JP2005054364A - Protection method for blasting or the like, tunnel excavation method and protection device for blasting or the like - Google Patents

Protection method for blasting or the like, tunnel excavation method and protection device for blasting or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005054364A
JP2005054364A JP2003205454A JP2003205454A JP2005054364A JP 2005054364 A JP2005054364 A JP 2005054364A JP 2003205454 A JP2003205454 A JP 2003205454A JP 2003205454 A JP2003205454 A JP 2003205454A JP 2005054364 A JP2005054364 A JP 2005054364A
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Prior art keywords
protective device
blasting
fluid
protection
protection device
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JP2003205454A
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JP3818985B2 (en
Inventor
Akio Hachinohe
戸 朗 夫 八
Yoshinori Taguchi
口 芳 範 田
Takashi Saito
藤 貴 齋
Takashi Anazawa
澤 隆 穴
Noboru Kaihara
原 登 貝
Masahiko Kobayashi
林 雅 彦 小
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AIR BUILDER KK
ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO Ltd
Toko Inc
East Japan Railway Co
Tekken Corp
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AIR BUILDER KK
ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO Ltd
Toko Inc
East Japan Railway Co
Tekken Corp
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Application filed by AIR BUILDER KK, ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY, ITOCHU CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO Ltd, Toko Inc, East Japan Railway Co, Tekken Corp filed Critical AIR BUILDER KK
Priority to JP2003205454A priority Critical patent/JP3818985B2/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a protection method for blasting or the like, a tunnel excavation method and a protection device for blasting or the like, for example, capable of being suitable for excavating a mountain tunnel, safely evacuating a slippage processing machine to a position near to the protection device in the case a cutting face is blasted, quickly and rationally carrying out slippage processing, improving the cycle time, at the same time, obtaining the good adhesion effectiveness of the protection device even at various construction sites, surely preventing the leakage of dense powder dust or the like after the blasting, preventing the deterioration of a working environment, being made to correspond to the new construction of a tunnel or the widening or the like of the existing tunnel, rationally and quickly excavating the tunnel, shortening a construction period of time as well as the reduction of a construction cost, at the same time, making lightweight and compact design with a simple constitution as well as the facilitation of dealing at a low cost and making easily and quickly installation and withdrawal. <P>SOLUTION: The protection method for blasting or the like is so constituted that the protection device 10 is installed by separating from a blasting section. The approximately bag-like flexible protection device 10 capable of filling fluid is conveyed to a predetermined position. The protection device 10 is filled with the fluid and is installed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば山岳トンネルの掘削に好適で、切羽の爆破時に防護装置の近接位置にずり処理機等を安全に退避させ、ずり処理を迅速かつ合理的に行なえ、そのサイクルタイムの向上を図れるとともに、種々の施工現場でも防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、発破後の濃密な粉塵等の漏出を確実に阻止して、作業環境の劣化を防止し、トンネルの新設または既設トンネルの拡幅等に応じられ、トンネルを合理的かつ迅速に掘削し、工期の短縮化と工費の低減を図れるとともに、構成が簡単で小形軽量かつ安価で取り扱い易く、しかも設置や撤去を容易かつ速やかに行なえる、発破等の防護方法およびトンネル掘削方法並びに発破等の防護装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば山岳トンネルの掘削は、一般に爆破方式で行なわれ、切羽を爆破し、切り崩した岩石や土砂を坑外へ搬出するようにしている。 そして、前記発破時には飛石や粉塵の流出を防止し、また騒音対策上から、剛性の防護壁ないし防音壁、または吸音性の充填物を填充した布袋を積み上げて構成した防護壁ないし防音壁を坑口に設置していた(例えば、特許文献1および2参照)。
【0003】
しかし、この従来のものは部品点数が多く、構成が複雑になる上に、その設置や撤去に手間が掛かり、また発破時には飛石や粉塵が切羽と防護壁の間に広く分散するため、この後のずり処理に手間が掛かるという、問題があった。特に、この問題はトンネルの掘削作業が進み、坑内が長くなるにつれて、作業能率の低下が顕著になっていた。
【0004】
一方、前記発破時には、坑内に配置した全ての重機類を切羽から離間させて坑口側に退避させ、発破後、前記重機類をずり位置へ移動し、若しくはずり方向へ移動させて設置し、ずり処理するようにしていた(例えば、特許文献3参照)。
【0005】
しかし、この従来の方法は、前記防護壁を設置することなく発破しているため、発破による飛石や粉塵が広く分散し、危険で重機類が破損する惧れがあった。
そこで、重機類を切羽から十分に離間して退避させると、発破後の重機類の移動やずり処理に手間が掛かって効率が悪く、また濃密な粉塵の下での作業を強いられる、等の問題があった。
【0006】
このような問題を解決するものとして、長尺で堅牢なプロテクタを坑内に移動可能に設け、該プロテクタ内に車両を通行可能にし、活線施工可能にする一方、前記プロテクタを発破前に坑内に移動し、その所定部を新旧トンネルの拡幅部である発破部に位置付け、前記発破部を挟む新旧トンネルに前後方防護隔壁を離間して設置し、これら前後方防護隔壁の上端部を新旧トンネルの内壁に密着させて、プロテクタ外周と新旧トンネルの内壁と前後方防護隔壁との間の発破包囲部を閉塞後、発破するようにしたトンネルの拡幅方法がある(例えば、特許文献4参照)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
登録実用新案第3035370号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平7−279599号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平11−173079号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2000−345788号公報
【0008】
しかし、この従来の方法は、プロテクタや前後方防護隔壁を要して構成が複雑で大形重量化し、高価であるとともに、それらの設置や撤去に手間が掛かり、しかも前方防護隔壁の上端部のカバ−を、比較的平滑な覆工コンクリ−ト内壁に押し当てて密着効果を得ているため、例えばトンネル新設時の掘削部には所定の密着効果が得られず、濃密な粉塵等が坑内に漏れ出して作業環境が劣化する問題があり、また発破包囲部に位置するプロテクタの上部が発破部の至近距離に位置するため、前記プロテクタの上部が飛石によって破損する惧れがあり、その強度や寿命、安全性等に不安があった。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はこのような問題を解決し、例えば山岳トンネルの掘削に好適で、切羽の爆破時に防護装置の近接位置にずり処理機等を安全に退避させ、ずり処理を迅速かつ合理的に行なえ、そのサイクルタイムの向上を図れるとともに、種々の施工現場でも防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、発破後の濃密な粉塵等の漏出を確実に阻止して、作業環境の劣化を防止し、トンネルの新設または既設トンネルの拡幅等に応じられ、トンネルを合理的かつ迅速に掘削し、工期の短縮化と工費の低減を図れるとともに、構成が簡単で小形軽量かつ安価で取り扱い易く、しかも設置や撤去を容易かつ速やかに行なえる、発破等の防護方法およびトンネル掘削方法並びに発破等の防護装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このため、請求項1の発明は、爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置する発破等の防護方法において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置し、構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
請求項2の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にして、撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図るようにしている。
【0011】
請求項3の発明は、地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内部に前記防護装置を搬送し、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着させ、地山や構造物に対する設置や利用を図れるとともに、凹凸状の掘削部や平滑面に対しても防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
【0012】
請求項4の発明は、前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にし、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
請求項5の発明は、爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動させ、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止するようにしている。
請求項6の発明は、前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にして、防護装置に緩衝作用を持たせ、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止するようにしている。
【0013】
請求項7の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にし、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成させ、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得られるようにしている。
請求項8の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着し、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境を回復するとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なえるようにしている
請求項9の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気であり、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られるようにしている。
【0014】
請求項10の発明は、爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置し、前記爆破部と防護装置との間を略密閉するトンネル掘削方法において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置し、防護装置の構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、施工現場へ簡単に持ち運んで設置でき、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消するとともに、トンネルの新設や拡幅等の多様な設置条件に対応可能にしている。
請求項11の発明は、前記防護装置を、掘削後の吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部に設置し、凹凸状の掘削部等に対し容易かつ良好な密着作用を得られ、新設トンネルの施工に好適にしている。
【0015】
請求項12の発明は、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部内面に略気密に密着させ、凹凸状の掘削部内面等に容易かつ良好な密着作用を得られ、新設トンネルの施工に好適であるとともに、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止するようにしている。
請求項13の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去するようにして、防護装置の撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図るようにしている。
請求項14の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にし、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成させ、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得られるようにしている。
【0016】
請求項15の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着し、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境を回復させるとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なえるようにしている。
請求項16の発明は、前記防護装置の近接位置に、ずり処理機等を退避させ、ずり処理機等の安全を確保するとともに、それらのずりまでの移動時間を短縮化し、ずり処理の合理化と迅速化を図り、そのサイクルタイムを向上するようにしている。
請求項17の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気であり、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られるようにしている。
【0017】
請求項18の発明は、爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置する発破等の防護装置において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を設け、該防護装置に流体を充填して所定位置に設置可能にし、構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
