JP2005068762A - Tunnel ventilation control system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress environmental deterioration caused by pollution of air in a tunnel, and to reduce operation costs, in terms of a tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point. <P>SOLUTION: A ventilation control device 22 computes a smoke point according to the traffic volume of vehicles 11 entering the tunnel 13, and a commercial vehicle traffic per day, and compares this smoke point with a switching smoke point which is set according to leakage from the tunnel 13 when the smoke point and the traffic volumes are in a maximum domain. When a smoke exhaustion point in the tunnel 13 is equivalent to/lower than the switching smoke point, a first ventilation method is selected; when the smoke exhaustion point is higher than the switching smoke point, a second ventilation means is selected; and a jet fan 16, an air-exhaust fan 20 and a dust collector 21 are controlled depending on each of the ventilation methods. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point for performing ventilation by controlling a jet fan or a dust collector provided in a road tunnel.

  In recent years, air pollution due to exhaust gas from automobiles has been remarkable, and particularly in road tunnels, exhaust gas tends to stay and environmental improvement is strongly desired. For this reason, conventionally, a jet fan and a dust collector are disposed inside in order to ensure safety by securing the driver's field of view and a favorable driving environment. Therefore, the air flow from the upstream side to the downstream side in the vehicle running direction is generated in the tunnel by the jet fan, and harmful dust such as dust, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) is generated from the air in the tunnel by the dust collector. Removing the material can improve the environment inside the road tunnel.

However, in a large urban area where automobile traffic is concentrated, deterioration of the surrounding environment due to leakage of a large amount of exhaust gas from the entrance and exit becomes a problem. Therefore, in the conventional tunnel ventilation device described above, in order not to discharge the contaminated air from the end portion of the tunnel, the amount of leakage of the contaminated air from the end portion of the tunnel is regulated by using the above-described jet fan and dust collector together. .
JP-A-7-324600

  However, the ventilator that regulates the leakage of contaminated air from the end of the tunnel needs to be operated with a jet fan and dust collector even when the traffic volume is very low. It was the target.

  The present invention solves such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation control method using a switching point that suppresses environmental deterioration due to contamination of air in the tunnel and reduces operating costs. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of the first aspect is the vehicle exhaust amount in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing ratio with respect to the vehicle traffic amount in the central exhaust tunnel ventilation facility. Based on the generated amount of smoke and the like in the tunnel based on the switching point, based on the switching point, exhaust gas is exhausted from one of the tunnel and a centralized exhaust ventilation system exhausting exhaust gas from the exhaust passage in the middle of the tunnel Control means for switching to the longitudinal flow ventilation system for exhausting is provided.

  In the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention according to claim 2, switching is performed based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing ratio with respect to the vehicle traffic. By calculating the point, it was provided in the tunnel tunnel from the centralized exhaust ventilation system that operates the blower and exhaust fan which are the second ventilation means provided in the exhaust passage in the tunnel and exhausts the polluted exhaust gas Control means for switching to a longitudinal ventilation system that exhausts contaminated exhaust gas by operating a blower that is a first ventilation means is provided.

  In the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention according to claim 3, the contamination state detecting means for detecting the amount of generation of smoke or the like includes a vehicle traffic volume in the tunnel and a large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic volume. Switching point calculation means for calculating a switching point based on the switching point, wherein the control means controls the first ventilation means and the second ventilation means based on the switching points.

  In the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 4, the control means, when the switching point is less than or equal to a preset switching point, the air in the tunnel from the upstream in the vehicle traveling direction As the longitudinal ventilation method for discharging to the downstream side, the operation is performed by controlling the ventilation of the traffic ventilation force or the blower of the first ventilation means provided in the tunnel tunnel, while the switching point is larger than the set switching point. In some cases, the second ventilation means is operated to discharge the pollutant in the tunnel from the middle of the tunnel, and the air in the tunnel is controlled to be discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage.

  In the tunnel ventilation control method using the switching point of the invention of claim 5, the contamination state detection means is an estimation means for estimating the amount of smoke, the amount of nitrogen oxides, the amount of carbon monoxide in the tunnel, The control means controls the concentrated exhaust ventilation means and the longitudinal flow ventilation means based on the contamination amount.

  In the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 6, the control means causes the air in the tunnel to flow from the upstream side in the vehicle traveling direction when the amount of contamination is equal to or less than a preset switching determination value. The longitudinal ventilation means is controlled so as to be discharged downstream, and when the amount of contamination is larger than the switching determination value, the concentrated exhaust ventilation means is activated and air in the tunnel is discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage. Thus, the longitudinal flow ventilation means is controlled as described above.

The tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 7 is a centralized exhaust tunnel ventilation system, in which smoke or the like in the tunnel is determined based on a vehicle traffic volume in the tunnel and a large vehicle mixing ratio with respect to the vehicle traffic volume. From the centralized exhaust ventilation system that operates the blower and exhaust fan, which are the second ventilation means provided in the exhaust passage in the tunnel, to exhaust the polluted exhaust gas by calculating the switching point based on the amount of generated Control means for switching to a longitudinal ventilation system that operates a blower that is a first ventilation means provided in a tunnel tunnel to exhaust polluted exhaust gas is provided, and the switching point is expressed by the following formula: switching point = traffic volume × { (1-Large vehicle contamination rate) x Small vehicle smoke generation
+ Large vehicle contamination rate x Large vehicle smoke generation}
It is calculated based on this.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the first aspect of the invention, switching is performed based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic. Since the point is calculated, the control means to switch between the centralized exhaust ventilation system that exhausts exhaust gas from the exhaust passage in the middle of the tunnel and the longitudinal ventilation system that exhausts exhaust gas from one side of the tunnel based on this switching point, When the air in the tunnel is not very polluted, ventilation that exhausts the internal air to the outside reduces the operating cost for air purification and increases the economic efficiency without greatly deteriorating the surrounding environment. On the other hand, when the air in the tunnel is contaminated and the environmental condition is bad, it is necessary to ventilate the exhausted air after purifying the contaminated air. The operating environment within Le while maintaining good not be discharged to the outside at one time a large amount of contaminated air, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the surrounding environment.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 2, switching is performed based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic. By calculating the point, it was provided in the tunnel tunnel from the centralized exhaust ventilation system that operates the blower and exhaust fan which are the second ventilation means provided in the exhaust passage in the tunnel and exhausts the polluted exhaust gas Control means to switch to the longitudinal ventilation system that operates the blower that is the first ventilation means to exhaust the polluted exhaust gas is provided, so when the air in the tunnel is not very polluted, the internal air is discharged to the outside By performing ventilation, the operating cost for air purification can be reduced and the economy can be improved without greatly deteriorating the surrounding environment. When air is polluted and the environmental conditions are bad, ventilation that exhausts outside after purifying the polluted air maintains a good operating environment in the tunnel and discharges a large amount of polluted air to the outside at once. The deterioration of the surrounding environment can be suppressed.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 3, the contamination state detection means for detecting the generation amount of smoke or the like is based on the vehicle traffic volume in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic volume. Switching point calculation means for calculating the switching point, and the control means controls the first ventilation means and the second ventilation means based on the switching point, so that the switching according to the type of vehicle having a different contamination frequency. By calculating the point, it is possible to detect the contamination state in the tunnel with high accuracy and appropriately switch between the first ventilation means and the second ventilation means, and reliably suppress deterioration of the surrounding environment.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 4, the control means allows the air in the tunnel to flow downstream from the upstream side in the vehicle traveling direction when the switching point is equal to or less than the preset switching point. As the longitudinal ventilation system that discharges to the side, the vehicle is operated by controlling ventilation of traffic ventilation or the blower of the first ventilation means provided in the tunnel tunnel, while the switching point is larger than the set switching point In order to discharge the pollutant in the tunnel more, the second ventilation means is operated and the air in the tunnel is controlled to be discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage, so that the contaminated air can be purified and discharged from the discharge passage. it can.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 5, the pollution state detection means is an estimation means for estimating the amount of smoke, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide in the tunnel, and the control means Has controlled the centralized exhaust ventilation means and the longitudinal flow ventilation means on the basis of the amount of contamination, so by directly estimating the cause of the contamination, the contamination state in the tunnel can be detected with high accuracy and the first ventilation. By appropriately controlling the means and the second ventilation means, it is possible to reliably suppress the deterioration of the surrounding environment.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the sixth aspect of the invention, the control means causes the air in the tunnel to flow from the upstream side in the vehicle traveling direction to the downstream side when the amount of contamination is equal to or less than a preset switching determination value. The vertical flow ventilation means is controlled so as to be discharged to the side, and when the amount of contamination is larger than the switching judgment value, the centralized exhaust ventilation means is operated and the air in the tunnel is discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage. Since the control is performed, it is possible to detect the contamination state in the tunnel with high accuracy and appropriately switch between the concentrated exhaust ventilation means and the longitudinal ventilation means, thereby reliably suppressing deterioration of the surrounding environment.

