JP2005015697A - Method for producing aqueous emulsion composition - Google Patents

Method for producing aqueous emulsion composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005015697A
JP2005015697A JP2003184828A JP2003184828A JP2005015697A JP 2005015697 A JP2005015697 A JP 2005015697A JP 2003184828 A JP2003184828 A JP 2003184828A JP 2003184828 A JP2003184828 A JP 2003184828A JP 2005015697 A JP2005015697 A JP 2005015697A
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Prior art keywords
aqueous emulsion
ethylenically unsaturated
alkali
emulsion composition
living radical
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JP2003184828A
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JP4145735B2 (en
Inventor
Akinori Eto
彰紀 江藤
Sota Ito
壮太 伊藤
Makoto Suzuki
鈴木  誠
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a self-stabilized aqueous emulsion composition having controlled molecular structure and broad molecule designing freedom without using an organic solvent by using a living radical polymerization technique. <P>SOLUTION: The aqueous emulsion composition is produced by polymerizing 5-60 wt.% ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing carboxy group and 95-40 wt.% ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the former monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a compound having living radical polymerization property, adding an alkali to an aqueous dispersion of the alkali-soluble resin to dissolve the resin and polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of the produced water-soluble resin. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機溶剤を用いない水性エマルション組成物の製造方法に関し、より詳しくは、リビングラジカル重合法で得られ、かつ、アルカリで水に可溶な樹脂(以下、アルカリ可溶性樹脂と称する)を利用した自己安定型水性エマルション組成物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水を媒体とした水性エマルション組成物は、有機溶剤を使用する樹脂組成物と比較して、エマルション組成物を乾燥して得られる塗膜の耐水性が悪い場合がある等の問題はあるものの大気汚染が少ない、火災発生が起こりにくい、低粘度でありながら高固形分化できる等の長所を有しており、広く普及している。
【0003】
近年は、前記水性エマルション組成物の欠点を補うべく検討も精力的に行われており、前記耐水性に関する問題を解決する試みとしては、例えば、耐水性不良の一要因とされる界面活性剤を使用しない水性エマルションの合成手法の検討などが挙げられる。この場合、本来分散安定性を付与する目的で使用される界面活性剤を使用しないため、良好な分散安定性を示す界面活性剤を含まない水性エマルションの合成技術が望まれる。
【0004】
例えば、特開2001−279112号公報では水に分散した安定化コポリマーを有機溶剤中で合成し、これを分散安定剤として利用することで、界面活性剤を含まない水性エマルションを合成する方法が示されている。該公報による方法は、確かに界面活性剤を含まないにもかかわらず、十分な分散安定性を示す水性エマルション合成が可能であるが、メタクリル酸などの親水性部分とメチルメタクリレートなどの疎水性部分からなる安定化コポリマーの作成に有機溶剤を使用しており、続くエマルション重合の際にはこれら有機溶剤が含まれていたり、脱溶剤の工程が必要であったりし、環境に対する影響が危惧される、製造工程が多段階で煩雑となる等の問題を含む場合がある。
【0005】
一方、Christopher J. Ferguson et al. Macromolecules (2002) 35 (25), 9243−9245では、リビングラジカル重合技術を利用した界面活性剤を使用しない水性エマルションについて報告している。すなわち、該報告では水を媒体として、リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物である付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤存在下でアクリル酸を重合することで、アクリル酸数分子とRAFT剤で構成されるオリゴマーを合成し、これを分散安定剤として作用させることでアクリル酸−ブチルアクリレートブロック共重合体で構成される界面活性剤を含まない水性エマルションを合成している。しかしながら、この場合、付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤は両親媒性を示す必要があり、分散安定剤となるオリゴマーの構成成分として使用できるモノマーもアクリル酸などの水溶性を示すもののみに限られ、ガラス点移転の調整などの分子設計の幅が狭くなる欠点を有する。
【0006】