請求項19の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にして、撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図るようにしている。
【0018】
請求項20の発明は、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を、地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着可能にし、地山や構造物に対する設置や利用を図れるとともに、凹凸状の掘削部や平滑面に対しても防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
請求項21の発明は、前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にし、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止するとともに、多様な設置条件に応じられるようにしている。
【0019】
請求項22の発明は、爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動可能にし、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止するようにしている。
請求項23の発明は、前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にして、防護装置に緩衝作用を持たせ、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止するようにしている。
【0020】
請求項24の発明は、前記防護装置内部を単一の室で構成し、構成を簡潔にし、これを安価かつ容易に製作し得るようにしている。
請求項25の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にし、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成させ、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得られるようにしている。
請求項26の発明は、前記防護装置を、強靭かつ軽量で柔軟な繊維によって構成し、防護装置の小形軽量化と取り扱いの容易化を図り、これを安価に製作できるとともに、過酷な設置条件下での使用に耐えられるようにしている。
【0021】
請求項27の発明は、前記防護装置を、フロントウォ−ルおよびサイドウォ−ルと、高強度かつ高弾性のリアウォ−ルとで構成し、前記フロントウォ−ルとリアウォ−ルとの外周縁の間にサイドウォ−ルを配置し、前記リアウォ−ルを爆破位置側に対向配置し、前記サイドウォ−ルを設置部に接触可能にし、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等に前記リアウォ−ルを対応させ、掘削部等の接触に前記サイドウォ−ルを対応させて、防護装置の所期の効果を確保するようにしている。
【0022】
請求項28の発明は、前記サイドウォ−ルに単一または複数の凸部を形成し、該凸部を設置面に接触可能にして、凸部と設置面との接触面積を増加し、その密着効果と設置の安定化を向上するようにしている。
請求項29の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、前記防護装置の内部と連通しない排気口を貫通形成し、該排気口に少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着可能にし、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境の回復を図るとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なえるようにしている。
【0023】
請求項30の発明は、前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、略マット状若しくは板状に形成し、流体充填後の体積のコンパクト化を図り、その設置面積ないし設置スペ−スのコンパクト化を図るとともに、流体の充填量を減量し、設置の迅速化を図るようにしている。
請求項31の発明は、前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、球体、楕円体、異形の立体に形成し、設置姿勢の自由度と設置の容易化を得られるようにしている
請求項32の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気で、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られるようにしている。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を発破掘削方式による山岳トンネルの掘削に適用した図示の実施形態について説明すると、図1乃至図17において1は地山2を略馬蹄形断面形状に掘削した単線鉄道用のトンネルで、その掘削部の内壁、つまり両側壁と天端部に薄厚の吹付コンクリ−ト3が施工され、該コンクリ−ト3の内面に覆工コンクリ−ト4が施工されている。
図中、5は前記トンネル1のインバ−ト部に施工した路盤コンクリ−トで、該コンクリ−ト5上に軌道6が敷設され、鉄道車両7を走行可能にしている。
【0025】
前記トンネル1は切羽8を発破して掘削され、その発破状況は図2および3のようである。
すなわち、前回の発破によるずりを坑外へ搬出後、切羽8の穿孔および爆薬9の装填し、或いはその作業と前後して防護装置10を設置するようにしている。
前記防護装置10は切羽8から所定距離離間して立設され、該防護装置10の後述するサイドウォ−ルを前記吹付コンクリ−ト3およびに下側掘削部、つまりインバ−ト部に密着させ、坑内の前部側を閉塞可能にしている。
【0026】
前記防護装置10は、強靭で柔軟かつ軽量な複数種の繊維を縫着して略袋状に形成され、その展張形状は施工対象の断面形状より若干大形の相似形状に形成されている。
実施形態では、トンネル1の掘削断面と略相似形状の馬蹄形状で、略マット状または平板状に形成しているが、施工対象の断面形状に応じて、球状、楕円体状、柱状、錐体状、異形の立体形状等種々の立体形状に形成することも可能である
【0027】
前記防護装置10は、坑口側および切羽8側にそれぞれ対向配置するフロントウォ−ル11およびリアウォ−ル12、トンネル1の掘削部、つまり両側壁部、天端部、インバ−ト部に密着させるサイドウォ−ル13とからなり、前記フロントウォ−ル11とリアウォ−ル12の外周縁の間に帯状のサイドウォ−ル13を縫着して、袋状に形成している。
【0028】
この場合、サイドウォ−ル13を単一若しくは複数の帯状片を縫着して構成し、または密着する区域毎に例えば両側壁部、天端部、インバ−ト部に分割し、これらを縫着して構成することも可能である。
図中、13a〜13dは、トンネル1の内壁の左右側壁部、天端部、インバ−ト部に接触するサイドウォ−ル13の各接触部で、このうち側方接触部13a,13bは、側方に膨出して凸部を形成している。
【0029】
前記フロントウォ−ル11とリアウォ−ル12、サイドウォ−ル13は強靭で柔軟かつ軽量な繊維で構成され、このうちフロントウォ−ル11とサイドウォ−ル13は、ポリアミド系の合成繊維、実施形態ではナイロン(登録商標)で構成され、それらの厚さをフロントウォ−ル11は0.2mm、サイドウォ−ル13は1.0mmのものを使用していて、サイドウォ−ル13の強度を増強している
【0030】
また、リアウォ−ル12は高強度かつ高弾性の繊維、実施形態ではPBO繊維からなるザイロン(登録商標)で構成され、その厚さは0.9mmのものを使用していて、これを切羽8側に向けて設置している。
ちなみに、前記リアウォ−ル12の引張り強度は鉄の略10倍、炭素繊維の2倍で、耐熱性も650℃を備え、発破による飛石の衝突、爆風による破損を防止可能にしている。
【0031】
前記防護装置10の内部に複数の仕切片14,15が縦横に交差して縫着され、これらの仕切片14,15を介して、防護装置10の内部を複数の小室16,17に区画している。
このうち、前記小室16は防護装置10の左右側端部に位置し、その膨張時の横断面形状は図示のように略弓形に形成され、また前記小室17は防護装置10の内側に位置し、その膨張時の横断面形状は図示のように略馬蹄形状に形成されている。図中、18はを区画する仕切片15,16に形成した通孔18で、前記小室16,17を互いに連通可能にしている。
【0032】
前記フロントウォ−ル11の下部側に、防護装置10の内部に連通する通気口19が形成され、また防護装置10の上下位置に、掃気口20と排気口21とが前後方向に貫通して形成されている。
このうち、前記通気口19に柔軟かつ軽量な繊維、実施形態ではナイロン(登録商標)製の送風管22が縫着され、その外側口縁部に束縛用の紐等が取り付けられている。
前記送風管22の外端部に防爆型の送風機23の吐出部が挿入され、これを前記紐を介して束縛し、かつ前記送風機23の送風を介して防護装置10を膨張可能にしている。図中、24は送風機23の電源コ−ドである。
【0033】
また、前記掃気口20に前記送風管22と同様な掃気管25が挿入可能にされ、該管25は適所に設置した送風機(図示略)に連通していて、その送風を介して発破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等を後述の排気管へ押し出し可能にしている。
更に、前記排気口21に前記送風管22と同様な排気管26が挿入可能にされ、該管26は適所に設置した集塵機(図示略)に連通していて、発破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等を坑外へ排出可能にしている。
【0034】
前記防護装置10の一側、実施形態では前記フロントウォ−ル11の下部に開閉手段、実施形態では複数のスライドファスナ−27が上下方向に設けられ、該ファスナ−27の開閉操作を介して、前記防護装置10の内部を開閉し、内部の充填流体、実施形態では空気の漏洩を防止し、または吐出可能にしている。
【0035】
この場合、前記スライドファスナ−27の代わりに、気密かつ柔軟な例えばナイロン(登録商標)製のパイプを縫着し、該パイプの外端部に金属製リングを捩り曲げ可能に設け、該リングを捩り曲げ若しくは緩めることで、前記パイフを簡単に閉塞し若しくは開口可能にすることも可能である。
【0036】
前記防護装置10の上端部に紐や棒材等の姿勢調整手段28が接続され、該手段28の操作者29による引張りまたは揺動操作を介して、防護装置10の膨張時における起立姿勢を促し、または自立姿勢の調整を可能にしている。
【0037】
この他、図中30は発破によって切り崩されたずり、31は発破によって発生した粉塵、32は前記インバ−ト部に敷設した軌道で、該軌道32に沿って後述のずり処理機等や、削岩機であるガントリ−ジャンボ33と、ずり積み機であるシャフロ−ダ−34を走行可能にしている。
前記ガントリ−ジャンボ33は、作業者を乗せて昇降かつ揺動可能な複数の作業ア−ムを備え、穿孔、装薬、発破、前記コンクリ−トの吹き付け作業を実行可能にしている。
【0038】
また、前記軌道32には、ずり処理機等であるずり運搬車35と、該運搬車35の牽引車であるバッテリ−ロコ36、集塵機や送風機、電源設備等(共に図示略)を搭載した台車38が走行可能にされている。40は坑内に形成した退避所である。
【0039】
このように構成した発破等の防護方法およびトンネル掘削方法並びに発破等の防護装置は、主要な防護装置10の製作を要する。
防護装置10の製作に際しては、強靭で柔軟かつ軽量な繊維、実施形態では所定厚のナイロン(登録商標)を所定形状に裁断して、フロントウォ−ル11とサイドウォ−ル13の各片、仕切片14,15を作製し、該仕切片14,15に通孔18を形成するとともに、高強度かつ高弾性の繊維、実施形態ではPBO繊維からなるザイロン(登録商標)を所定形状に裁断して、リアウォ−ル12片を作製する。
【0040】
そして、フロントウォ−ル11とリアウォ−ル12の各片を略馬蹄形状に縫い合わせ、それらの外周縁の間に帯状のサイドウォ−ル13を縫着し、その内部に前記仕切片14,15を縫着して、展開形状がトンネル1の掘削断面より若干大形の馬蹄形の袋状に製作する。
【0041】
また、前記防護装置10の上下位置に掃気口20と排気口21を貫通形成し、それらの内壁を縫合するとともに、防護装置10の下部に内部に連通する通気口19を形成し、その開口部に通気管22を縫着し、その突出端部に束縛用の紐(図示略)を取り付ける。
更に、前記フロントウォ−ル11の上部略中央に、紐等の姿勢調整手段28の一端を取り付け、その下部に防護装置10の内部に連通する開口部を形成し、その開口縁部にスライドファスナ−27を取り付け、防護装置10の内部を開閉可能にする。
【0042】
このように前記防護装置10の製作は、柔軟かつ軽量な繊維製の各構成部材を縫着するものであるから、金属等の大重量で剛体の構成部材を裁断し溶接する従来のものに比べて、特別の装置を要することなく容易に製作でき、作業スペ−スのコンパクト化を図れるとともに、製作後の総重量は約40kgで図6のように適宜折り畳めるから、保管や搬送等の取り扱いが至便になる。
【0043】
こうして製作した防護装置10を使用して、トンネル掘削時の発破の防護に使用する場合は、地山2を掘削機械等で掘削し、約30m〜35mの坑道を形成したところで、図6のように適宜折り畳んだ防護装置10をその設置位置に搬送する。
【0044】
前記設置位置は、前回の発破によるずりを搬出し、掘削部内壁に吹付コンクリ−ト3を施工し、またシャフロ−ダ−34やずり運搬車35、バッテリ−ロコ36等の掘削機械を付近に退避させ、防護装置10を展開し設置可能な坑内スペ−スであって、その直前位置まで前記掘削機械用の軌道32が敷設されている。
【0045】
また、次期爆破箇所である新たな切羽8には、ガントリ−ジャンボ33によって、穿孔と爆薬の装填が完了しており、該切羽8から所定距離、実施形態では切羽8より約30m〜35m離間した位置に、前記設置位置が配置されている。この状況は図12のようである。
【0046】
前記離間距離は、切羽8の爆破量、装填する爆薬量や性質、トンネル1の掘削断面積等で決定され、安全が確保されれば可及的に短小であることが望ましい。
この後、防護装置10のクリップ手段を取り外し、防護装置10を前記設置位置の路面上に広げる。
その際、防護装置10のフロントウォ−ル11を上向きにし、該ウォ−ル11の上端部を切羽8側に向けて展開し、その上に姿勢調整手段28を表出させて置く。
【0047】
この後、前記設置現場に予め搬入した送風機23の吐出部を前記送風管22に挿入し、これらを前記紐で束縛し接続したところで、前記送風機23を駆動し、防護装置10内部に送風する。
このようにすると、前記送風が防護装置10内部に送り込まれ、これが各仕切片14,15の通孔18に導かれて各小室16,17に流入し、該小室16,17の容積が漸増し、防護装置10が膨張して自立しようとする。この状況は図7および図8のようである。
【0048】
そこで、作業者29が姿勢調整手段28の下端部を保持し、これを適宜手前に引いて防護装置10の自立を促し、更に適宜左右に揺動して、防護装置10の自立姿勢を修正する。
この状況は図9および図10のようで、防護装置10は送風後略く字形状に立ち上がり、更にせり上がって、サイドウォ−ル13の上部接触部13cが掘削部の天端部に密着し、側部接触部13a,13bが掘削部の両側壁に密着し、下部接触部13dが掘削部のインバ−ト部に密着する。
【0049】
こうして防護装置10が略垂直に自立し、サイドウォ−ル13の全域が掘削部の内壁全周に密着して、前記自立姿勢を保持するとともに、吹付コンクリ−ト3との間を気密に閉塞する。
この場合、前記送風機23は防護装置10の自立後も駆動し、防護装置10内の圧力を略常圧に維持する。
【0050】
このように防護装置10は柔軟かつ強靭な繊維で構成され、内部に空気を充填して柔軟に形成されるから、凹凸状のトンネル1内壁に容易かつ速やかに馴染み、かつそれらの接触面積を増大して、前記気密性と自立性を高める。この状況は図4のようである。
しかも、防護装置10は仕切片14,15を介して、略マット状に膨張形成されるから、前記仕切片を設けず膨張形状を規制しないものに比べて、前記密着力が向上し自立性ないし安定性が向上する。
【0051】
また、防護装置10は空気を充填し膨張させることで、掘削部の内壁に容易かつ迅速に設置し得るから、鋼板や鉄骨、ボルト・ナットを駆使して設置する従来のものに比べて、設置の手間を大幅に低減でき、工期の短縮と工費の低減を促せる。
発明者の実験では、送風開始から防護装置10の設置完了までに3分間を要し、従来のものに比べて極めて短時間に設置できることが確認された。
なお、送風機23は防護装置10の自立後も駆動し、防護装置10内の圧力を略常圧に維持する。
【0052】
こうして、防護装置10の自立後、掃気管25と排気管26を搬入し、それらの管端部を防護装置10の上下に位置する掃気口20と排気口21に差し込み、それらの他端部を隣接の掃気管25と排気管26に紐等で接続し、掃気管25を送風機(図示略)に連通し、排気管26を集塵機(図示略)に連通させる。
【0053】
この場合、掃気口20と排気口21の内壁は、防護装置10の自立ないし空気の充填によって外側へ膨出し、掃気管25と排気管26を挟持するため、それらを抜け止め確実に保持する。
しかも、掃気管25と排気管26は軽量で、その取り付けは単に押し込み作業だけで良くから、これを容易かつ迅速に行なえる。この状況は図14のようである。
【0054】
このような状況の下で爆薬9を爆発させると、切羽8の地山2が切り崩され、大量のずり30が発生し、また爆発音や爆風、飛石、粉塵、後ガス等が発生する
このうち、爆風、粉塵、後ガス等は防護装置10に遮られて坑口側への流出を阻止され、爆発音は防護装置10に遮られて坑口側への音圧レベルを低減され、また飛石の一部はリアウォ−ル12に衝突し、防護装置10の切羽8側付近に落下する。この状況は図15および図16のようである。
【0055】
発明者の実験では、高さ約5800mm、底部幅約4300mm、トンネル内空半径約2800mm、トンネル側壁下部半径約9400mmのトンネル1の掘削断面形状(吹付コンクリ−ト内面)に対し、これと略同形状の防護装置10を製作し、空気充填後の厚さを約1600mmに設定して、この防護装置10を切羽8より30m後方に設置した。
切羽8の爆薬装填状況は、穿孔数90〜95、穿孔長2.9m〜3.2m、火薬使用量約140kg〜150kg、単位火薬使用量約1.46kg/m〜1.74kg/mである。
【0056】
このような条件の下で発破実験を3回行なったが、何れも前記発破による防護装置10の破損や、飛石の衝突によるリアウォ−ル12の破損や損傷はなく、また爆風、粉塵、後ガス等は防護装置10に遮られ坑口側への流出はなかった。
【0057】
但し、前記爆風によって防護装置10が坑口側へ約1m移動したことが観測されたが、これによる防護装置10の破損や前述の機能低下、掃気管25および排気管26への影響はなく、移動後も略垂直の自立姿勢を保持していたことが確認された。
このことは、防護装置10による掘削部への密着ないし閉塞効果が極めて良好であることを示唆している。
【0058】
