JP2005024258A - Examination method of fumigation warehouse - Google Patents

Examination method of fumigation warehouse Download PDF

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JP2005024258A
JP2005024258A JP2003186720A JP2003186720A JP2005024258A JP 2005024258 A JP2005024258 A JP 2005024258A JP 2003186720 A JP2003186720 A JP 2003186720A JP 2003186720 A JP2003186720 A JP 2003186720A JP 2005024258 A JP2005024258 A JP 2005024258A
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Prior art keywords
gas
warehouse
examination
fumigation
screening
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JP2003186720A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Teruyuki Tsutsumi
輝之 堤
Toshiyuki Koike
俊幸 小池
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Chemicals Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an examination method of methyl bromide substitutional gas in place of a grading examination method of a quarantine warehouse by methyl bromide described in a fumigation warehouse designation outline in a plant protection law. <P>SOLUTION: This examination method of the fumigation warehouse is characterized by using as an examination gas for the fumigation warehouse, a material having the molecular weight of 20-250, the boiling point below 150°C, and the solubility into water below 2.0 g/100 ml (at 20°C). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燻蒸倉庫の審査方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、植物防疫法に基づく植物検疫燻蒸倉庫(以下検疫倉庫と略す)の格付けのための審査方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、検疫倉庫の格付けのための審査方法は植物防疫法の燻蒸倉庫指定要綱(S46年2月6日)に記載されており、その審査ガスとして臭化メチルが指定されている。指定された理由は臭化メチルそれ自体が検疫燻蒸に使用されているためと考えられる。検疫倉庫の格付けにはガス保有力審査および攪拌(循環)装置の審査があり、保有力審査は臭化メチルを該空倉庫に10g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)ガス化投入し、48時間後における倉庫内空間の3ヶ所のガス濃度を干渉計型ガス検定器で測定し、その3ヶ所の測定値の平均値に補正係数を乗じて、その値を投薬量(mg/リットル)で除して、指定基準に適合しているか否か検査する。指定基準はガス保有率が85%以上のとき特A級倉庫、70%以上のときA級倉庫、55%以上のときB級倉庫である。また、該倉庫の攪拌(循環)装置審査は該倉庫に穀物または青果物の貨物を通常の収容状態で収容し、臭化メチルを該貨物の消毒基準薬量をガス化投入し、ただちに攪拌(循環)装置を稼動させた後、倉庫内空間の3ヶ所のガス濃度を干渉計型ガス検定器で測定し、穀物の場合は2時間以内に、青果物の場合は40分以内に、3ヶ所のガス濃度のバラツキが±20%以内か否かを検査する。
【0003】
しかし、臭化メチルは1992年オゾン層破壊物質として規制され、2005年にはその一般用途(エッセンシャルユースは除く)は全廃となる。該倉庫の審査用の臭化メチルの使用は現状において、一般用途に含まれる可能性が大きく、臭化メチルに変わる代替審査ガスおよび審査方法が見つかっていないため、倉庫の審査が出来なくなることが問題化している。
【0004】
一方、圧力容器や気密容器に代表される容器の漏洩検出方法としては、例えばフロンガスを容器内に封入し、ハロゲンガス検出器を用いて容器からの漏洩を検出する方法、6フッ化硫黄を容器内に封入し、容器外周面近傍のガスを吸引して吸収セルに導入し、該吸収セルに炭酸ガスレーザーP線レーザー光の透過光量変化による容器からの漏洩検出方法(特許文献1)、あるいは密封包装袋のピンホールの漏洩検出方法としては例えばヘリュームガスを検査用小袋に封入し、この小袋を密閉包装袋に挿入して、密封包装袋外から操作して小袋のヘリュームを密封包装袋に放出させ該包装袋から漏洩するヘリュームを質量分析器により検出する方法(特許文献2)が提案されている。しかし、これらの方法は気密容器に検査ガスを加圧導入若しくは封入し該容器からの漏洩ガスを該容器の外部から検出する方法のみに使用されているため、検疫倉庫の格付けのための審査方法に適用できるか否かは全く解っていない。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平05−099780号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平07−120347号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は植物防疫法の燻蒸倉庫指定要綱に記載されている臭化メチルによる検疫倉庫の格付け審査方法に変わる臭化メチル代替ガスを使用する審査方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、格付け審査ガスに使用されている臭化メチルの特性が不燃性であること、沸点が比較的低くガス化し易いこと、ガス比重が重いこと、水に対して不溶性であることなどの特性に着眼し、これらの特性を具備しかつオゾン層破壊物質として規制されていない物質を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
即ち、本発明は以下の燻蒸倉庫の審査ガスおよび審査方法を提供する。
1)燻蒸倉庫の格付け審査ガスは分子量が20〜250で、沸点が150℃未満で、かつ水に対する容解度が2.0g/100ml未満(20℃のとき)である物質を使用することを特徴とする燻蒸倉庫の審査方法
2)前記審査ガスは不燃性物質である前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
3)前記審査ガスを該倉庫に投入してから1分〜72時間までに、該倉庫のガス濃度を測定し、ガス保有能力および倉庫装置を審査する前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
