JP2005053434A - Amphibious ship - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an amphibious ship capable of decreasing the propulsive resistance at the time of hydroplaning and assuring an excellent on-the-water stability without dropping the running performance on the land. <P>SOLUTION: The amphibious ship 1 is equipped with a hull 2 to be afloat on the water, a plurality of wheels 3a and 3b installed with its one part protruding downward from the bottom 2c of the hull 2, a cover 4 having a buoyancy with its outer shape formed continuously smoothly to the outer surface of the hull 2 in such a way as covering the wheels 3a and 3b in such a condition that the hull 2 is float on the water, and an arm device 5 to shift the cover 4 from the standby condition heaved to over the hull 2 to the serving condition covering the wheels 3a and 3b and vice versa. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an amphibious ship capable of traveling on water and traveling on land.

  As a vehicle capable of traveling on the water and traveling on land, there is an amphibious ship based on a ship (an amphibious boat) or an amphibious vehicle based on a vehicle. Some amphibious boats (amphibious ships) or amphibious vehicles have retractable wheels on a hull (hull) or vehicle body that floats on the water. A cover for covering the wheel storage recess is provided along the hull (hull) or the outer plate of the vehicle body with the wheel stored in the wheel storage recess (tire house).

  There is an amphibious boat in which a cover is rotatable and detachable by a hinge provided between the hull and the hull. A packing is attached to the outer edge of the cover that contacts the wheel storage recess. For amphibious boats, when traveling on land, remove the cover and extend the wheel downward from the hull, and when sailing on the water, keep the wheel retractable recesses covered with the cover with the wheels retracted into the hull. Close (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In addition, there is an amphibious vehicle in which a cover is built in a vehicle body, and either one of a wheel lift opening and a water jet suction opening opened on the bottom surface of the vehicle body is closed and the other is opened (see, for example, Patent Document 2). There is an amphibious vehicle in which a shutter device is incorporated in each tire storage chamber (tire house) as a cover, and the opening of the tire storage chamber is closed with a shutter door in a state where the wheel is pulled into the tire storage chamber (for example, Patent Document 3). reference.).

In amphibious vehicles, a buoyancy body is attached to the vehicle body via a supporter that can be moved up and down. When using on land, lift the buoyant body up with a supporter. When used on the water, the buoyancy body is lowered by the support, and the vehicle body is pushed up onto the water surface by the buoyancy of the buoyancy body (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
Utility Model Registration No. 2555727 Utility Model Registration No. 2554334 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-5606 JP-A-8-282228

  However, an amphibious boat or amphibious vehicle equipped with a retractable wheel requires a complicated mechanism for moving the wheel in and out, and the weight of the hull or vehicle body increases. And as the weight increases, the submergence line goes up and the portion that is submerged increases, so the propulsion resistance also increases. Furthermore, in a state where water is immersed in the tire house, the stability of the hull or the vehicle body is deteriorated. Therefore, in order to stabilize the hull or the vehicle body, a drainage device for the tire house is required, and the cover needs to seal the tire house in a watertight manner.

  Further, in order to provide the support function of the retractable wheel with a suspension function, the suspension must be pulled into the tire house. Therefore, when a retractable wheel is provided, a large tire house is required. Therefore, amphibious boats or amphibious vehicles often do not have a suspension function on the wheel support, and the riding comfort on land is poor. There are many cases.

  Also, an amphibious vehicle that floats the vehicle body on the surface of the water with a buoyant body cannot resist speed like a ship because the wheel becomes a resistance when sailing on the water. Furthermore, in order to push the vehicle body up above the water surface so that the wheels do not resist, a buoyant body corresponding to it is required, so this buoyant body often becomes an obstacle when running on land, and the running performance on land decreases. To do.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an amphibious ship that reduces propulsion resistance at the time of surface navigation without deteriorating on-shore travel performance and is excellent in stability on the water.

  An amphibious ship according to the present invention includes a hull floating on the water, a plurality of wheels provided in a state in which a part protrudes downward from the bottom of the hull, and an outer surface of the hull covering the wheels while the hull floats on the water. A cover having a buoyancy formed in a smoothly continuous outer shape and an arm device for moving the cover to a standby state where the hull is lifted upward and a mounted state covering the wheels are provided.

  In order to reduce the propulsion resistance and the wave-increasing resistance, the cover is formed continuously from the position of the front wheel to the position of the rear wheel for the wheels arranged on the right and left sides of the hull. Moreover, the side part of the front wheel exposed on both sides of the hull is covered. Alternatively, at least the outer periphery of the wheel is covered within a range below the waterline.