According to the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the invention of claim 7, switching is performed based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic. By calculating the point, it was provided in the tunnel tunnel from the centralized exhaust ventilation system that operates the blower and exhaust fan which are the second ventilation means provided in the exhaust passage in the tunnel and exhausts the polluted exhaust gas A control means for switching to a longitudinal ventilation system that exhausts exhausted exhaust gas by operating a blower that is a first ventilation means is provided.
Switching point = Traffic volume x {(1-Large car mix rate) x Small vehicle smoke generation
+ Large vehicle contamination rate x Large vehicle smoke generation}
Therefore, when the air in the tunnel is not very polluted, ventilation for exhausting the internal air to the outside can be used for air purification without greatly deteriorating the surrounding environment. While operating costs can be reduced and the economy can be improved, when the air in the tunnel is contaminated and the environmental conditions are poor, the operation is performed in the tunnel by purifying the contaminated air and then venting it to the outside. While maintaining a good environment, a large amount of polluted air is not discharged to the outside at once, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the surrounding environment, and properly grasp the air pollution status in the tunnel as a switching point can do.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  In the tunnel ventilation control apparatus according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a tunnel 13 having a predetermined length is provided in the middle of a road 12 on which a vehicle 11 travels. The tunnel 13 is a one-way section in which the vehicle 11 enters from the left entrance portion 14 and exits from the right exit portion 15 in FIG. 1, and the vehicle 11 is adjacent to the road 12 and the tunnel 13. There are roads and tunnels (not shown) that can travel in the opposite direction.

  A plurality of jet fans (blower fans) 16 are attached to the ceiling portion of the tunnel 13 at a predetermined interval. The jet fan 16 can be driven forward and backward by a drive motor (not shown), and can flow the air in the tunnel 13 upstream or downstream in the vehicle traveling direction. Further, an exhaust duct (exhaust passage) 17 is provided above the tunnel 13, and one end communicates with an opening 18 formed in a ceiling portion on the downstream side in the vehicle traveling direction in the tunnel 13, and at the other end. An atmospheric opening 19 is formed, and an exhaust fan 20 and a dust collector 21 are attached to the atmospheric opening 19.

  This exhaust fan 20 is for sucking the air (automobile exhaust gas) in the tunnel 13 from the opening 18 to the exhaust duct 17, and the dust collector 21 is harmful from the air sucked into the exhaust duct 17 such as dust. The substance is collected and removed, such as a filtration filter or an electric dust collector.

  And in the tunnel ventilation control apparatus of a present Example, the ventilation control apparatus 22 is based on the smoke point (switching point) calculated from the vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13, and a large vehicle mixing rate, the jet fan 16, exhaust air The tunnel ventilation method can be changed by controlling the fan 20 and the dust collector 21.

  That is, the longitudinal ventilation method as the first ventilation method is represented by a white arrow in FIG. 1, and each jet fan 16 is combined with the air flowing toward the exit portion 15 side of the tunnel 13 by the traveling vehicle 11. By driving forward, the air in the tunnel 13 flows to the downstream side in the traveling direction of the vehicle 11, so that the air is discharged from the outlet portion 15, while external air is taken in from the inlet portion 14 on the upstream side. This first ventilation method is applied when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is relatively small and the air pollution is not so bad, and the exhaust gas stays by simply discharging the contaminated air in the tunnel 13 to the outside. Is suppressed.

  Further, the concentrated exhaust ventilation system as the second ventilation method is represented by switching the white arrow in FIG. 1 to the black arrow, and counters the air flowing to the exit 15 side of the tunnel 13 by the traveling vehicle 11. Then, each jet fan 16 is driven in the reverse direction so that the air in the tunnel 13 flows toward the center, that is, the internal air is prevented from exiting from the outlet 15 and the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 are driven to tunnel. By sucking the air inside the exhaust duct 17 from the opening 18 to the exhaust duct 17, harmful substances are collected and removed from the sucked contaminated air by the dust collector 21, and the clean air is discharged from the atmospheric opening 19 to the outside. External air is taken in from the inlet portion 14 and the outlet portion 15. This second ventilation method is applied when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is large and the air pollution state is bad. After purifying the contaminated air in the tunnel 13 and discharging it outside, a large amount of contaminated air is discharged. Collective discharge is prevented.