4)前記審査ガスは、ネオン(Ne)、アルゴン(Ar)、炭酸ガス(CO)、またはフッ化スルフリル(SO)である前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
5)前記審査ガスは、四塩化炭素(CCl)、塩化メチレン(CHCl)クロロフォルム(CHCl)または沃化メチル(CHI)である前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
6)前記審査ガスは、ハイドロクロロカーボンまたはハイドロフルオロカーボンである前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
7)前記審査ガスは、アルゴン、沃化メチルまたはフッ化スルフリルである前記1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。
【0009】
本発明の燻蒸倉庫の審査ガスは分子量が20〜250で、沸点が150℃未満で、かつ、水に対する溶解度が2.0g/100ml未満(20℃のとき)である物質を使用することを特徴とする。分子量が20未満であると、貨物の消毒基準薬量を該倉庫にガス化投入したとき、倉庫内の内圧が高くなり倉庫から漏洩しやすくなり好ましくなく、250を越えるとガス比重が重くなりすぎガス攪拌に支障を来たす恐れがある。また、沸点が150℃以上になると、低温時において気化ガスが凝縮することが懸念され好ましくなく、また、水に対する溶解度が2.0g/100ml(20℃のとき)以上になると、該倉庫の攪拌(循環)装置審査のとき、該倉庫に穀物、青果物等を適当量収容した状態でガス化投入するため、水分の多い収容物には収着が大きくなり好ましくない。
【0010】
本発明の審査ガスは不燃性物質であり、不燃性物質としては無機ガス、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFCs)、ハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFCs)、ハロゲン化炭化水素であることを特徴とする。
【0011】
無機ガスとしてはネオン(Ne)、アルゴン(Ar)、炭酸ガス(CO)、フッ化スルフリル(SO)などであり、好ましくはアルゴン、炭酸ガス、フッ化スルフリルであり、より好ましくはフッ化スルフリルである。
【0012】
ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFCs)としてはHCFC−123(CHClCF)、HCFC−124(CHClFCF)、HCFC−141b(CHCClF)、HCFC−142b(CHCClF)などであり、好ましくはHCFC−123、HCFC−124であり、より好ましくはHCFC−123である。また、ハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFCs)としてはHFC−23(CHF)、HFC−125(CFCHF)、HFC−134(CHFCHF)、HFC−134a(CFCHF)、HFC−227ea(CFCHFCF)、HFC−236fa(CHFCHCF)、HFC−245ca(CHFCFCHF)、HFC−431−Omee(CFCHFCHFCFCF)である。
【0013】
ハロゲン化炭化水素は四塩化炭素、塩化メチレン、クロロフォルム、沃化メチル等であり、好ましくは塩化メチレン、沃化メチルであり、より好ましくは沃化メチルである。
【0014】
倉庫格付け審査方法としては前記審査ガスを該倉庫に投入してから1分〜72時間までに、該倉庫のガス濃度を測定する。
【0015】
ガス保有力審査としては、審査ガスを該倉庫に投入してから1分〜72時間までに測定をすればよいが、ガスの特性からあまり速くても好ましくなく、長すぎても時間のロスとなり、好ましくは10分〜48時間がよい。
【0016】
測定個所は該倉庫の2ヶ所以上であれば幾つでも良いが、測定個数が多くなると測定時間が長く掛かるので3〜9ヶ所が好ましい。
【0017】
該倉庫の測定個所の測定位置は該倉庫の対角線上の上、中、下の3ヶ所が好ましい。
【0018】
ガス保有力審査については3〜9ヶ所のガス濃度測定値の平均値を単位投入量(mg/リットル)でもって、また、攪拌(循環)装置審査については、3〜9ヶ所のガス濃度測定値のバラツキが±20%以内でもって、指定基準に適合しているか否か検査することが好ましい。
【0019】
該倉庫へのガス化投入方法としてはボンベまたは気化器を使用することが好ましいが、更に、該倉庫の外側に循環ブロワーを取付け、倉庫の空気と投入ガスが混合し、循環できるのがより好ましい。
【0020】
気化器には気化ガスと倉庫の空気とが混合する循環ブロワーの付いているものがより好ましい。
【0021】
検疫倉庫には倉庫、サイロ、コンテナーが含まれる。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下本発明を実施例および比較例を用いて詳細に説明するがこれに限定するものではない。
【0023】
[実施例1]
図1は沃化メチルガスによる検疫燻蒸用倉庫のガス保有力および攪拌(循環)能力の格付け審査をする方法であり、図1に従って説明する。約1,000mの鉄筋コンクリート倉庫1に予め、ガス濃度測定用サンプリングホース13を倉庫対角線上の隅上A、中央中B、隅下Cの3ヶ所に設置し、倉庫1の外からガス濃度が測定できるように配管する。循環ブロワー5は吸入導管2および吐出導管3により倉庫1と連結する。気化器6は吸入導管2に接続する。沃化メチルボンベ7はデジタル秤8にて重量を計量した後、気化器6に導管9で連結する。気化器6は電気ヒーターで加熱媒体の水を約90℃まで加温する。
【0024】
ガス保有力審査は倉庫1に備付けてある攪拌扇4−1、4−2を稼動し、次いで、吸入側バルブ11および吐出側バルブ12を(開)とし、循環ブロワー5を稼動する。沃化メチルの投入は沃化メチルボンベ7のバルブ10を徐々に開き、2kg/分の速度で臭化メチル基準薬量と同じ10g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、10kgを導管9から気化器6に導入しガス化させる。ガス化した沃化メチルは吸入導管に導入され、空気と混合されて吐出導管3から倉庫1に投入され、攪拌扇4−1,4−2で倉庫内に拡散される。投入終了はデジタル秤で所定重量を確認し、正確な投入量はボンベ7と導管9を取外して計量し直す。
【0025】
投入終了15分、30分、60分、24時間経過後に倉庫外に配管してあるサンプリングホース13のA,B,Cの3ヶ所から干渉計型ガス検定器(理研式18型;メーカー:理研計器(株))でガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度がほぼ均一になっていることを確認する。投入終了から48時間経過後に前記と同様にガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度平均値を求め、この値を正確な倉庫単位投入量(mg/リットル)で除してガス保有率を算出し、この保有率から植物防疫法の燻蒸倉庫指定要綱に準拠した指定基準により保有力審査をする。
【0026】
つぎに、攪拌(循環)能力審査はガス保有力審査が終了した該倉庫に玉ねぎを0.08トン/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、約80トン収容する。この倉庫に前記と同様にガス濃度測定用サンプリングホース13を設置し、また、循環ブロワー5および気化器6を連結し、気化器を加温する。
【0027】