  Another amphibious ship according to the present invention includes a hull floating on the water, a plurality of wheels provided in a state in which a part protrudes downward from the bottom of the hull, and gently from the outer surface of the hull toward the outer surface of the wheel. And a cover extending in the direction.

  Moreover, in order to improve the stability of the amphibious ship on the water, the cover is filled with a buoyancy member. Or in order to make a cover lightweight, a cover has the outer shell formed along the external shape, and makes an inside hollow.

  According to the amphibious ship according to the present invention, the wheel is covered by mounting the cover without retracting the wheel. Therefore, the suspension device can be easily provided in the portion that supports the wheel. The cover can be lifted above the hull by the arm device. Accordingly, the amphibious ship does not impair the ride comfort and running performance during land driving.

  Further, when the amphibious ship sails on the water, a cover that covers the wheel and smoothly continues to the hull is mounted, so that no waves and vortices are generated by the wheel. That is, the amphibious ship can reduce wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance. In addition, since the restoring force of the hull is increased by the buoyancy of the cover, it is possible to prevent rolling during cruising. Therefore, the amphibious ship can sail on the water in a stable state.

  The amphibious ship 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 by taking an amphibious bus used for waterside tourism as an example. An amphibious ship 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a hull 2, wheels 3 a and 3 b, a cover 4, and an arm device 5. The lower half of the hull 2 is made watertight and has a buoyancy that floats on the water. The tip 2a is tapered in order to reduce the propulsion resistance. A front wheel 3 a and a rear wheel 3 b are provided on the left and right sides of the hull 2. The wheels 3 a and 3 b are accommodated in a tire house 2 b that is recessed in the hull 2, and protrude downward from the bottom 2 c of the hull 2. Each wheel 3a, 3b is supported via a suspension device.

  The cover 4 is mounted on the bottom 2c of the hull 2 in a state where the hull 2 is floating on the water, and is formed to have an outer shape that covers the wheels 3a and 3b protruding from the bottom 2c of the hull 2 and is continuously continuous with the outer surface of the hull 2. ing. The cover 4 has an outer shell 4a of a hard layer provided along this outer shape. The outer shell 4a may be a metal sheet metal structure, but is preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) in consideration of corrosion resistance and weight reduction.

  Further, the inside 4b of the cover 4 may be filled with a buoyancy member, or may be made like a so-called float in which the outer shell 4a is made watertight and the inside 4b is hollow. If a partition is provided in the interior 4b of the cover 4 that is made hollow, the rigidity can be increased, so that the plate thickness of the outer shell 4a can be further reduced to reduce the weight of the cover 4 as a whole. Moreover, it is easy to stabilize the amphibious ship 1 on the water by injecting water into each partitioned room and using it like a ballast. The amphibious ship 1 operates the arm device 5 to mount the cover 4 from the ceiling of the hull 2 below the floodline W. Therefore, if the cover 4 has buoyancy, the arm device 5 is loaded when the cover 4 is mounted. . Therefore, water is poured into the cover 4 at the time of mounting, and after the mounting of the cover 4 is completed, air is sent into the cover 4 through an air supply pipe connected to the compressor, and the water in the cover 4 is drained. By doing so, the cover 4 can be easily mounted and the buoyancy of the cover 4 can be adjusted suitably, so that the effect as a buoyancy material is improved.

  The cover 4 is provided as a pair on both the left and right sides, and is formed continuously from the position of the front wheel 3a to the position of the rear wheel 3b. The cover 4 is provided so as to cover at least the outer peripheries 3c and 3d of the wheels 3a and 3b in a range below the floodline W. By providing the cover 4 in this way, the wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance generated by the wheels 3a and 3b are reduced, so that the amphibious ship 1 has improved sailing performance on the water. In addition, since the side surfaces of the wheels 3 a and 3 b are along the traveling direction of the amphibious ship 1, the effect of increasing the propulsion resistance is small even if the wheels 3 a and 3 b are not covered with the cover 4.

  The arm devices 5 are provided in pairs on the left and right sides of the hull 2 in front and rear. The front arm device 5 and the rear arm device 5 are interlocked with each other. Since the arm device 5 is operated when the amphibious ship 1 is on the water, it is preferable that the right pair and the left pair are interlocked with each other in order to maintain a balance during operation.

