JP2005021786A - Apparatus for removing and detoxicating organic halogen compound - Google Patents

Apparatus for removing and detoxicating organic halogen compound Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005021786A
JP2005021786A JP2003189269A JP2003189269A JP2005021786A JP 2005021786 A JP2005021786 A JP 2005021786A JP 2003189269 A JP2003189269 A JP 2003189269A JP 2003189269 A JP2003189269 A JP 2003189269A JP 2005021786 A JP2005021786 A JP 2005021786A
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Prior art keywords
organic halogen
halogen compound
adsorption tower
tower
hot air
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JP2003189269A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takafumi Tsurui
孝文 鶴井
Hayami Nagano
早実 長野
Yuji Mishima
有二 三島
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TSURUI CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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TSURUI CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic halogen compound removal and detoxification apparatus capable of safely and efficiently removing and detoxicating organic halogen compounds contained in an object gas to be treated such as a discharge gas and having high power for efficiently carrying out the treatment. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus comprises adsorption towers 3 and 4 provided with adsorbents 3a and 4a for adsorbing organic halogen compounds; a catalyst tower 5 provided with a catalyst 5a for detoxicating the halogen of the organic halogen compounds; an object gas introduction and discharge means for introducing and discharging the object gas to be treated into and out the adsorption tower 3; and a hot air introduction means for desorbing the adsorbed organic halogen compounds by sending hot air in dampened state to the adsorption tower 4 and leading the hot air passed through the adsorption tower 4 into the catalyst tower 5 for dehalogenating the halogen compounds. The series of the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower 3, the isolation operation in the adsorption tower 4, and the dehalogenation operation in the catalyst tower 5 are carried out at a treatment temperature lower than the dioxin production temperature. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスから有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化を図る装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
市民の生活空間において使用される電化製品や繊維製品は、火災防止対策の観点から難燃剤を添加して製品化されている場合が多い。ポリ臭素化ビフェニルエーテル、四臭素化ビスフェノールA等の臭素化難燃剤(BFR)、或いは環境ホルモン等は生殖器等への悪影響が指摘され、人類の生存を脅かす要因で、第2のPCBと恐れられる所以である。
従来、BFR又は環境ホルモン等は法規制されていないこともあって、具体的な対策技術の開発はなされておらず、対象製品の焼却・埋め立てなどの飛散防止に努める程度が一般的であった。
しかし欧米では、既に一部の環境ホルモンが規制されており、わが国でも平成17年前後には法律によって規制される方向にあり、広範囲且つ厳密な処理技術の調査・対策が必要不可欠な状態となった。
特にBFR等の有害物質は、大気拡散を経て経口摂取され、生体に影響を及ぼすとされることから、より合理的且つ高性能で安価な処理装置、処理システムの開発が待たれる状況にある。
【0003】
BFRや環境ホルモン等を含有する電気製品等は、これまでに高温焼却法や固形化埋め立て法が施行されてきたが、前者は過熱に伴うダイオキシン生成リスク、後者では完全対策ではないこと、再溶出、コストの点に問題があり、法律に対応するためには技術的に解決しなければならない課題が多く、製品関連の製造設備での排ガス処理や高性能な浄化処理システムの完成が必要とされているのが現状である。
BFRや環境ホルモン、その他の有機ハロゲン化合物の重要な発生源は、電気製品の製造に役立つ原料樹脂へのBFR等の添加・混合段階である製造装置、カーテン・カーペット等のインテリア繊維の難燃化処理のための製品段階での製造装置、廃棄物としての処理する過程での排ガス等である。
前者では製造段階で排ガス・粒子に含有され、後者では破砕、分別、燃焼によって発生する。
従って、BFRや環境ホルモン、その他の有機ハロゲン化合物を含む排ガスが当面の処理対象で、排ガスからのBFR等の有機ハロゲン化合物の捕捉・分離(除去)と、捕捉・分離した有機ハロゲン化合物を無害化する有用な装置やシステムの確立が重要となる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記BFRや環境ホルモン、その他の有機ハロゲン化合物の処理技術に関する研究は緒についた段階であり、有機ハロゲン化合物の処理においてはダイオキシン生成のリスクが付きまとう。
また被処理ガス中の有害物質である有機物、炭化水素、臭気物質、ハロゲン化炭化水素、有機ハロゲン化合物等には、一般に高温分解法が適用されて効果を上げてきたが、被処理ガスの加熱・昇温過程でダイオキシン生成温度域を通ることによるダイオキシン副生リスクがあった。また、その高温処理を回避する手段として触媒利用技術があるが、従来提供されているPd、Pt等の貴金属触媒では、ハロゲン元素による触媒の被毒・失活の問題がある。
その他、排ガス等の被処理ガスからのBFR等の有機ハロゲン化合物の捕捉・分離(除去)と、捕捉・分離した有機ハロゲン化合物を無害化する、良高性能で安全有用な装置がなかった。
【0005】
そこで本発明は排気ガス等の被処理ガスに含有されている有機ハロゲン化合物を安全に除去・無害化し、またそれらの処理を効率よく行うことができる性能のよい有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置の提供を課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、被処理ガス中に含まれる有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去し、無害化する装置であって、前記有機ハロゲン化合物を吸着する吸着剤を備えた吸着塔と、有機ハロゲン化合物に結合しているハロゲンをハロゲン化水素として無害化する触媒を備えた触媒塔と、前記吸着塔に対して前記有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスを導いて該有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去させると共に吸着塔を通過した被処理ガスを排出する被処理ガス導入排出手段と、有機ハロゲン化合物が吸着された吸着塔に対して加湿状態の熱風を送って前記吸着されている有機ハロゲン化合物を脱離させ、更に吸着塔を通過した熱風を前記触媒塔に導いてハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化を行わせる熱風導入手段とを有し、前記吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着操作から、前記熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び触媒塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化操作までを、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度で行うように構成したことを第1の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1の特徴に加えて、吸着塔に備えられる吸着剤は、30〜50Åのマクロ細孔を有する炭素系吸着剤若しくはシリカ、アルミナ等の無機系多孔質物質であることを第2の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1又は第2の特徴に加えて、触媒塔に備えられる触媒は、V−TiO型、V−W−TiO型、若しくはV−Mo−TiO型のペレット又はハニカム構造物であることを第3の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1〜3の何れかの特徴に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を加熱することなく行う構成としたことを第4の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1〜3の何れかの特徴に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行う構成としたことを第5の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1〜5の何れかの特徴に加えて、熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び熱風による触媒塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化操作を、100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行う構成としたことを第6の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第6の特徴に加えて、吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作を100℃以上、200℃未満で行った後、吸着塔に280〜450℃の加湿状態の熱風を送って、吸着剤に残っている残余物の完全脱離・分解と吸着剤の再生を行う構成としたことを第7の特徴としている。