沃化メチルは臭化メチルの玉ねぎ消毒基準薬量に準じた48.5g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、48.5kgを10kg/分の速度で投入する。投入終了後、直ちに倉庫1に備付けてある攪拌扇4−1、4−2を稼動し、10分間隔毎に倉庫外に配管してあるサンプリングホース13のA,B,Cの3ヶ所から干渉計型ガス検定器(理研式21型;メーカー:理研計器(株))でガス濃度を測定し、投入終了後10分間隔毎に3ヶ所のガス濃度を測定し、その3ヶ所の平均濃度に±20%を乗じて、その値の幅から攪拌(循環)能力審査をする。この実施例1の結果を表1、2に示す。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 2005024258
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 2005024258
【0030】
[参考例1]
実施例1の該倉庫に、従来からの指定されている臭化メチルガスを使用して沃化メチルと同様にガス保有力審査および攪拌能力審査をする。この参考例の結果を表3、4に示す。
【0031】
【表3】
Figure 2005024258
【0032】
【表4】
Figure 2005024258
【0033】
実施例1および参考例1から沃化メチルガスによる燻蒸倉庫の格付け審査は従来から使用されている臭化メチルガスと比較してほとんど差がないことが解った。
【0034】
[実施例2]
アルゴンガスによる検疫燻蒸倉庫約1,000mのガス保有力および攪拌(循環)能力を審査する方法を図2に従って説明する。倉庫21に予め、ガス濃度測定用サンプリングホース32を倉庫対角線上の隅上A、中央中B、隅下Cの3ヶ所に設置し、倉庫21の外からガス濃度が測定できるように配管する。循環ブロワー25は吸入導管22および吐出導管23で倉庫21に連結する。ガスメーター27は導管で吸入導管22に連結する。アルゴンガスボンベ26は導管28でガスメーターに連結する。
【0035】
ガス保有力審査は倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2を稼動し、次いで、吸入側バルブ30および吐出側バルブ31を(開)とし、循環ブロワー25を稼動する。アルゴンガスの投入はアルゴンボンベ26のバルブ29を徐々に開き、3m/分の速度で臭化メチル基準薬量と同じ10g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、6.0m(20℃のとき)をガスメーター27で計量しながら倉庫21に投入する。投入回路はアルゴンボンベ26からガスメーター27を連結している導管28を通り、さらに、ガスメーター27と吸入導管22を連結している導管を通って吸入導管22に導入される。導入されたアルゴンガスは空気と混合されながら循環ブロワー15で吸引され、吐出導管23から倉庫21に投入され、攪拌扇24−1,24−2で倉庫内に拡散される。投入終了はガスメーター27で所定量を確認する。
【0036】
濃度測定は倉庫外に配管してあるサンプリングホース32のA,B,Cを循環ポンプで置換しておき、投入終了15分、30分、60分、24時間経過後に、真空にしておいた1リットルガラス製ガス採取ビン3個にA、B、Cそれぞれのガスを採取する。採取したビンからガスタイトシリンジで1ml正確に採取し、ガスクロマトグラフ(GC−14B;メーカー:(株)島津製作所)に注入し、あらかじめ作製しておいた検量線からガス濃度を求める。
【0037】
ガスクロマトグラフの測定条件は下記の通りである。
【0038】
検出器;TCD
カラム条件;ガラスカラム:3φ×3m、温度:40℃
充填剤;Molecular Sieve 5A 60/80meshキャリアガス;ヘリュ−ム:20ml/分
感度;120mA×4
【0039】
3ヶ所のガス濃度がほぼ均一になっていることを確認したのち、投入終了から48時間経過後に前記と同様にガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度平均値を求め、この値を単位投入量(mg/リットル)で除してガス保有率を算出し、このガス保有率から保有力審査をする。つぎに、ガス保有力審査が終了した該倉庫に玉ねぎを0.08トン/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、80トン収容し、このときのアルゴンガスの投入量は臭化メチルの玉ねぎ消毒基準薬量に準じた48.5g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、29.1m(20℃のとき)を6m/分の投入速度で、ガス保有力検査のときと同様に投入を行なう。(ただし、倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2の稼動はしない。)投入終了後、直ちに倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2を稼動し、10分間隔毎に倉庫外に配管してあるサンプリングホース32のA,B,Cの3ヶ所から、前記と同様に該倉庫のガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度測定値の平均濃度に±20%を乗して、その値の範囲内から攪拌(循環)能力審査をする。この実施例2の結果を表5、6に示す。
【0040】
【表5】
Figure 2005024258
【0041】
【表6】
Figure 2005024258
【0042】
[参考例2]
実施例2の該倉庫に、従来からの指定されている臭化メチルガスを使用してアルゴンガスと同様にガス保有力審査および攪拌能力審査をする。この参考例2の結果を表7、8に示す。
【0043】
【表7】
Figure 2005024258
【0044】
【表8】
Figure 2005024258
【0045】
実施例2および参考例2からアルゴンガスによる燻蒸倉庫の格付け審査は従来から使用されている臭化メチルガスと比較してほとんど差がないことが解った。
【0046】
[実施例3]
フッ化スルフリルガスによる検疫燻蒸倉庫約1,000mのガス保有力および攪拌(循環)能力を審査する方法を図2に従って説明する。倉庫21に予め、ガス濃度測定用サンプリングホース32を倉庫対角線上の隅上A、中央中B、隅下Cの3ヶ所に設置し、倉庫21の外からガス濃度が測定できるように配管する。循環ブロワー25は吸入導管22および吐出導管23で倉庫21に連結する。ガスメーター27は導管で吸入導管22に連結する。フッ化スルフリルガスボンベ26は導管28でガスメーターに連結する。
【0047】
ガス保有力審査は倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2を稼動し、次いで、吸入側バルブ30および吐出側バルブ31を(開)とし、循環ブロワー25を稼動する。フッ化スルフリルガスの投入はフッ化スルフリルボンベ26のバルブ29を徐々に開き、1m/分の速度で臭化メチル基準薬量と同じ10g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、2.35m(20℃のとき)をガスメーター27で計量しながら倉庫21に投入する。投入回路はフッ化スルフリルボンベ26からガスメーター27を連結している導管28を通り、さらに、ガスメーター27と吸入導管22を連結している導管を通って吸入導管22に導入される。導入されたフッ化スルフリルガスは空気と混合されながら循環ブロワー25で吸引され、吐出導管23から倉庫21に投入され、攪拌扇24−1,24−2で倉庫内に拡散される。投入終了はガスメーター27で所定量を確認する。
【0048】
濃度測定は、投入終了15分、30分、60分、24時間経過後に、Fumiscope(メーカー;Key Chemical & Equipment Co. Inc.)で測定する。
【0049】
