JP2005021914A - Hardening flux - Google Patents

Hardening flux Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005021914A
JP2005021914A JP2003187398A JP2003187398A JP2005021914A JP 2005021914 A JP2005021914 A JP 2005021914A JP 2003187398 A JP2003187398 A JP 2003187398A JP 2003187398 A JP2003187398 A JP 2003187398A JP 2005021914 A JP2005021914 A JP 2005021914A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
solder
alkyl
flux
betaine
hardening
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JP2003187398A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4119319B2 (en
Inventor
Kazuya Nagatomi
和哉 永富
Satoru Katsurayama
悟 桂山
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high reliability for solder-joining, in a secondary soldering ball package process by using a hardening flux. <P>SOLUTION: In the hardening flux used for solder-joining and reinforcing the solder-joined part, an amphoteric surfactant is contained, and desirably, this hardening flux contains epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups and a hardening agent having at least two phenolic hydroxyl group in one molecule and at least one or more carboxyl group in one molecule. Then, as the amphoteric surfactants, alkyl dimethyl amino betaine acetate, alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, alkyl carboxy methyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine, alkyl amido propyl betaine, alkyl hydroxy sulfo betaine, alkyl amino acid, etc., are desirable. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体チップ及び半導体パッケージに半田ボールを半田接合により実装する際、さらには、搭載用基板に半導体チップ及び半導体パッケージを半田接合により実装する際に使用する硬化性フラックスに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電子部品の高密度集積化の進行に伴い、半導体パッケージの小型化かつ多ピン化が必要不可欠となっている。この半導体パッケージの小型化かつ多ピン化に対して、BGA(Ball Grid Array)やCSP(Chip Scale Package)といった表面実装用エリアアレイ型のパッケージが開発されている。BGAやCSPの回路基板への実装には、半田ボールで形成されたバンプによる、半田接合が採用されている。
【0003】
一般に、半田接合のためには、半田表面と対する電極の酸化膜を除去する必要があり、半田付け用フラックスが使用される。この半田付け用フラックスには、熱可塑性フラックスと酸化膜を除去するための活性剤が含まれている。
【0004】
しかし、半田接合後にこのフラックスが残存していると、高温、多湿時に熱可塑性樹脂の溶融、活性剤中の活性イオンの遊離が起こり、電気絶縁性の低下などの問題が発生する。そのため現在では、半田接合後、残存フラックスの洗浄除去を行う必要がある。
【0005】
近年の半導体パッケージの小型化かつ多ピン化は、バンプの微細化を促している。そのため、残存フラックスを完全に洗浄除去することは、非常に困難な作業である。さらには、バンプ接続部分の信頼性が低下する可能性がある。
【0006】
上記問題点を解決するために、半田接合の際、フラックスとして作用し、半田接合後、さらに加熱をすることで熱硬化して、半田接合部の補強材となる硬化性フラックスが検討されている(例えば特許文献1参照)。
しかし、この硬化性フラックスによる二次半田ボール実装において、半田接合不良が起こる問題があった。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−246497号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、硬化性フラックスによる二次半田ボール実装において、半田接合の高信頼性を与える硬化性フラックスを提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、
[1] 半田接合及び半田接合部の補強に使用する硬化性フラックスであって、両性界面活性剤を含有することを特徴とする硬化性フラックス、
[2] 該硬化性フラックスが、1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ樹脂、及び硬化剤を含む[1]項記載の硬化性フラックス、
[3] 硬化剤が、1分子あたり少なくとも2個以上のフェノール性水酸基及び1分子あたり少なくとも1個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物である[2]項記載の硬化性フラックスである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の硬化性フラックスは、両性界面活性剤を含有することを特徴とする。本発明の硬化性フラックスに用いる両性界面活性剤は、アルキルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、アルキルジメチルアミンオキサイド、アルキルカルボキシメチルヒドロキシエチルイミダゾリニウムベタイン、アルキルアミドプロピルベタイン、アルキルヒドロキシスルホベタイン、アルキルアミノ酸などが挙げられる。
【0011】
陰イオン性界面活性剤、陽イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤では、本発明の目的である半田接合の高信頼性に対して効果を発現しない。
【0012】
両性界面活性剤の配合量は、硬化性フラックス全体に対して0.001重量%以上であることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.01重量%以上である。この範囲より少ない場合は、硬化性フラックスと半田ボールとの界面張力を十分に低下させることが困難となり、半田接合不良が起こる可能性を有するため好ましくない。
【0013】
本発明の硬化性フラックスは、1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ樹脂及び硬化剤を含むことが好ましい。
エポキシ樹脂は、液状高分子としては硬化収縮が小さく、硬化体としては接着性、耐熱性、耐薬品性および電気的性質に優れているため好んで用いられる。
【0014】
本発明で用いられるエポキシ樹脂は、1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ樹脂であれば特に限定しないが、既存のビスフェノール系ジグリシジルエーテル類、また、それらの水素添加反応により芳香環を飽和炭化水素化したもの、フェノールノボラックとエピクロールヒドリンとの反応で得られるグリシジルエーテルで、常温で液状のもの等、または、それらを混合したものが挙げられる。また、これらの液状樹脂にジヒドロキシナフタレンのジグリシジルエーテル、テトラメチルビフェノールのジグリシジルエーテル等、結晶性のエポキシ樹脂を混合し、液状にしたものを使用することもできる。また、用途によっては、高信頼性付与の為、絶縁フィラーを添加する場合もある。