発破直後の防護装置10の状況は図5のようで、切羽8側に面するリアウォ−ル12が爆風および爆発圧力を受け、内部の充填空気の弾性に抗して押圧されて、後部側の小室17が押し縮められる。
このため、後部側の小室17の空気が通孔18から押し出され、それらの容積が縮小して、リアウォ−ル12が前方へ押し曲げられ、サイドウォ−ル13の後方の側部接触部13a,13bが掘削部内壁から離間し、その密着力ないし接触面圧力が低下して、防護装置10が前方へ移動する。
【0059】
一方、後部側の小室17から押し出され空気は、図示のように通孔18から前部側の小室17へ流入し、該小室17の容積を増大させて膨張させる。このため、サイドウォ−ル13の前方の側部接触部13a,13bが掘削部内壁に接触し、その接触面圧力によって防護装置10の移動を停止する。
【0060】
このため、前記前方の側部接触部13a,13bが掘削部内壁に圧迫され、かつ前部側の各小室17が圧迫されて、内部の充填空気が通孔18から押し出され、これが後部側の各小室17へ移動して、各小室17の容積を回復させ防護装置10の移動後の自立姿勢を安定させる。
【0061】
このように、防護装置10は、発破による爆風や、飛石、粉塵、後ガスから、坑内で退避中の掘削機械34〜36等を安全に保護し、しかも前記掘削機械34〜36等を、切羽8から差程離間していない防護装置10付近に安全に退避させるから、この後のずり処理に速やかに取り掛かれる。
【0062】
また、防護装置10は発破直後、後部側の小室17の充填空気を一旦逃がし、また坑口側へ若干移動することで、前記爆風および爆発圧力を吸収かつ緩衝するから、前記爆風および爆発圧力による防護装置10の負担を軽減し、その破損を未然に防止し得る。
しかも、前記爆風および爆発圧力の影響は、各小室17に分散され、その伝播速度は充填空気によって抑制されているから、内部を区画せず、したがって前記影響を一時に受けるものに比べ、防護装置10の破損を未然に防止し、その使用回数や寿命を向上し得る。
【0063】
更に、前記爆風および爆発圧力による防護装置10の形状変化が、前記仕切片14,15によって規制され、また各小室17の緩衝作用によって伝播速度が抑制されるから、内部を区画せず、前記影響を一時に受けるものに比べ、リアウォ−ル12やフロントウォ−ル11の位置変動が少なく、その分防護装置10に取り付ける通気管22や掃気管25、排気管26の安定化を図れ、それらの離脱や損傷を未然に防止できる。
【0064】
そして、発破後、防護装置10の正常な設置状態を確認したところで、送風機および集塵機(共に図示略)を駆動し、新鮮な空気を掃気管25へ送り込み、これを防護装置10の後方から切羽8側に吹き込んで、切羽8と防護装置10との間に滞留した粉塵や後ガスを動揺し、これを排気管26側へ押し出す。
一方、前記集塵機によって、排気管26に押し出された前記粉塵や後ガスを前記集塵機で吸い込み、これを坑外へ搬出する。この状況は図15のようである。
【0065】
こうして切羽8と防護装置10との間に滞留した粉塵や後ガスを取り除き、新鮮な空気を入れ替えたところで、掃気管25と排気管26を防護装置10の掃気口20と排気口21から引き抜き、これらを適所へ搬送する。これらの作業は、掃気管25と排気管26が軽量で、これらを単に引き抜けば良いから、これを容易かつ速やかに行なえる。
次に、送風機23の吐出部を通気管22から引き抜き、送風機23を適所へ搬送するとともに、スライドファスナ−27,27を開操作し、防護装置10内部の充填空気を排出して、これを収縮し適宜形状に折り畳んで、適所へ搬送する。この状況は図17のようである。
【0066】
このように防護装置10の実質的な取り外しないし撤去は、充填空気の排出と折り畳み作業だけであるから、これを容易かつ速やかに行なえ、従来のように鋼板や鉄骨を除去しボルト・ナットを緩める煩雑な作業や手間がなく、労力の負担も少ない。
発明者の実験では、防護装置10の撤収に5分間要し、従来のものに比べて極めて短時間に撤収でき、この後のずり処理に速やかに対応できることが確認された。
【0067】
こうして防護装置10の撤収後、前記待機中の掘削機械34〜36等を運転操作し、ずり処理を行なう。すなわち、シャフロ−ダ−34でずり30をずり運搬車35に積み込み、該運搬車35をバッテリ−ロコ36で牽引して所定位置へ搬送して、坑外へ搬出する。この状況は図18のようである。
【0068】
このように前記ずり処理は、掘削機械34〜36等を切羽8から比較的近い坑内位置で待機させているから、掘削機械34〜36等によるずり処理作業位置までの移動を速やかに行なえ、ずり処理の作業効率を向上し得る。
【0069】
図19は本発明の他の実施形態を示し、前述の実施形態の構成部分と対応する部分には、同一の符号を用いている。
この実施形態は、防護装置10の内部を区画する前記仕切片14,15を省略し、構成を簡潔にし、これを安価に製作できるとともに、空気充填後の設置姿勢に自由度を得られ、これを容易に設置し得るようにしている。
【0070】
なお、前述の実施形態はトンネルの発破式掘削に適用しているが、これに限らず地山2の穴や、地上若しくは地下構造物の穴や坑、室の爆破、または地表での爆破に適用することも可能である。
【0071】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、請求項1の発明は、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置したから、構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消し、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある
請求項2の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にしたから、撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図ることができる。
【0072】
請求項3の発明は、地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内部に前記防護装置を搬送し、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着させたから、地山や構造物に対する設置や利用を図れるとともに、凹凸状の掘削部や平滑面に対しても防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して環境の劣化を防止でき、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある。
請求項4の発明は、前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にしたから、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して環境の劣化を防止でき、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある。
【0073】
請求項5の発明は、爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動させたから、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止することができる。
請求項6の発明は、前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にしたから、防護装置に緩衝作用を持たせ、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止することができる。
【0074】
請求項7の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にしたから、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成させ、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得ることができる。
請求項8の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着したから、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境を回復できるとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なうことができる。
請求項9の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気であるから、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られる効果がある。
【0075】
請求項10の発明は、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置したから、防護装置の構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、施工現場へ簡単に持ち運んで設置でき、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消でき、トンネルの新設や拡幅等の多様な設置条件に対応することができる。
請求項11の発明は、前記防護装置を、掘削後の吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部に設置したから、凹凸状の掘削部等に対し容易かつ良好な密着作用を得られ、新設トンネルの施工に好適な効果がある。
【0076】
請求項12の発明は、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部内面に略気密に密着させたから、凹凸状の掘削部内面等に容易かつ良好な密着作用を得られ、新設トンネルの施工に好適であるとともに、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して、環境の劣化を防止することができる。
請求項13の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去するようにしたから、防護装置の撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図ることができる。
請求項14の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にしたから、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成させ、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得られる効果がある。
【0077】
請求項15の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着したから、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境を回復できるとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なうことができる。
請求項16の発明は、前記防護装置の近接位置に、ずり処理機等を退避させたから、ずり処理機等の安全を確保するとともに、それらのずりまでの移動時間を短縮化し、ずり処理の合理化と迅速化を図り、そのサイクルタイムを向上することができる。
請求項17の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気であるから、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られる効果がある。
【0078】
請求項18の発明は、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を設け、該防護装置に流体を充填して所定位置に設置可能にしたから、構成が簡単で安価かつ容易に製作でき、しかも小形軽量で取り扱い易く、従来のように大形重量で設置に手間が掛かる問題を解消し、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある。
請求項19の発明は、前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にしたから、撤去作業を簡便に行なえるとともに、その取り扱いの至便化を図ることができる。
【0079】
請求項20の発明は、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を、地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着可能にしたから、地山や構造物に対する設置や利用を図れるとともに、凹凸状の掘削部や平滑面に対しても防護装置の良好な密着効果を得られ、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して環境の劣化を防止でき、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある。
請求項21の発明は、前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にしたから、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の漏出や爆風の突出を阻止し、また爆破音を低減する等して環境の劣化を防止でき、多様な設置条件に応じられる効果がある
【0080】
請求項22の発明は、爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動可能にしたから、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止することができる。
請求項23の発明は、前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にしたから、防護装置に緩衝作用を持たせ、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等による防護装置の影響を軽減し、その破損や損傷を未然に防止することができる。
請求項24の発明は、前記防護装置内部を単一の室で構成したから、構成が簡潔になり、これを安価かつ容易に製作することができる。
【0081】
請求項25の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にしたから、簡単な構成で防護装置の適切な自立姿勢を形成でき、確実かつ安定した設置状態を得られる効果がある。
請求項26の発明は、前記防護装置を、強靭かつ軽量で柔軟な繊維によって構成したから、防護装置の小形軽量化と取り扱いの容易化を図り、これを安価に製作できるとともに、過酷な設置条件下での使用に耐えることができる。
【0082】
請求項27の発明は、前記防護装置を、フロントウォ−ルおよびサイドウォ−ルと、高強度かつ高弾性のリアウォ−ルとで構成し、前記フロントウォ−ルとリアウォ−ルとの外周縁の間にサイドウォ−ルを配置し、前記リアウォ−ルを爆破位置側に対向配置し、前記サイドウォ−ルを設置部に接触可能にしたから、爆破時の爆風や爆破圧力、飛石若しくは破砕片の衝突等に前記リアウォ−ルを対応させ、掘削部等の接触に前記サイドウォ−ルを対応させて、防護装置の所期の効果を確保することができる。
【0083】
請求項28の発明は、前記サイドウォ−ルに単一または複数の凸部を形成し、該凸部を設置面に接触可能にしたから、凸部と設置面との接触面積を増加し、その密着効果と設置の安定化を向上することができる。
請求項29の発明は、前記防護装置の所定位置に、前記防護装置の内部と連通しない排気口を貫通形成し、該排気口に少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着可能にしたから、爆破後の濃密な粉塵や後ガス等の排出を促し、清浄な環境を回復できるとともに、排気管の着脱を容易に行なうことができる
【0084】
請求項30の発明は、前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、略マット状若しくは板状に形成したから、流体充填後の体積のコンパクト化を図り、その設置面積ないし設置スペ−スのコンパクト化を図るとともに、流体の充填量を減量し、設置の迅速化を図ることができる。
請求項31の発明は、前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、球体、楕円体、異形の立体に形成したから、設置姿勢の自由度と設置の容易化を得られる効果がある。
請求項32の発明は、前記充填用流体が空気であるから、充填用流体を安価に得られるとともに、流体充填後の防護装置に適当な弾性を得られる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を鉄道トンネルの発破式掘削に適用した実施形態を示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明の施工状況を示す斜視図で、発破位置である切羽より所定距離離間した坑内に、本発明に適用した防護装置を設置している状況を示している。
【図3】図2の平面図で、若干縮小して示している。
【図4】図2のA−A線に沿う拡大断面図で、前記防護装置に対する空気の充填状況を示している。
【図5】前記空気充填後、防護装置の発破による挙動を示す拡大断面図である。
【図6】本発明に適用した防護装置の設置前の折り畳み状況を示す斜視図である。
【図7】本発明に適用した防護装置を施工現場に搬送し、これを展開して通気口に送風機を取り付け、内部に空気を送り込んでいる充填初期の状況を示す斜視図である
【図8】図7の状態から引き続いて空気を送り込み、次第に膨張してきた防護装置の状況を示す斜視図である。
【図9】図8の状態から引き続いて空気を送り込み、自立し始めた防護装置を姿勢調整手段で調整操作している状況を示す斜視図である。
【図10】図8の状態から引き続いて空気を送り込み、吹付コンクリ−ト内壁に自立させて設置した防護装置の状況を示す正面図である。
【図11】本発明に適用した防護装置の設置現場の状況を示す斜視図で、前記設置現場付近に軌道が敷設され、該軌道にガントリ−ジャンボと、ずり処理機等であるシャフロ−ダ−、ずり運搬車、バッテリ−ロコ、チェリ−ピッカ−、電源台車等が走行可能に置かれている。
【図12】本発明に適用した防護装置の設置前の状況を示す正面図で、設置位置付近に前記ずり処理機等が退避している。
【図13】図12の状態から前記防護装置の設置状況を示す正面図で、前記防護装置に送風機を取り付けている。
【図14】図13の状態から前記防護装置の設置後、該防護装置に掃気管と排気管を取り付けた状況示す正面図である。
【図15】図13の状態から切羽を発破した状況示す正面図である。
【図16】図13の切羽の発破後、切羽が切り崩されてずりが発生し、また粉塵や後ガスが発生し、粉塵等が切羽と防護装置の間に滞留し、この直後に掃気管に空気が送り込まれ、前記粉塵等が排気管に押し出されている状況を示す正面図である。