3ヶ所のガス濃度がほぼ均一になっていることを確認したのち、投入終了から48時間経過後に前記と同様にガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度平均値に補正係数を乗じて、この値を単位投入量(mg/リットル)で除してガス保有率を算出し、このガス保有率から保有力審査をする。つぎに、ガス保有力審査が終了した該倉庫に玉ねぎを0.08トン/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、80トン収容し、このときのアルゴンガスの投入量は臭化メチルの玉ねぎ消毒基準薬量に準じた48.5g/m(倉庫内容積当たり)即ち、11.4m(20℃のとき)を2m/分の投入速度で、ガス保有力検査のときと同様に投入を行なう。(ただし、倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2の稼動はしない。)投入終了後、直ちに倉庫21に備付けてある攪拌扇24−1、24−2を稼動し、10分間隔毎に倉庫外に配管してあるサンプリングホース32のA,B,Cの3ヶ所から、前記と同様に該倉庫のガス濃度を測定し、3ヶ所のガス濃度測定値の平均濃度に補正係数を乗じた値に±20%を乗じて、その値の範囲内から攪拌(循環)能力審査をする。この実施例3の結果を表9、10に示す。
【0050】
【表9】
Figure 2005024258
【0051】
【表10】
Figure 2005024258
【0052】
[参考例3]
実施例3の該倉庫に、従来からの指定されている臭化メチルガスを使用してフッ化スルフリルガスと同様にガス保有力審査および攪拌能力審査をした結果、上記参考例2で示したものと同様の結果が得られた。
【0053】
実施例3および参考例3からフッ化スルフリルガスによる燻蒸倉庫の格付け審査は従来から使用されている臭化メチルガスと比較してほとんど差がないことが解った。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明の検疫倉庫の格付け審査ガスの審査方法によれば、植物防疫法の燻蒸倉庫指定要綱に記載されている臭化メチル審査ガスによる審査方法の代替を可能とする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】沃化メチルによる検疫燻蒸倉庫のガス保有力および攪拌(循環)能力審査方法を示す図である。
【図2】アルゴンガスまたはフッ化スルフリルガスによる検疫燻蒸倉庫のガス保有力および攪拌(循環)能力審査方法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
図1
1.倉庫
2.吸入導管
3.吐出導管
4−1.攪拌扇
4−2.攪拌扇
5.循環ブロワー
6.気化器
7.沃化メチルボンベ
8.デジタル秤
9.導管
10.バルブ
11.吸入側バルブ
12.吐出側バルブ
13.サンプリングホース
A.ガス採取口(上層)
B.ガス採取口(中層)
C.ガス採取口(下層)
図2
21.倉庫
22.吸入導管
23.吐出導管
24−1.攪拌扇
24−2.攪拌扇
25.循環ブロワー
26.アルゴンガスまたはフッ化スルフリルガスボンベ
27.ガスメーター
28.導管
29.バルブ
30.吸入側バルブ
31.吐出側バルブ
32.サンプリングホース
A.ガス採取口(上層)
B.ガス採取口(中層)
C.ガス採取口(下層)[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a screening method for a fumigation warehouse. More specifically, the present invention relates to a screening method for rating a plant quarantine fumigation warehouse (hereinafter referred to as a quarantine warehouse) based on the Plant Quarantine Law.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a screening method for rating a quarantine warehouse has been described in a fumigation warehouse designation guideline (February 6, S46) of the Plant Protection Law, and methyl bromide has been designated as its examination gas. The reason for the designation may be that methyl bromide itself is used for quarantine fumigation. The rating of quarantine warehouses includes a gas holding power examination and a stirring (circulation) device examination. For holding power examination, methyl bromide is charged into the empty warehouse by gasification at 10 g / m 3 (per volume in the warehouse) for 48 hours. Later, the gas concentration at three locations in the warehouse space was measured with an interferometer-type gas tester, and the average of the measured values at the three locations was multiplied by a correction factor, and the value was divided by the dosage (mg / liter). Then, it is checked whether or not it conforms to the specified standard. The designated standard is a special class A warehouse when the gas holding ratio is 85% or higher, a class A warehouse when the gas holding ratio is 70% or higher, and a class B warehouse when the gas holding ratio is 55% or higher. The warehouse agitation (circulation) device examination is for storing the cargo of grain or fruits and vegetables in the normal storage state, gasifying and introducing methyl bromide with the standard amount for disinfection of the cargo, and immediately stirring (circulation). ) After operating the equipment, measure the gas concentration at the three locations in the warehouse space with an interferometer-type gas tester, and within 3 hours for cereals and 40 minutes for fruits and vegetables. Inspect whether the concentration variation is within ± 20%.