特開2002−129093号公報には、2,4−ジフェニル−4−メチル−1−ペンテンを付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤として用い、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルなどの有機溶剤中で該連鎖移動剤存在下でカルボキシル基含有モノマー50モル%以上からなるモノマー成分を重合することによって得たマクロモノマーとノニオン性乳化剤を安定化剤として用いた水性エマルションの製造方法が開示されている。しかし、該公報の技術は水性エマルション製造時にノニオン性界面活性剤を含み、かつマクロモノマーは有機溶剤中で製造され、問題としては前述した通りである。後者2例はリビングラジカル重合技術を利用したものである。リビングラジカル重合技術はブロック共重合体等の分子構造の制御が可能なため、大変有効な重合技術として注目されている。これまで、リビングラジカル重合法として、付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤等を用いた交換連鎖移動機構を原理とした重合法(例えば、WO98/58974、WO98/01478)、2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシラジカル(TEMPO)に代表される窒素酸化物等を利用した解離―結合機構をその原理とした重合法(例えば、D.Benoit et al. J.Am.Chem.Soc. (1999) 121, 3904−3920)、原子移動機構をその原理とする原子移動ラジカル重合法(例えば、WO96/30421)などが提案されている。これらリビングラジカル重合技術を応用することで、前記例の如く自己安定型の水性エマルションの合成が可能となるばかりでなく、エマルション粒子の表面修飾等も可能となる。該技術を利用する場合、前記例に示されているように、第一段階に親水性のマクロモノマーを合成し、これを分散安定剤の如く使用して第二段階で疎水性のモノマーを重合し、自己安定型の水性エマルションを合成する手法が用いられることがある。
【0007】
しかし、現在までのところ、このようなステップで自己安定型水性エマルションを合成するにあたり、親水性のマクロモノマーの合成にはリビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物は両親媒性を示すものでなくてはならない、あるいは両親媒性を示さない場合にはマクロモノマーの合成に有機溶剤が必要であるなどの問題がある。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−279112号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−129093号公報
【特許文献3】
WO98/58974
【特許文献4】
WO98/01478
【特許文献5】
WO96/30421
【非特許文献1】
Christopher J. Ferguson et al. Macromolecules (2002) 35
(25), 9243−9245
【非特許文献2】
D.Benoit et al. J.Am.Chem.Soc. (1999) 121, 3904−3920
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、このような事情に照らし、リビングラジカル重合技術を利用し、分子構造が制御された分子設計幅の広い自己安定型水性エマルション組成物を有機溶剤を使用することなく製造することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物の存在下でアルカリ可溶性である樹脂の水分散体を合成し、これにアルカリを添加することによって得られた水溶性樹脂存在下でエマルション重合することで、分子構造が制御され、分子設計幅が広く、かつ有機溶剤を使用しない自己安定型水性エマルション組成物の製造が可能となることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1) リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物の存在下、水性媒体中でカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体5〜60重量%とこれと共重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体95〜40重量%とを重合させて得られる樹脂であって、かつ、アルカリ可溶性を示す樹脂の水性分散液にアルカリを加えて該樹脂を溶解させ、得られた水溶性樹脂の存在下にエチレン性不飽和化合物を重合させることを特徴とする水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。
(2) エチレン性不飽和単量体が、スチレン及び/または(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであることを特徴とする(1)記載の水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。
(3) リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物が、付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤であることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)記載の水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。
である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0013】
リビングラジカル重合には代表的なものとして、付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤等を用いた交換連鎖移動機構を原理とした重合法、2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシラジカル(TEMPO)に代表される窒素酸化物等を利用した解離―結合機構をその原理とした重合法、原子移動機構をその原理とする原子移動ラジカル重合法などがある。本発明で使用するリビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物には特に制限がなく、必ずしも両親媒性である必要も無いが、本発明の如くイオン性モノマーを使用することの多い水性エマルションに対しては、モノマーの選択幅が広いことを特徴とする交換連鎖移動機構を原理とした付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤等を用いたリビングラジカル重合法が現段階では最も好ましい。これまでに、ジチオエステル類化合等や2,4−ジフェニル−4−メチル−1−ペンテンが付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤(RAFT剤)として使用できることが知られている。ジチオエステル類化合物にはザンテート(xanthate)系RAFT剤、ジチオアセテート(dithioacetate)系RAFT剤、ジチオベンゾエート(dithiobenzoate)系RAFT剤などがリビングラジカル性を有することが報告されている。本発明ではこれらのどの付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤を用いても構わなく、また、これらに限定されるものでもない。