【図17】図16の状態から前記粉塵等が取り除かれ、清浄な環境が回復された後、防護装置から掃気管と排気管とが取り外し、防護装置の空気を排出して折り畳み、これを撤収している状況示す正面図である。
【図18】図17の状態から退避していたずり処理機等をずり位置へ移動し、ずり処理している状況を示す正面図である。
【図19】本発明に適用した防護装置の他の実施形態による設置状況を示す拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
2 地山
3 吹付コンクリ−ト
10 防護装置
11 フロントウォ−ル
12 リアウォ−ル
13 サイドウォ−ル
13a,13b 側方接触部(凸部)
26 排気管
28 姿勢調整手段
34 ずり処理機等(シャフロ−ダ−)
35 ずり処理機等(ずり運搬車)
36 ずり処理機等(バッテリ−ロコ)
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is suitable for excavation of a mountain tunnel, for example, and when a face is blown up, a shearing machine or the like can be safely evacuated to a position close to a protective device, and the shearing process can be performed quickly and rationally, and the cycle time can be improved. At the same time, it is possible to obtain a good adhesion effect of the protective device even at various construction sites, to reliably prevent leakage of dense dust etc. after blasting, to prevent deterioration of the work environment, and to construct a new tunnel or widening an existing tunnel The tunnel can be excavated reasonably and quickly, shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost, with a simple, compact, lightweight, easy to handle, and easy to install and remove. The present invention relates to a blasting protection method, a tunnel excavation method, and a blasting protection device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, excavation of a mountain tunnel is generally carried out by a blasting method, in which a face is blown up, and broken rocks and earth and sand are carried out of the mine. Further, at the time of the blasting, the falling stones and dusts are prevented from flowing out, and from the viewpoint of noise measures, a protective wall or sound barrier constructed by stacking a rigid protective wall or soundproof wall or a cloth bag filled with a sound-absorbing filler is formed in the wellhead. (See, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0003]
However, this conventional one has a large number of parts, and the configuration is complicated, and it takes time to install and remove it, and stepping stones and dust are widely dispersed between the face and the protective wall at the time of blasting. There was a problem that it took time and effort for the sludge processing. In particular, this problem has been markedly reduced in work efficiency as tunnel excavation progresses and the pit becomes longer.
[0004]
On the other hand, at the time of blasting, all the heavy machinery placed in the mine is moved away from the face and retracted to the wellhead side, and after blasting, the heavy machinery is moved to the shear position or moved in the shear direction and installed. It was made to process (for example, refer patent document 3).
[0005]
However, since this conventional method blasts without installing the protective wall, the flying stones and dust caused by the blasting are widely dispersed, and there is a risk that heavy machinery may be damaged.
Therefore, if the heavy machinery is moved away from the face sufficiently, it will take time to move and shear the heavy machinery after blasting, and it will be inefficient, and it will be forced to work under dense dust, etc. There was a problem.
[0006]
In order to solve such problems, a long and strong protector is movably provided in the mine, allowing the vehicle to pass through the protector and enabling hot-line construction, while the protector is placed in the mine before blasting. And move the predetermined part to the blasting part, which is the widening part of the old and new tunnels, and install the front and rear protective bulkheads separately in the old and new tunnels sandwiching the blasting part. There is a tunnel widening method in which a blasting enclosure between the outer periphery of the protector, the inner wall of the old and new tunnels, and the front and rear protective partition walls is closed and blasted after being in close contact with the inner wall (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Registered Utility Model No. 3035370
[Patent Document 2]
JP 7-279599 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-11-173079
[Patent Document 4]
JP 2000-345788 A
[0008]
However, this conventional method requires a protector and a front / rear protection bulkhead, is complicated in construction, becomes large and heavy, is expensive, and takes time to install and remove it. Since the cover is pressed against the inner wall of the relatively smooth lining concrete to obtain a close contact effect, for example, a predetermined close contact effect cannot be obtained in the excavation part when a tunnel is newly constructed, and dense dust etc. There is a problem that the working environment deteriorates due to leakage, and the upper part of the protector located in the blasting enclosure part is located at a close distance of the blasting part, so there is a possibility that the upper part of the protector may be damaged by stepping stones. I was worried about life, safety, etc.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves such problems and is suitable for excavation of mountain tunnels, for example, when the face is blown up, the shearing machine etc. can be safely evacuated to the position close to the protective device, and the shearing process can be performed quickly and rationally, In addition to improving the cycle time, it is possible to obtain a good adhesion effect of the protective device even at various construction sites, reliably preventing leakage of dense dust etc. after blasting, preventing deterioration of the work environment, and tunneling The tunnel can be excavated reasonably and quickly, shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost, as well as being easy to handle, small and light in weight, inexpensive and easy to handle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a blasting protection method, a tunnel excavation method, and a blasting protection device that can easily and quickly carry out the operation.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
For this reason, the invention of claim 1 is directed to a blasting or other protective method in which a protective device is installed at a distance from the blasting portion, and a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid is transported to a predetermined position. The equipment is filled with fluid, and the structure is simple, inexpensive and easy to manufacture, and it is small and light and easy to handle. It is adapted to the conditions.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, after the use of the protective device, the fluid is discharged and contracted to be removable, so that the removal work can be easily performed and the handling thereof is facilitated.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the protective device is transported into a hole or pit or chamber of a natural ground or a structure, the fluid is filled in the protective device, and the outer periphery of the protective device is placed in the hole, mine or chamber. In close contact with the inner wall of the building, it can be installed and used for natural grounds and structures, and the protective device has a good adhesion effect on uneven excavated parts and smooth surfaces. By preventing the leakage of dust and rear gas and projecting of blast, and by reducing the blast noise, the environment is prevented from deteriorating and it can be adapted to various installation conditions.
[0012]
The invention of claim 4 makes it possible to substantially seal between the blasting part and the protective device, prevent leakage of dense dust and rear gas after the blasting and protrusion of the blast, reduce the blasting sound, etc. In addition, the environment is prevented from deteriorating and can be adapted to various installation conditions.
The invention of claim 5 moves the protective device away from the blasting part at the time of blasting, reduces the influence of the protective device due to the blast or blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or crushed pieces, etc. Try to prevent.
The invention of claim 6 provides a plurality of small chambers that can communicate with each other inside the protective device, allows the filling fluid in the small chambers to enter and exit, makes the volume of the small chambers variable, and provides a buffering effect on the protective device. It is designed to reduce the effects of protective devices due to the blast and blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or fragments, and to prevent damage or damage.