[0003]
However, methyl bromide was regulated as an ozone depleting substance in 1992, and its general use (excluding essential use) will be abolished in 2005. At present, the use of methyl bromide for the inspection of the warehouse is likely to be included in general use, and an alternative inspection gas and inspection method that replaces methyl bromide has not been found. It has become a problem.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a leakage detection method for a container represented by a pressure vessel or an airtight vessel, for example, a method in which chlorofluorocarbon gas is sealed in a vessel and leakage from the vessel is detected using a halogen gas detector, sulfur hexafluoride is used in the vessel. A method for detecting leakage from a container by changing the amount of transmitted light of carbon dioxide laser P-line laser light into the absorption cell (Patent Document 1) or As a method for detecting leaks in pinholes in sealed packaging bags, for example, helium gas is sealed in an inspection sachet, this sachet is inserted into the sealed packaging bag, and the helme in the sachet is released into the sealed packaging bag by operating from outside the sealed packaging bag. In addition, a method (Patent Document 2) has been proposed in which helium leaking from the packaging bag is detected by a mass analyzer. However, since these methods are used only for the method in which a test gas is introduced into or sealed in an airtight container and leakage gas from the container is detected from the outside of the container, an examination method for rating a quarantine warehouse It is not known at all whether it can be applied.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 05-099780 A [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-120347
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an examination method using methyl bromide alternative gas, which is used in place of the rating examination method of a quarantine warehouse by methyl bromide described in the fumigation warehouse designation outline of the Plant Protection Law.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention indicate that the properties of methyl bromide used in the rating screening gas are nonflammable, have a relatively low boiling point, are easily gasified, have a high gas specific gravity, and are insoluble in water. In view of these characteristics, the present inventors have found a substance that has these characteristics and is not regulated as an ozone-depleting substance, and has completed the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the present invention provides the following examination gas and examination method for a fumigation warehouse.
1) The rating examination gas of the fumigation warehouse should use a substance having a molecular weight of 20 to 250, a boiling point of less than 150 ° C, and a solubility in water of less than 2.0 g / 100 ml (at 20 ° C). 2. Fumigation warehouse examination method 2) The fumigation warehouse examination method according to 1 above, wherein the examination gas is an incombustible substance.
3) The examination method for a fumigation warehouse according to 1 above, wherein the gas concentration in the warehouse is measured and the gas holding capacity and the warehouse apparatus are examined within 1 minute to 72 hours after the examination gas is introduced into the warehouse.
4) The examination method for a fumigation warehouse as described in 1 above, wherein the examination gas is neon (Ne), argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2 ).
5) The examination method for a fumigation warehouse as described in 1 above, wherein the examination gas is carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ) chloroform (CHCl 3 ) or methyl iodide (CH 3 I).
6) The examination method for a fumigation warehouse as described in 1 above, wherein the examination gas is hydrochlorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon.
7) The examination method for a fumigation warehouse as described in 1 above, wherein the examination gas is argon, methyl iodide or sulfuryl fluoride.
[0009]
The examination gas of the fumigation warehouse of the present invention uses a substance having a molecular weight of 20 to 250, a boiling point of less than 150 ° C., and a solubility in water of less than 2.0 g / 100 ml (at 20 ° C.). And When the molecular weight is less than 20, when the cargo disinfecting reference chemical amount is gasified into the warehouse, the internal pressure in the warehouse becomes high and it is easy to leak from the warehouse, and when it exceeds 250, the gas specific gravity becomes too heavy. There is a risk of hindering gas agitation. Further, if the boiling point is 150 ° C. or higher, the vaporized gas may be condensed at a low temperature, which is not preferable. If the solubility in water is 2.0 g / 100 ml (20 ° C.) or higher, the warehouse is stirred. (Circulation) At the time of device examination, gasification is performed with an appropriate amount of grains, fruits and vegetables stored in the warehouse.
[0010]
The examination gas of the present invention is a nonflammable substance, and the nonflammable substance is an inorganic gas, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), or halogenated hydrocarbon.
[0011]
Examples of the inorganic gas include neon (Ne), argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2 ), and the like, preferably argon, carbon dioxide, sulfuryl fluoride, and more preferably It is sulfuryl fluoride.
[0012]
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) include HCFC-123 (CHCl 2 CF 3 ), HCFC-124 (CHClFCF 3 ), HCFC-141b (CH 3 CCl 2 F), HCFC-142b (CH 3 CClF 2 ), etc. HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 are preferable, and HCFC-123 is more preferable. Further, as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), HFC-23 (CHF 3 ), HFC-125 (CF 3 CHF 2 ), HFC-134 (CHF 2 CHF 2 ), HFC-134a (CF 3 CH 2 F), HFC- 227ea (CF 3 CHFCF 3), HFC-236fa (CH 2 FCH 2 CF 3), HFC-245ca (CHF 2 CF 2 CH 2 F), a HFC-431-Omee (CF 3 CHFCHFCF 2 CF 3).
[0013]
The halogenated hydrocarbon is carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, methyl iodide or the like, preferably methylene chloride or methyl iodide, more preferably methyl iodide.
[0014]
As a warehouse rating examination method, the gas concentration in the warehouse is measured from 1 minute to 72 hours after the examination gas is introduced into the warehouse.
[0015]
As a gas holding power examination, it is only necessary to measure from 1 minute to 72 hours after the examination gas is put into the warehouse. , Preferably 10 minutes to 48 hours.
[0016]
The number of measurement locations is not limited as long as it is two or more in the warehouse, but as the number of measurement increases, it takes longer measurement time, and 3 to 9 locations are preferable.
