JP2005089508A - Apparatus for carbonization treatment and method for treating discharged gas - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for a carbonization treatment with which a discharged gas can be cleaned by a simple method without relying on combustion and without requiring much time and labor. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus 100 for the carbonization treatment is equipped with a water tank 61 communicating with a carbonization chamber 14 and storing water in the interior thereof and a discharged gas cleaning apparatus 60 having an ozonizer 80 as an oxidizing agent introducing means for introducing the oxidizing agent into the water tank 61. A large amount of the discharged gas emitted according to the carbonization of combustible organic materials in the carbonization chamber 14 is introduced into the water tank 61 communicating with the carbonization chamber 14. Water vapor gas in the introduced gas is cooled with the water stored in the water tank 61, converted into water and mixed with the water in the water tank 61. On the other hand, combustible gases in the introduced gas are cooled with the water in the water tank 61 and condensed to become a liquid material. Furthermore, the liquid material is oxidized into a bubble state by actions of the oxidizing agent of the ozone produced from the ozonizer 80. The material converted into the bubble state is collected with a filter, removed and disposed. Thereby, the discharged gas can be subjected to the cleaning treatment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus, and particularly relates to a purification treatment technique of exhaust gas discharged as a gas by carbonization.

  Conventionally, various methods such as incineration, landfilling, recycling, and solid fuel processing have been performed as waste treatment methods, and in the treatment of garbage, composting techniques have been actively promoted. However, the demand for compost is unexpectedly low, and new “carbonization” technology has begun to attract attention. “Carbonization” aims to recycle garbage by carbonizing combustible organic substances such as garbage to “charcoal”, and the charcoal produced by carbonization is more demanding than compost ( Adsorbent, fuel, toner, etc.).

  In the carbonization treatment, a combustible organic waste such as garbage is carbonized by burning it into a steamed state without burning, and a large amount of gas is generated by this carbonization. Most of the generated gas is water vapor, but combustible gas is also included, and it is necessary to take measures to make the exhaust gas containing this combustible gas harmless.

Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 disclose a carbonization apparatus for purifying a combustion chamber by completely burning unburned gas in the combustion chamber in order to burn and purify exhaust gas generated by carbonization. Is described. Patent Document 4 describes a technique in which exhaust gas generated by carbonization is passed through a catalyst or activated carbon and removed by chemical reaction or adsorption.
JP 2001-192665 A (paragraph numbers [0010] to [0011], FIG. 1) JP-A-11-293257 (paragraph number [0024], FIG. 1) JP 2001-64652 A (paragraph number [0033], FIG. 1) JP 2003-147366 A (paragraph numbers [0021] to [0032], paragraph numbers [0034] to [0038], FIG. 1)

  However, in the method of purifying combustible gas by combustion as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, there is a concern that dioxin is generated by combustion. When the combustion temperature is very high, the generation of dioxins is reduced, but the term combustion or incineration causes consumers to imagine the generation of dioxins, and there is a problem that sales power is lacking. Moreover, in the method of purifying combustible gas by the chemical reaction by a catalyst or adsorption by activated carbon as described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 4, it is necessary to always maintain and regenerate the catalyst and activated carbon, which is very laborious. There is a problem.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a carbonization apparatus that can purify exhaust gas by a simple method that does not depend on combustion and does not require time and effort. It is a technical issue.

The invention of claim 1 made to solve the above technical problem is:
In a carbonization apparatus comprising a carbonization chamber in which a combustible organic material is accommodated, and a heating unit for heating the combustible organic material in the carbonization chamber, and carbonizing the combustible organic material by heating the combustible organic material with the heating unit.
A carbonization apparatus comprising an exhaust gas purification device having a water tank communicating with the carbonization chamber and having water stored therein and an oxidant introduction device for introducing an oxidant into the water tank. It is.

The invention of claim 2 is the invention of claim 1,
The water tank includes a main body part in which water is stored, a circulation passage through which both ends are connected to a part of the main body part and the other part, and the water in the main body part is circulated, and is provided in the middle of the circulation passage. And a cooling means for cooling the water flowing through the circulation passage.

The invention of claim 3 is the invention of claim 2,
The carbonization chamber and the oxidant introduction device communicate with the water tank in the circulation passage, and the circulation pump is interposed in the circulation passage at a communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. The communication portion between the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage is located downstream of the communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage.

The invention of claim 4 is the invention of claim 3,
The carbonization chamber is communicated with the circulation passage by a communication passage communicating the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage.
The oxidant introduction device includes an oxidant generator that generates an oxidant, and an oxidant introduction passage that communicates the oxidant generator and the circulation passage.
An opening portion of the communication passage in a portion where the communication passage communicates with the circulation passage and an opening portion of the oxidant introduction passage in a portion where the oxidant introduction passage communicates with the circulation passage circulates in the circulation passage. It is characterized by opening in a direction along the water flow direction.

Further, the invention of claim 5 made to solve the above technical problem is:
A method for treating exhaust gas generated when carbonizing a combustible organic substance by heating,
By introducing the gas into water mixed with an oxidant, water vapor in the gas is condensed into water, exhaust gas other than water vapor in the gas is condensed into a liquid state, and the oxidant is It is set as the method of making it operate and making it a bubble-like thing, and processing by extract | collecting this bubble-like thing.

The invention of claim 6 made to solve the technical problem is as follows:
In a carbonization apparatus comprising a carbonization chamber in which a combustible organic material is accommodated, and a heating unit for heating the combustible organic material in the carbonization chamber, and carbonizing the combustible organic material by heating the combustible organic material with the heating unit.
A discharge passage that includes one end opening and the other end opening, communicates with the carbonization chamber on the one end opening side, and discharges gas generated in the carbonization chamber by heating the combustible organic matter;
A condensing tank that condenses the gas introduced from the carbonization chamber through the discharge passage, and communicates with the other end opening side of the discharge passage;
The other end opening is arranged to be in contact with the condensed water in the condensing tank so as to be a carbonization apparatus.