また本発明の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置は、上記第1〜7の何れかの特徴に加えて、吸着塔は、少なくとも2塔以上用い、その一方の吸着塔においては、被処理ガス導入排出手段により有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスを導いて該有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去させる操作を行わせ、他方の吸着塔においては、熱風導入手段により熱風を吸着塔に導入して該吸着塔に捕捉されている有機ハロゲン化合物を脱離させる操作と、該操作によって脱離されたハロゲン化合物を含む熱風を触媒塔へ送って熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物を脱ハロゲン化する操作とを行わせるように構成したことを第8の特徴としている。
【0007】
上記第1の特徴によれば、被処理ガス導入排出手段によって有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスが吸着剤を備えた吸着塔に導かれることで、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物が前記吸着剤に吸着されて除去される。このときの吸着塔での被処理ガス中からの有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着操作は、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満で行われる。
前記の吸着操作によって十分にハロゲン化合物を吸着した吸着塔に対しては、熱風導入手段によって加湿状態の熱風が送られ、これによって吸着塔の吸着剤に吸着されて捕捉されている有機ハロゲン化合物が熱風中に脱離される。このときの熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作も、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満で行われる。
前記脱離操作で脱離され熱風中に含まれる有機ハロゲン化合物は、熱風と共に触媒を備えた触媒塔に導かれ、触媒塔の触媒により熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化がなされ、無害化される。
前記吸着塔に送られる熱風には加湿がなされることで、吸着剤に吸着されている有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着剤からの脱離が容易に行われる。
よって第1の特徴によれば、被処理ガス中から有機ハロゲン化合物を、ダイオキシンが生成される恐れのある高温での処理を行うことなく、吸着・除去することができ、更に吸着・除去された有機ハロゲン化合物から、ダイオキシンが生成される恐れのある高温での処理を行うことなく、脱ハロゲン化を行うことができる。よって有機ハロゲン化合物の分解に先行して、有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化をダイオキシン等を発生させることなくできるので、その後の有機ハロゲン化合物(脱ハロゲン化されている)の分解を、あれこれ制限されることなく且つ安全に行うことができる。
また吸着塔での吸着剤からの有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離を加湿された熱風で行うことで、処理温度を高温に上げることなく、効率よく脱離を行うことができる。
【0008】
また上記第2の特徴によれば、上記第1の特徴による作用効果に加えて、吸着塔に備えられる吸着剤を、30〜50Åのマクロ細孔を有する炭素系吸着剤若しくはシリカ、アルミナ等の無機系多孔質物質としたことで、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度においても有機ハロゲン化合物を効果的に吸着して被処理ガスから除去することができる。
【0009】
また上記第3の特徴によれば、上記第1又は第2の特徴による作用効果に加えて、触媒塔に備えられる触媒を、V−TiO型、V−W−TiO型、若しくはV−Mo−TiO型のペレット又はハニカム構造物としたことで、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度において、効果的に、触媒塔に導かれてきた熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物からCl、Br等のハロゲンを、HCl、HBr等のハロゲン化水素として無害化し、脱ハロゲン化を行うことができる。
【0010】
また上記第4の特徴によれば、上記第1〜第3の何れかの特徴による作用効果に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を加熱することなく行うことで、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物をダイオキシンの生成なく吸着・除去することができる。また加熱しないので省エネルギーである。
【0011】
また上記第5の特徴によれば、上記第1〜第3の何れかの特徴による作用効果に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行うことで、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物をダイオキシンの生成なく吸着・除去することができる。また100℃以上に加熱することで、吸着塔で吸着剤による吸着・除去が効率よく行える。
【0012】
また上記第6の特徴によれば、上記第1〜第5の何れかの特徴による作用効果に加えて、熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作、及びその後の触媒塔での脱ハロゲン化処理を、100℃以上、200℃未満で行うことで、それらの処理をダイオキシンが生成する恐れなく行うことができる。加えて100℃以上に加熱することで、前記吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離、及び触媒塔での脱ハロゲン化処理を効率よく行うことができる。
【0013】
また上記第7の特徴によれば、上記6の特徴による作用効果に加えて、吸着塔では100℃以上、200℃未満での脱離操作が行われた後に、最終的に280〜450℃の加湿状態の熱風を送って、吸着塔の残余物の完全脱離・分解と吸着剤の再生を行う構成としたことで、吸着塔での吸着剤の再生を十分に行うことができ、再使用に供することができる。
【0014】
また上記第8の特徴によれば、上記第1〜第7の何れかの特徴による作用効果に加えて、少なくとも2塔以上の吸着塔が用いられ、その一方の吸着塔では被処理ガス導入排出手段によって被処理ガスからの有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着・除去の操作が行われ、前記吸着・除去操作を終了した他方の吸着塔では熱風導入手段によって既に吸着された有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離の操作と、脱離された有機ハロゲン化合物を熱風と共に触媒塔に送って脱ハロゲンを行う脱ハロゲン化の操作が行われる。このようにして吸着塔を2群に分けて、有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着・除去の操作と、有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び脱ハロゲン化操作とを、切り替えて行う構成とすることで、有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化を連続処理して効率よく行うことができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下の図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態を更に説明する。
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態にかかる有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置の概略構成図、図2は第1の実施形態の装置における各部での操作の処理温度を示す図である。図3は本発明の第2の実施形態にかかる有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置の概略構成図、図4は第2の実施形態の装置における各部での操作の処理温度を示す図である。
【0016】
先ず図1を参照して、本発明の第1の実施形態の装置を説明する。
この装置は、一対の吸着塔3、4を備え、また触媒塔5を備えている。
一方の吸着塔3に対しては、有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスの発生源Xからの被処理ガス中に含まれる粒子等を除くフィルタ1と、フィルタ1を通過した被処理ガスを送風するブロア2とが接続されている。
被処理ガス発生源Xからの有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスは、ブロア2によって搬送力をつけられ、ライン11を経てフィルタ1を通過し、ライン12、13を経て吸着塔3に送られる。吸着塔3では、そこに備えられた吸着剤3aによって、送られてきた被処理ガス中に含まれる有機ハロゲン化合物を吸着して除去する。吸着塔3を通過した被処理ガスは、ライン14を経て排気される。これらフィルタ1、ブロア2、ライン11、12、13、14は被処理ガス導入排出手段を構成する。
なお図1中、実線で示すライン11〜20が稼動ラインで、破線で示すラインが待機ラインとなっている。
【0017】