[0017]
The measurement positions of the measurement points of the warehouse are preferably the upper, middle and lower three points on the diagonal line of the warehouse.
[0018]
For the gas holding power examination, the average value of the measured gas concentration values at 3 to 9 locations is the unit input (mg / liter), and for the stirring (circulation) device examination, the measured gas concentration values at 3 to 9 locations. It is preferable to check whether or not the variation is within ± 20% and whether the specified standard is met.
[0019]
As a gasification input method to the warehouse, it is preferable to use a cylinder or a vaporizer, but it is more preferable that a circulation blower is attached to the outside of the warehouse so that the warehouse air and the input gas can be mixed and circulated. .
[0020]
More preferably, the vaporizer has a circulation blower in which vaporized gas and warehouse air are mixed.
[0021]
Quarantine warehouses include warehouses, silos, and containers.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail using examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0023]
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 shows a method for evaluating the gas holding capacity and stirring (circulation) capacity of a quarantine fumigation warehouse using methyl iodide gas, which will be described with reference to FIG. In the reinforced concrete warehouse 1 of about 1,000 m 3 , gas concentration measurement sampling hoses 13 are installed in three locations, the upper corner A, the middle center B, and the lower corner C, on the diagonal of the warehouse. Piping for measurement. The circulation blower 5 is connected to the warehouse 1 by a suction conduit 2 and a discharge conduit 3. The vaporizer 6 is connected to the suction conduit 2. The methyl iodide cylinder 7 is weighed by a digital balance 8 and then connected to the vaporizer 6 by a conduit 9. The vaporizer 6 heats water as a heating medium to about 90 ° C. with an electric heater.
[0024]
In the gas holding power examination, the stirring fans 4-1 and 4-2 installed in the warehouse 1 are operated, and then the suction side valve 11 and the discharge side valve 12 are opened (open), and the circulation blower 5 is operated. The methyl iodide is charged by gradually opening the valve 10 of the methyl iodide cylinder 7 at the rate of 2 kg / min, which is 10 g / m 3 (per warehouse volume) which is the same as the standard amount of methyl bromide. The gas is introduced into the vaporizer 6 and gasified. The gasified methyl iodide is introduced into the suction conduit, mixed with air, introduced into the warehouse 1 from the discharge conduit 3, and diffused into the warehouse by the stirring fans 4-1 and 4-2. At the end of charging, the predetermined weight is confirmed with a digital scale, and the exact charging amount is removed by removing the cylinder 7 and the conduit 9 and re-weighing.
[0025]
Interferometer-type gas tester (RIKEN type 18; manufacturer: RIKEN) from three locations A, B, and C of the sampling hose 13 piped outside the warehouse after the lapse of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours Measure the gas concentration with Keiki Co., Ltd. and confirm that the gas concentrations at the three locations are almost uniform. After 48 hours from the end of charging, the gas concentration is measured in the same manner as described above, the average gas concentration at three locations is obtained, and this value is divided by the exact warehouse unit input (mg / liter) to calculate the gas retention rate. Based on this holding ratio, the holding power will be examined according to the designated standards in accordance with the fumigation warehouse designated outline of the Plant Protection Law.
[0026]
Next, in the agitation (circulation) capacity examination, 0.08 tons / m 3 (per warehouse volume), that is, about 80 tons is stored in the warehouse where the gas holding ability examination is completed. In this warehouse, the gas concentration measurement sampling hose 13 is installed in the same manner as described above, the circulation blower 5 and the vaporizer 6 are connected, and the vaporizer is heated.
[0027]
Methyl iodide is charged at 48.5 g / m 3 (per volume in the warehouse) according to the standard amount of onion disinfection of methyl bromide, that is, 48.5 kg at a rate of 10 kg / min. Immediately after the introduction, the agitating fans 4-1 and 4-2 installed in the warehouse 1 are operated, and interference is caused from three points A, B and C of the sampling hose 13 piped outside the warehouse every 10 minutes. Gas concentration is measured with a meter-type gas tester (RIKEN type 21; manufacturer: Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.), and three gas concentrations are measured every 10 minutes after the end of charging, and the average concentration at the three locations is measured. Multiply by ± 20% and examine the stirring (circulation) ability from the range of the value. The results of Example 1 are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005024258
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 2005024258
[0030]
[Reference Example 1]
In the warehouse of Example 1, the gas holding power examination and the stirring ability examination are conducted in the same manner as methyl iodide using the conventionally designated methyl bromide gas. The results of this reference example are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
[0031]
[Table 3]
Figure 2005024258
[0032]
[Table 4]
Figure 2005024258
[0033]
From Example 1 and Reference Example 1, it was found that the rating examination of the fumigation warehouse using methyl iodide gas was almost the same as that of the conventionally used methyl bromide gas.
[0034]
[Example 2]
A method for examining the gas holding capacity and stirring (circulation) capacity of a quarantine fumigation warehouse of about 1,000 m 3 with argon gas will be described with reference to FIG. Gas concentration measurement sampling hoses 32 are installed in advance in the warehouse 21 at three locations on the corner diagonal A, center B, and corner C on the warehouse diagonal so that the gas concentration can be measured from outside the warehouse 21. The circulation blower 25 is connected to the warehouse 21 by a suction conduit 22 and a discharge conduit 23. The gas meter 27 is connected to the suction conduit 22 by a conduit. Argon gas cylinder 26 is connected to a gas meter by conduit 28.