  The ventilation control device 22 includes a smoke point calculation unit (contamination state detection means, smoke point calculation means) 23, a switching determination unit (control means) 24, and a switching operation unit 25. The smoke point calculation unit 23 calculates a smoke point based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic, and a traffic volume measurement sensor 26 is provided at the entrance 14 of the tunnel 13. Is provided. Accordingly, the traffic measurement sensor 26 counts the total traffic volume and the large vehicle traffic volume in the vehicle 11 entering the tunnel 13 and transmits the measurement data to the smoke point calculation unit 23. The smoke point calculation unit 23 And calculate the soot point based on the following formula.

Smoke point = Traffic volume x {(1-Large car mix rate) x Small car smoke generation
+ Large vehicle contamination rate x Large vehicle smoke generation}
Here, the traffic volume is the number of vehicles traveling per unit of time (units / h), and the large vehicle mixing rate is the ratio of the number of large vehicles traveling to the number of vehicles traveling per unit of time. The amount of smoke and the amount of smoke generated from a large vehicle is the amount of smoke (m ² / km · Veh) emitted when a small vehicle or large vehicle travels a predetermined distance. In general, the average value of the amount of smoke generated from a small vehicle is 0 .2. The average value of large vehicle smoke generation is set at 2.2.

  The switching determination unit 24 compares the soot point calculated by the soot point calculation unit 23 with a preset switching soot point, and switches between the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method based on the magnitude comparison. This switching smoke point is set based on the amount of smoke leaked from the exit 15 of the tunnel 13 when the traffic volume of the vehicle 11 in the tunnel 13 is assumed.

That is, in the second ventilation method described above, the air in the tunnel 13 flows to the center side, is sucked into the exhaust duct 17, is purified by the dust collector 21, and is discharged to the outside. Since the air is taken in, the air in the tunnel 13 can be sufficiently purified when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is large and the pollution state is bad. However, since the vehicle 11 always travels in the tunnel 13 and a traveling wind toward the exit 15 is generated, even in the second ventilation method, a part of the contaminated air in the tunnel is discharged from the exit 15. Leaking and spreading. Accordingly, the amount of smoke leaking out is calculated in a time zone in which the traffic of the vehicle 11 in the tunnel 13 is high, and a switching determination value is set based on the amount of smoke leaking. That is, when the traffic volume is 1461 (vehicles / h) and the large vehicle mixture rate is 27.1% from the measurement data at a time when the traffic volume of the vehicle 11 is high, for example, from 14:00 to 15:00,
Smoke point = 1461 x {(1-0.271) x 0.2 +0.271 x 2.2 ≒ 1084
It becomes. Since the leakage rate from the outlet 15 at this time is about 28.0%, the soot point corresponding to this soot leakage amount is 1084 × 0.28 = 303.52, and the switching soot point can be set to about 300.

  Therefore, when the traffic volume of the tunnel 13 is large and the pollution state is bad, the smoke amount corresponding to the smoke point 300 leaks to the outside, and the switching determination unit 24 determines that the smoke point in the tunnel 13 When the smoke point (300) or less, the first ventilation method is selected, and when the smoke point is larger than the switching smoke point, the second ventilation means is selected.

  And the switching operation part 25 controls the jet fan 16, the exhaust fan 20, and the dust collector 21 corresponding to the 1st ventilation method or the 2nd ventilation method which the switching determination part 24 selected.

  In the tunnel ventilation control device of the present embodiment configured as described above, the ventilation control device 22 calculates the smoke point based on the traffic volume of the vehicle 11 entering the tunnel 13 and the traffic volume of the large vehicle, and the smoke point and traffic volume. Compared with the switching smoke point (setting switching point) set based on the amount of smoke leakage from the tunnel 13 when the traffic volume is assumed to be, if the smoke point in the tunnel 13 is less than this switching smoke point When the first ventilation method is selected and larger, the second ventilation means is selected, and the jet fan 16, the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 are controlled corresponding to each ventilation method.