また他方の吸着塔4に対しては、触媒塔5、循環ブロア6、及び水タンク7、蒸発器8、熱交換器9が接続している。前記触媒塔5を経てきた循環ガスはライン17を経て循環ブロア6でライン18を熱交換器9側へ送られ、一方、前記水タンク7から水がライン15を経て蒸発器8に入り、発生された蒸気がライン16を通って熱交換器9へ送られる。熱交換器9では蒸気と前記循環ブロア6から送られてきた循環ガスとが混合され、加湿状態の熱風とされて、ライン19を経て吸着塔4に送られる。この吸着塔4は、既に有機ハロゲン化合物を十分に吸着した吸着塔である。前記吸着塔4に送られた加湿状態の熱風により、吸着剤4aに吸着されている有機ハロゲン化合物が吸着剤4aから脱離される。吸着塔4を経た熱風はライン20を経て触媒塔5に導かれ、触媒塔5に備えられた触媒5aにより、熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化が行われる。
前記循環ブロア6、水タンク7、蒸発器8、熱交換器9、ライン18、19は熱風導入手段を構成する。
前記循環ガスは窒素ガスとすることができる。そして加湿状態の熱風は蒸気が窒素ガスと混合されたものである。前記窒素ガスを用いることで、循環ガスを不活性として、脱離物の発火等を防止する。
【0018】
上記において、吸着塔3と吸着塔4とは、それらに接続されるライン13、14と、ライン19、20とが、切り替えられることで、吸着塔3が吸着塔4となり、また吸着塔4が吸着塔3となる。吸着塔を少なくとも2塔備えることで、有機ハロゲン化合物の除去と、無害化及び吸着塔の再生との2つの系統からなる操作を連続的に行うことができる。勿論、吸着塔は2塔以上設けて、2群ないしそれ以上の群に分けて、吸着、無害化と再生、待機等の群とすることもできる。
【0019】
有機ハロゲン化合物は、例えばポリ臭素化ビフェニルエーテル、四臭素化ビスフェノールA等の臭素化難燃剤(BFR)とすることができる。また有機ハロゲン化合物を含む環境ホルモンであってもよい。
【0020】
前記吸着塔3、4に備えられる吸着剤3a、4aは、前記臭素化難燃剤(BFR)又は環境ホルモンの吸着による捕捉と分解時の吸着剤からの脱離を考慮して、30〜50Åのマクロ細孔からなる炭素系吸着剤、又はシリカ、アルミナ等の無機系多孔質物質とし、これを吸着塔3、4に充填する。
また吸着塔3における吸着操作は、いわゆる室温で行い、被処理ガスや吸着剤3aを加熱することなく行う。
【0021】
前記触媒塔5に備えられる触媒5aは、有機ハロゲン化合物の一部として結合しているClやBr等をHClやHBr等のハロゲン化水素として触媒5aに固定若しくはガスとして排出することで、有機ハロゲン化合物を無害化するものである。この触媒5aとして、TiOに1〜35%の酸化バナジウムと、1〜40%の酸化タングステン又は酸化モリブデンを担持させたV−W−TiO型又はV−Mo−TiO型のペレット又はハニカム構造物を用いることができる。V−TiO型のものを用いてもよい。
【0022】
前記熱風による吸着塔4での有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着剤4aからの脱離操作は、100℃以上、200℃未満で行う。好ましくは180±15℃で行うのがよい。
前記脱離操作は100℃以上の蒸気を加湿した熱風で行うため、蒸気の凝縮を防止するために、その最低温度を100℃とし、一方、有機ハロゲン化合物からダイオキシンの生成の恐れを避けるために、最高温度を200℃未満とした。
【0023】
前記熱風に水蒸気を加えて加湿状態の熱風として脱離操作を行うことで、吸着剤4aに吸着している有機ハロゲン化合物と水分との置換を行わせ、これによって脱離を促進させることができる。
熱風に含まれる蒸気の湿度をどの程度にするかは、吸着剤4aの性状にもよるが、吸着剤4aの表面で蒸気の部分凝縮が生じるような湿度とすることができる。蒸気の部分凝縮が吸着剤4aの表面で生じると、この凝縮熱により吸着している有機ハロゲン化合物の分子が吸着剤4aの表面から容易に飛び出す。
前記熱風の好ましい湿度は、吸着剤4aが活性炭の場合は、60%以上になるが、蒸気潜熱によるエネルギー消費を考慮して、各条件毎に予め実験による適当な値を定めることになる。
【0024】
前記触媒塔5での脱ハロゲン化操作は、100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度とする。好ましくは180±15℃とする。この処理温度は前記熱風導入手段により作られる熱風の温度と同じである。熱風導入手段により作られた熱風は吸着塔4を経て触媒塔5に導かれる。このとき温度は吸着塔5での処理温度よりも次第に低下するが、脱ハロゲン化操作の処理温度範囲として同じ範囲としている。この温度範囲とすることで、有機ハロゲン化合物によるダイオキシンの生成の恐れを避けながら、且つ加熱することで触媒5aによる脱ハロゲン化を効率よく行わせることができる。
【0025】
前記吸着塔4については、前記100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度での脱ハロゲン化操作が終了した後、吸着剤4aの再生操作を行う。この再生操作では、280〜450℃、好ましくは360±20℃の加湿状態の熱風を熱風導入手段により吸着塔4に送る。熱風により、吸着剤4aに脱離されないで残っている残余物の完全脱離と分解を行うと共に、吸着剤4aのマクロ細孔或いはハニカム構造の回復、再生を行う。
熱風に加湿する理由は、既述した理由と同じである。また280〜450℃の下限である280℃はダイオキシンを生成する温度領域を回避すると共に、吸着剤を再生させるのに必要な最低温度である。
【0026】
図2は、図1における吸着塔3での吸着操作の処理温度(加熱されない処理温度としての室温RT)、吸着塔4での脱離操作の処理温度(180±15℃)と再生操作の処理温度(360±20℃)、及び触媒塔5での脱ハロゲン化操作の処理温度(180±15℃)とを示す。
【0027】
図3及び図4を参照して、本発明の第2の実施形態の装置を説明する。
第2の実施形態の装置は第1の実施形態の装置に較べて、吸着塔3、4に温度調節器3b、4bを設けている点で異なる。またライン14の途中に排ガス熱交換器10を設けて、被処理ガス発生源Xからの被処理ガスを、前記排ガス熱交換器10を経て熱交換加熱してライン11に導くようにしている点で異なる。
また本第2の実施形態では、吸着塔3において行う被処理ガスからの有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着操作を100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度、好ましくは180±15℃の処理温度に加熱して行う。
この吸着操作によって、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物を吸着剤3aに吸着して除去すると共に、更に吸着された有機ハロゲン化合物の一部を熱によって脱ハロゲン化反応させて無害化することができる。しかし、この程度の加熱温度では、被処理ガス中の油分等の高沸点物質は分解・脱離できず、やがて吸着剤3aは活性を失う。
前記活性を失った吸着塔3は吸着塔4として切り替え、熱風導入手段により加湿した熱風を送って、前記吸着操作時に吸着剤4bに吸着された有機ハロゲン化合物(一部は脱ハロゲン化されている)を脱離し、触媒塔5に送って脱ハロゲン化を行い、無害化する。
他の構成、作用は既述した第1の実施形態の装置と同じである。同じ機能を果たす部材には同じ符号を付して、説明を省略する。
【0028】
図4は、図3における吸着塔3での吸着操作の処理温度(180±15℃)、吸着塔4での脱離操作の処理温度(180±15℃)と再生操作の処理温度(360±20℃)、及び触媒塔5での脱ハロゲン化操作の処理温度(180±15℃)とを示す。
【0029】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
図1又は図3に示すような装置を用い、吸着剤として35〜40Åのマクロ細孔が全体の95%を占める活性炭素吸着剤を用いて、四臭素化ビスフェノールAの吸着操作を、次の各処理温度と、四臭素化ビスフェノールAの濃度のガスを用いて行った。
吸着操作処理温度 26℃、 85℃
濃度(ppm) 0.1、 0.5、 1.0
【0030】
上記実施例1による四臭素化ビスフェノールAの平衡吸着率の測定結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 2005021786
【0032】
(実施例2)
次に実施例1において吸着剤に吸着された四臭素化ビスフェノールAの熱風による脱離操作を、次の条件で行った。
熱風の種類 窒素ガス、 窒素ガス+蒸気加湿
脱離操作処理温度 150℃、 183℃、 247℃、 320℃
【0033】
上記実施例2による脱離率の測定結果を表2に示す。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 2005021786
【0035】
(実施例3)
次に実施例2において脱離された四臭素化ビスフェノールAの触媒塔5での脱ハロゲン化操作を、次の条件で行った。
使用触媒 V−W−TiO(ハイブリットペレット触媒)
操作処理温度 133℃、 170℃、 226℃、 244℃
空塔速度SV(l/h) 800、 3700
【0036】
上記実施例3による脱ハロゲン化率の測定結果を表3に示す。
【0037】
【表3】
Figure 2005021786
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上の構成、作用よりなり、請求項1に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、被処理ガス中から有機ハロゲン化合物を、ダイオキシンが生成される恐れのある高温での処理を行うことなく、吸着・除去することができ、更に吸着・除去された有機ハロゲン化合物から、ダイオキシンが生成される恐れのある高温での処理を行うことなく、脱ハロゲン化を行うことができる。よって有機ハロゲン化合物の分解に先行して、有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化をダイオキシン等を発生させることなくできるので、その後の有機ハロゲン化合物(脱ハロゲン化されている)の分解を、あれこれ制限されることなく、且つ安全に行うことができる。
また吸着塔での吸着剤からの有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離を加湿された熱風で行うことで、処理温度を高温に上げることなく効率よく脱離を行うことができる。
また請求項2に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1に記載の構成による効果に加えて、吸着塔に備えられる吸着剤を、30〜50Åのマクロ細孔を有する炭素系吸着剤若しくはシリカ、アルミナ等の無機系多孔質物質としたことで、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度においても有機ハロゲン化合物を効果的に吸着して被処理ガスから除去することができる。
また請求項3に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1又は2に記載の構成による効果に加えて、触媒塔に備えられる触媒をV−TiO型、V−W−TiO型、若しくはV−Mo−TiO型のペレット又はハニカム構造物としたことで、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度において、効果的に触媒塔に導かれてきた熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物からCl、Br等のハロゲンを、HCl、HBr等のハロゲン化水素として無害化し、脱ハロゲン化を行うことができる。