[0035]
In the gas holding power examination, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 provided in the warehouse 21 are operated, and then the suction side valve 30 and the discharge side valve 31 are opened (open), and the circulation blower 25 is operated. The argon gas was introduced by gradually opening the valve 29 of the argon cylinder 26 at a rate of 3 m 3 / min, which was 10 g / m 3 (per volume in the warehouse), ie 6.0 m 3 (20 ° C.). Are put into the warehouse 21 while being measured by the gas meter 27. The charging circuit is introduced from the argon cylinder 26 through the conduit 28 connecting the gas meter 27 to the suction conduit 22 through the conduit connecting the gas meter 27 and the suction conduit 22. The introduced argon gas is sucked by the circulation blower 15 while being mixed with air, charged into the warehouse 21 through the discharge conduit 23, and diffused into the warehouse by the stirring fans 24-1 and 24-2. At the end of charging, a predetermined amount is confirmed with the gas meter 27.
[0036]
Concentration measurement was performed by replacing A, B, and C of the sampling hose 32 piped outside the warehouse with a circulation pump, and evacuating after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours from the end of charging. A, B, and C gases are collected in three liter glass gas collection bottles. 1 ml is accurately collected from the collected bottle with a gas tight syringe, injected into a gas chromatograph (GC-14B; manufacturer: Shimadzu Corporation), and the gas concentration is determined from a calibration curve prepared in advance.
[0037]
The measurement conditions of the gas chromatograph are as follows.
[0038]
Detector; TCD
Column conditions; glass column: 3φ × 3 m, temperature: 40 ° C.
Filler; Molecular Sieve 5A 60/80 mesh carrier gas; Helium: 20 ml / min sensitivity; 120 mA × 4
[0039]
After confirming that the gas concentrations at the three locations are almost uniform, measure the gas concentration in the same manner as described above after 48 hours from the end of the input, obtain the average value of the gas concentrations at the three locations, and input this value as a unit. Divide by the amount (mg / liter) to calculate the gas retention rate, and examine the retention force from this gas retention rate. Next, 0.08 tons / m 3 (per warehouse volume), that is, 80 tons of onions are accommodated in the warehouse where the gas holding power examination is completed, and the amount of argon gas input at this time is the onion disinfection of methyl bromide. Input 48.5 g / m 3 (per warehouse volume) according to the standard dose, that is, 29.1 m 3 (at 20 ° C) at an input speed of 6 m 3 / min, as in the case of the gas holding power test. To do. (However, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 installed in the warehouse 21 are not operated.) Immediately after the charging is completed, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 equipped in the warehouse 21 are operated immediately for 10 minutes. The gas concentration in the warehouse is measured from the three locations A, B, and C of the sampling hose 32 piped outside the warehouse at intervals, and the average concentration of the measured gas concentration values at the three locations is ± 20. Multiply by%, and check the stirring (circulation) ability within the range of the value. The results of Example 2 are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
[0040]
[Table 5]
Figure 2005024258
[0041]
[Table 6]
Figure 2005024258
[0042]
[Reference Example 2]
In the warehouse of Example 2, a gas holding power examination and a stirring ability examination are conducted in the same manner as argon gas using a conventionally designated methyl bromide gas. The results of Reference Example 2 are shown in Tables 7 and 8.
[0043]
[Table 7]
Figure 2005024258
[0044]
[Table 8]
Figure 2005024258
[0045]
From Example 2 and Reference Example 2, it was found that the rating examination of the fumigation warehouse with argon gas had almost no difference compared with the conventionally used methyl bromide gas.
[0046]
[Example 3]
A method for examining the gas holding capacity and stirring (circulation) capacity of a quarantine fumigation warehouse of about 1,000 m 3 with sulfuryl fluoride gas will be described with reference to FIG. Gas concentration measurement sampling hoses 32 are installed in advance in the warehouse 21 at three locations on the corner diagonal A, center B, and corner C on the warehouse diagonal so that the gas concentration can be measured from outside the warehouse 21. The circulation blower 25 is connected to the warehouse 21 by a suction conduit 22 and a discharge conduit 23. The gas meter 27 is connected to the suction conduit 22 by a conduit. The sulfuryl gas cylinder 26 is connected to a gas meter by a conduit 28.
[0047]
In the gas holding power examination, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 provided in the warehouse 21 are operated, and then the suction side valve 30 and the discharge side valve 31 are opened (open), and the circulation blower 25 is operated. The sulfuryl fluoride gas is introduced by gradually opening the valve 29 of the sulfur fluoride cylinder 26 at the rate of 1 m 3 / min, which is 10 g / m 3 (per warehouse volume), which is the same as the standard amount of methyl bromide, ie 2.35 m. 3 (at 20 ° C.) is put into the warehouse 21 while being measured by the gas meter 27. The charging circuit is introduced from the sulfuryl cylinder 26 through the conduit 28 connecting the gas meter 27 to the intake conduit 22 through the conduit connecting the gas meter 27 and the intake conduit 22. The introduced sulfuryl fluoride gas is sucked by the circulation blower 25 while being mixed with air, charged into the warehouse 21 through the discharge conduit 23, and diffused into the warehouse by the stirring fans 24-1 and 24-2. At the end of charging, a predetermined amount is confirmed with the gas meter 27.
[0048]
Concentration measurement is performed with Fumiscopy (manufacturer; Key Chemical & Equipment Co. Inc.) 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours after the end of the charging.
[0049]
After confirming that the gas concentrations at the three locations are almost uniform, measure the gas concentration in the same manner as described above after 48 hours from the end of charging, and multiply the average value of the gas concentrations at the three locations by the correction coefficient. Divide the value by the unit input amount (mg / liter) to calculate the gas retention rate, and examine the retention capability from this gas retention rate. Next, 0.08 tons / m 3 (per warehouse volume), that is, 80 tons of onions are accommodated in the warehouse where the gas holding power examination is completed, and the amount of argon gas input at this time is the onion disinfection of methyl bromide. 48.5 g / m 3 (per warehouse volume) according to the standard dosage, that is, 11.4 m 3 (at 20 ° C.) at 2 m 3 / min. To do. (However, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 installed in the warehouse 21 are not operated.) Immediately after the charging is completed, the agitating fans 24-1 and 24-2 equipped in the warehouse 21 are operated immediately for 10 minutes. The gas concentration in the warehouse is measured from the three locations A, B, and C of the sampling hose 32 piped outside the warehouse at every interval in the same manner as described above, and the correction coefficient is set to the average concentration of the three measured gas concentration values. Multiply the value multiplied by ± 20% and examine the stirring (circulation) ability from the range of the value. The results of Example 3 are shown in Tables 9 and 10.