【0014】
本発明のアルカリ可溶性樹脂は、リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物とカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体を含むことを特徴とする。アルカリ可溶性樹脂とはアルカリ添加前は水分散状態であり、アルカリを添加することで水溶性状態になる樹脂である。本発明のアルカリ可溶性樹脂に含まれるカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、単量体分子内にカルボキシル基が含まれていれば特に制限はないが、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸等が挙げられる。これらのカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体は5重量部以下ではアルカリ添加による水溶解性が十分でなく、60重量部を越えるとアルカリ可溶樹脂となる水分散体の安定性が悪くなる。また、これと共重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体としては、カルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体と共重合可能であれば、特に制限はないが、例えばメチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、i−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、t−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート,ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステルが挙げられる。また、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリロニトリル等の窒素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体も使用して差し支えない。また、官能基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体として2−ヒドロキシルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート等のヒドロキシ基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、メチルグリシジルアクリレート、アリルグリシジルアクリレート等のグリシジル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体、アセトアセチル(メタ)アクリレート等のアセトアセチル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体、2−メタクロイロキシエチルアシッドフォスフェート等のリン酸基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体、スチレンスルホン酸塩等のスルホン酸塩含有エチレン性不飽和単量体も挙げられる。この他、ポリエチレングリコールとメタクリル酸の付加物(ブレンマ−PEシリーズ:商品名、日本油脂製)やポリプロピレングリコールとメタクリル酸の付加物(ブレンマ−PPシリーズ:商品名、日本油脂製)、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、酢酸ビニル、エチレン、ブタジエン、塩化ビニリデン、塩化ビニル等が挙げられ、これらカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体と共重合可能な不飽和単量体は単独で、あるいは2種類以上混合して用いることができる。
【0015】
本発明のアルカリ可溶性樹脂は重合時にリビングラジカル重合性を示す化合物を含む以外は一般的に実施される乳化重合で合成されるが、本発明によって得られる水性エマルション組成物の耐水性向上の観点から、界面活性剤を使用しないソープフリー法で合成することが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明のアルカリ可溶性樹脂はアルカリを添加することで、水分散状態から水溶性状態へ変換される。ここで用いるアルカリとしては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどの無機の水溶性アルカリ、炭酸水素ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウムなど水に溶解してアルカリ性を示す無機塩類、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどの有機アミン、アンモニア等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、エマルション塗膜にした場合に不純物が少ないなどの理由によりアンモニアを用いることが好ましい。
【0017】
上記の如く得られたアルカリ添加によって得られたリビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物を含む水溶性樹脂は続く水性エマルション合成の際の分散安定剤あるいは保護コロイド剤として機能する。該水溶性樹脂の量としては0.5〜60重量%、好ましくは2〜15重量%である。該水性エマルション組成物にはスチレン及び/または(メタ)アクリル系、天然あるいは合成ゴム系、シリコーン系、塩化ビニル、酢酸ビニル、あるいは酢酸ビニル、酢酸ビニルとエチレンの共重合体(EVA)等を主成分としたものなどがあるが、本発明の水性エマルション組成物の主成分にはこれらの組成については特に制限がなく、これらは単独で、また、必要に応じて2種類以上混合して用いることができるが、モノマー成分を選択することによって性能を容易に調節できること、耐候性、耐溶剤性が良いこと等の理由によりスチレン及び/または(メタ)アクリル酸エステルを主成分とする水性エマルションがより好ましい。具体的な(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル単量体及びこれと共重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体はアルカリ可溶性樹脂の組成説明に記載した通りである。