【0015】
本発明で用いる硬化剤は、1分子あたり少なくとも2個以上のフェノール性水酸基と1分子あたり少なくとも1個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物が好ましい。例として、2,3−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,6−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、没食子酸、1,4−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、3,5−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、フェノールフタリン、ジフェノール酸等が挙げられる。この硬化剤としての1分子あたり少なくとも2個以上のフェノール性水酸基と1分子あたり少なくとも1個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物は、フラックス作用を示す。これらの化合物は、単独または複数添加して用いることができる。ここで、フラックス作用とは、通常用いられているような半田付け用フラックスと同様、金属酸化膜を還元し、その酸化膜を除去しうる性質を示す。
【0016】
硬化剤の配合量は、エポキシ樹脂に対して20重量%以上80重量%以下が好ましい。20重量%未満であると、半田および金属表面の酸化物を除去する能力が低下し、半田接合が困難となり好ましくない。また、80重量%を超えると、良好な硬化物が得られず、接合接合部の補強効果と信頼性が低下する可能性があり好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明の硬化性フラックスは、上記、エポキシ樹脂と硬化剤に硬化促進剤を加えてもよい。一般的にエポキシ樹脂の硬化促進剤として、用いられるものであり、例えば、イミダゾール化合物、リン化合物、ジアザ化合物、第三級アミン等を挙げることができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
<実施例1>
エポキシ樹脂としてビスF型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量:160〜180)100重量部、多官能エポキシ樹脂(トリフェニルグリシジルエーテルメタン(TPGEM))25重量部、フェノール系硬化剤として2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸10重量部、フェノールフタリン30重量部、硬化促進剤として2−メチルイミダゾール0.2重量部、両性界面活性剤であるアルキルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン0.1重量部をミキサーにて混練して、真空脱泡後、液状樹脂組成物を作製した。
<実施例2〜4、比較例1〜6>
表1の処方に従って秤量し、実施例1と同様にして、ミキサーにて混練して、真空脱泡後、液状樹脂組成物を作製した。次に特性を把握するために以下の代用特性を評価した。
【0019】
半田接合試験:パッド径0.45mm、パッドピッチ0.80mmを有するBGA基板を用いて試験を行った。パッド部に作製した硬化性フラックスを滴下し、その上に直径0.50mmのSn−Pb共晶半田ボールを静置して、ピーク温度250℃のリフロー炉に導入した。半田ボールの接合性とセルフアライメント性を、テスターを用いた導通評価と断面観察により確認した。全試験数中、導通の見られないもの、セルフアライメントしていないものを不良としてカウントした。
【0020】
上記の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例及び比較例に用いた原材料の内容は下記の通りである。
・界面活性剤:両性界面活性剤(界面活性剤A:アルキルジメチルアミノ酢酸ベタイン、界面活性剤B:アルキルジメチルアミンオキサイド)、陰イオン性界面活性剤(界面活性剤C:アルキル硫酸エステル塩)、陽イオン性界面活性剤(界面活性剤D:塩化アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム)、非イオン性界面活性剤(界面活性剤E:グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、界面活性剤F:ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル)を用いた。
・エポキシ樹脂:ビスF型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量:160〜180)、多官能エポキシ樹脂(トリフェニルグリシジルエーテルメタン(TPGEM))を用いた。
・フェノール系硬化剤:2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、フェノールフタリンを用いた。
・硬化促進剤:2−メチルイミダゾールを用いた。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 2005021914
【0022】
表1に示したように、実施例1−4では、半田接合性に関して良好な結果を示した。これは、硬化性フラックスに両性界面活性剤を添加することにより、硬化性フラックスと半田ボールとの界面張力が十分に低下して、半田ボールとパッドとの接触が容易に起こったためであると推測される。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明の硬化性フラックスを用いることにより、二次半田ボール実装工程において、半田接合の信頼性が高く、また、実装プロセスの短縮化を達成することができ、その工業的メリットは大きい。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a curable flux used when a solder ball is mounted on a semiconductor chip and a semiconductor package by solder bonding, and further, when a semiconductor chip and a semiconductor package are mounted on a mounting substrate by solder bonding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the progress of high-density integration of electronic components, it is indispensable to reduce the size and the number of pins of a semiconductor package. In order to reduce the size and increase the number of pins of the semiconductor package, surface mount area array type packages such as BGA (Ball Grid Array) and CSP (Chip Scale Package) have been developed. For mounting BGA and CSP on a circuit board, solder bonding using bumps formed of solder balls is employed.
[0003]
Generally, for solder bonding, it is necessary to remove the oxide film of the electrode with respect to the solder surface, and a soldering flux is used. This soldering flux contains a thermoplastic flux and an activator for removing the oxide film.