[0013]
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means. A self-supporting posture is formed so that a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
The invention of claim 8 attaches at least an exhaust pipe that can communicate with the dust collecting device to a predetermined position of the protective device in a detachable manner, and promotes the discharge of dense dust, rear gas, etc. after blasting, and provides a clean environment. And the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the filling fluid is air, and the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost, and an appropriate elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[0014]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in a tunnel excavation method in which a protective device is installed apart from the blast portion and the space between the blast portion and the protective device is substantially sealed, a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid. The protection device is filled with fluid and installed, and the configuration of the protection device is simple, inexpensive and easy to manufacture, and is small and lightweight, easy to handle, and can be easily carried and installed at the construction site. It solves the problem that installation takes time due to its large weight, and can cope with various installation conditions such as new tunnel construction and widening.
In the invention of claim 11, the protective device is installed in a spraying concrete part or excavation part after excavation, and an easy and good adhesion action to an uneven excavation part or the like can be obtained. It is preferred.
[0015]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, the protective device is filled with fluid, and the outer peripheral portion of the protective device is brought into close contact with the spray concrete portion or the inner surface of the excavation portion so that the inner surface of the uneven excavation portion can be easily and With good adhesion, it is suitable for the construction of new tunnels, and it prevents the leakage of dense dust and rear gas after blasting and the projection of blast, and reduces blast noise, etc. It tries to prevent deterioration.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, after the use of the protective device, the fluid is discharged, contracted, and removed, so that the protective device can be easily removed and the handling thereof is facilitated. ing.
The invention of claim 14 is provided with a posture adjusting means at a predetermined position of the protective device, through which the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted. A self-supporting posture is formed so that a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
[0016]
According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, an exhaust pipe that can communicate with at least a dust collecting device is detachably attached to a predetermined position of the protective device, and the exhaust of dense dust or rear gas after blasting is promoted, and a clean environment is obtained. In addition, the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
The invention of claim 16 retreats the shearing machine etc. to the proximity position of the protective device, ensures the safety of the shearing machine etc., shortens the movement time to those shears, and streamlines the shearing process. It is aimed at speeding up and improving its cycle time.
According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the filling fluid is air, so that the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost and suitable elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[0017]
The invention of claim 18 is a blasting or other protective device in which the protective device is set apart from the blasting portion, and is provided with a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid, and the protective device is filled with fluid. It can be installed at a predetermined position, and the structure is simple, inexpensive and easy to manufacture, and it is small, lightweight, easy to handle, eliminates the problem of installation with a large weight as before, and responds to various installation conditions. I am trying to do it.
According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, after the use of the protective device, the fluid is discharged and contracted to be removable, so that the removal work can be easily performed and the handling thereof is made convenient.
[0018]
According to the invention of claim 20, the protective device is filled with a fluid, and the outer peripheral portion of the protective device can be brought into close contact with a natural mountain or a hole of a structure or an inner wall of a pit or a chamber. It is possible to install and use it against the surface, and to obtain a good adhesion effect of the protective device against uneven excavated parts and smooth surfaces, preventing leakage of dense dust and rear gas after blasting and protrusion of blast. In addition, the explosion noise is reduced to prevent environmental degradation and to meet various installation conditions.
The invention of claim 21 makes it possible to substantially seal between the blasting part and the protective device, prevent leakage of dense dust and rear gas after the blasting and protrusion of the blast, reduce the blasting sound, etc. In addition, the environment is prevented from deteriorating and can be adapted to various installation conditions.
[0019]
The invention of claim 22 makes it possible to move the protective device away from the blasting part at the time of blasting, reduce the influence of the protective device due to the blast or blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or fragments, etc. I try to prevent it.
In the invention of claim 23, a plurality of small chambers that can communicate with each other are provided in the inside of the protective device, the filling fluid in the small chamber can be made to go in and out, the volume of the small chamber can be changed, and the protective device can be buffered. It is designed to reduce the effects of protective devices due to the blast and blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or fragments, and to prevent damage or damage.
[0020]
According to the invention of claim 24, the inside of the protective device is constituted by a single chamber, the structure is simplified, and it can be manufactured inexpensively and easily.
According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means. A self-supporting posture is formed so that a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
According to the invention of claim 26, the protective device is made of tough, lightweight and flexible fiber, and the protective device can be made small and light and easy to handle. To withstand use in
[0021]
In the invention of claim 27, the protection device is constituted by a front wall and a side wall, and a high-strength and highly elastic rear wall, and the outer peripheral edge of the front wall and the rear wall is formed. A side wall is placed in between, the rear wall is placed facing the blasting position side, and the side wall can be brought into contact with the installation part, for blasting and blasting pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or fragments etc. The rear wall is made to correspond, and the side wall is made to correspond to the contact of the excavation part or the like, so that the desired effect of the protective device is ensured.
[0022]
The invention of claim 28 is characterized in that a single or a plurality of convex portions are formed on the side wall, the convex portions can be brought into contact with the installation surface, the contact area between the convex portions and the installation surface is increased, and the adhesion thereof The effect and the stabilization of the installation are improved.
According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present invention, an exhaust port that does not communicate with the inside of the protective device is formed at a predetermined position of the protective device, and an exhaust pipe that can communicate with at least a dust collecting device can be detachably attached to the exhaust port. In addition, the exhaust of dense dust and post gas after blasting is promoted to restore a clean environment, and the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
[0023]
According to the invention of claim 30, the shape of the protective device when filled with fluid is formed in a substantially mat shape or plate shape, and the volume after fluid filling is reduced, and the installation area or installation space is reduced. In addition, the fluid filling amount is reduced to speed up the installation.
According to the invention of claim 31, the shape of the protective device at the time of fluid filling is formed as a sphere, an ellipsoid, or an irregular solid so that the degree of freedom of installation posture and the ease of installation can be obtained.
In the invention of claim 32, the filling fluid is air, and the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost, and an appropriate elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the illustrated embodiment in which the present invention is applied to excavation of a mountain tunnel by a blast excavation method will be described. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 17, 1 is a tunnel for a single-line railway in which a natural mountain 2 is excavated into a substantially horseshoe-shaped cross section. A thin spraying concrete 3 is constructed on the inner wall of the excavation part, that is, both side walls and the top end, and a lining concrete 4 is constructed on the inner surface of the concrete 3.
In the figure, reference numeral 5 denotes a roadbed concrete constructed in the invert part of the tunnel 1, and a track 6 is laid on the concrete 5 so that the railway vehicle 7 can travel.
[0025]
The tunnel 1 is excavated by blasting the face 8, and the blast state is as shown in FIGS.
That is, the protective device 10 is installed before or after the drilling of the face 8 and the loading of the explosive 9 after carrying out the shear due to the previous blasting to the outside of the mine.
The protective device 10 is erected at a predetermined distance from the face 8, and a side wall, which will be described later, of the protective device 10 is brought into close contact with the blowing concrete 3 and the lower excavation part, that is, the inverter part, The front side in the mine can be closed.
[0026]
The protective device 10 is formed in a substantially bag shape by sewing a plurality of types of tough, flexible, and lightweight fibers, and its extended shape is formed in a similar shape that is slightly larger than the cross-sectional shape of the construction object.
In the embodiment, it is a horseshoe shape that is substantially similar to the excavation cross section of the tunnel 1 and is formed in a substantially mat shape or flat plate shape. However, depending on the cross sectional shape of the construction object, a spherical shape, an ellipsoid shape, a column shape, a cone shape It is also possible to form various three-dimensional shapes such as shapes and irregular three-dimensional shapes
[0027]
The protective device 10 is in close contact with the front wall 11 and the rear wall 12 that are disposed opposite to the wellhead side and the face 8 side, and the excavation part of the tunnel 1, that is, both side walls, the top end, and the invert part. A side wall 13 is formed, and a belt-like side wall 13 is sewn between the outer peripheral edges of the front wall 11 and the rear wall 12 to form a bag.
[0028]
In this case, the side wall 13 is formed by sewing a single or a plurality of strip pieces, or is divided into, for example, both side walls, a top end portion, and an invert portion for each close contact area, and these are sewn. It is also possible to configure.
In the figure, 13a to 13d are the contact portions of the side wall 13 that contact the left and right side wall portions, the top end portion, and the inverter portion of the inner wall of the tunnel 1, and the side contact portions 13a and 13b are the side portions. It bulges out to form a convex portion.
[0029]
The front wall 11, the rear wall 12, and the side wall 13 are made of tough, flexible, and lightweight fibers. Of these, the front wall 11 and the side wall 13 are polyamide-based synthetic fibers. Is made of nylon (registered trademark), and the thickness of the front wall 11 is 0.2 mm, and the side wall 13 is 1.0 mm. The strength of the side wall 13 is increased. ing
[0030]
Further, the rear wall 12 is made of high strength and high elasticity fiber, in the embodiment, Zyron (registered trademark) made of PBO fiber, and has a thickness of 0.9 mm. It is installed facing the side.
Incidentally, the tensile strength of the rear wall 12 is about 10 times that of iron, twice that of carbon fiber, and has a heat resistance of 650 ° C., which makes it possible to prevent collision of flying stones due to blasting and damage due to blast.
[0031]
A plurality of partitioning pieces 14 and 15 are sewn vertically and horizontally inside the protection device 10, and the inside of the protection device 10 is partitioned into a plurality of small chambers 16 and 17 via these partitioning pieces 14 and 15. ing.
Among these, the small chamber 16 is located at the left and right ends of the protective device 10, and the cross-sectional shape when expanded is substantially arcuate as shown, and the small chamber 17 is located inside the protective device 10. The transverse cross-sectional shape at the time of expansion is formed in a substantially horseshoe shape as shown in the figure. In the figure, reference numeral 18 denotes a through hole 18 formed in the partition pieces 15 and 16 for partitioning the small chambers 16 and 17 so that they can communicate with each other.
[0032]
A vent 19 communicating with the inside of the protective device 10 is formed on the lower side of the front wall 11, and a scavenging port 20 and an exhaust port 21 penetrate in the front-rear direction at the upper and lower positions of the protective device 10. Is formed.
Among them, a flexible and lightweight fiber, in the embodiment, a nylon (registered trademark) blower tube 22 is sewn to the vent hole 19, and a binding string or the like is attached to the outer edge of the vent hole 19.
The discharge part of the explosion-proof blower 23 is inserted into the outer end portion of the blower tube 22, which is constrained via the string and allows the protective device 10 to be expanded via the blower of the blower 23. In the figure, 24 is a power cord of the blower 23.
[0033]
Further, a scavenging pipe 25 similar to the blower pipe 22 can be inserted into the scavenging port 20, and the pipe 25 communicates with a blower (not shown) installed at an appropriate place, and the blown air is blown through the blown air. Dense dust, rear gas, etc. can be pushed out to the exhaust pipe described later.
Further, an exhaust pipe 26 similar to the blower pipe 22 can be inserted into the exhaust port 21, and the pipe 26 communicates with a dust collector (not shown) installed at an appropriate place so that dense dust after blasting or after Gas etc. can be discharged out of the mine.
[0034]
Opening and closing means, in the embodiment, a plurality of slide fasteners 27 are provided vertically on one side of the protective device 10, in the lower part of the front wall 11 in the embodiment, and through the opening and closing operation of the fastener 27, The inside of the protective device 10 is opened and closed to prevent the leakage of the filling fluid in the inside, in the embodiment, or discharge.