【0018】
本発明では、アルカリ可溶性樹脂およびそれを使用した水性エマルション重合は全てラジカル重合にて合成する。ラジカル発生源に特に制限はないが、ラジカル開始剤を用いる場合には、その例としては過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム等の過硫酸塩、過酸化水素、過酸化ベンゾイル、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド等の過酸化物、2,2‘−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、4,4’−アゾビス(4―シアノペンタン酸)、2,2’−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)塩酸塩等のアゾビス化合物等が挙げられるが、水性エマルション製造時には特に水溶性のラジカル開始剤が好ましい。また、重合速度を速めたり、低温重合が好ましい場合には、アスコルビン酸や塩化第一鉄などの還元剤をラジカル重合開始剤と組み合わせて用いることもできる。また、ラジカル発生源として、熱や光を用いてもよい。
【0019】
本発明の水性エマルション組成物はそのまま単独で用いても良いが、用途に応じて、酸化防止剤、粘度調整剤、顔料、染料、架橋剤など任意の配合物や添加物を添加して用いても良い。
【0020】
本発明の水性エマルション組成物は粘着剤、接着剤、塗料、紙加工剤、フィルムコート剤、研磨剤等の各種用途に好適に使用できる。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
固形分:重合体エマルションを1g程度採取し、150℃で20分間乾燥した後の蒸発残分を重量%で表した。
ポリマー分子量:ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いた標準ポリスチレン法により算出した。GPCカラムはshodex GPC KF−804F(昭和電工株式会社製)、溶媒はテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を使用した。
【0022】
[製造例1](アルカリ可溶性樹脂)
攪拌機、還流冷却器及び温度計を備えたセパラブルフラスコに脱イオン水250g、リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物として付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤(RAFT剤)である[1−(O−エチルザンチル)エチル]ベンゼン([1−(O−ethylxanthyl)−ethyl]benzene)1.04gとエチルアクリレート1.69gを仕込み、液中の溶存酸素を除去するため、1時間30分窒素バブリングを実施した。バブリング終了後、攪拌機にて攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。内温が70℃に達したところで、水溶性ラジカル開始剤として10%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を5g添加した。20分後、エチルアクリレート32.06gとメタクリル酸11.25gの混合液を3時間で滴下し終えるように滴下した。滴下開始時を重合時間0分とする。滴下終了後、4時間70℃で熟成し、重合を完了した。
得られた水分散体の固形分は15.2%であった。
表1には重合中のポリマー分子量推移を示す。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 2005015697
【0024】
製造例2、3(アルカリ可溶性樹脂)
以下の成分において製造例1の手順に従った。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 2005015697
【0026】
[実施例1](水性エマルション)
攪拌機、還流冷却器及び温度計を備えたセパラブルフラスコに脱イオン水230gと製造例1で得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂14.8gを仕込み、全体が均一になるまで攪拌した。攪拌下、25%アンモニア水0.65g添加し、無色透明の水溶性樹脂水溶液を得た。系内の溶存酸素を除去するために、1時間30分窒素バブリングした。バブリング終了後、攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。内温が70℃に達したところで、水溶性ラジカル開始剤として、4,4’−アゾビス(4―シアノペンタン酸)10%水溶液0.63gを添加した。15分後、ブチルアクリレート45gを3時間で滴下し終わるように添加した。滴下開始時を重合時間0分とした。滴下終了後、3時間70℃で熟成し、重合を完了した。
得られれた水性エマルションの固形分は16.3%であった。
表3に重合中の分子量推移を示す。
【0027】
【表3】
Figure 2005015697
【0028】
[実施例2〜5] (水性エマルション)
以下の成分において実施例1の手順に従った。
【0029】
【表4】
Figure 2005015697
【0030】
[実施例6、7] (水性エマルション)
以下の成分において実施例1の手順に従った。
【0031】
【表5】
Figure 2005015697
【0032】
[製造例4](アルカリ可溶性樹脂)
攪拌機、還流冷却器及び温度計を備えたセパラブルフラスコに脱イオン水250gを仕込み、液中の溶存酸素を除去するため、1時間30分窒素バブリングを実施した。バブリング終了後、攪拌機にて攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。内温が70℃に達したところで、水溶性ラジカル開始剤として10%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を5g添加した。20分後、エチルアクリレート33.75gとメタクリル酸11.25gの混合液を3時間で滴下しおわるように滴下した。滴下開始時を重合時間0分とする。滴下終了後、4時間70℃で熟成し、重合を完了した。
【0033】
得られた水分散体の固形分は14.3%であった。得られた樹脂の乾燥物はTHFに不溶であり、GPCによる分子量は測定できなかった。
【0034】
[比較例1](水性エマルション)