The invention of claim 7 is the invention of claim 6,
The other end opening is arranged to open downward.

The invention of claim 8 is the invention of any one of claims 6 or 7,
The other end opening is installed at a position higher than the one end opening,
Between the one end opening and the carbonization chamber, a backflow storage chamber for storing a liquid that flows back from the other end opening to the one end opening is provided.

The invention of claim 9 is the invention of any one of claims 6 to 8,
It further comprises a condensing tank heating means for heating the condensing tank.

The invention of claim 10 is the invention of claim 3,
A communication passage communicating the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage, a bypass passage communicating the upper portion of the main body and the communication passage, and a backflow prevention valve means interposed in the middle of the bypass passage. Furthermore, it is characterized by comprising.

  According to the invention of claim 1, when the combustible organic substance in the carbonization chamber is heated by the heating means, a large amount of exhaust gas is generated along with the carbonization of the combustible organic substance in the carbonization chamber. This gas is introduced into a water tank communicating with the carbonization chamber. Since most of the gas generated in the carbonization chamber is water vapor, the water vapor gas is cooled and condensed by the water stored in the water tank, and becomes water and is mixed with the water in the water tank. On the other hand, exhaust gas other than water vapor (flammable gas, etc.) out of the gas generated in the carbonization chamber is cooled and condensed by the water in the water tank to become a liquid material, which is generally hydrophobic. In order not to mix with water. However, since the oxidant is introduced into the water tank by the oxidant generating means, the liquid substance is oxidized by the action of the oxidant to be in a bubble state. The exhausted gas can be purified by collecting, removing and disposing of the bubbles.

  Thus, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the exhaust gas can be purified by a simple method without combustion and without the trouble of removing the liquid oxide in the bubble state from the water circulation tank.

The reason why the liquid becomes a foam by the action of the oxidizing agent is considered as follows. In other words, the oxidizing agent acts on the oil and fat component in the condensed liquid to make it hydrophilic, forming an emulsion, and O ₂ , CO _2, etc. are generated as fine bubbles by the oxidizing action, and become a foam. Conceivable.

  As the oxidizing agent, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or the like can be used. Particularly, ozone can be used effectively in the present invention because a generator can be obtained easily and inexpensively.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the water stored in the main body circulates in the circulation passage by the operation of the circulation pump, and the water flowing in the circulation passage is cooled by the cooling means. The water in the water tank is heated by exchanging heat with the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber, but as described above, the water in the water tank is sufficiently cooled by the cooling means to be discharged stably and continuously. The gas can be cooled and condensed.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the carbonization chamber and the oxidant introduction device communicate with the water tank in the circulation passage, and the circulation pump is interposed in the circulation passage in the communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. The communication portion between the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage is located downstream of the communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. That is, from the upstream side of the circulation passage, the circulation pump, the oxidant introduction device, and the carbonization chamber are respectively connected to or communicated with the circulation passage. By connecting an oxidizer introduction device and a carbonization chamber downstream of the circulation pump, it is possible to prevent the oxidizer and exhaust gas introduced into the circulation passage from adversely affecting the circulation pump. Can be achieved. Further, the oxidant introduction device is provided for the exhaust gas introduced from the carbonization chamber into the circulation passage by positioning the communication portion between the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage downstream of the communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. Therefore, the oxidizing agent introduced into the circulation passage can be effectively acted, and bubbles can be effectively formed.

  According to the invention of claim 4, the opening to the circulation passage of the discharge passage communicating with the carbonization chamber and the opening to the circulation passage of the oxidant introduction passage communicating with the oxidant generator are both in the circulation passage. The exhaust gas is opened in the direction along the flow direction of the water circulating through the circulation passage, that is, in the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the circulation passage. The oxidant is attracted from the introduction passage, and the exhaust gas and the oxidant can be efficiently introduced into the circulation passage.

  According to the invention of claim 5, by introducing the exhaust gas generated when the combustible organic substance is heated and carbonized into the water in which the oxidant is mixed, the water vapor in the gas is condensed into water, Gases other than water vapor in the gas are condensed to form a liquid, and an oxidant is allowed to act to form a foam, which is processed by collecting the foam. The exhaust gas can be purified by a simple method without the trouble of removing the liquid oxidizing agent.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the gas generated when the combustible organic material is heated and carbonized in the carbonization chamber is introduced into the condensing tank through the discharge passage. And it condenses in this condensing tank. Here, since most of the gas introduced from the carbonization chamber is water vapor, the water vapor condenses in the condensing tank to become condensed water and accumulates in the condensing tank. Moreover, the other end opening part (opening part on the side communicating with the condensing tank) of the discharge passage is disposed so as to come into contact with the condensed water in the condensing tank. Therefore, the subsequent exhaust gas introduced into the condensing tank from the exhaust passage is cooled and condensed by contact with the condensed water. In this case, the temperature of the condensed water is 100 ° C. or lower, while the boiling point of the combustible gas other than water vapor in the exhaust gas is almost 100 ° C. or higher. Therefore, most of the combustible gas is condensed by coming into contact with the condensed water in this condensing tank, and is collected in a state of floating on the surface of the condensed water as an oil component. By collecting the combustible gas in this way, the exhaust gas can be purified by a simple method.

  According to the invention of claim 7, since the opening (the other end opening) on the side of the discharge passage communicating with the condensing tank is disposed downward, the condensate collected in the condensing tank When the opening is immersed in the condensed water, the exhaust gas introduced from the discharge passage into the condensing tank is bubbled with the condensed water in the condensing tank. By this bubbling, the condensed water and the exhaust gas can be contacted efficiently.