  That is, when the smoke point in the tunnel 13 is less than or equal to the switching smoke point, it means that the air in the tunnel 13 is not very polluted, and each jet fan 16 is driven forward to exit the air in the tunnel 13. While discharging from the portion 15, external air is taken in from the inlet portion 14 to suppress the retention of contaminated air in the tunnel 13. In this case, since the number of vehicles 11 traveling in the tunnel 13 is small, the amount of exhaust gas discharged is also small, and the surrounding environment is not deteriorated even if discharged outside without performing the purification process. It is not necessary to drive the motor 21 as well, so that the operating cost can be reduced and the economy can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the smoke point in the tunnel 13 is larger than the switching smoke point, it is determined that the air in the tunnel 13 is contaminated and the environmental condition is not good. The air in the tunnel 13 flows to the center side, the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 are driven, the air in the tunnel 13 is sucked into the exhaust duct 17 from the opening 18, and harmful substances are collected and removed by the dust collector 21 to the outside. While discharging, outside air is taken in from the inlet 14 and outlet 15 of the tunnel 13 to purify the contaminated air in the tunnel 13. For this reason, exhaust gas discharged from a large number of vehicles 11 traveling in the tunnel 13 is purified before being discharged, so that the operating environment in the tunnel 13 can be maintained favorably while a large amount containing dust and the like. The contaminated air is not discharged to the outside, and deterioration of the surrounding environment can be suppressed.

  Therefore, in the daytime hours when there is a lot of traffic in the tunnel 13, especially in the morning, evening, and night hours when large vehicles are mixed, the operating environment is improved by purifying the exhaust gas in the tunnel 13 Can be maintained at a low traffic volume in the tunnel 13 and at the time when the highway is shortly constructed, the exhaust environment in the tunnel 13 is so small that the surrounding environment is greatly increased even if discharged outside. The operating cost can be reduced. Then, by performing switching determination based on the smoke point corresponding to the vehicle type in which the amount of smoke discharged differs, it is possible to detect the contamination state of the tunnel 13 with high accuracy and to perform appropriate switching control.

  In the above-described embodiment, the switching smoke point set for switching between the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method changes according to the usage environment of the tunnel 13, and the traffic volume of the tunnel in advance, It is necessary to set an appropriate switching smoke point for the tunnel environment by measuring the mixing ratio of large vehicles, the smoke leakage rate (amount), and the like.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of a tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member which has the same function as what was demonstrated in the Example mentioned above, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the tunnel ventilation control apparatus according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the ventilation control apparatus 31 controls the jet fan 16, the exhaust fan 20, and the dust collector 21 based on the measured or estimated amount of smoke in the tunnel 13. The tunnel ventilation method can be changed.

  That is, the first ventilation method is represented by a white arrow in FIG. 1, and each jet fan 16 is driven to rotate forward together with the air flowing toward the exit portion 15 side of the tunnel 13 by the traveling vehicle 11. The internal air flows to the downstream side in the traveling direction of the vehicle 11, thereby discharging the air from the outlet portion 15, while taking in external air from the upstream inlet portion 14. This first ventilation method is applied when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is relatively small and the air pollution is not so bad, and the exhaust gas stays by simply discharging the contaminated air in the tunnel 13 to the outside. Is suppressed.

  Further, the second ventilation method is represented by switching the white arrow in FIG. 1 to the black arrow, and each jet fan 16 is opposed to the air flowing to the exit 15 side of the tunnel 13 by the traveling vehicle 11. Driving in the reverse direction causes the air in the tunnel 13 to flow to the center side, that is, prevents the internal air from exiting from the outlet 15, and drives the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 to open the air in the tunnel 13 to the opening By sucking from 18 to the exhaust duct 17, the dust collector 21 collects and removes harmful substances from the sucked contaminated air and discharges clean air to the outside from the atmospheric opening 19, while the inlet 14 and outlet of the tunnel 13. Intake external air from 15. This second ventilation method is applied when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is large and the air pollution is bad, and after purifying the contaminated air in the tunnel 13 and discharging it to the outside, a large amount of contaminated air is discharged. Collective discharge is prevented.

  The ventilation control device 31 includes a ventilation switching determination unit (control means) 32 and a switching operation unit 33. The ventilation switching determination unit 32 compares the smoke amount (contamination amount) in the tunnel 13 with a preset switching determination value, and switches between the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method based on the magnitude comparison. Therefore, a plurality of smoke transmission sensors (contamination state detection means, smoke amount detection means) 34 for measuring the amount of smoke inside the tunnel 13 are provided. The smoke transmission sensor 34 projects light forward in the tunnel 13 to measure the amount of light at a predetermined distance (for example, 100 m) from the installation position, and calculates the transmittance from the measured amount of light. Is. The amount of soot in the tunnel 13 is the amount of suspended particulate matter such as soot dust and diesel black smoke contained in the automobile exhaust gas, and the transmittance in the tunnel 13 decreases as the amount of suspended particulate matter increases. Since the amount of smoke in the tunnel 13 has a correlation with this transmittance, the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method are switched based on the smoke transmission rate.