攪拌機、還流冷却器及び温度計を備えたセパラブルフラスコに脱イオン水230gと製造例4で得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂15.7gを仕込み、全体が均一になるまで攪拌した。攪拌下、25%アンモニア水0.65g添加し、無色透明の水溶性樹脂水溶液を得た。系内の溶存酸素を除去するために、1時間30分窒素バブリングした。バブリング終了後、攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。内温が70℃に達したところで、水溶性ラジカル開始剤として、4,4’−アゾビス(4―シアノペンタン酸)10%水溶液0.63gを添加した。15分後、ブチルアクリレート45gを3時間で滴下し終わるように添加した。滴下開始時を重合時間0分とした。滴下終了後、3時間70℃で熟成した。得られれた水性エマルションは凝集物が多量に発生し、正確な固形分を得ることができなった。
【0035】
[比較例2] (水性エマルション)
比較例1でブチルアクリレート45gを、ブチルアクリレート36g、アクリロニトリル9gの混合液に替えた以外は全て比較例2と同様の手順で合成した。得られた水性エマルションは凝集物が多量に発生し、正確な固形分を得ることができなかった。
【0036】
【表6】
Figure 2005015697
【0037】
* エマルション安定性は重合終了時の凝集物の様子を目視にて判定した。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、リビングラジカル重合技術を利用し、分子構造が制御された自己安定型水性エマルション組成物を、有機溶剤を使用することなく製造することが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition that does not use an organic solvent, and more specifically, a resin obtained by a living radical polymerization method and soluble in alkali and water (hereinafter referred to as an alkali-soluble resin). The present invention relates to a method for producing a self-stable aqueous emulsion composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Aqueous emulsion compositions using water as a medium have a problem in that the water resistance of the coating film obtained by drying the emulsion composition may be poor compared to a resin composition using an organic solvent. It has advantages such as less contamination, less fire occurrence, and low viscosity and high solids differentiation.
[0003]
In recent years, vigorous studies have been made to compensate for the disadvantages of the aqueous emulsion composition. As an attempt to solve the problems related to water resistance, for example, a surfactant that is one factor of poor water resistance is used. For example, a method for synthesizing an aqueous emulsion that is not used may be used. In this case, since a surfactant that is originally used for the purpose of imparting dispersion stability is not used, a synthesis technique of an aqueous emulsion that does not contain a surfactant exhibiting good dispersion stability is desired.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-279112 discloses a method of synthesizing an aqueous emulsion containing no surfactant by synthesizing a stabilized copolymer dispersed in water in an organic solvent and using this as a dispersion stabilizer. Has been. Although the method according to the publication is capable of synthesizing an aqueous emulsion exhibiting sufficient dispersion stability despite the fact that it does not contain a surfactant, a hydrophilic part such as methacrylic acid and a hydrophobic part such as methyl methacrylate. Organic solvents are used in the production of the stabilization copolymer consisting of these, and in the subsequent emulsion polymerization, these organic solvents are contained, or a desolvation step is required, and there is a concern about the impact on the environment. There are cases where the manufacturing process involves problems such as being complicated in multiple stages.