  According to the invention of claim 8, the opening (the other end opening) on the side of the discharge passage that is in communication with the condensing tank is the opening (the one end opening) on the side of the discharge passage that is in communication with the carbonization chamber. Therefore, when the condensed water in the condensing tank exceeds a certain amount, the condensed water flows backward from the condensing tank through the discharge passage to the carbonization chamber side by the principle of siphon. In addition, since a backflow storage chamber is provided between the one end opening of the discharge passage and the carbonization chamber, the condensed water that has flowed back flows into the backflow storage chamber. In this way, excess condensed water in the condensing tank can be made to flow backward to always maintain the amount of condensed water in the condensing tank at an appropriate amount, and the condensed water that has flowed back is allowed to flow into the backflow reservoir. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the condensed water from directly flowing into the carbonization chamber, so that the carbonization process is not adversely affected by the backflow of the condensed water.

  Further, according to the invention of claim 9, since the condensing tank heating means for heating the condensing tank is provided, the condensing tank is appropriately heated by the condensing tank heating means as necessary and stayed in the condensing tank. The liquid can be evaporated.

  According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the communication passage communicating the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage and the upper portion of the main body of the water tank are communicated by the bypass passage, and the backflow prevention valve means is interposed in the middle of the bypass passage. It is made the composition made to do. When the carbonization in the carbonization chamber is completed and the heating of the carbonization chamber is stopped, the pressure in the carbonization chamber decreases due to the temperature decrease in the carbonization chamber, and the water in the water tank may flow back into the carbonization chamber through the communication path. In such a case, if the backflow prevention valve means is opened, the gas in the upper part of the main body flows into the carbonization chamber through the bypass passage, so that the water in the water tank flows back to the carbonization chamber. Can be prevented.

  The “upper part of the main body part” may be a position above the surface of the water stored in the main body. That is, when the bypass passage communicates with the main body, the opening of the bypass passage is positioned above the surface of the water stored in the main body, and when the backflow prevention valve means is opened, It is only necessary that the gas accumulated in the upper part flows in the bypass passage instead of water.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a carbonization apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the carbonization treatment apparatus 100 includes a carbonization tank 10, a carbonization chamber heater 20 as a heating unit, a condensation tank 40, and an exhaust gas purification device 60.

  The outer shell of the carbonization tank 10 is formed of a refractory material containing ceramic fibers. Moreover, as shown in the figure, the carbonization tank 10 has a partition wall 13 erected therein. The partition wall 13 divides the carbonization tank 10 into a carbonization chamber 14 and a backflow chamber 15. The carbonization chamber 14 and the backflow reservoir 15 need to communicate with each other. However, the carbonization chamber 14 and the counterflow storage chamber 15 do not necessarily have to be partitioned by the partition wall 13 as in the present example and formed in one carbonization tank. Even if they are formed separately, it is sufficient that both chambers communicate with each other.

  In addition, the carbonization tank 10 has a combustible organic substance inlet (not shown) and an entrance / exit part such as an electric wiring so that a sealed state in the tank can be maintained except for the exhaust port 10b formed in the side wall 10a. Sealing is performed with a sealing material (for example, rubber packing, sealing tape, etc.).

  Inside the carbonization chamber 14, a tray 11 having an open top is installed. A carbonization chamber heater 20 is disposed inside the tray 11. In this example, the carbonization chamber heater 20 is composed of a ceramic heater. The carbonization chamber heater 20 may be configured separately from the tray 11 as long as it is configured to heat the tray 11, and is integrally configured inside the tray 11 as in this example. Also good. A combustible organic substance A such as raw garbage is put into the tray 11.

  A carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 is attached to the side wall 10 c of the carbonization tank 10. The carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 has a temperature detection portion protruding from the side wall 10 c to the carbonization chamber 14 and the inner wall of the tray 11 so that the inner wall temperature in the tray 11 can be detected.

  As described above, the exhaust port 10 b is formed in the side wall 10 a of the carbonization tank 10. A discharge passage 30 communicates with the exhaust port 10b. One end opening 31 of the discharge passage 30 opens into the backflow chamber 15 of the carbonization tank 10, and the other end opening 32 opens into the condensing tank 40 described later.

  The condensation tank 40 is a tank for condensing the gas (mainly water vapor) discharged from the carbonization chamber 14 in the internal space, the internal space of which is communicated with the inside of the carbonization chamber 14 by the discharge passage 30. The condensing tank 40 has a suction port 40b formed on its side wall 40a and a discharge port 40d formed on the side wall 40c. A discharge passage 30 is connected to the suction port 40b, and a communication passage 50 is connected to the discharge port 40d. Since the condensing tank 40 also needs to maintain hermeticity like the carbonization chamber, it is sealed so as to maintain a hermetic state except for the suction port 40b and the discharge port 40d.

  The other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is opened downward in the condensing tank 40 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, one end opening 51 of the communication passage 50 is opened upward in the condensing tank 40 as shown in FIG. Further, the opening height of the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is adjusted so as to be higher than or equivalent to the one end opening 31 opened in the carbonization chamber 14.

  Further, a mesh-like wire mesh 41 is disposed in the condensing tank 40 in the horizontal direction, and the condensing tank 40 is partitioned into an upper space 42 and a lower space 43 by the wire mesh 41. As shown in the figure, the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 communicates with the lower space 43, and the one end opening 51 of the communication passage 50 communicates with the upper space 42.

  Further, as shown in the figure, a condensing tank heater 44 is attached to the lower part of the condensing tank 40. The condensing tank heater 44 is used when the liquid accumulated in the condensing tank 40 is to be evaporated. Further, the condensing tank 40 is provided with a condensing tank temperature sensor 45 for measuring the temperature of the upper space 42.

  The exhaust gas purification device 60 includes a water tank 61 and an ozone generator 80 as an oxidant generator.

  The water tank 61 includes a main body 62, a circulation passage 63, a circulation pump 64, a radiator 65 as a cooling means, and a cooling fan device 66.