また請求項4に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の構成による効果に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を加熱することなく行うことで、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物をダイオキシンの生成なく吸着・除去することができる。しかも加熱しないので省エネルギーである。
また請求項5に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の構成による効果に加えて、吸着塔での吸着操作を100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行うことで、被処理ガス中の有機ハロゲン化合物をダイオキシンの生成なく吸着・除去することができる。また100℃以上に加熱することで、吸着塔で吸着剤による吸着・除去が効率よく行える。
また請求項6に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の構成による効果に加えて、熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作、及びその後の触媒塔での脱ハロゲン化処理を、100℃以上、200℃未満で行うことで、それらの処理をダイオキシンが生成する恐れなく行うことができる。加えて100℃以上に加熱することで、前記吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離、及び触媒塔での脱ハロゲン化処理を効率よく行うことができる。
また請求項7に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1〜6の何れかに記載の構成による効果に加えて、吸着塔では100℃以上、200℃未満での脱離操作が行われた後に、最終的に280〜450℃の加湿状態の熱風を送って、吸着塔の残余物の完全脱離・分解と吸着剤の再生を行う構成としたことで、吸着塔での吸着剤の再生を十分に行うことができ、再使用に供することができる。
また請求項8に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置によれば、上記請求項1〜7の何れかに記載の構成による効果に加えて、有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着・除去の操作と、有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び脱ハロゲン化操作とを、2以上の吸着塔で切り替えて行うことができ、有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化を実質的に連続処理して効率よく行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施形態にかかる有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置の概略構成図である。
【図2】第1の実施形態の装置における各部での操作の処理温度を示す図である。
【図3】本発明の第2の実施形態にかかる有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置の概略構成図である。
【図4】第2の実施形態の装置における各部での操作の処理温度を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 フィルタ
2 ブロア
3、4 吸着塔
3a、4a 吸着剤
5 触媒塔
5a 触媒
6 循環ブロア
7 水タンク
8 蒸発器
9 熱交換器
10 排ガス熱交換器
11〜20 ライン[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing and detoxifying an organic halogen compound from a gas to be treated containing the organic halogen compound.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Electric appliances and textile products used in the living space of citizens are often commercialized with flame retardant added from the viewpoint of fire prevention measures. Brominated flame retardants (BFR) such as polybrominated biphenyl ether and tetrabrominated bisphenol A, or environmental hormones, etc. are pointed out as adverse effects on genital organs, etc. This is why.
Conventionally, since BFR or environmental hormones are not regulated by law, no specific countermeasure technology has been developed, and it has been common to make efforts to prevent scattering such as incineration and landfilling of target products. .
However, in Europe and the United States, some environmental hormones are already regulated, and Japan is in the direction to be regulated by law around 2005, and it is indispensable to investigate and take measures for a wide range and strict processing technology. It was.
In particular, harmful substances such as BFR are taken orally after being diffused into the atmosphere, and are considered to affect the living body. Therefore, development of a more rational, high-performance and inexpensive processing apparatus and processing system is awaited.
[0003]
For electrical products containing BFR and environmental hormones, etc., the high temperature incineration method and solidification landfilling method have been implemented so far, but the former is a risk of dioxin formation due to overheating, the latter is not a complete measure, However, there are problems in terms of cost, and there are many problems that must be solved technically in order to comply with the law, and it is necessary to complete exhaust gas treatment and high-performance purification treatment systems in product-related manufacturing facilities. This is the current situation.
An important source of BFR, environmental hormones, and other organic halogen compounds is a flame retardant for interior fibers such as manufacturing equipment, curtains, carpets, etc., which is the stage of addition and mixing of BFR to raw material resins that are useful for manufacturing electrical products. Production equipment at the product stage for processing, exhaust gas in the process of processing as waste, etc.
In the former, it is contained in exhaust gas / particles in the manufacturing stage, and in the latter, it is generated by crushing, fractionation, and combustion.
Therefore, exhaust gas containing BFR, environmental hormones, and other organic halogen compounds is the target of treatment for the time being. Capture / separation (removal) of organic halogen compounds such as BFR from exhaust gas and detoxification of the captured / separated organic halogen compounds It is important to establish useful devices and systems.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Research on the processing technology for the above BFR, environmental hormones and other organic halogen compounds has just begun, and there is a risk of dioxin formation in the processing of organic halogen compounds.