[0005]
On the other hand, Christopher J. et al. Ferguson et al. Macromolecules (2002) 35 (25), 9243-9245 reports on aqueous emulsions that do not use surfactants utilizing living radical polymerization techniques. In other words, in this report, acrylic acid is polymerized in the presence of an addition-cleavage chain transfer (RAFT) agent, which is a living radical polymerizable compound, using water as a medium, and is composed of several acrylic acid molecules and a RAFT agent. By synthesizing an oligomer and acting as a dispersion stabilizer, an aqueous emulsion that does not contain a surfactant composed of an acrylic acid-butyl acrylate block copolymer is synthesized. However, in this case, the addition-cleavage chain transfer (RAFT) agent needs to exhibit amphipathic properties, and the monomer that can be used as a constituent component of the oligomer serving as the dispersion stabilizer is limited to only those that exhibit water solubility such as acrylic acid. In addition, there is a drawback that the width of molecular design such as adjustment of glass point transfer becomes narrow.
[0006]
JP-A-2002-129093 uses 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene as an addition-cleavage chain transfer (RAFT) agent, and the chain transfer agent in an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. A method for producing an aqueous emulsion using a macromonomer obtained by polymerizing a monomer component comprising 50 mol% or more of a carboxyl group-containing monomer in the presence and a nonionic emulsifier as a stabilizer is disclosed. However, the technology of this publication includes a nonionic surfactant during the production of the aqueous emulsion, and the macromonomer is produced in an organic solvent, and the problems are as described above. The latter two examples utilize living radical polymerization technology. Living radical polymerization technology is attracting attention as a very effective polymerization technology because it can control the molecular structure of block copolymers and the like. Until now, as a living radical polymerization method, a polymerization method based on an exchange chain transfer mechanism using an addition-cleavage type chain transfer agent or the like (for example, WO 98/58974, WO 98/01478), 2, 2, 6, 6 -Polymerization methods based on the principle of dissociation-bonding mechanism using nitrogen oxides typified by tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO) (for example, D. Benoit et al. J. Am. Chem) Soc. (1999) 121, 3904-3920), an atom transfer radical polymerization method based on the principle of an atom transfer mechanism (for example, WO96 / 30421) and the like have been proposed. By applying these living radical polymerization techniques, it is possible not only to synthesize a self-stable aqueous emulsion as in the above example, but also to modify the surface of the emulsion particles. When using this technique, as shown in the above example, a hydrophilic macromonomer is synthesized in the first stage, and this is used as a dispersion stabilizer to polymerize the hydrophobic monomer in the second stage. However, a method of synthesizing a self-stable aqueous emulsion may be used.
[0007]
However, so far, in order to synthesize a self-stable aqueous emulsion in such a step, a compound having living radical polymerization must be amphipathic for the synthesis of a hydrophilic macromonomer. Or, when it does not show amphiphilic properties, there is a problem that an organic solvent is required for the synthesis of the macromonomer.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-279112 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-129093 A [Patent Document 3]
WO98 / 58974
[Patent Document 4]
WO98 / 01478
[Patent Document 5]
WO96 / 30421
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Christopher J. et al. Ferguson et al. Macromolecules (2002) 35
(25), 9243-9245
[Non-Patent Document 2]
D. Benoit et al. J. et al. Am. Chem. Soc. (1999) 121, 3904-3920
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In light of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to produce a self-stable aqueous emulsion composition having a wide molecular design range with a controlled molecular structure, without using an organic solvent, using living radical polymerization technology. It is in.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have synthesized an aqueous dispersion of a resin that is alkali-soluble in the presence of a compound having a living radical polymerization property, and added an alkali to this. It has been found that by emulsion polymerization in the presence of the water-soluble resin obtained by the above, the molecular structure is controlled, the molecular design range is wide, and a self-stable aqueous emulsion composition that does not use an organic solvent can be produced. The present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention
(1) 5 to 60% by weight of a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and 95 to 40 ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of a compound having a living radical polymerizability A resin obtained by polymerizing with a weight percent, and an alkali is added to an aqueous dispersion of a resin exhibiting alkali solubility to dissolve the resin, and ethylenically unsaturated in the presence of the resulting water-soluble resin. A method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition comprising polymerizing a compound.