  Each arm device 5 includes a drive unit 6, a swing unit 7, and an extension unit 8. As shown in FIG. 3, one drive unit 6 is attached to each of the right and left sides of the upper portion of the hull 2, and the front and rear arm devices 5 are combined. This facilitates synchronization between the front arm device 5 and the rear arm device 5. The drive unit 6 can be operated by remote control from the cockpit of the amphibious ship 1. In addition, instead of providing one machine each in the front and rear, a total of two machines, one machine may be provided in the center and all the arm devices 5 may be interlocked. Moreover, you may provide the arm apparatus 5 in three places, front, center, and back, respectively on either side.

  The swing part 7 has a base end 7 a pivotally attached to a rotation shaft 6 a provided in the drive part 6, and a tip end 7 b connected to the base end 8 a of the extension part 8. As shown by an arrow A in FIG. 3, the swing unit 7 is rotated about the rotation shaft 6 a by the drive unit 6 and swings the extension unit 8 to the side of the hull 2. The connecting portion between the base end 8a of the extension portion 8 and the distal end 7b of the swing portion 7 is illustrated with the swing portion 7 and the extension portion 8 in conjunction with the angle at which the swing portion 7 rotates with respect to the rotation shaft 6a. An interlocking mechanism that extends or folds in the direction indicated by the arrow B in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, when the swing part 7 is rotated in the direction of swinging out to the side of the hull 2, the swing part 7 and the extension part 8 extend, and the swing part 7 is swung up on the hull 2. When rotated, the swing part 7 and the extension part 8 are folded.

  The extension portion 8 is a so-called jack provided with a cylinder 8b and a rod 8c. The extension portion 8 expands and contracts as shown by an arrow C shown in FIG. In addition, you may operate by hydraulic pressure or air pressure instead of water pressure. A distal end 8 d of the extension portion 8 is fixed to a side portion 4 c of the cover 4 that can be seen from the left and right outer sides of the hull 2. As described above, the arm device 5 moves between the standby state in which the cover 4 is lifted above the hull 2 and the mounted state in which the wheels 3 a and 3 b are covered with the cover 4.

  Next, the operation of the amphibious ship 1 configured as described above will be described. The amphibious ship 1 places the arm device 5 in a standby state on the land and lifts the cover 4 on the hull 2. Since the cover 4 does not protrude outward from the width of the hull 2, it does not hinder land travel. Moreover, since the amphibious ship 1 is equipped with the wheels 3a and 3b via the suspension device, the same riding comfort as that of a sightseeing bus or the like can be realized.

  The amphibious ship 1 launches from the land to the water with the cover 4 lifted on the hull 2. When it is confirmed that the hull 2 has completely floated on the water, the arm device 5 is moved from the standby state to the mounted state. The wheels 3 a and 3 b are covered with the cover 4 by putting the arm device 5 in the mounted state. As a result, the cover 4 reduces the wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance generated by the wheels 3a and 3b, so that the sailing performance of the amphibious ship 1 on the water is improved.

  Further, since the cover 4 has a function as a float, the cover 4 assists the buoyancy of the amphibious ship 1 and is provided in a pair on the left and right, so that the stability of the hull 2 against rolling, so-called rolling, that is, restoration Power is improved. Further, since the cover 4 is provided continuously from the position of the front wheel 3a to the position of the rear wheel 3b, the straightness at the time of sailing, stability against yawing and pitching is improved.

  When the amphibious ship 1 goes up to land, the cover 4 is lifted onto the hull 2 by operating the arm device 5 in a state where the hull 2 is floating on the water and moving it to a standby state. Since the wheels 3a and 3b are exposed, the amphibious ship 1 can land. The amphibious ship 1 is equipped with a driving device for propulsion. The driving device is connected to the wheels 3a and 3b on land, and is connected to a screw 9 exposed at the rear of the hull 2 on the water.

  Thus, since the amphibious ship 1 is equipped with the cover 4 that covers the wheels 3a and 3b during the water navigation, the wave resistance and the propulsion resistance are reduced, and the stability of the hull 2 is improved. That is, the amphibious ship 1 can improve the running performance on the water without reducing the running performance on land.

  An amphibious ship 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The amphibious ship 1 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the amphibious ship 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the shape of the hull 2 in the vicinity of the front wheels 3a, and the shape of the cover 4 accordingly. The tip 2a of the hull 2 is formed with a gentle curved surface from the tip 2a to the position of the front wheel 3a in the same manner as a normal ship. Therefore, the front wheel 3 a is exposed toward the front of the hull 2. Therefore, the cover 4 is formed so as to cover the outer circumferences 3c and 3d of the wheels 3a and 3b within a range below the floodline W. In addition, about parts other than the above, it is comprised similarly to the amphibious ship 1 of 1st Embodiment, About the component which has the same function, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  By forming the cover 4 in this manner, the wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance generated by the wheels 3a and 3b can be reduced as in the amphibious ship 1 of the first embodiment. It is possible to improve the running performance on water.