In addition, organic substances, hydrocarbons, odorous substances, halogenated hydrocarbons, organic halogen compounds, etc., which are harmful substances in the gas to be treated, have generally been effective by applying the high-temperature decomposition method.・ There was a risk of dioxin by-product due to passing through the dioxin generation temperature range during the heating process. Further, as a means for avoiding the high temperature treatment, there is a catalyst utilization technique. However, conventionally provided noble metal catalysts such as Pd and Pt have a problem of poisoning and deactivation of the catalyst by a halogen element.
In addition, there was no high-performance, safe, and useful device for capturing / separating (removing) an organic halogen compound such as BFR from a gas to be treated such as exhaust gas and detoxifying the captured / separated organic halogen compound.
[0005]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a high-performance organohalogen compound removal / detoxification device that can safely remove and detoxify organic halogen compounds contained in a gas to be treated such as exhaust gas, and can efficiently perform these treatments. The issue is to provide
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, an organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus for removing an organic halogen compound contained in a gas to be treated from the gas to be treated and detoxifying the organic halogen compound. An adsorption tower having an adsorbent for adsorbing a compound, a catalyst tower having a catalyst for detoxifying halogen bonded to an organic halogen compound as hydrogen halide, and the organic halogen compound with respect to the adsorption tower A gas to be treated is introduced to remove the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated and the gas to be treated that has passed through the adsorption tower is discharged, and the adsorption tower to which the organic halogen compound is adsorbed is humidified. The adsorbed organic halogen compound is desorbed by sending hot air in a state, and the hot air that has passed through the adsorption tower is guided to the catalyst tower to remove halogen compounds. A hot air introducing means for carrying out the generation, from the operation of adsorbing the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower to the desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by the hot air and the desorption of the organic halogen compound in the catalyst tower. The first feature is that the halogenation operation is performed at a processing temperature lower than the dioxin generation temperature.
In addition to the first feature, the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus of the present invention is a carbon-based adsorbent having 30 to 50 macropores, silica or alumina. The second characteristic is that it is an inorganic porous material such as.
Moreover, in addition to the said 1st or 2nd characteristic, the catalyst with which a catalyst tower is equipped with the removal-detoxification apparatus of the organic halogen compound of this invention is V-TiO. 2 Type, V-W-TiO 2 Mold or V-Mo-TiO 2 The third feature is that it is a pellet of a mold or a honeycomb structure.
Further, in addition to any one of the first to third features, the organohalogen compound removal / detoxification device of the present invention is configured to perform the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower without heating. It is said.
Further, the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus of the present invention has a configuration in which the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C. in addition to any of the first to third features. This is the fifth feature.
Further, the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus of the present invention, in addition to any one of the above-mentioned features of the first to fifth aspects, the organic halogen compound desorption operation in the adsorption tower by hot air and the organic in the catalyst tower by hot air. A sixth feature is that the halogen compound dehalogenation operation is performed at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C.
In addition to the sixth feature, the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to the present invention performs the desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower at 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. A seventh feature is that a hot air in a humidified state of 280 to 450 ° C. is sent to the adsorbent to completely desorb and decompose the residue remaining in the adsorbent and regenerate the adsorbent.
The organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to the present invention uses at least two or more adsorption towers in addition to any of the above-described features of the first to seventh aspects. An operation for guiding the gas to be treated containing the organic halogen compound by the introduction / discharge means to remove the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated is performed. In the other adsorption tower, hot air is introduced into the adsorption tower by the hot air introduction means. An operation of desorbing the organic halogen compound trapped in the adsorption tower, and an operation of dehalogenating the organic halogen compound in the hot air by sending hot air containing the halogen compound desorbed by the operation to the catalyst tower. The eighth feature is that it is configured to be performed.
[0007]
According to the first feature, the gas to be treated containing the organic halogen compound is led to the adsorption tower having the adsorbent by the gas to be treated introducing and discharging means, so that the organic halogen compound in the gas to be treated is adsorbed by the adsorbent. To be removed by adsorption. At this time, the adsorption operation of the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated in the adsorption tower is performed at a temperature lower than the dioxin production temperature.
To the adsorption tower that has sufficiently adsorbed the halogen compound by the adsorption operation, hot air in a humidified state is sent by the hot air introduction means, and thereby the organic halogen compound adsorbed and trapped by the adsorbent of the adsorption tower. Desorbed in hot air. At this time, the desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by hot air is also performed at a temperature lower than the dioxin production temperature.
The organohalogen compound desorbed by the desorption operation and contained in the hot air is led to a catalyst tower equipped with a catalyst together with the hot air, and the halogenated organic halogen compound is dehalogenated by the catalyst of the catalyst tower to make it harmless. Is done.
By humidifying the hot air sent to the adsorption tower, desorption of the organic halogen compound adsorbed on the adsorbent from the adsorbent is easily performed.
Therefore, according to the first feature, the organic halogen compound can be adsorbed and removed from the gas to be treated without performing treatment at a high temperature at which dioxins may be generated, and further, adsorbed and removed. Dehalogenation can be carried out from an organic halogen compound without performing treatment at a high temperature at which dioxins may be generated. Therefore, prior to the decomposition of the organic halogen compound, dehalogenation of the organic halogen compound can be performed without generating dioxins and the like, so that subsequent decomposition of the organic halogen compound (dehalogenated) is limited. And can be done safely without any problems.
In addition, desorption of the organic halogen compound from the adsorbent in the adsorption tower can be performed efficiently without increasing the processing temperature to high temperature by performing humidified hot air.
[0008]
Further, according to the second feature, in addition to the function and effect of the first feature, the adsorbent provided in the adsorption tower is a carbon-based adsorbent having macropores of 30 to 50 mm, silica, alumina or the like. By using the inorganic porous material, the organic halogen compound can be effectively adsorbed and removed from the gas to be processed even at a processing temperature lower than the dioxin generation temperature.
[0009]
Further, according to the third feature, in addition to the function and effect of the first or second feature, the catalyst provided in the catalyst tower is made of V-TiO. 2 Type, V-W-TiO 2 Mold or V-Mo-TiO 2 By making the pellets or honeycomb structure of the mold, halogens such as Cl and Br are effectively removed from the organic halogen compounds in the hot air introduced to the catalyst tower at a treatment temperature lower than the production temperature of dioxin, HCl, It can be detoxified as a hydrogen halide such as HBr and dehalogenated.
[0010]
Further, according to the fourth feature, in addition to the operational effect of any of the first to third features, the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed without heating, so that the organic halogen in the gas to be treated is obtained. A compound can be adsorbed and removed without the formation of dioxins. In addition, energy is saved because it is not heated.
[0011]
Further, according to the fifth feature, in addition to the operational effects of any of the first to third features, the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed at a processing temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C., Organic halogen compounds in the gas to be treated can be adsorbed and removed without generating dioxins. Further, by heating to 100 ° C. or higher, adsorption / removal with an adsorbent can be performed efficiently in the adsorption tower.