  The main body 62 is a hollow cylindrical body, in which water is stored. The water level of the stored water is detected by a water level sensor 62 a attached at a predetermined height position of the main body 62. An ultraviolet lamp 67 is installed inside the main body 62. The ultraviolet lamp 67 activates ozone introduced from the ozone generator 80 and is an ultraviolet lamp in this example, but is not limited to this, and activates an oxidizing agent such as ozone. For example, an ultrasonic element or the like may be used.

  A turbulent airfoil 68 is installed in the main body 62. The turbulent blade 68 is for colliding the water and suspended matter circulated in the main body 62 and agitating it, and is preferably shaped so that agitation occurs appropriately. A simple flat plate may be used depending on the momentum and installation location.

  As shown in the drawing, the shape of the upper portion of the main body portion 62 is formed in a truncated cone shape in which the inner space is narrowed toward the top, and a filter 69 is attached to the uppermost portion.

  A drain pipe 70 communicates with the lower portion of the main body 62. As shown in the figure, the drain pipe 70 is branched at the tip, one end 71 is opened to the outside, and the other end 72 is opened upward in the upper space of the main body 62. The drain pipe 70 is in communication with a makeup water passage 73. In the middle of the make-up water passage 73, a water amount adjusting electromagnetic valve 74 as a circulating water amount adjusting means is interposed, and the water amount adjusting electromagnetic valve 74 is opened and closed according to detection information from the water level sensor 62a. The amount of water in the water tank 61 is adjusted.

  As shown in the drawing, the circulation passage 63 is configured such that one end 63a is connected to a substantially middle portion of the main body 62 and the other end 63b is connected to the lower portion of the main body. A circulation pump 64 and a radiator 65 are interposed in the circulation passage 63.

  The circulation pump 64 has a suction port 64a and a discharge port 64b, and pumps water sucked from the suction port 64a to the discharge port 64b. Therefore, in this example, by driving the circulation pump 64, the water in the circulation passage 63 flows in the direction of the arrow B shown in the figure.

  A cooling fan device 66 is disposed opposite to the radiator 65. When the cooling fan device 66 is driven, the air is passed through the radiator 65, and water flowing through the radiator 65 is cooled.

  Further, the ozone generator 80 communicates with the circulation passage 63. The ozone generator 80 includes an ozone generator 81 that generates ozone, and an ozone introduction passage 82 that communicates with the ozone generator 81, and the ozone introduction passage 82 communicates with the circulation passage 63. Is introduced into the circulation passage 63. The portion C where the ozone introduction passage 82 communicates with the circulation passage 63 is preferably downstream of the circulation pump 64 as shown in the figure. By arranging in this way, the generated ozone can be effectively circulated and stirred in the water tank 61.

  In addition, the communication path 50 communicates with the circulation path 63. The portion D where the communication passage 50 communicates with the circulation passage 63 is preferably disposed downstream of the portion C where the ozone introduction passage 82 communicates with the circulation passage 63 as shown in the figure. By arranging in this way, ozone can effectively act on the gas discharged from the communication passage 50 to the circulation passage 63.

  Further, as shown in the drawing, the communication passage 50 and the upper space of the main body 62 are communicated with each other by a bypass passage 75. The bypass passage 75 communicates with an upper part of the main body 62, that is, a space part above the stored water. When the water level sensor 62a is attached to the main body 62 as in this example, the bypass passage 75 may be communicated with a portion above the water level sensor 62a. Further, a backflow preventing electromagnetic valve 76 is interposed in the middle of the bypass passage 75. The backflow preventing solenoid valve 76 is a normally closed valve that is normally closed, and is opened when the apparatus is stopped.

  The carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12, the carbonization chamber heater 20, the condensing tank temperature sensor 45, the condensing tank heater 44, the cooling fan device 66, the circulation pump 64, the ozone generator 81, the backflow preventing electromagnetic valve 76, and the ultraviolet lamp 67. The water level sensor 62a and the water amount adjusting electromagnetic valve 74 are electrically connected to the controller 90, respectively. The controller 90 is connected to a power source E and gives control commands to various devices.

  The operation of the carbonizing apparatus 100 having the above configuration will be described below.

  First, combustible organic substances such as garbage and food residues are put into the tray 11 in the carbonization chamber 14. Next, the operation switch (not shown) of the controller 90 is pressed to activate the carbonization apparatus 100. Then, the controller 90 first determines whether or not the water stored in the main body 62 of the exhaust gas purification device 60 has reached a predetermined water level based on detection information from the water level sensor 62a. When it is determined that the predetermined water level has not been reached, that is, when the water level sensor 62a has not detected water, the water amount adjusting electromagnetic valve 74 is opened. Then, water flows from the makeup water passage 73 to the drain pipe 70, and water is replenished into the main body 62 from the drain pipe 70. When it is determined that the predetermined water level has been reached, the cooling fan device 66, the circulation pump 64, the ultraviolet lamp 67, the ozone generator 81, and the carbonization chamber heater 20 are operated. As a result, the carbonization chamber 14 is heated, and the carbonization of the combustible organic material introduced into the tray 11 is started, and the exhaust gas purification device 60 is activated to circulate the water in the main body 62 through the circulation passage 63. . In addition, the heating temperature in the carbonization chamber 14 by the carbonization chamber heater 20 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 so as to be about 400 ° C.

  The combustible organic matter in the tray 11 in the carbonization chamber 14 generates a gas mainly composed of moisture as it is heated. The generated gas is discharged from the carbonization chamber 14 through the exhaust passage 10 b through the discharge passage 30 and further introduced into the condensing tank 40. In the condensing tank 40, the gas introduced from the discharge passage 30 is condensed and becomes a liquid. In this case, since the metal mesh 41 is disposed in the condensing tank 40, the gas introduced into the condensing tank 40 from the discharge passage 30 collides with the metal mesh 41 and is deprived of heat, thereby condensing effectively. It is condensed in the tank 40.