[0035]
In this case, instead of the slide fastener 27, an airtight and flexible pipe made of nylon (registered trademark), for example, is sewn, and a metal ring is provided at the outer end of the pipe so as to be twisted and bent. It is possible to easily close or open the pief by twisting or bending.
[0036]
A posture adjusting means 28 such as a string or a bar is connected to the upper end portion of the protective device 10, and promotes a standing posture when the protective device 10 is inflated through a pulling or swinging operation by an operator 29 of the means 28. Or, the self-supporting posture can be adjusted.
[0037]
In addition, in the figure, 30 is a shear broken by blasting, 31 is dust generated by blasting, 32 is a track laid on the inverter part, along the track 32, a shearing machine described later, A gantry jumbo 33, which is a rock drill, and a shuffler 34, which is a stacking machine, are allowed to travel.
The gantry jumbo 33 includes a plurality of work arms that can be moved up and down and rocked by an operator, and can perform drilling, charging, blasting, and spraying of the concrete.
[0038]
Further, the track 32 is equipped with a shear transporter 35 that is a shearing machine, a battery locomotive 36 that is a towing vehicle of the transporter 35, a dust collector, a blower, and power supply equipment (both not shown). 38 is made to run. 40 is a refuge formed in the mine.
[0039]
The protection method such as blasting and the tunnel excavation method and the protection device such as blasting configured as described above require production of the main protection device 10.
When the protective device 10 is manufactured, tough, flexible, and lightweight fibers, in the embodiment, a predetermined thickness of nylon (registered trademark) are cut into a predetermined shape, and each piece of the front wall 11 and the side wall 13 is divided into partitions. The pieces 14 and 15 are manufactured, the through holes 18 are formed in the partition pieces 14 and 15, and high strength and high elasticity fiber, in the embodiment, Zyron (registered trademark) made of PBO fiber is cut into a predetermined shape. A rear wall 12 piece is produced.
[0040]
Each piece of the front wall 11 and the rear wall 12 is sewn into a substantially horseshoe shape, a belt-like side wall 13 is sewn between the outer peripheral edges, and the partitioning pieces 14 and 15 are placed inside thereof. It is sewn and manufactured into a horseshoe-shaped bag shape whose development shape is slightly larger than the excavation cross section of the tunnel 1.
[0041]
Further, the scavenging port 20 and the exhaust port 21 are formed through the upper and lower positions of the protective device 10, the inner walls thereof are stitched, and the vent port 19 communicating with the inside is formed in the lower portion of the protective device 10, and the opening portion thereof The vent pipe 22 is sewn on, and a binding string (not shown) is attached to the protruding end.
Further, one end of a posture adjusting means 28 such as a string is attached to the substantially upper center of the front wall 11, an opening communicating with the inside of the protective device 10 is formed at the lower part, and a slide fastener is formed at the opening edge. -27 is attached, and the inside of the protective device 10 can be opened and closed.
[0042]
As described above, since the protection device 10 is manufactured by sewing each component member made of flexible and lightweight fiber, compared to the conventional device in which a rigid component member is cut and welded with a large weight such as metal. Therefore, it can be easily manufactured without the need for special equipment, and the work space can be made compact, and the total weight after manufacture is approximately 40 kg, and it can be folded as shown in FIG. It becomes convenient.
[0043]
When the protective device 10 thus manufactured is used for protection of blasting during tunnel excavation, the natural ground 2 is excavated with an excavating machine or the like to form a tunnel of about 30 m to 35 m, as shown in FIG. The protective device 10 folded appropriately is transported to its installation position.
[0044]
The installation position is to remove the shear from the previous blasting, install the spraying concrete 3 on the inner wall of the excavation part, and close the excavating machine such as the shuffler 34, the shear transporter 35, the battery loco 36, etc. The excavating machine track 32 is laid down to a position immediately before the space where the protective device 10 can be retracted and deployed to be installed.
[0045]
In addition, the new face 8 which is the next blast site has been completely drilled and loaded with explosives by the gantry-jumbo 33, and is separated from the face 8 by a predetermined distance, in the embodiment, about 30 m to 35 m away from the face 8. The installation position is arranged at a position. This situation is as shown in FIG.
[0046]
The separation distance is determined by the amount of explosion of the face 8, the amount and nature of the explosive to be loaded, the excavation cross-sectional area of the tunnel 1, etc., and is desirably as short as possible if safety is ensured.
Thereafter, the clip means of the protective device 10 is removed, and the protective device 10 is spread on the road surface at the installation position.
At that time, the front wall 11 of the protective device 10 is faced upward, the upper end of the wall 11 is unfolded toward the face 8 side, and the posture adjusting means 28 is placed on the surface.
[0047]
After that, when the discharge part of the blower 23 carried into the installation site in advance is inserted into the blower pipe 22, and these are tied and connected with the string, the blower 23 is driven and blown into the protective device 10.
If it does in this way, the said ventilation will be sent into the inside of the protective device 10, this will be guide | induced to the through-hole 18 of each partition piece 14 and 15, will flow into each small chamber 16 and 17, and the volume of this small chamber 16 and 17 will increase gradually. The protective device 10 expands and tries to stand on its own. This situation is as shown in FIGS.
[0048]
Therefore, the operator 29 holds the lower end portion of the posture adjusting means 28 and pulls it appropriately to facilitate the self-supporting of the protective device 10, and further swings right and left appropriately to correct the self-supporting posture of the protective device 10. .
This situation is as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and the protective device 10 rises into a substantially square shape after blowing, further rises, and the upper contact portion 13c of the side wall 13 is in close contact with the top end portion of the excavation portion. The part contact parts 13a and 13b are in close contact with both side walls of the excavation part, and the lower contact part 13d is in close contact with the inverter part of the excavation part.
[0049]
Thus, the protective device 10 is self-supporting substantially vertically, and the entire region of the side wall 13 is in close contact with the entire circumference of the inner wall of the excavation part to maintain the self-supporting posture and air-tightly block between the spraying concrete 3. .
In this case, the blower 23 is driven even after the protective device 10 is self-supported, and maintains the pressure in the protective device 10 at a substantially normal pressure.
[0050]
Thus, since the protective device 10 is composed of flexible and tough fibers, and is formed flexibly by filling the inside with air, the protective device 10 can be easily and quickly adapted to the inner wall of the uneven tunnel 1 and increase the contact area thereof. Thus, the airtightness and independence are enhanced. This situation is as shown in FIG.
Moreover, since the protective device 10 is formed in a substantially mat-like shape through the partition pieces 14 and 15, the contact force is improved and the self-supporting property is improved as compared with a case in which the partition piece is not provided and the expansion shape is not regulated. Stability is improved.
[0051]
In addition, the protective device 10 can be easily and quickly installed on the inner wall of the excavation part by filling and inflating the air. Therefore, the protective device 10 is installed in comparison with the conventional device that uses steel plates, steel frames, bolts and nuts. This can greatly reduce the time and effort required for the construction and shorten the construction period.
The inventor's experiment required 3 minutes from the start of ventilation to the completion of the installation of the protective device 10, and it was confirmed that the installation can be performed in an extremely short time compared to the conventional one.
The blower 23 is driven even after the protection device 10 is self-supported, and maintains the pressure in the protection device 10 at a substantially normal pressure.
[0052]
Thus, after the protective device 10 is self-supporting, the scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 are carried in, and their pipe ends are inserted into the scavenging port 20 and the exhaust port 21 located above and below the protective device 10, and the other end thereof is connected. The scavenging pipe 25 is connected to the adjacent scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 with a string or the like, the scavenging pipe 25 is connected to a blower (not shown), and the exhaust pipe 26 is connected to a dust collector (not shown).
[0053]
In this case, the inner walls of the scavenging port 20 and the exhaust port 21 bulge outward due to the protection device 10 being self-supporting or filled with air, and sandwich the scavenging tube 25 and the exhaust tube 26, so that they are securely retained.
In addition, since the scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 are lightweight and can be attached simply by pushing in, this can be done easily and quickly. This situation is as shown in FIG.
[0054]
If the explosive 9 is exploded in such a situation, the ground 2 of the face 8 is broken down, a large amount of shear 30 is generated, and explosion sound, blast, stepping stone, dust, rear gas, etc. are generated.
Among them, blast, dust, rear gas, etc. are blocked by the protective device 10 and prevented from flowing out to the wellhead side, explosion sound is blocked by the protective device 10 and the sound pressure level to the wellhead side is reduced, and stepping stones A part of the vehicle collides with the rear wall 12 and falls near the face 8 side of the protective device 10. This situation is as shown in FIGS.
[0055]
In the inventor's experiment, the excavation cross-sectional shape (inner surface of spray concrete) of the tunnel 1 having a height of about 5800 mm, a bottom width of about 4300 mm, a tunnel inner radius of about 2800 mm, and a tunnel side wall lower radius of about 9400 mm is almost the same as this. A protective device 10 having a shape was manufactured, the thickness after air filling was set to about 1600 mm, and this protective device 10 was installed 30 m behind the face 8.
The explosive loading status of the face 8 is as follows. The number of perforations is 90 to 95, the perforation length is 2.9 m to 3.2 m, the explosive amount is about 140 kg to 150 kg, and the unit explosive amount is about 1.46 kg / m. 3 ~ 1.74kg / m 3 It is.
[0056]
Under these conditions, the blasting experiment was conducted three times. In any case, there was no damage to the protective device 10 due to the blasting or the damage or damage to the rear wall 12 due to the collision of stepping stones. Etc. were blocked by the protective device 10 and did not flow out to the wellhead side.
[0057]
However, although it was observed that the protective device 10 moved about 1 m to the pit side due to the blast, there was no damage to the protective device 10 due to this, the above-mentioned functional deterioration, and the scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 were not moved. After that, it was confirmed that he maintained a substantially vertical self-supporting posture.
This suggests that the protective device 10 has a very good adhesion or blocking effect to the excavated part.
[0058]
The situation of the protective device 10 immediately after blasting is as shown in FIG. 5, and the rear wall 12 facing the face 8 side receives a blast and explosion pressure and is pressed against the elasticity of the internal filling air, so that the rear side The chamber 17 is compressed.
For this reason, the air in the rear chamber 17 is pushed out from the through hole 18, the volume thereof is reduced, the rear wall 12 is pushed and bent forward, the side contact portions 13 a on the rear side of the side wall 13, 13b separates from the inner wall of the excavation part, and the contact force or contact surface pressure decreases, and the protective device 10 moves forward.
[0059]
On the other hand, the air pushed out from the rear side small chamber 17 flows into the front side small chamber 17 from the through-hole 18 as shown in the figure, and the volume of the small chamber 17 is increased and expanded. For this reason, the side contact parts 13a and 13b in front of the side wall 13 come into contact with the inner wall of the excavation part, and the movement of the protective device 10 is stopped by the contact surface pressure.
[0060]
For this reason, the front side contact portions 13a and 13b are pressed against the inner wall of the excavation portion, and the small chambers 17 on the front side are pressed, and the filled air is pushed out from the through holes 18, and this is on the rear side. It moves to each small chamber 17, the volume of each small chamber 17 is recovered, and the self-supporting posture after the movement of the protective device 10 is stabilized.
[0061]
In this way, the protective device 10 safely protects the excavating machines 34 to 36 being evacuated in the mine from the blast caused by blasting, stepping stones, dust, and the rear gas, and further protects the excavating machines 34 to 36 and the like. Since it is safely retracted to the vicinity of the protective device 10 that is not so far away from 8, the subsequent shearing process is quickly started.