[0012]
Further, according to the sixth feature, in addition to the operational effects of any of the first to fifth features, the desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by hot air, and the subsequent desorption in the catalyst tower. By performing the halogenation treatment at 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C., these treatments can be carried out without fear that dioxins are generated. In addition, by heating to 100 ° C. or higher, desorption of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower and dehalogenation treatment in the catalyst tower can be performed efficiently.
[0013]
Further, according to the seventh feature, in addition to the function and effect of the sixth feature, after the desorption operation at 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. is performed in the adsorption tower, the final temperature is 280 to 450 ° C. By sending hot air in a humidified state to completely desorb / decompose the residue in the adsorption tower and regenerate the adsorbent, the adsorbent can be fully regenerated and reused. Can be used.
[0014]
Further, according to the eighth feature, in addition to the function and effect of any one of the first to seventh features, at least two or more adsorption towers are used, and one of the adsorption towers introduces and discharges a gas to be treated. The operation of adsorption / removal of the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated is performed by the means, and in the other adsorption tower which has completed the adsorption / removal operation, the operation of desorption of the organic halogen compound already adsorbed by the hot air introduction means is performed. Then, the dehalogenation operation is performed in which the desorbed organohalogen compound is sent together with hot air to the catalyst tower for dehalogenation. In this way, the adsorption tower is divided into two groups, and an organic halogen compound adsorption / removal operation and an organic halogen compound desorption operation and a dehalogenation operation are switched to provide an organic halogen compound. The removal and detoxification of the compound can be performed efficiently by continuous treatment.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing processing temperatures of operations at various parts in the apparatus of the first embodiment. . FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing processing temperatures of operations at various parts in the apparatus of the second embodiment. .
[0016]
First, an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This apparatus includes a pair of adsorption towers 3 and 4 and a catalyst tower 5.
To one of the adsorption towers 3, the filter 1 excluding particles contained in the gas to be processed from the generation source X of the gas to be processed containing the organic halogen compound and the gas to be processed that has passed through the filter 1 are blown. The blower 2 is connected.
A gas to be processed including an organic halogen compound from the gas generation source X to be processed is given a conveying force by the blower 2, passes through the filter 1 through the line 11, and is sent to the adsorption tower 3 through the lines 12 and 13. In the adsorption tower 3, the organic halogen compound contained in the gas to be treated is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent 3 a provided therein. The gas to be processed that has passed through the adsorption tower 3 is exhausted through a line 14. These filter 1, blower 2, lines 11, 12, 13, and 14 constitute gas to be treated introduction / exhaust means.
In FIG. 1, lines 11 to 20 indicated by solid lines are operating lines, and lines indicated by broken lines are standby lines.
[0017]
The other adsorption tower 4 is connected with a catalyst tower 5, a circulation blower 6, a water tank 7, an evaporator 8, and a heat exchanger 9. The circulating gas that has passed through the catalyst tower 5 passes through the line 17 and is sent to the heat exchanger 9 side by the circulating blower 6, while the water from the water tank 7 enters the evaporator 8 through the line 15 and is generated. The steam is sent to the heat exchanger 9 through the line 16. In the heat exchanger 9, the steam and the circulating gas sent from the circulation blower 6 are mixed to form humidified hot air, which is sent to the adsorption tower 4 via the line 19. The adsorption tower 4 is an adsorption tower that has already sufficiently adsorbed the organic halogen compound. The organic halogen compound adsorbed on the adsorbent 4a is desorbed from the adsorbent 4a by the humidified hot air sent to the adsorption tower 4. The hot air passing through the adsorption tower 4 is guided to the catalyst tower 5 through the line 20, and the organic halogen compound in the hot air is dehalogenated by the catalyst 5 a provided in the catalyst tower 5.
The circulation blower 6, the water tank 7, the evaporator 8, the heat exchanger 9, and the lines 18 and 19 constitute hot air introducing means.
The circulating gas can be nitrogen gas. The humid hot air is a mixture of steam and nitrogen gas. By using the nitrogen gas, the circulating gas is made inert and the ignition of the desorbed material is prevented.
[0018]
In the above, the adsorption tower 3 and the adsorption tower 4 are switched between the lines 13 and 14 and the lines 19 and 20 connected thereto, so that the adsorption tower 3 becomes the adsorption tower 4 and the adsorption tower 4 It becomes the adsorption tower 3. By providing at least two adsorption towers, it is possible to continuously perform operations consisting of two systems of removal of the organic halogen compound, detoxification, and regeneration of the adsorption tower. Of course, two or more adsorption towers can be provided and divided into two or more groups to form groups such as adsorption, detoxification and regeneration, and standby.
[0019]
The organic halogen compound can be a brominated flame retardant (BFR) such as polybrominated biphenyl ether or tetrabrominated bisphenol A. Further, it may be an environmental hormone containing an organic halogen compound.
[0020]
The adsorbents 3a and 4a provided in the adsorption towers 3 and 4 are 30 to 50 kg in consideration of capture by adsorption of the brominated flame retardant (BFR) or environmental hormone and desorption from the adsorbent during decomposition. A carbon-based adsorbent composed of macropores or an inorganic porous material such as silica or alumina is packed into the adsorption towers 3 and 4.
The adsorption operation in the adsorption tower 3 is performed at a so-called room temperature without heating the gas to be treated and the adsorbent 3a.
[0021]
The catalyst 5a provided in the catalyst tower 5 is formed by fixing Cl or Br or the like bonded as a part of the organic halogen compound to the catalyst 5a as hydrogen halide such as HCl or HBr or discharging it as a gas. It detoxifies the compound. As this catalyst 5a, TiO 2 1 to 35% of vanadium oxide and 1 to 40% of tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide supported VW-TiO 2 Mold or V-Mo-TiO 2 Mold pellets or honeycomb structures can be used. V-TiO 2 A mold may be used.
[0022]
The desorption operation of the organic halogen compound from the adsorbent 4a in the adsorption tower 4 by the hot air is performed at 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C. Preferably it is carried out at 180 ± 15 ° C.
Since the desorption operation is performed with hot air humidified with steam at 100 ° C. or higher, the minimum temperature is set to 100 ° C. in order to prevent vapor condensation, while avoiding the risk of dioxin formation from organic halogen compounds. The maximum temperature was less than 200 ° C.
[0023]
By performing desorption operation by adding water vapor to the hot air and performing hot air in a humidified state, the organic halogen compound adsorbed on the adsorbent 4a can be replaced with moisture, thereby promoting desorption. .
The degree of humidity of the steam contained in the hot air depends on the properties of the adsorbent 4a, but can be a humidity that causes partial condensation of the vapor on the surface of the adsorbent 4a. When partial condensation of vapor occurs on the surface of the adsorbent 4a, the organic halogen compound molecules adsorbed by the heat of condensation easily jump out of the surface of the adsorbent 4a.