  In this case, the ventilation switching determination unit 32 switches the ventilation method by comparing the smoke transmission rate in the tunnel 13 with the switching determination value. This switching determination value is determined by the vehicle 11 in the tunnel 13. It is set based on the amount of smoke leaked from the exit 15 of the tunnel 13 when the traffic volume is assumed to be a traffic volume.

That is, in the second ventilation method described above, the air in the tunnel 13 flows to the center side, is sucked into the exhaust duct 17, is purified by the dust collector 21, and is discharged to the outside. Since the air is taken in, the air in the tunnel 13 can be sufficiently purified when the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel 13 is large and the pollution state is bad. However, since the vehicle 11 always travels in the tunnel 13 and a traveling wind toward the exit 15 is generated, even in the second ventilation method, a part of the contaminated air in the tunnel is discharged from the exit 15. Leaking and spreading. Therefore, it is measured how much smoke leaks in the time zone when the traffic volume of the vehicle 11 in the tunnel 13 is high, and a switching determination value is set based on this smoke leak amount. That is, if the total smoke emission amount is 0.178 m ² / s and the smoke leakage rate is 28.0% based on the measurement data at a time when the vehicle 11 has a large traffic volume, for example, 14:00 to 15:00, the smoke from the exit 15 The leakage amount is about 0.05 m ² / s. As described above, since the smoke amount and the transmittance are correlated, the smoke transmittance corresponding to the smoke leakage amount is obtained and set as a switching determination value.

  Therefore, when the traffic volume of the tunnel 13 is large and the pollution state is bad, the amount of soot corresponding to the switching determination value (smoke transmission rate) leaks to the outside, and the ventilation switching determination unit 32 When the smoke transmission rate in the tunnel 13 measured by the rate sensor 34 is less than or equal to this switching determination value, the first ventilation method is selected, and when the smoke transmission rate is greater than this switching determination value, the second ventilation means is selected. I am doing so.

  And the switching operation part 33 controls the jet fan 16, the exhaust fan 20, and the dust collector 21 corresponding to the 1st ventilation method or the 2nd ventilation method which the ventilation switching determination part 32 selected.

  In the tunnel ventilation control apparatus of the present embodiment configured as described above, the smoke transmission rate sensor 34 measures the smoke transmission rate in the tunnel 13, and the conditions under which the smoke transmission rate and the traffic volume in the tunnel 13 are assumed. Compared to the switching judgment value (smoke permeability) set based on the amount of soot leakage at the time of traffic, if the soot permeability in the tunnel 13 is less than this switching judgment value, select the first ventilation method If it is larger, the second ventilation means is selected, and the jet fan 16, the exhaust fan 20, and the dust collector 21 are controlled corresponding to each ventilation method.

  That is, when the smoke transmission rate in the tunnel 13 is equal to or lower than the switching determination value, the air in the tunnel 13 is not very polluted. While discharging from the outlet portion 15, external air is taken in from the inlet portion 14 to suppress the retention of contaminated air in the tunnel 13. In this case, since the number of vehicles 11 traveling in the tunnel 13 is small, the amount of exhaust gas discharged is small, and even if the exhaust air is discharged outside without performing the purification process, the surrounding environment is not greatly deteriorated, and the exhaust fan 20 Further, it becomes unnecessary to drive the dust collector 21 and the operation cost can be reduced and the economy can be improved.

  On the other hand, when the smoke transmission rate in the tunnel 13 is larger than the switching determination value, it is determined that the air in the tunnel 13 is contaminated and the environmental condition is bad. The air inside the tunnel 13 flows toward the center, the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 are driven, the air inside the tunnel 13 is sucked into the exhaust duct 17 from the opening 18, and harmful substances are collected and removed by the dust collector 21. On the other hand, outside air is taken in from the inlet portion 14 and the outlet portion 15 of the tunnel 13 to purify contaminated air in the tunnel 13. For this reason, exhaust gas discharged from a large number of vehicles 11 traveling in the tunnel 13 is purified before being discharged, so that the operating environment in the tunnel 13 can be maintained favorably while a large amount containing dust and the like. The contaminated air is not discharged to the outside, and deterioration of the surrounding environment can be suppressed.