[0004]
However, if this flux remains after solder bonding, the thermoplastic resin melts at high temperatures and high humidity, and active ions in the activator are released, resulting in problems such as a decrease in electrical insulation. Therefore, at present, it is necessary to clean and remove residual flux after soldering.
[0005]
The recent miniaturization of semiconductor packages and the increase in the number of pins have promoted the miniaturization of bumps. Therefore, it is a very difficult task to completely remove the residual flux. Furthermore, the reliability of the bump connection portion may be reduced.
[0006]
In order to solve the above problems, a curable flux that acts as a flux at the time of soldering and is thermally cured by further heating after soldering and becomes a reinforcing material for the solder joint has been studied. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
However, in the secondary solder ball mounting by this curable flux, there is a problem that a solder joint failure occurs.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-246497
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a curable flux that provides high reliability of solder joints in secondary solder ball mounting using a curable flux.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention
[1] A curable flux used to reinforce solder joints and solder joints, which contains an amphoteric surfactant,
[2] The curable flux according to the item [1], wherein the curable flux contains an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, and a curing agent,
[3] The curable flux according to item [2], wherein the curing agent is a compound having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule and at least one carboxyl group per molecule.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail.
The curable flux of the present invention is characterized by containing an amphoteric surfactant. Examples of the amphoteric surfactant used in the curable flux of the present invention include alkyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkylcarboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkylhydroxysulfobetaine, and alkylamino acid. It is done.
[0011]
An anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant do not exhibit an effect on the high reliability of solder bonding, which is the object of the present invention.
[0012]
The compounding amount of the amphoteric surfactant is preferably 0.001% by weight or more based on the entire curable flux. More preferably, it is 0.01 weight% or more. When the amount is less than this range, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the interfacial tension between the curable flux and the solder ball, which is not preferable because there is a possibility that a solder joint failure may occur.
[0013]
The curable flux of the present invention preferably contains an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule and a curing agent.
Epoxy resins are preferably used because they are small in curing shrinkage as liquid polymers and excellent in adhesion, heat resistance, chemical resistance and electrical properties as cured bodies.
[0014]
The epoxy resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, but existing bisphenol-based diglycidyl ethers and aromatic rings by their hydrogenation reaction. And glycidyl ether obtained by the reaction of phenol novolac and epichlorohydrin, which are liquid at room temperature, or a mixture thereof. In addition, a crystalline epoxy resin such as diglycidyl ether of dihydroxynaphthalene or diglycidyl ether of tetramethylbiphenol mixed with these liquid resins to form a liquid can also be used. Depending on the application, an insulating filler may be added to provide high reliability.