The preferable humidity of the hot air is 60% or more when the adsorbent 4a is activated carbon. However, considering the energy consumption due to the latent heat of vapor, an appropriate value is determined in advance for each condition.
[0024]
The dehalogenation operation in the catalyst tower 5 is performed at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. Preferably, the temperature is set to 180 ± 15 ° C. This processing temperature is the same as the temperature of the hot air produced by the hot air introducing means. The hot air produced by the hot air introducing means is guided to the catalyst tower 5 through the adsorption tower 4. At this time, the temperature gradually falls below the treatment temperature in the adsorption tower 5, but is set to the same range as the treatment temperature range of the dehalogenation operation. By setting it within this temperature range, dehalogenation by the catalyst 5a can be efficiently performed by heating while avoiding the possibility of dioxin formation by the organic halogen compound.
[0025]
For the adsorption tower 4, after the dehalogenation operation at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. is completed, the adsorbent 4 a is regenerated. In this regeneration operation, hot air in a humidified state of 280 to 450 ° C., preferably 360 ± 20 ° C. is sent to the adsorption tower 4 by hot air introduction means. The hot air performs complete desorption and decomposition of the remaining residue that is not desorbed by the adsorbent 4a, and also recovers and regenerates the macropores or honeycomb structure of the adsorbent 4a.
The reason for humidifying the hot air is the same as described above. Further, 280 ° C., which is the lower limit of 280 to 450 ° C., is a minimum temperature necessary for regenerating the adsorbent while avoiding a temperature range in which dioxins are generated.
[0026]
2 shows the processing temperature of the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower 3 in FIG. 1 (room temperature RT as the processing temperature not heated), the processing temperature of the desorption operation in the adsorption tower 4 (180 ± 15 ° C.), and the processing of the regeneration operation. The temperature (360 ± 20 ° C.) and the treatment temperature (180 ± 15 ° C.) of the dehalogenation operation in the catalyst tower 5 are shown.
[0027]
An apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The apparatus of the second embodiment is different from the apparatus of the first embodiment in that the temperature controllers 3b and 4b are provided in the adsorption towers 3 and 4. Further, an exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 is provided in the middle of the line 14, and the gas to be processed from the gas generation source X to be processed is heat exchange heated through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 and led to the line 11. It is different.
In the second embodiment, the adsorption operation of the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated performed in the adsorption tower 3 is heated to a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C., preferably 180 ± 15 ° C. Do.
By this adsorption operation, the organic halogen compound in the gas to be treated can be adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent 3a, and further, a part of the adsorbed organic halogen compound can be detoxified by heat to make it harmless. . However, at such a heating temperature, high boiling point substances such as oil in the gas to be treated cannot be decomposed / desorbed, and the adsorbent 3a eventually loses its activity.
The adsorption tower 3 that has lost its activity is switched to the adsorption tower 4 and the hot air humidified by the hot air introduction means is sent to the organic halogen compound adsorbed on the adsorbent 4b during the adsorption operation (partially dehalogenated). ) And is sent to the catalyst tower 5 for dehalogenation to render it harmless.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the apparatus of the first embodiment described above. Members having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0028]
4 shows the processing temperature (180 ± 15 ° C.) of the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower 3 in FIG. 3, the processing temperature (180 ± 15 ° C.) of the desorption operation in the adsorption tower 4 and the processing temperature (360 ± of the regeneration operation). 20 ° C.) and the treatment temperature (180 ± 15 ° C.) of the dehalogenation operation in the catalyst tower 5.
[0029]
【Example】
(Example 1)
Using the apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, the adsorption operation of tetrabrominated bisphenol A using the activated carbon adsorbent in which 35 to 40 cm of macropores account for 95% of the total as the adsorbent is performed as follows. Each treatment temperature and a gas having a concentration of tetrabrominated bisphenol A were used.
Adsorption operation processing temperature 26 ℃, 85 ℃
Concentration (ppm) 0.1, 0.5, 1.0
[0030]
The measurement results of the equilibrium adsorption rate of tetrabrominated bisphenol A according to Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005021786
[0032]
(Example 2)
Next, desorption operation with hot air of tetrabrominated bisphenol A adsorbed on the adsorbent in Example 1 was performed under the following conditions.
Types of hot air Nitrogen gas, Nitrogen gas + steam humidification
Desorption operation treatment temperature 150 ° C, 183 ° C, 247 ° C, 320 ° C
[0033]
The measurement results of the desorption rate according to Example 2 are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 2005021786
[0035]
Example 3
Next, the dehalogenation operation of the tetrabrominated bisphenol A desorbed in Example 2 in the catalyst tower 5 was performed under the following conditions.
Catalyst used V-W-TiO 2 (Hybrid pellet catalyst)
Operation processing temperature 133 ° C, 170 ° C, 226 ° C, 244 ° C
Superficial velocity SV (l / h) 800, 3700
[0036]
The measurement results of the dehalogenation rate according to Example 3 are shown in Table 3.
[0037]
[Table 3]
Figure 2005021786
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the above-described configuration and action. According to the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device according to claim 1, the organic halogen compound is removed from the gas to be treated at a high temperature at which dioxins may be generated. Can be adsorbed / removed without treatment, and dehalogenation can be carried out from the adsorbed / removed organic halogen compound without any treatment at a high temperature that may generate dioxin. it can. Therefore, prior to the decomposition of the organic halogen compound, dehalogenation of the organic halogen compound can be performed without generating dioxins and the like, so that the subsequent decomposition of the organic halogen compound (dehalogenated) is limited. And can be performed safely.
In addition, desorption of the organic halogen compound from the adsorbent in the adsorption tower is performed with humidified hot air, so that desorption can be efficiently performed without increasing the processing temperature.
According to the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the constitution according to claim 1, the adsorbent provided in the adsorption tower is made to have macropores of 30 to 50 mm. By using an inorganic porous material such as a carbon-based adsorbent or silica, alumina, etc., the organic halogen compound can be effectively adsorbed and removed from the gas to be treated even at a processing temperature lower than the dioxin generation temperature. it can.
Further, according to the organohalogen compound removing / detoxifying device according to claim 3, in addition to the effect of the configuration according to claim 1 or 2, the catalyst provided in the catalyst tower is made V-TiO 2. 2 Type, V-W-TiO 2 Mold or V-Mo-TiO 2 By forming the pellets or honeycomb structure of the mold, halogens such as Cl and Br are effectively converted from HCl and HBr from the organic halogen compounds in the hot air that have been effectively led to the catalyst tower at a treatment temperature lower than the dioxin generation temperature. It can be detoxified and dehalogenated as a hydrogen halide such as.
Moreover, according to the removal / detoxification device of the organic halogen compound according to claim 4, in addition to the effect of the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is not heated. By carrying out, the organic halogen compound in the gas to be treated can be adsorbed and removed without generating dioxins. Moreover, it is energy saving because it is not heated.