  Therefore, in the daytime hours when there is a lot of traffic in the tunnel 13, especially in the morning, evening, and night hours when large vehicles are mixed, the operating environment is improved by purifying the exhaust gas in the tunnel 13 Can be maintained at a low traffic volume in the tunnel 13 and at the time when the highway is shortly constructed, the exhaust environment in the tunnel 13 is so small that the surrounding environment is greatly increased even if discharged outside. The operating cost can be reduced. Then, by directly measuring the amount of smoke that is the cause of contamination in the tunnel 13 and determining switching, the contamination state of the tunnel 13 can be detected with high accuracy and appropriate switching control can be performed.

  In the above-described embodiment, the switching determination value set for switching between the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method changes according to the use environment of the tunnel 13, and the traffic volume of the tunnel in advance, It is necessary to set an appropriate switching judgment value for the tunnel environment by measuring the smoke leakage rate (amount), the transmittance, and the like.

  Moreover, although the smoke transmission rate sensor 34 is provided as the smoke amount detection means, the present invention is not limited to this, and a CO sensor, a NOx sensor, or the like may be used. The amount of smoke in the tunnel 13 depends on the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the automobile, and this automobile exhaust gas contains CO (carbon monoxide) and NOx (nitrogen oxide). When the amount increases, this CO and NOx also increase, and the amount of smoke in the tunnel 13 is correlated with this CO and NOx, so that it is based on the detection values (CO amount and NOx amount) of the CO sensor and NOx sensor. The first ventilation method and the second ventilation method may be switched. In this case, the smoke transmission sensor 34, the CO sensor, and the NOx sensor may be used in combination. Alternatively, a soot filter may be installed in the tunnel 13 to directly measure the amount of smoke per unit time.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of a tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

  In the tunnel ventilation control device of the third embodiment, the smoke amount in the tunnel 13 is estimated as the smoke amount detection means instead of the smoke transmission rate sensor 25 that directly measures the smoke amount as described above. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the return air control apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a traffic volume measurement unit 41, a pollutant generation amount prediction unit 42, a carry-in air amount calculation unit 43, a pollutant concentration calculation unit (contamination state detection Means) 44 and a switching determination unit (control means) 45.

  The traffic volume measuring unit 41 measures the number and speed of vehicles entering the tunnel and the ratio of large and small, and calculates the amount of staying of the vehicle according to Formula 1 (number of vehicles entering x tunnel length / vehicle speed). . The pollutant generation amount predicting unit 42 predicts the pollutant generation amount in the tunnel from the staying amount of the vehicle calculated by the traffic volume measuring unit 41. Also, the air amount calculation unit 43 calculates the amount of air brought into the tunnel by the vehicle according to Formula 2 (number of vehicles entering × speed). The pollutant concentration calculation unit 44 calculates the pollutant concentration from the material balance of inflow air, exhaust, and pollutants based on the pollutant generation amount and the amount of air brought in.

  Then, the switching determination unit 45 switches between the first ventilation method and the second ventilation method described above in comparison with the switching determination value based on the predicted contaminant concentration. In this case, at least an air amount corresponding to the amount of air brought in may be discharged. In addition, it is desirable that the carry-in air amount calculation unit 43 considers the ventilation amount by the jet fan in consideration of the natural inflow amount into the tunnel due to the outside air wind speed. In addition, the traffic volume measuring unit 41 identifies whether the vehicle entering the tunnel is large or small, and the pollutant generation amount prediction unit 42 and the brought-in air amount calculation unit 43 take this into account to generate pollutants. The amount and the amount of air brought in may be estimated. Further, the traffic volume measuring unit 41 may set the traffic volume and the large / small types according to the day of the week or the season and set them appropriately.

  Also, assuming that the pollutant is diffused and mixed throughout the tunnel, the pollutant generation amount prediction unit 42 calculates the pollutant concentration in the exhaust from the inflow air, exhaust, and pollutant material balance. The unit 45 may switch or stop the ventilation method based on the pollutant generation amount obtained by the pollutant generation amount prediction unit 42.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the three jet fans 16 are provided in the tunnel 13 and the exhaust fan 20 and the dust collector 21 are provided in one exhaust duct 17, but the number of jet fans 16 is the total length of the tunnel 13. An appropriate number may be installed according to the diameter, traffic volume, or performance, and a plurality of exhaust ducts 17 are provided, and an appropriate number of exhaust fans 20 and dust collectors 21 are provided corresponding to each exhaust duct 17. Further, the installation positions of the exhaust duct 17, the exhaust fan 20, and the dust collector 21 may be set as appropriate according to the tunnel environment.