[0062]
Further, immediately after the blasting, the protective device 10 temporarily releases the filled air in the rear chamber 17 and moves it slightly to the wellhead side to absorb and buffer the blast and explosion pressure. The burden on the apparatus 10 can be reduced and the damage can be prevented.
Moreover, the influence of the blast and explosion pressure is dispersed in each chamber 17 and its propagation speed is suppressed by the filled air. 10 breakage can be prevented, and the number of times of use and life can be improved.
[0063]
Further, the shape change of the protective device 10 due to the blast and explosion pressure is regulated by the partition pieces 14 and 15, and the propagation speed is suppressed by the buffering action of each chamber 17, so that the inside is not partitioned and the influence is The rear wall 12 and the front wall 11 are less likely to change in position compared to those that receive the heat at a time, and the ventilation pipe 22, the scavenging pipe 25, and the exhaust pipe 26 attached to the protective device 10 can be stabilized accordingly. Detachment and damage can be prevented in advance.
[0064]
After the blasting, when the normal installation state of the protective device 10 is confirmed, the blower and the dust collector (both not shown) are driven, fresh air is sent to the scavenging pipe 25, and this is applied to the face 8 from the rear of the protective device 10. The dust and the rear gas staying between the face 8 and the protective device 10 are shaken and pushed out to the exhaust pipe 26 side.
On the other hand, the dust and the rear gas pushed out to the exhaust pipe 26 by the dust collector are sucked by the dust collector and carried out of the mine. This situation is as shown in FIG.
[0065]
In this way, dust and rear gas accumulated between the face 8 and the protective device 10 are removed, and when the fresh air is replaced, the scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 are pulled out from the scavenging port 20 and the exhaust port 21 of the protective device 10, Transport these to the right place. These operations can be performed easily and promptly because the scavenging pipe 25 and the exhaust pipe 26 are light and can be simply pulled out.
Next, the discharge part of the blower 23 is pulled out from the vent pipe 22, and the blower 23 is transported to an appropriate place. At the same time, the slide fasteners 27 and 27 are opened, the charged air inside the protective device 10 is discharged, and this is shrunk. Then fold it into a suitable shape and transport it to the right place. This situation is as shown in FIG.
[0066]
Thus, the substantial removal or removal of the protective device 10 is only the discharge and folding of the filling air, so this can be done easily and quickly, and the steel plate and steel frame are removed and the bolts and nuts are loosened as before. There is no complicated work and effort, and the labor load is small.
In the inventor's experiment, it took 5 minutes to withdraw the protective device 10, and it was confirmed that the protection device 10 could be withdrawn in an extremely short time compared to the conventional one, and that it was possible to respond quickly to the subsequent shearing process.
[0067]
After the protection device 10 is withdrawn, the waiting excavating machines 34 to 36 are operated to perform a shearing process. That is, the shear 30 is loaded on the shear transporting vehicle 35 by the shuffler 34, and the transporting vehicle 35 is pulled by the battery locomotive 36 to be transported to a predetermined position and carried out of the mine. This situation is as shown in FIG.
[0068]
As described above, since the excavating machines 34 to 36 and the like stand by at a position close to the face 8 from the face 8 in this manner, the excavating machines 34 to 36 and the like can quickly move to the shear processing work position, and the shearing can be performed. The work efficiency of processing can be improved.
[0069]
FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals are used for portions corresponding to the constituent portions of the above-described embodiment.
In this embodiment, the partition pieces 14 and 15 for partitioning the inside of the protective device 10 are omitted, the configuration is simplified, and it can be manufactured at low cost, and the installation posture after air filling can be obtained with a high degree of freedom. Can be installed easily.
[0070]
In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiment is applied to the blasting type excavation of the tunnel, it is not limited to this, and is not limited to the hole of the ground mountain 2, the hole or pit of the ground or underground structure, the explosion of the room, or the explosion on the ground surface. It is also possible to apply.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the invention of claim 1 is simple and inexpensive because the flexible, substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid is transported to a predetermined position and the protective device is filled with the fluid. It is easy to manufacture, small and lightweight, easy to handle, and eliminates the problem of large installation and troublesome installation as before, and has the effect of meeting various installation conditions.
According to the invention of claim 2, since the fluid is discharged and contracted after use of the protective device and can be removed, the removal operation can be easily performed and the handling thereof can be facilitated.
[0072]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the protective device is transported into a hole or pit or chamber of a natural ground or a structure, the fluid is filled in the protective device, and the outer periphery of the protective device is placed in the hole, mine or chamber. Because it is almost airtightly attached to the inner wall of the building, it can be installed and used for natural grounds and structures, and it can also provide a good adhesion effect of the protective device against uneven excavated parts and smooth surfaces. It can prevent the deterioration of the environment by preventing the leakage of dust and rear gas and the projection of the blast, and reducing the explosion sound, etc., and has the effect of meeting various installation conditions.
In the invention of claim 4, since the space between the blasting portion and the protective device can be substantially sealed, leakage of dense dust and rear gas after the blasting and protrusion of the blast are prevented, and blast noise is reduced. By doing so, it is possible to prevent environmental degradation and to meet various installation conditions.
[0073]
In the invention of claim 5, since the protective device is moved away from the blasting part at the time of the blasting, the influence of the protective device due to the blast at the time of the blasting, the blasting pressure, the collision of the stepping stones or the fragmented pieces, etc. is reduced, and the damage or damage is reduced. It can be prevented in advance.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of small chambers that can communicate with each other are provided in the inside of the protective device, the filling fluid in the small chamber is allowed to enter and exit, and the volume of the small chamber can be changed. To reduce the influence of the protective device due to the blast and blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or crushed pieces, and prevent damage or damage in advance.
[0074]
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means, the protective device can be configured with a simple configuration. An appropriate self-supporting posture can be formed, and a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
Since the exhaust pipe which can communicate with at least the dust collector is detachably attached to the predetermined position of the protective device, the invention of claim 8 facilitates the discharge of dense dust, rear gas, etc. after the explosion, The environment can be restored and the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the filling fluid is air, the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost, and an appropriate elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[0075]
In the invention of claim 10, since the flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid is transported to a predetermined position and the protective device is filled with the fluid, the protective device has a simple, inexpensive and easy configuration. In addition, it is easy to handle with small size and light weight, can be easily carried and installed at the construction site, can solve the problems of installation with large weight as before, and various installation conditions such as new tunnel construction and widening It can correspond to.
According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the protective device is installed in the spraying concrete part or excavation part after excavation, it is possible to obtain an easy and good adhesion action to the concave and convex excavation part and the like. Has a suitable effect.
[0076]
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the protective device is filled with a fluid and the outer peripheral portion of the protective device is brought into close contact with the spray concrete portion or the inner surface of the excavation portion, so that the inner surface of the uneven excavation portion can be easily formed. In addition to being able to obtain a good adhesion effect, it is suitable for the construction of a new tunnel, and it prevents the leakage of dense dust and gas after blasting and the projection of blast, and reduces the sound of blasting. Can be prevented.
According to the invention of claim 13, since the fluid is discharged, contracted and removed after use of the protective device, the protective device can be easily removed and the handling thereof can be facilitated. Can do.
In the invention of claim 14, since the posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means, the protective device can be configured with a simple configuration. There is an effect that an appropriate self-supporting posture can be formed and a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
[0077]
In the invention of claim 15, since at least an exhaust pipe capable of communicating with the dust collecting device is detachably attached to the predetermined position of the protective device, the exhaust of dense dust after the blasting or the rear gas is promoted, and a clean The environment can be restored and the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
In the invention of claim 16, since the shearing machine etc. is retracted to the proximity position of the protective device, the safety of the shearing machine etc. is secured and the movement time to those shears is shortened, and the shearing process is rationalized. The speed can be improved and the cycle time can be improved.
According to the invention of claim 17, since the filling fluid is air, the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost, and an appropriate elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[0078]
The invention of claim 18 is provided with a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid, and the protective device is filled with fluid so that it can be installed at a predetermined position. In addition, it is small and lightweight and easy to handle, and it eliminates the problem of time-consuming installation due to its large weight, and has the effect of meeting various installation conditions.
According to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, after the use of the protective device, the fluid is discharged and contracted so that the fluid can be removed. Therefore, the removal operation can be easily performed and the handling thereof can be facilitated.
[0079]
In the invention of claim 20, the protective device is filled with fluid, and the outer peripheral portion of the protective device can be brought into close contact with a natural mountain or a hole of a structure or an inner wall of a mine or a chamber. In addition to being able to install and use on structures, it is possible to obtain a good adhesion effect of the protective device against uneven excavated parts and smooth surfaces, preventing leakage of dense dust and rear gas etc. after blasting and protruding blasts. It is possible to prevent deterioration of the environment by blocking and reducing the explosion sound, etc., and there is an effect according to various installation conditions.
According to the invention of claim 21, since the space between the blasting part and the protective device can be substantially sealed, leakage of dense dust and rear gas after blasting and protrusion of blast are prevented, and blast sound is reduced. This can prevent environmental degradation and can respond to various installation conditions.
[0080]
In the invention of claim 22, since the protective device can be moved away from the blasting portion at the time of blasting, the influence of the protective device due to the blast at the time of the blasting, the blasting pressure, the collision of flying stones or fragments, etc. is reduced. Damage can be prevented in advance.
In the invention of claim 23, since a plurality of small chambers that can communicate with each other are provided in the inside of the protective device, the filling fluid in the small chamber can be made to go in and out, and the volume of the small chamber can be changed. To reduce the influence of the protective device due to the blast and blast pressure at the time of blasting, collision of stepping stones or crushed pieces, and prevent damage or damage in advance.
In the invention of claim 24, since the inside of the protective device is constituted by a single chamber, the construction becomes simple and can be manufactured inexpensively and easily.
[0081]
In the invention of claim 25, since the posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means, the protective device can be configured with a simple configuration. An appropriate self-standing posture can be formed, and there is an effect that a reliable and stable installation state can be obtained.
In the invention of claim 26, since the protective device is composed of tough, lightweight and flexible fibers, the protective device can be reduced in size and weight, can be easily manufactured, and can be manufactured at low cost. Can withstand use under.
[0082]
In the invention of claim 27, the protection device is constituted by a front wall and a side wall, and a high-strength and high-elastic rear wall, and an outer peripheral edge of the front wall and the rear wall. A side wall is placed in between, the rear wall is placed facing the blasting position side, and the side wall can be brought into contact with the installation part. The desired effect of the protective device can be ensured by making the rear wall correspond to the contact and the side wall corresponding to the contact of the excavating part or the like.
[0083]
In the invention of claim 28, since one or a plurality of convex portions are formed on the side wall, and the convex portions can be brought into contact with the installation surface, the contact area between the convex portion and the installation surface is increased. The adhesion effect and the stabilization of the installation can be improved.
According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present invention, an exhaust port that does not communicate with the inside of the protective device is formed at a predetermined position of the protective device, and an exhaust pipe that can communicate with at least a dust collecting device can be detachably attached to the exhaust port. As a result, the exhaust of dense dust and post-gas etc. after blasting can be promoted, the clean environment can be restored, and the exhaust pipe can be easily attached and detached.
[0084]
In the invention of claim 30, since the shape of the protective device at the time of fluid filling is formed in a substantially mat shape or plate shape, the volume after fluid filling is reduced, and its installation area or installation space is compact. In addition, it is possible to reduce the amount of fluid filling and speed up the installation.