(2) The method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition according to (1), wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is styrene and / or (meth) acrylic acid ester.
(3) The method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition according to (1) or (2), wherein the compound having living radical polymerizability is an addition-cleavage type chain transfer agent.
It is.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
As a typical living radical polymerization, a polymerization method based on an exchange chain transfer mechanism using an addition-cleavage type chain transfer agent or the like, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl There are a polymerization method based on the principle of dissociation-bonding mechanism using nitrogen oxides typified by oxy radical (TEMPO) and an atom transfer radical polymerization method based on the principle of atom transfer mechanism. The compound having a living radical polymerization property used in the present invention is not particularly limited and does not necessarily need to be amphiphilic, but for an aqueous emulsion in which an ionic monomer is often used as in the present invention, A living radical polymerization method using an addition-cleavage type chain transfer agent based on an exchange chain transfer mechanism characterized by a wide selection range of monomers is most preferred at this stage. So far, it is known that dithioester compounds and 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene can be used as an addition-cleavage chain transfer agent (RAFT agent). As dithioester compounds, it has been reported that xanthate RAFT agents, dithioacetate RAFT agents, dithiobenzoate RAFT agents and the like have living radical properties. In the present invention, any of these addition-cleavage chain transfer agents may be used, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0014]
The alkali-soluble resin of the present invention is characterized by containing a compound having living radical polymerizability and a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The alkali-soluble resin is a resin that is in a water-dispersed state before addition of an alkali and becomes water-soluble by adding an alkali. The carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer contained in the alkali-soluble resin of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a carboxyl group is contained in the monomer molecule. For example, (meth) acrylic acid, Maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid and the like can be mentioned. If these carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers are 5 parts by weight or less, the solubility in water due to the addition of alkali is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 60 parts by weight, the stability of the aqueous dispersion that becomes an alkali-soluble resin is deteriorated. . The ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer. For example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (Meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meta ) Acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic acid esters such as benzyl (meth) acrylate. Also, nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as N-methylolacrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile, etc. Can also be used. Moreover, as a functional group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a hydroxy group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as 2-hydroxylethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl ( Glycidyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as (meth) acrylate, methyl glycidyl acrylate and allyl glycidyl acrylate, acetoacetyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acetoacetyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methacryloxyethyl Examples also include phosphoric acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acid phosphate, and sulfonate-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as styrene sulfonate. In addition, an adduct of polyethylene glycol and methacrylic acid (Blemma-PE series: trade name, manufactured by NOF Corporation), an adduct of polypropylene glycol and methacrylic acid (Blemma-PP series: trade name, manufactured by NOF Corporation), styrene, α -Methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, ethylene, butadiene, vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, and the like. These unsaturated monomers that can be copolymerized with these carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It can be used by mixing.
[0015]
The alkali-soluble resin of the present invention is synthesized by emulsion polymerization that is generally performed except that it contains a compound that exhibits living radical polymerization at the time of polymerization. From the viewpoint of improving the water resistance of the aqueous emulsion composition obtained by the present invention. It is preferable to synthesize by a soap-free method without using a surfactant.
[0016]
The alkali-soluble resin of the present invention is converted from a water-dispersed state to a water-soluble state by adding an alkali. Examples of the alkali used here include inorganic water-soluble alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, inorganic salts that exhibit alkalinity when dissolved in water such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium pyrophosphate, and organic amines such as triethylamine and triethanolamine. , Ammonia and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use ammonia for reasons such as few impurities when an emulsion coating film is formed.