  During the initial operation or the initial operation of the carbonization apparatus 100, the liquid condensed in the condensing tank 40 accumulates in the lower part of the condensing tank 40. As shown in the figure, the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is open downward toward the lower side of the condensing tank 40. Therefore, when the amount of liquid accumulated in the lower portion of the condensing tank 40 increases, The other end opening 32 of the 30 is closed with condensed water. For this reason, the gas discharged | emitted from the discharge channel | path 30 will bubble the condensed water collected in the lower part of the condensation tank 40. FIG. Here, since most of the gas discharged from the discharge passage 30 is water vapor, most of the liquid condensed in the condensing tank 40 is water. Since the temperature of water is 100 ° C. or lower, the gas having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher is effectively condensed by bubbling with water in the condensing tank 40 and collected in the condensing tank 40.

  On the other hand, the water accumulated in the condensing tank 40 is heated by contact with the exhaust gas discharged from the discharge passage 30, and partially evaporated to become water vapor. The water vapor thus evaporated and the gas that has not been condensed in the condensing tank 40 are discharged from the condensing tank 40 through the communication path 50.

  During the carbonization of the combustible organic substance in the carbonization chamber 14, the steam discharged from the condensing tank 40 through the communication path 50 to the condensing tank 40 through the discharge path 30 from the carbonizing tank 10. Since more steam is introduced, the condensed water in the lower part of the condensing tank is not completely lost, but rather increases. In this case, since the discharge passage 30 is designed so that the height position of the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is higher than the height position of the one end opening 31, When the amount of condensed water exceeds a certain amount, the condensed water flows backward from the condensing tank 40 into the carbonizing tank 10 through the discharge passage 30 according to the principle of siphon. As shown in the figure, the one end opening 31 of the discharge passage 30 communicates with the backflow reservoir 15 of the carbonization tank 10, so that the liquid that flows back into the carbonization tank 10 does not enter the carbonization chamber 14. , Flows into the backflow reservoir 15. The liquid that has flowed into the backflow chamber 15 is reheated by the heat of the carbonization chamber heater 20, becomes a gas, and is again introduced into the condensing tank 40 from the discharge passage 30.

  During the carbonization of the combustible organic substance in the carbonization chamber 14, the temperature of the upper space 42 of the condensing tank 40 detected by the condensing tank temperature sensor 45 is constant at about 100 ° C. This is because the temperature of the evaporated water vapor is approximately 100 ° C.

  As described above, most of the combustible gas is condensed by the condensing tank 40, but water vapor and some oil and carbon suspended matters (including tar content) are discharged from the condensing tank 40 as gas. These pass through the communication passage 50 and are introduced into the circulation passage 63 of the exhaust gas purification device 60.

  Since the circulation pump 64 of the exhaust gas purification device 60 is operating during the carbonization treatment, the water in the main body 62 and the circulation passage 63 is circulated in the direction indicated by the arrow B in the drawing. Further, since the communication portion D between the communication path 50 and the circulation path 63 is located downstream of the circulation pump 64, the exhaust gas is drawn from the communication path 50 by being attracted by the flow of water in the circulation path 63. 63.

  Further, as shown in the figure, the ozone introduction passage 82 also communicates with the circulation passage 63, and the communication portion C is downstream of the circulation pump 64, and from the communication portion D between the communication passage 50 and the circulation passage 63. Is also located upstream. Therefore, the ozone generated by the ozone generator 81 is introduced from the portion C into the circulation passage 63 through the ozone introduction passage 82.

  As can be seen from the figure, the respective openings of the communication passage 50 and the ozone introduction passage 82 communicating with the circulation passage 63 are opened along the flow direction of the water circulating in the circulation passage 63. Therefore, the gas from the communication passage 50 and the ozone from the ozone introduction passage 82 are attracted by the flow of water in the circulation passage 63 and are efficiently introduced into the circulation passage 63.

  Of the gas introduced from the communication passage 50 into the circulation passage 63, the water vapor is cooled and condensed by the water flowing through the circulation passage 63, and becomes water and is mixed into the water flowing through the circulation passage 63. On the other hand, combustible gas other than water vapor is cooled and condensed by the water flowing in the circulation passage 63 and becomes liquid, but since many of such liquid materials are hydrophobic such as oil and tar, It does not dissolve in water and floats in the circulation passage 63. Then, these liquid substances floating in the circulation passage 63 are oxidized by the ozone introduced into the circulation passage 63 from the ozone introduction passage 82. The liquid material oxidized by ozone collides with the turbulent airfoil 68 to form a bubble state. The liquid material in the bubble state obtains buoyancy and floats on the surface of the water stored in the main body 62. Here, since the upper space of the main body portion 62 becomes narrower as it goes upward, the liquid substance floating on the water surface is pushed up by the above structural features of the main body portion 62 and is placed on the uppermost portion of the main body portion 62. It is collected by the arranged filter 69. The filter 69 is a wire mesh having a fine mesh, and is collected when a liquid material is caught on the wire mesh. In this way, the combustible gas component introduced into the exhaust gas purification device 60 is removed.

  During the purification of exhaust gas by the above action, the water circulating through the main body 62 and the circulation passage 63 receives heat from the gas introduced from the communication passage 50, and thus the temperature rises. For this reason, in order to keep the temperature of circulating water constant, the radiator 65 is attached to the circulation path 63 in this example. Therefore, the water that has flowed from the main body 62 to the circulation passage 63 enters the radiator 65, is blown from the cooling fan device 66 disposed opposite to the radiator 65, exchanges heat, and is cooled. Due to the action of the radiator 65, the circulating water does not increase in temperature.

  Further, the main body 62 is provided with an ultraviolet lamp 67. For this reason, the ozone introduced into the circulation passage 63 from the ozone generator 80 is improved in oxidizing power by irradiation from the ultraviolet lamp 67, and can efficiently oxidize a liquid substance containing oil or the like.