According to the invention of claim 31, since the shape of the protective device at the time of fluid filling is formed as a sphere, an ellipsoid, or an irregular solid, there is an effect that the degree of freedom of installation posture and the ease of installation can be obtained.
According to the invention of claim 32, since the filling fluid is air, the filling fluid can be obtained at a low cost, and an appropriate elasticity can be obtained for the protective device after filling the fluid.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to blasting excavation in a railway tunnel.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the construction status of the present invention, showing a situation where a protective device applied to the present invention is installed in a mine that is spaced a predetermined distance from the face that is the blasting position.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2 and shows a state of air filling the protective device.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the behavior due to blasting of the protective device after the air filling.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a folding state before installation of the protective device applied to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an initial filling state in which the protective device applied to the present invention is transported to a construction site, deployed, a blower is attached to a vent, and air is sent into the interior.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state of the protective device that is gradually inflated by continuously feeding air from the state of FIG. 7;
9 is a perspective view showing a situation in which air is continuously fed from the state of FIG. 8 and the protective device that has started to stand up is being adjusted by the posture adjusting means. FIG.
10 is a front view showing a situation of the protective device installed by supplying air continuously from the state of FIG. 8 and being self-supported on the inner wall of the spray concrete. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the situation of the installation site of the protective device applied to the present invention, and a track is laid near the installation site, and a gantry jumbo and a shuffler such as a shearing machine are installed on the track. A shear transporter, a battery loco, a battery picker, a power supply cart and the like are placed so as to be able to run.
FIG. 12 is a front view showing a situation before installation of the protective device applied to the present invention, in which the shearing machine is retracted in the vicinity of the installation position.
13 is a front view showing the installation state of the protection device from the state of FIG. 12, and a blower is attached to the protection device.
14 is a front view showing a state in which a scavenging pipe and an exhaust pipe are attached to the protective device after the protective device is installed from the state shown in FIG. 13;
15 is a front view showing a situation where a face is blasted from the state of FIG.
FIG. 16 shows that after the blasting of the face of FIG. 13, the face is shattered to generate a shear, dust and rear gas are generated, dust etc. stays between the face and the protective device, and immediately after this, the scavenging pipe It is a front view which shows the condition where air is sent in and the said dust etc. are extruded to the exhaust pipe.
FIG. 17 shows the dust and the like removed from the state of FIG. 16 and the clean environment has been restored; then, the scavenging pipe and the exhaust pipe are removed from the protective device, and the protective device is discharged and folded, and then withdrawn. It is a front view which shows the situation which is doing.
18 is a front view showing a state in which a shearing machine or the like that has been retreated from the state of FIG.
FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an installation state according to another embodiment of the protective device applied to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Ground
3 spraying concrete
10 Protection device
11 Front wall
12 Rear wall
13 Side wall
13a, 13b Side contact part (convex part)
26 Exhaust pipe
28 Attitude adjustment means
34 Shearing machine, etc. (shuffler)
35 Shear processing machines (shear transporter)
36 Shearing machine, etc. (battery loco)

Claims (32)

爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置する発破等の防護方法において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置することを特徴とする発破等の防護方法。In a protection method such as blasting in which a protective device is installed apart from the blasting part, a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid is transported to a predetermined position, and the protective device is filled with fluid and installed. A blasting protection method characterized by 前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にする請求項1記載の発破等の防護方法。The blasting protection method according to claim 1, wherein after the use of the protection device, the fluid is discharged and contracted so that the fluid can be removed. 地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内部に前記防護装置を搬送し、前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着させる請求項1記載の発破等の防護方法。Transport the protective device into a natural hole or hole in a structure or inside a pit or chamber, fill the protective device with fluid, and tightly adhere the outer periphery of the protective device to the inner wall of the hole or pit or chamber The blasting protection method according to claim 1. 前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にする請求項3記載の発破等の防護方法。The protection method for blasting or the like according to claim 3, wherein the space between the blasting portion and the protection device can be substantially sealed. 爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動させる請求項3または請求項4記載の発破等の防護方法。The protection method of blasting etc. of Claim 3 or Claim 4 which moves the said protection apparatus away from a blasting part at the time of blasting. 前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にする請求項1または請求項3記載の発破等の防護方法。4. A protection method for blasting or the like according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a plurality of small chambers capable of communicating with each other are provided inside the protective device, the filling fluid in the small chamber can be made to enter and exit, and the volume of the small chamber can be changed. . 前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にする請求項1または請求項3記載の発破等の防護方法。The protection method for blasting or the like according to claim 1 or 3, wherein posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means. 前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着する請求項3記載の発破等の防護方法。The protection method of blasting etc. of Claim 3 which attaches the exhaust pipe which can communicate with a dust collector at least to the predetermined position of the said protective device so that attachment or detachment is possible. 前記充填用流体が空気である請求項1記載の発破等の防護方法The method for protecting against blasting or the like according to claim 1, wherein the filling fluid is air. 爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置し、前記爆破部と防護装置との間を略密閉するトンネル掘削方法において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を所定位置に搬送し、該防護装置に流体を充填して設置することを特徴とするトンネル掘削方法。In a tunnel excavation method in which a protective device is set apart from the blasting portion and the space between the blasting portion and the protective device is substantially sealed, a flexible substantially bag-shaped protective device that can be filled with fluid is conveyed to a predetermined position, A tunnel excavation method, wherein the protective device is filled with a fluid and installed. 前記防護装置を、掘削後の吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部に設置する請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein the protective device is installed in a spray concrete section or excavation section after excavation. 前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を前記吹付コンクリ−ト部または掘削部内面に略気密に密着させる請求項11記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 11, wherein the protective device is filled with a fluid, and an outer peripheral portion of the protective device is brought into close contact with the spray concrete portion or an inner surface of the excavating portion in a substantially airtight manner. 前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去する請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein after the use of the protective device, the fluid is discharged, contracted, and removed. 前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にする請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means. 前記防護装置の所定位置に、少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着する請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein an exhaust pipe that can communicate with at least a dust collector is detachably attached to a predetermined position of the protective device. 前記防護装置の近接位置に、ずり処理機等を退避させる請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein a shearing machine or the like is retracted to a position close to the protective device. 前記充填用流体が空気である請求項10記載のトンネル掘削方法。The tunnel excavation method according to claim 10, wherein the filling fluid is air. 爆破部から離間して防護装置を設置する発破等の防護装置において、流体を充填可能な柔軟な略袋状の防護装置を設け、該防護装置に流体を充填して所定位置に設置可能にしたことを特徴とする発破等の防護装置。In a blasting protection device that installs the protection device away from the blasting part, a flexible, substantially bag-shaped protection device that can be filled with fluid is provided, and the protection device is filled with fluid so that it can be installed at a predetermined position. Blasting protection device characterized by that. 前記防護装置の使用後、前記流体を排出して収縮し、撤去可能にした請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein after the protective device is used, the fluid is discharged and contracted to be removable. 前記防護装置に流体を充填し、該防護装置の外周部を、地山または構造物の穴若しくは坑または室の内壁に略気密に密着可能にした請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。19. The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein the protective device is filled with a fluid, and an outer peripheral portion of the protective device can be substantially airtightly attached to a natural mountain or a hole or pit of a structure or an inner wall of a chamber. 前記爆破部と前記防護装置との間を略密閉可能にした請求項20記載の発破等の防護装置。The protection device for blasting or the like according to claim 20, wherein the space between the blasting portion and the protection device can be substantially sealed. 爆破時に前記防護装置を爆破部から離間移動可能にした請求項20記載の発破等の防護装置。The protection device for blasting or the like according to claim 20, wherein the protection device can be moved away from the blasting portion at the time of blasting. 前記防護装置の内部に互いに連通可能な複数の小室を設け、該小室内の充填流体を出入り可能にし、前記小室の容積を変動可能にした請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。19. A protection device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein a plurality of small chambers capable of communicating with each other are provided inside the protective device so that a filling fluid in the small chamber can enter and exit, and the volume of the small chamber can be changed. 前記防護装置内部を単一の室で構成した請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein the inside of the protective device is constituted by a single chamber. 前記防護装置の所定位置に姿勢調整手段を設け、該手段を介して前記流体の充填時における防護装置の自立姿勢を調整可能にした請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。19. The protective device for blasting according to claim 18, wherein posture adjusting means is provided at a predetermined position of the protective device, and the self-supporting posture of the protective device at the time of filling the fluid can be adjusted via the means. 前記防護装置を、強靭かつ軽量で柔軟な繊維によって構成した請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。19. The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein the protective device is constituted by a strong, lightweight and flexible fiber. 前記防護装置を、フロントウォ−ルおよびサイドウォ−ルと、高強度かつ高弾性のリアウォ−ルとで構成し、前記フロントウォ−ルとリアウォ−ルとの外周縁の間にサイドウォ−ルを配置し、前記リアウォ−ルを爆破位置側に対向配置し、前記サイドウォ−ルを設置部に接触可能にした請求項26記載の発破等の防護装置。The protective device is composed of a front wall and a side wall, and a high-strength and high-elastic rear wall, and a side wall is disposed between the outer peripheral edges of the front wall and the rear wall. 27. The blasting protection device according to claim 26, wherein the rear wall is disposed opposite to the blasting position side so that the side wall can come into contact with an installation portion. 前記サイドウォ−ルに単一または複数の凸部を形成し、該凸部を設置面に接触可能にした請求項27記載の発破等の防護装置。28. The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 27, wherein a single or a plurality of convex portions are formed on the side wall, and the convex portions are brought into contact with an installation surface. 前記防護装置の所定位置に、前記防護装置の内部と連通しない排気口を貫通形成し、該排気口に少なくとも集塵装置に連通可能な排気管を着脱可能に装着可能にした請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。The exhaust port which does not connect with the inside of the said protective device is penetrated and formed in the predetermined position of the said protective device, The exhaust pipe which can be communicated with at least a dust collector can be attached to this exhaust port so that attachment or detachment is possible. Protection device for blasting. 前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、略マット状若しくは板状に形成した請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。19. The protective device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein the shape of the protective device at the time of fluid filling is formed in a substantially mat shape or plate shape. 前記防護装置の流体充填時の形状を、球体、楕円体、異形の立体に形成した請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。The protection device for blasting or the like according to claim 18, wherein the shape of the protection device when filled with fluid is a sphere, an ellipsoid, or an irregular solid. 前記充填用流体が空気である請求項18記載の発破等の防護装置。The blasting protection device according to claim 18, wherein the filling fluid is air.
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CN103572761A (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-02-12 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 Protection method for existing line nearby construction by using brook protective screenings
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JP2018016982A (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 鉄建建設株式会社 Tunnel blasting sound reduction device
KR101921925B1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-02-13 유광산 Tunnel excavation method and system
CN108301832A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-20 大连海事大学 It is a kind of to protect the quiet quick-fried device of the liquid carbon dioxide of splashing and quiet quick-fried construction method
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CN110411299A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-05 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 Tunnel blasting dissipates cigarette device
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CN112627872B (en) * 2020-11-23 2024-01-19 温州市瓯江引水发展有限公司 Early-stage supporting and broken stone transporting device in tunnel blasting state and construction method
CN114687772A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-01 云南滇东雨汪能源有限公司 Protection device for coal mining in pit

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