[0050]
[Table 9]
Figure 2005024258
[0051]
[Table 10]
Figure 2005024258
[0052]
[Reference Example 3]
As a result of conducting a gas holding examination and a stirring ability examination in the warehouse of Example 3 using a conventionally designated methyl bromide gas in the same manner as sulfuryl fluoride gas, the result shown in Reference Example 2 above was obtained. Similar results were obtained.
[0053]
From Example 3 and Reference Example 3, it was found that the rating examination of the fumigation warehouse with sulfuryl fluoride gas had almost no difference compared with the conventionally used methyl bromide gas.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the screening method for rating screening gas of the quarantine warehouse of the present invention, it is possible to replace the screening method using the methyl bromide screening gas described in the fumigation warehouse designation outline of the Plant Protection Law.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for examining the gas holding capacity and stirring (circulation) capacity of a quarantine fumigation warehouse using methyl iodide.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method for examining gas holding capacity and stirring (circulation) capacity in a quarantine fumigation warehouse using argon gas or sulfuryl fluoride gas.
[Explanation of symbols]
FIG.
1. Warehouse 2. 2. Inhalation conduit Discharge conduit 4-1. Stirring fan 4-2. 4. Stirring fan Circulating blower6. 6. Vaporizer 7. Methyl iodide cylinder Digital scale9. Conduit 10. Valve 11. Suction side valve 12. Discharge side valve 13. Sampling hose A. Gas sampling port (upper layer)
B. Gas sampling port (middle layer)
C. Gas sampling port (lower layer)
FIG.
21. Warehouse 22. Suction conduit 23. Discharge conduit 24-1. Stirring fan 24-2. Stirring fan 25. Circulation blower 26. 27. Argon gas or sulfuryl gas cylinder Gas meter 28. Conduit 29. Valve 30. Suction valve 31. Discharge side valve 32. Sampling hose A. Gas sampling port (upper layer)
B. Gas sampling port (middle layer)
C. Gas sampling port (lower layer)

Claims (7)

燻蒸倉庫の審査ガスとして分子量が20〜250で、沸点が150℃未満で、かつ水に対する溶解度が2.0g/100ml未満(20℃のとき)である物質を使用することを特徴とする燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。A fumigation warehouse characterized by using a substance having a molecular weight of 20 to 250, a boiling point of less than 150 ° C., and a solubility in water of less than 2.0 g / 100 ml (at 20 ° C.) as the examination gas for the fumigation warehouse. Screening method. 前記審査ガスは不燃性物質である請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。2. The examination method for a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the examination gas is an incombustible substance. 前記審査ガスを該倉庫に投入してから1分〜72時間までに、該倉庫のガス濃度を測定し、ガス保有能力および倉庫装置を審査する請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。The method for examining a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the gas concentration in the warehouse is measured and the gas holding capacity and the warehouse apparatus are examined within 1 minute to 72 hours after the examination gas is introduced into the warehouse. 前記審査ガスは、ネオン(Ne)、アルゴン(Ar)、炭酸ガス(CO)またはフッ化スルフリル(SO)である請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。The method for screening a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the screening gas is neon (Ne), argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2 ). 前記審査ガスは、四塩化炭素(CCl)、塩化メチレン(CHCl)、クロロフォルム(CHCl)または沃化メチル(CHI)である請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。The method for screening a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the screening gas is carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ), or methyl iodide (CH 3 I). 前記審査ガスは、ハイドロクロロカーボンまたはハイドロフルオロカーボンである請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。The examination method for a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the examination gas is hydrochlorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon. 前記審査ガスは、アルゴン、沃化メチルまたはフッ化スルフリルである請求項1記載の燻蒸倉庫の審査方法。2. The examination method for a fumigation warehouse according to claim 1, wherein the examination gas is argon, methyl iodide or sulfuryl fluoride.
JP2003186720A 2003-06-30 2003-06-30 Examination method of fumigation warehouse Withdrawn JP2005024258A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006349365A (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-28 Asahi Kasei Homes Kk Tracer gas emission method and container
JP4540131B1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2010-09-08 中部資材株式会社 Method of inspecting and repairing the inner wall of concrete silobin
CN106404514A (en) * 2015-11-29 2017-02-15 杭州跟策科技有限公司 Chloroform fumigating apparatus
CN113804373A (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-17 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Battery pack air tightness detection method

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006349365A (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-28 Asahi Kasei Homes Kk Tracer gas emission method and container
JP4628193B2 (en) * 2005-06-13 2011-02-09 旭化成ホームズ株式会社 Tracer gas emission method and emission container
JP4540131B1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2010-09-08 中部資材株式会社 Method of inspecting and repairing the inner wall of concrete silobin
JP2011173608A (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-09-08 Chubu Shizai Kk Inspection method and repair method for inner wall of concrete silo bin
CN106404514A (en) * 2015-11-29 2017-02-15 杭州跟策科技有限公司 Chloroform fumigating apparatus
CN113804373A (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-17 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Battery pack air tightness detection method
CN113804373B (en) * 2020-06-12 2023-12-15 宇通客车股份有限公司 Battery pack air tightness detection method

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