[0015]
The curing agent used in the present invention is preferably a compound having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule and at least one carboxyl group per molecule. Examples include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, 1,4- Examples include dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, phenolphthaline, diphenolic acid and the like. The compound having at least two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule and at least one or more carboxyl groups per molecule as the curing agent exhibits a flux action. These compounds can be used alone or in combination. Here, the flux action indicates the property that the metal oxide film can be reduced and the oxide film can be removed, like a soldering flux that is usually used.
[0016]
The blending amount of the curing agent is preferably 20% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less with respect to the epoxy resin. If it is less than 20% by weight, the ability to remove solder and oxides on the metal surface is lowered, and solder joining becomes difficult, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 80% by weight, a good cured product cannot be obtained, and the reinforcing effect and reliability of the bonded joint may be lowered, which is not preferable.
[0017]
In the curable flux of the present invention, a curing accelerator may be added to the epoxy resin and the curing agent. Generally, it is used as a curing accelerator for epoxy resins, and examples thereof include imidazole compounds, phosphorus compounds, diaza compounds, and tertiary amines.
[0018]
【Example】
<Example 1>
100 parts by weight of a bis-F type epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent: 160 to 180) as an epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of a polyfunctional epoxy resin (triphenylglycidyl ether methane (TPGEM)), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as a phenolic curing agent 10 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight of phenolphthaline, 0.2 parts by weight of 2-methylimidazole as a curing accelerator, and 0.1 parts by weight of alkyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine as an amphoteric surfactant are kneaded in a mixer and vacuumed. After defoaming, a liquid resin composition was prepared.
<Examples 2-4, Comparative Examples 1-6>
It weighed according to the prescription in Table 1 and was kneaded with a mixer in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a liquid resin composition after vacuum defoaming. Next, in order to grasp the characteristics, the following substitute characteristics were evaluated.
[0019]
Solder bonding test: A test was performed using a BGA substrate having a pad diameter of 0.45 mm and a pad pitch of 0.80 mm. The curable flux produced on the pad portion was dropped, and a Sn-Pb eutectic solder ball having a diameter of 0.50 mm was allowed to stand thereon and introduced into a reflow furnace having a peak temperature of 250 ° C. The solder ball bondability and self-alignment were confirmed by continuity evaluation using a tester and cross-sectional observation. Of all the tests, those that did not show continuity and those that were not self-aligned were counted as defective.
[0020]
The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
The contents of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows.
Surfactant: Amphoteric surfactant (surfactant A: alkyldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, surfactant B: alkyldimethylamine oxide), anionic surfactant (surfactant C: alkyl sulfate salt), A cationic surfactant (surfactant D: alkyltrimethylammonium chloride) and a nonionic surfactant (surfactant E: glycerin fatty acid ester, surfactant F: polyoxyethylene alkyl ether) were used.
Epoxy resin: Bis F-type epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent: 160 to 180) and polyfunctional epoxy resin (triphenylglycidyl ether methane (TPGEM)) were used.
-Phenol-based curing agent: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and phenolphthaline were used.
-Curing accelerator: 2-methylimidazole was used.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005021914
[0022]
As shown in Table 1, in Example 1-4, good results were shown regarding solderability. This is presumed that the amphoteric surfactant was added to the curable flux to sufficiently reduce the interfacial tension between the curable flux and the solder ball, and the contact between the solder ball and the pad easily occurred. Is done.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
By using the curable flux of the present invention, in the secondary solder ball mounting process, the reliability of solder bonding is high and the mounting process can be shortened, and the industrial merit is great.

Claims (3)

半田接合及び半田接合部の補強に使用する硬化性フラックスであって、両性界面活性剤を含有することを特徴とする硬化性フラックス。A curable flux used to reinforce solder joints and solder joints, which contains an amphoteric surfactant. 該硬化性フラックスが、1分子中に2個以上のエポキシ基を有するエポキシ樹脂、及び硬化剤を含む請求項1記載の硬化性フラックス。The curable flux according to claim 1, wherein the curable flux contains an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule and a curing agent. 硬化剤が、1分子あたり少なくとも2個以上のフェノール性水酸基及び1分子あたり少なくとも1個以上のカルボキシル基を有する化合物である請求項2記載の硬化性フラックス。The curable flux according to claim 2, wherein the curing agent is a compound having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups per molecule and at least one carboxyl group per molecule.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2005091354A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2008-02-07 株式会社タムラ製作所 Solder composition and bump forming method using the same

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