  Further, the water vapor occupying most of the exhaust gas introduced from the communication passage 50 condenses into water when introduced into the circulation passage 63 and is mixed into the water flowing through the circulation passage 63. Gradually increases during carbonization. And if a water level rises more than the water level detected by the water level sensor 62a, water will be discharged | emitted from the drain pipe 70 outside. In this case, the drain pipe 70 communicates with the lower part of the main body part 62, and water is discharged from the lower part of the main body part 62 through the drain pipe 70. It is possible to discharge only clean water without entraining and releasing the floating bubble-like liquid material to the outside.

  When all the combustible organic substances in the tray 11 in the carbonization chamber 14 are carbonized, no gas is generated from the combustible organic substances. Therefore, no gas is introduced into the condensing tank 40, and the temperature of the space portion in the condensing tank 40 starts to rapidly decrease. When the detected temperature detected by the condensing tank temperature sensor 45 is equal to or lower than the carbonization end determination temperature (95 ° C. or lower in this example), the controller 90 determines that the carbonization has ended, and energizes the heater 20 in the carbonization chamber. Stop.

  When the energization of the heater 20 in the carbonization chamber is stopped, the temperature in the carbonization chamber 14 decreases. When the temperature in the carbonization chamber 14 is lowered, the pressure in the carbonization tank 10 is also reduced, and the carbonization tank 10 is in a negative pressure state with respect to the condensation tank 40, so that the liquid accumulated in the condensation tank 40 passes through the discharge passage 30. It flows back and is introduced into the backflow reservoir 15 in the carbonization tank 10.

  Since the condensed water from the condensing tank 40 flows back into the carbonizing tank 10, the condensing tank 40 also has a negative pressure, so that the water in the circulation passage 63 communicating with the condensing tank 40 through the communicating path 50 is communicated with the communicating path. 50 may flow backward to the condensing tank 40 and further from the condensing tank 40 into the carbonizing tank 10. In order to prevent this, the controller 90 opens the backflow preventing solenoid valve 76 immediately after the carbonization chamber heater 20 is stopped. Due to the opening operation of the backflow preventing solenoid valve 76, the communication passage 50 and the upper space of the main body portion 62 communicate with each other by the bypass passage 75, and the gas in the upper space of the main body portion 62 flows back to the condensing tank 40 through the bypass passage 75. To do. For this reason, the water in the circulation passage 63 does not flow back into the carbonization tank 10 through the condensation tank 40.

  Then, when the temperature detected by the carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 becomes equal to or lower than the stop set temperature (50 ° C. in this example), the controller 90 outputs a stop command to various devices and ends the operation of the carbonization apparatus 100.

  By the operation of the carbonization apparatus 100 as described above, a bubble-like liquid material is collected by the filter 69 attached to the uppermost part of the main body 62. Therefore, by periodically maintaining (washing) the bubble-like liquid attached to the filter 69 or replacing the filter 69, the cleanliness of the apparatus can be maintained. Further, the liquid that has flowed back to the backflow chamber 15 by stopping the apparatus 100 is reheated and evaporated in the next carbonization treatment.

  FIG. 2 shows the operating state of each device, heater, and sensor, the temperature detected from the carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 and the condensing tank temperature sensor 45, and the carbonized organicity when operating the carbonization processing apparatus 100 in this example. The results of measuring the temperature of the combustible material (carbide) over time are also shown. In the graph, among the graphs showing the temperature, the solid line shows the change over time of the temperature in the carbonization chamber 14 detected from the coking chamber temperature sensor 12, and the thick dotted line shows the change over time in the temperature of the carbide. A change indicated by a thin dotted line indicates a change with time in the temperature of the gas phase portion of the condensing tank 40 detected from the condensing tank temperature sensor 45. As can be seen from the figure, when the carbonization apparatus 100 is started, the temperature of the carbonization chamber 14 and the temperature of the internal carbides rapidly increase. And the temperature in the carbonization chamber 14 is controlled to be 400 ° C. On the other hand, the temperature of the carbide shows a constant temperature of about 100 ° C. during the initial and middle stages of carbonization. This is because, in the initial and middle stages of carbonization, moisture in the carbide is mainly evaporated by heating, and the evaporation temperature of 100 ° C. appears as the carbide temperature.

  The temperature of the gas phase portion in the condensing tank 40 is maintained at room temperature in the initial stage of carbonization, but eventually the gas discharged from the carbonizing chamber 14 is heated by being introduced into the condensing tank 40, and the temperature rises. Come on. And it becomes constant at a temperature around 100 ° C. The reason why the temperature of the gas phase portion in the condensing tank 40 is constant at 100 ° C. is that, as described above, the temperature (100 when the condensed water accumulated in the condensing tank 40 evaporates to become water vapor during carbonization. (° C.) is detected.

  At the end of carbonization, the moisture in the carbide decreases and the generation of water vapor decreases, while the oil component having a higher boiling point evaporates and generates a combustible gas. For this reason, the temperature of the carbide also rises due to the generation of combustible gas. When the carbide is completely carbonized and no further gas is generated, the temperature of the carbide becomes the temperature in the carbonization chamber (400 ° C.).

  On the other hand, the temperature of the gas phase portion in the condensing tank 40 is maintained at approximately 100 ° C. even at the end of carbonization. As shown in the figure, the temperature begins to drop at the final stage of the end of carbonization. This is because the gas discharged from the carbide is no longer exhausted after the carbonization is completed, so that no gas is introduced from the carbonization chamber 14 into the condensing tank 40, and as a result, the condensed water is not heated. When the condensed water is no longer heated, the generation of water vapor from the condensed water is also suppressed, so that the temperature of the gas phase portion of the condensing tank 40 decreases. Therefore, a drop in the temperature of the gas phase portion in the condensing tank 40 is also a signal that the carbonization has been completed, so the temperature of this portion is detected by the condensing tank temperature sensor 45 and the detected temperature is below a predetermined temperature (in this example, By determining that the carbonization is completed when the temperature reaches 95 ° C. or lower), it is possible to determine the completion of the carbonization with high accuracy. Then, when the temperature detected by the carbonization chamber temperature sensor 12 becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (50 ° C. in this example), the power supply to all the devices is turned off.