Moreover, according to the removal-to-detoxification device of the organic halogen compound according to claim 5, in addition to the effect of the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed at 100 ° C or higher. By performing the treatment at a treatment temperature of less than 200 ° C., the organic halogen compound in the gas to be treated can be adsorbed and removed without generating dioxins. Further, by heating to 100 ° C. or higher, adsorption / removal with an adsorbent can be performed efficiently in the adsorption tower.
Further, according to the removal / detoxification device of the organic halogen compound according to claim 6, in addition to the effect of the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, desorption of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by hot air. By performing the separation operation and the subsequent dehalogenation treatment in the catalyst tower at 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C., these treatments can be carried out without fear that dioxins are generated. In addition, by heating to 100 ° C. or higher, desorption of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower and dehalogenation treatment in the catalyst tower can be performed efficiently.
Further, according to the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device according to claim 7, in addition to the effect of the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the adsorption tower has a temperature of 100 ° C or higher and lower than 200 ° C. After the desorption operation is performed, finally, a hot air in a humidified state of 280 to 450 ° C. is sent to completely desorb and decompose the residue of the adsorption tower and regenerate the adsorbent. The adsorbent can be sufficiently regenerated in the adsorption tower and can be reused.
According to the organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device according to claim 8, in addition to the effect of the constitution according to any of claims 1 to 7, the operation of adsorption / removal of the organic halogen compound, The desorption operation and dehalogenation operation of the organic halogen compound can be performed by switching between two or more adsorption towers, and the removal and detoxification of the organic halogen compound can be performed efficiently by substantially continuous treatment. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a processing temperature of an operation at each unit in the apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic halogen compound removal / detoxification apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a processing temperature of an operation at each unit in the apparatus according to the second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Filter
2 Blower
3, 4 Adsorption tower
3a, 4a adsorbent
5 Catalyst tower
5a catalyst
6 Circulating blower
7 Water tank
8 Evaporator
9 Heat exchanger
10 Exhaust gas heat exchanger
11-20 lines

Claims (8)

被処理ガス中に含まれる有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去し、無害化する装置であって、前記有機ハロゲン化合物を吸着する吸着剤を備えた吸着塔と、有機ハロゲン化合物に結合しているハロゲンをハロゲン化水素として無害化する触媒を備えた触媒塔と、前記吸着塔に対して前記有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスを導いて該有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去させると共に吸着塔を通過した被処理ガスを排出する被処理ガス導入排出手段と、有機ハロゲン化合物が吸着された吸着塔に対して加湿状態の熱風を送って前記吸着されている有機ハロゲン化合物を脱離させ、更に吸着塔を通過した熱風を前記触媒塔に導いてハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化を行わせる熱風導入手段とを有し、前記吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の吸着操作から、前記熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び触媒塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化操作までを、ダイオキシンの生成温度未満の処理温度で行うように構成したことを特徴とする有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。An apparatus for removing an organic halogen compound contained in a gas to be treated from the gas to be treated and detoxifying the gas, and an adsorption tower having an adsorbent for adsorbing the organic halogen compound and the organic halogen compound. A catalyst tower having a catalyst for detoxifying halogen as hydrogen halide; and a gas to be treated containing the organic halogen compound is introduced to the adsorption tower to remove the organic halogen compound from the gas to be treated, and an adsorption tower Processed gas introduction / exhaust means for exhausting the gas to be processed that has passed through, and hot air in a humidified state is sent to the adsorption tower on which the organic halogen compound is adsorbed to desorb the adsorbed organic halogen compound, and further adsorb An organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower, having hot air introduction means for conducting the dehalogenation of the halogen compound by guiding the hot air that has passed through the tower to the catalyst tower From the adsorption operation to the desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by the hot air and the dehalogenation operation of the organic halogen compound in the catalyst tower, it is configured to be performed at a treatment temperature lower than the dioxin production temperature. An organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device. 吸着塔に備えられる吸着剤は、30〜50Åのマクロ細孔を有する炭素系吸着剤若しくはシリカ、アルミナ等の無機系多孔質物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。The adsorbent provided in the adsorption tower is a carbon-based adsorbent having macropores of 30 to 50 mm, or an inorganic porous material such as silica or alumina. Removal / detoxification device. 触媒塔に備えられる触媒は、V−TiO型、V−W−TiO型、若しくはV−Mo−TiO型のペレット又はハニカム構造物であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。The catalyst provided in the catalyst tower is a pellet or honeycomb structure of V-TiO 2 type, VW-TiO 2 type, or V-Mo-TiO 2 type, according to claim 1 or 2. Organic halogen compound removal and detoxification equipment. 吸着塔での吸着操作を加熱することなく行う構成としたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。The apparatus for removing and detoxifying an organic halogen compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed without heating. 吸着塔での吸着操作を100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行う構成としたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。The apparatus for removing and detoxifying an organic halogen compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorption operation in the adsorption tower is performed at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C or higher and lower than 200 ° C. 熱風による吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作及び熱風による触媒塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱ハロゲン化操作を、100℃以上、200℃未満の処理温度で行う構成としたことを特徴とする請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。The desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower by hot air and the dehalogenation operation of the organic halogen compound in the catalyst tower by hot air are performed at a treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C. The organic halogen compound removing / detoxifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 吸着塔での有機ハロゲン化合物の脱離操作を100℃以上、200℃未満で行った後、吸着塔に280〜450℃の加湿状態の熱風を送って、吸着剤に残っている残余物の完全脱離・分解と吸着剤の再生を行う構成としたことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。After desorption operation of the organic halogen compound in the adsorption tower is performed at 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C., hot air in a humidified state of 280 to 450 ° C. is sent to the adsorption tower to complete the residue remaining in the adsorbent. The organic halogen compound removal / detoxification device according to claim 6, wherein desorption / decomposition and adsorbent regeneration are performed. 吸着塔は、少なくとも2塔以上用い、その一方の吸着塔においては、被処理ガス導入排出手段により有機ハロゲン化合物を含む被処理ガスを導いて該有機ハロゲン化合物を被処理ガスから除去させる操作を行わせ、他方の吸着塔においては、熱風導入手段により熱風を吸着塔に導入して該吸着塔に捕捉されている有機ハロゲン化合物を脱離させる操作と、該操作によって脱離されたハロゲン化合物を含む熱風を触媒塔へ送って熱風中の有機ハロゲン化合物を脱ハロゲン化する操作とを行わせるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項1〜7の何れかに記載の有機ハロゲン化合物の除去・無害化装置。At least two or more adsorption towers are used, and in one of the adsorption towers, an operation for introducing a treatment gas containing an organic halogen compound by a treatment gas introduction / extraction means and removing the organic halogen compound from the treatment gas is performed. The other adsorption tower includes an operation of introducing hot air into the adsorption tower by hot air introduction means to desorb the organic halogen compound trapped in the adsorption tower, and a halogen compound desorbed by the operation The organic halogen compound removal / harmfulness according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is configured to send hot air to the catalyst tower and perform an operation of dehalogenating the organic halogen compound in the hot air. Device.
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