  Moreover, the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point of the present invention is not limited to one-way traffic and face-to-face traffic, and there may be a branch portion or a merge portion in the middle.

It is a schematic block diagram of the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a block block diagram of the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 Vehicle 12 Road 13 Tunnel 14 Entrance 15 Exit 16 Jet Fan (Blower Fan)
17 Exhaust duct (exhaust passage)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 18 Opening part 19 Atmospheric opening part 20 Exhaust fan 21 Dust collector 22 Ventilation control device 23 Smoke point calculation part (contamination state detection means, smoke point calculation means)
24 switching determination part (control means)
25 switching operation unit 26 traffic measurement sensor 31 ventilation control device 32 switching determination unit (control means)
33 Switching operation part 34 Smoke permeability sensor (contamination state detection means, smoke amount detection means)
41 Traffic volume measuring unit 42 Pollutant generation amount predicting unit 43 Air flow amount calculating unit 44 Contaminant concentration calculating unit (contamination state detecting means)
45 Switching judgment part (control means)

Claims (7)

  In a centralized exhaust tunnel ventilation facility, a switching point is calculated based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the rate of mixing large vehicles with respect to the vehicle traffic, and based on the switching point A tunnel using a switching point, characterized by comprising control means for switching between a centralized exhaust ventilation system that exhausts exhaust gas from an exhaust passage in the middle of the tunnel and a vertical flow ventilation system that exhausts exhaust gas from one of the tunnels Ventilation control method.   In a centralized exhaust tunnel ventilation facility, by calculating a switching point based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic, Operate the blower, which is the first ventilation means provided in the tunnel tunnel, from the centralized exhaust ventilation system which exhausts the polluted exhaust gas by operating the blower and exhaust fan provided in the discharge passage. A tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point, characterized in that a control means for switching to a vertical flow ventilation system for exhausting exhaust gas polluted by air is provided.   3. The tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point according to claim 2, wherein the contamination state detecting means for detecting the amount of smoke generated is a vehicle traffic amount in the tunnel and a large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic amount. Switching point calculation means for calculating a switching point based on the switching point, wherein the control means uses the switching point to control the first ventilation means and the second ventilation means based on the switching point. Tunnel ventilation control system.   3. The tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point according to claim 2, wherein the control means reduces the air in the tunnel from the upstream side in the vehicle traveling direction when the switching point is equal to or lower than a preset switching point. When the switching point is larger than the set switching point while the longitudinal flow ventilation is discharged to the side and the vehicle is operated by controlling the ventilation of the traffic ventilation force or the blower of the first ventilation means provided in the tunnel tunnel Used a switching point characterized in that the second ventilation means is operated to discharge pollutants in the tunnel from the middle of the tunnel, and the air in the tunnel is controlled to be discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage. Tunnel ventilation control system.   In the tunnel ventilation control system using the switching point according to claim 3, the contamination state detection means is an estimation means for estimating the amount of smoke, nitrogen oxide amount, carbon monoxide amount in the tunnel, A tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point, wherein the control means controls the concentrated exhaust ventilation means and the longitudinal flow ventilation means based on the amount of contamination.   6. The tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point according to claim 5, wherein the control means reduces the air in the tunnel from the upstream side in the vehicle traveling direction to the downstream side when the amount of contamination is equal to or less than a preset switching determination value. The longitudinal flow ventilation means is controlled so as to be discharged to the side, and when the amount of contamination is larger than the switching determination value, the concentrated exhaust ventilation means is operated and the air in the tunnel is discharged in the direction of the exhaust passage. A tunnel ventilation control system using a switching point, wherein the longitudinal flow ventilation means is controlled. In a centralized exhaust tunnel ventilation facility, by calculating a switching point based on the amount of smoke generated in the tunnel based on the amount of vehicle traffic in the tunnel and the large vehicle mixing rate with respect to the vehicle traffic, Operate the blower, which is the first ventilation means provided in the tunnel tunnel, from the centralized exhaust ventilation system which exhausts the polluted exhaust gas by operating the blower and exhaust fan provided in the discharge passage. Control means for switching to a longitudinal ventilation system for exhausting exhaust gas contaminated by the above is provided, and the switching point is represented by the following formula: switching point = traffic volume × {(1−large vehicle mixing ratio) × small vehicle smoke generation amount
+ Large vehicle contamination rate x Large vehicle smoke generation}
A tunnel ventilation control method using a switching point, which is calculated based on the above.

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