  As described above, the carbonization treatment apparatus 100 of the present example includes a water tank 61 that communicates with the carbonization chamber 14 and stores water therein, and an ozone generator 80 that serves as an oxidant introduction unit that introduces an oxidant into the water tank 61. Therefore, a large amount of exhaust gas generated along with carbonization of combustible organic matter in the carbonization chamber 14 is introduced into a water tank 61 communicating with the carbonization chamber 14. The steam gas in the introduced gas is cooled by the water stored in the water tank 61, becomes water, and mixes with the water in the water tank 61. On the other hand, combustible gas in the introduced gas is cooled and condensed by the water in the water tank 61 to become a liquid material, and further, the liquid material is oxidized by the action of an oxidizing agent of ozone generated from the ozone generator 80, resulting in bubbles. It becomes a state. The exhausted gas can be purified by collecting, removing, and disposing of the bubbles in a filter.

  Further, the water tank 61 includes a main body 62 in which water is stored, a circulation passage 63 in which both ends are connected to a part of the main body 62 and other parts, and water in the main body 62 is circulated, and a circulation passage 63. And a cooling pump (radiator 65, cooling fan device 66) for cooling the water flowing through the circulation passage 63, and a gas discharged from the carbonization chamber 14. Since the circulating water heated by the heat exchange is sufficiently cooled by the cooling means, the exhaust gas can be condensed stably and continuously.

  As shown in the figure, if the communication portion between the communication passage 50 and the circulation passage 63 is D, and the communication portion between the ozone introduction passage 82 and the circulation passage 63 is C, the circulation pump 64 is connected to the circulation passage 63 in the portion C. The part D is designed to be located downstream of the part C, and the part D is designed to be located downstream of the part C. Further, the part D communicates with the carbonization chamber 14, and the part C communicates with the ozone generator 81. Therefore, the circulation pump 64, the ozone generator 81, and the carbonization chamber 14 are respectively connected to or communicated with the circulation passage 63 from the upstream side of the circulation passage 63. By connecting the ozone generator 81 and the carbonization chamber 14 to the downstream side of the circulation pump 64, it is possible to prevent ozone and exhaust gas introduced into the circulation passage 63 from affecting the circulation pump 64. It is possible to extend the life of 64. Further, the communication portion D between the carbonization chamber 14 and the circulation passage 63 is positioned downstream of the communication portion C between the ozone generator 81 and the circulation passage 63, so that the exhaust gas introduced into the circulation passage 63 from the carbonization chamber 14 can be reduced. On the other hand, ozone introduced into the circulation passage 63 from the ozone generator 81 can be made to act effectively, and bubbles can be effectively formed.

  Further, an opening to the circulation passage 63 of the communication passage 50 communicating with the carbonization chamber 14 (opening portion of the portion D in FIG. 1) and an opening to the circulation passage 63 of the ozone introduction passage 82 communicating with the ozone generator 81. Since both of the openings (portion C in FIG. 1) open in the direction along the flow direction of the water circulating in the circulation passage 63, that is, in the direction from the upstream to the downstream of the circulation passage 63, the circulation passage Exhaust gas is attracted from the communication passage 50 and ozone is attracted from the ozone introduction passage 82 along the water flow in 63. For this reason, exhaust gas and an oxidizing agent can be efficiently introduced into the circulation passage 63.

  Moreover, the carbonization processing apparatus 100 of this example is provided with the one end opening part 31 and the other end opening part 32, and is connected to the carbonization chamber 14 by the one end opening part 31 side, and the discharge passage 30 which discharges | emits the gas in the carbonization chamber 14. And a condensing tank 40 that communicates with the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 and condenses the gas introduced from the carbonization chamber 14 via the discharge passage 30. 32 is arrange | positioned so that the condensed water condensed in the condensation tank 40 can contact. Therefore, the exhaust gas introduced when the combustible organic substance is heated and carbonized in the carbonization chamber 14 through the discharge passage 30 and introduced into the condensation tank 40 is cooled by contact with the condensed water in the condensation tank 40. And condensed. In this case, the temperature of the condensed water is 100 ° C. or lower, while the boiling point of the combustible gas other than water vapor in the exhaust gas is almost 100 ° C. or higher. Therefore, most of the combustible gas is condensed by coming into contact with the condensed water in the condensing tank 40 and collected as an oil component in a floating state on the surface of the condensed water. By collecting the combustible gas in this way, the exhaust gas can be purified by a simple method.

  In addition, the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is arranged to open downward in the condensing tank 40, so that it opens facing the condensed water accumulated in the condensing tank 40. By submerging the opening in the condensed water, the exhaust gas introduced from the discharge passage 30 into the condensation tank 40 is bubbled with the condensed water in the condensation tank 40. By this bubbling, the condensed water and the exhaust gas can be contacted efficiently.

  In addition, the other end opening 32 of the discharge passage 30 is arranged at a position higher than the one end opening 31. Therefore, when the condensed water in the condensing tank 40 exceeds a certain amount, the condensed water is reduced according to the principle of siphon. It flows backward from the inside of the condensation tank 40 to the carbonization tank 10 side through the discharge passage 30. Further, since the backflow reservoir 15 is provided between the one end opening 31 of the discharge passage 30 and the carbonization chamber 14, the backflowed condensed water flows into the backflow reservoir 15. In this way, the excess condensed water in the condensing tank 40 can be made to flow backward so that the amount of condensed water in the condensing tank 40 can always be maintained at an appropriate amount, and the condensed water that has flowed back flows into the backflow reservoir space. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the condensed water from flowing directly into the carbonization chamber (carbonization space), so that the carbonization treatment is not adversely affected by the backflow of the condensed water.