  An amphibious ship 1 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The amphibious ship 1 shown in FIG. 5 has the same hull shape as the amphibious ship 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the shape of the cover 4 is different. The cover 4 has a shape that is mounted in a range from the position of the front wheel 3a to the rear of the rear wheel 3b beyond the position of the rear wheel 3b. Therefore, the cover 4 prevents the vortex from being generated behind the front wheel 3a and the rear wheel 3b, and reduces the resistance received on the front surface of the rear wheel 3b. In addition, about parts other than the above, it is comprised similarly to the amphibious ship 1 of 1st Embodiment, About the component which has the same function, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Thus, by forming the cover 4, the wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance generated by the wheels 3 a and 3 b can be reduced as in the amphibious ship 1 of the first embodiment. It is possible to improve the running performance on water.

  An amphibious ship 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. In the amphibious ship 1 shown in FIG. 6, fenders 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d are attached to the front and rear positions of the wheels 3 a and 3 b protruding from the bottom 2 c of the hull 2. These fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are another example having a function as a cover, and are formed in a streamline extending gently from the outer surface of the hull 2 toward the outer surfaces of the wheels 3a and 3b. . Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are smooth oval shapes extending in the front-rear direction around the wheels 3a and 3b so as not to generate wave-forming resistance in the width direction of the hull 2 as well. Is formed.

  Each wheel 3a, 3b is supported by a suspension device. The wheels 3a, 3b are exposed downward from the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d to the extent that they do not interfere with land travel, and the other parts are covered with the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d. It is in a state. In the amphibious ship 1, the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are attached to the bottom 2c of the hull 2, and an arm device is not required. A buoyancy member may be filled between the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d and the bottom 2c of the hull 2, or buoyancy may be generated by covering with a watertight outer shell in a hollow space. At the rear of the hull 2, a water jet propulsion jet 11 is provided in the hull 2 as a water propulsion device.

  In the amphibious ship 1 configured as described above, the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d extending in a streamline from the hull 2 toward the wheels 3a, 3b are attached to the front and rear of the wheels 3a, 3b. , 3b can reduce wave-making resistance and propulsion resistance. And, when changing from land to water or from water to land, there is no need to move the fenders 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d. Further, since it is not necessary to mount the arm device 5 or the like on the hull 2, the total weight of the hull 2 is light, and the size of the hull 2 is not bulky. Furthermore, since the ceiling 2e of the cabin 2d can be made transparent to expand the field of view, it is suitable as an amphibious bus used for waterside tourism.

The side view which shows the amphibious ship of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The bottom view which shows the amphibious ship of FIG. The front view which shows the amphibious ship of FIG. The side view which shows the amphibious ship of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The side view which shows the amphibious ship of 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The side view which shows the amphibious ship of 4th Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The bottom view which shows the cover of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Amphibious ship, 2 ... Hull, 2c ... Bottom part, 3a ... Front wheel (wheel), 3b ... Rear wheel (wheel), 4 ... Cover, 4a ... Outer shell, 4b ... Inside, 5 ... Arm device, 10a, 10b , 10c, 10d ... fenders.

Claims (7)

The hull floating on the water,
A plurality of wheels provided in a state in which a part protrudes downward from the bottom of the hull;
A cover having a buoyancy formed on the outer surface of the hull covering the wheel while the hull floats on the water, and having a continuity with the outer surface of the hull;
An amphibious ship comprising an arm device for moving the cover between a standby state where the hull is lifted upward and a mounted state covering the wheels. 2. The amphibious ship according to claim 1, wherein the cover is formed continuously from a position of a front wheel to a position of a rear wheel with respect to the wheels arranged on the right side and the left side of the hull. The amphibious ship according to claim 2, wherein the cover covers a side portion of the front wheel exposed on both side portions of the hull. The amphibious ship according to claim 1, wherein the cover covers at least an outer periphery of the wheel in a range that is below a flood line. The hull floating on the water,
A plurality of wheels provided in a state in which a part protrudes downward from the bottom of the hull;
An amphibious ship comprising a cover that gently extends from the outer surface of the hull toward the outer surface of the wheel. The amphibious ship according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cover is filled with a buoyancy member. The amphibious ship according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cover has an outer shell formed along the outer shape and is hollow inside.

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