  Moreover, since the condensing tank heater 44 for heating the condensing tank 40 is provided, the condensing tank 40 is appropriately heated by the condensing tank heater 45 as necessary, and the liquid staying in the condensing tank 40 is evaporated. be able to.

  In addition, a communication passage 50 communicating the carbonization chamber 14 and the circulation passage 63 and a space portion above the main body 62 of the water tank 61 are communicated by a bypass passage 75, and a backflow preventing electromagnetic valve 76 is provided in the middle of the bypass passage 75. It is set as the structure which intervened. When the carbonization in the carbonization chamber is completed and the heating of the carbonization chamber is stopped, the pressure in the carbonization chamber decreases due to the temperature decrease in the carbonization chamber, and the water in the water tank may flow back into the carbonization chamber through the communication path. In such a case, if the backflow prevention valve means is opened, the gas in the upper part of the main body 62 flows through the bypass passage 75 and the condensing tank 40 to the carbonization chamber 14. Can be effectively prevented from flowing back into the carbonization chamber 14.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a carbonization apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. When operating the carbonization apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the operating state of each device, heater, sensor, the temperature detected from the carbonization chamber temperature sensor, the condensing tank temperature sensor, and the organic combustible material to be carbonized It is the graph which written together the result of having measured temperature over time.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Carbonization tank 10a: Side wall 10b: Exhaust port 10c: Side wall 11: Tray 12: Carbonization chamber temperature sensor 13: Partition wall 14: Carbonization chamber 15: Backflow chamber 20: Carbonization chamber heater (heating means)
30: Discharge passage 31: Opening at one end 32: Opening at the other end 40: Condensing tank 40a: Side wall 40b: Suction port 40c: Side wall 40d: Discharge port 41: Wire mesh 42: Upper space 43: Lower space 44: Condensing tank heater (Condenser heating means)
45: Condensation tank temperature sensor 50: Communication path 51: One end opening 60: Exhaust gas purification device 61: Water tank 62: Main body 62a: Water level sensor 63: Circulation path 63a: One end 63b: Other end 64: Circulation pump 64a: Suction Port 64b: Discharge port 65: Radiator (cooling means)
66: Cooling fan device (cooling means)
67: Ultraviolet lamp 68: Turbulent blade 69: Filter 70: Drain pipe 71: One end 72: The other end 73: Supply water passage 74: Water amount adjusting solenoid valve 75: Bypass passage 76: Backflow preventing solenoid valve ( Backflow prevention valve means)
80: Ozone generator (oxidizer introduction device)
81: Ozone generator (oxidizer generator)
82: Ozone introduction passage (oxidant introduction passage)
90: Controller 100: Carbonizing apparatus

Claims (10)

In a carbonization apparatus comprising a carbonization chamber in which a combustible organic material is accommodated, and a heating unit for heating the combustible organic material in the carbonization chamber, and carbonizing the combustible organic material by heating the combustible organic material with the heating unit.
A carbonization apparatus comprising: an exhaust gas purification device having a water tank communicating with the carbonization chamber and having water stored therein; and an oxidant introduction device for introducing an oxidant into the water tank. In claim 1,
The water tank includes a main body part in which water is stored, a circulation passage through which both ends are connected to a part of the main body part and the other part, and the water in the main body part is circulated, and is provided in the middle of the circulation passage. And a cooling means for cooling the water flowing through the circulation passage. In claim 2,
The carbonization chamber and the oxidant introduction device communicate with the water tank in the circulation passage, and the circulation pump is interposed in the circulation passage at a communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. A carbonization processing apparatus, wherein the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage are located downstream of a communication portion between the oxidant introduction device and the circulation passage. In claim 3,
The carbonization chamber is communicated with the circulation passage by a communication passage communicating the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage.
The oxidant introduction device includes an oxidant generator that generates an oxidant, and an oxidant introduction passage that communicates the oxidant generator and the circulation passage.
An opening portion of the communication passage in a portion where the communication passage communicates with the circulation passage and an opening portion of the oxidant introduction passage in a portion where the oxidant introduction passage communicates with the circulation passage circulates in the circulation passage. A carbonization processing apparatus, characterized by being opened in a direction along a water flow direction. A method for treating exhaust gas generated when carbonizing a combustible organic substance by heating,
By introducing the gas into water mixed with an oxidant, water vapor in the gas is condensed into water, exhaust gas other than water vapor in the gas is condensed into a liquid state, and the oxidant is A method of treating by making a foam by acting and collecting the foam. In a carbonization apparatus comprising a carbonization chamber in which a combustible organic material is accommodated, and a heating unit for heating the combustible organic material in the carbonization chamber, and carbonizing the combustible organic material by heating the combustible organic material with the heating unit.
A discharge passage that includes one end opening and the other end opening, communicates with the carbonization chamber on the one end opening side, and discharges gas generated in the carbonization chamber by heating the combustible organic matter;
A condensing tank that condenses the gas introduced from the carbonization chamber through the discharge passage, and communicates with the other end opening side of the discharge passage;
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the other end opening is disposed so as to be in contact with the condensed water in the condensing tank. In claim 6,
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the other end opening is arranged to open downward. In any one of Claim 6 or 7,
The other end opening is installed at a position higher than the one end opening,
A carbonization treatment apparatus, wherein a reverse flow storage chamber is provided between the one end opening and the carbonization chamber to store a liquid that flows backward from the other end opening to the one end opening. In any one of Claims 6-8,
A carbonization apparatus further comprising a condensing tank heating means for heating the condensing tank. In claim 3,
A communication passage communicating the carbonization chamber and the circulation passage, a bypass passage communicating the upper portion of the main body and the communication passage, and a backflow prevention valve means interposed in the middle of the bypass passage. A carbonization apparatus characterized by further comprising.

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