[0017]
The water-soluble resin containing the compound having a living radical polymerization obtained by the alkali addition obtained as described above functions as a dispersion stabilizer or protective colloid agent in the subsequent aqueous emulsion synthesis. The amount of the water-soluble resin is 0.5 to 60% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight. The aqueous emulsion composition is mainly composed of styrene and / or (meth) acrylic, natural or synthetic rubber, silicone, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate, a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene (EVA), or the like. The main component of the aqueous emulsion composition of the present invention is not particularly limited with respect to the composition thereof, and these may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more as necessary. However, an aqueous emulsion containing styrene and / or (meth) acrylic acid ester as the main component is more suitable for reasons such as the ability to easily adjust the performance by selecting the monomer component, good weather resistance, and solvent resistance. preferable. Specific (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester monomers and ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith are as described in the description of the composition of the alkali-soluble resin.
[0018]
In the present invention, the alkali-soluble resin and the aqueous emulsion polymerization using the resin are all synthesized by radical polymerization. There are no particular restrictions on the radical generation source, but when a radical initiator is used, examples thereof include persulfates such as potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and t-butyl. Hydroperoxide, peroxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid), 2,2′-azobis (2-amidino) An azobis compound such as propane) hydrochloride may be mentioned, and a water-soluble radical initiator is particularly preferable when producing an aqueous emulsion. When the polymerization rate is increased or low temperature polymerization is preferred, a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or ferrous chloride can be used in combination with the radical polymerization initiator. Further, heat or light may be used as a radical generation source.
[0019]
The aqueous emulsion composition of the present invention may be used alone as it is, but depending on the application, it may be used by adding any compound or additive such as an antioxidant, a viscosity modifier, a pigment, a dye, or a crosslinking agent. Also good.
[0020]
The aqueous emulsion composition of the present invention can be suitably used for various applications such as pressure-sensitive adhesives, adhesives, paints, paper processing agents, film coating agents, and abrasives.
[0021]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
Solid content: About 1 g of the polymer emulsion was sampled, and the evaporation residue after drying at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes was expressed in wt%.
Polymer molecular weight: It was calculated by a standard polystyrene method using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Shodex GPC KF-804F (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) was used as the GPC column, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as the solvent.
[0022]
[Production Example 1] (Alkali-soluble resin)
A separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a thermometer, 250 g of deionized water, and an addition-cleavage chain transfer agent (RAFT agent) as a compound having a living radical polymerization property [1- (O-ethylzantyl) 1.04 g of ethyl] benzene ([1- (O-ethylxanthyl) -ethyl] benzene) and 1.69 g of ethyl acrylate were charged, and nitrogen bubbling was performed for 1 hour and 30 minutes in order to remove dissolved oxygen in the liquid. After bubbling, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring with a stirrer. When the internal temperature reached 70 ° C., 5 g of 10% sodium persulfate aqueous solution was added as a water-soluble radical initiator. After 20 minutes, a mixed solution of 32.06 g of ethyl acrylate and 11.25 g of methacrylic acid was added dropwise so that the addition was completed in 3 hours. The polymerization start time is 0 minute. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was aged at 70 ° C. for 4 hours to complete the polymerization.
The solid content of the obtained water dispersion was 15.2%.
Table 1 shows changes in polymer molecular weight during polymerization.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005015697
[0024]
Production Examples 2 and 3 (alkali-soluble resin)
The procedure of Preparation Example 1 was followed for the following components.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 2005015697
[0026]
[Example 1] (Aqueous emulsion)
A separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a thermometer was charged with 230 g of deionized water and 14.8 g of the alkali-soluble resin obtained in Production Example 1, and stirred until the whole became uniform. Under stirring, 0.65 g of 25% aqueous ammonia was added to obtain a colorless and transparent water-soluble resin aqueous solution. In order to remove dissolved oxygen in the system, nitrogen was bubbled for 1 hour and 30 minutes. After completion of bubbling, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring. When the internal temperature reached 70 ° C., 0.63 g of 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) 10% aqueous solution was added as a water-soluble radical initiator. After 15 minutes, 45 g of butyl acrylate was added so as to finish dripping in 3 hours. The polymerization start time was set at 0 minutes when the dropping was started. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was aged at 70 ° C. for 3 hours to complete the polymerization.
The solid content of the obtained aqueous emulsion was 16.3%.
Table 3 shows the transition of molecular weight during polymerization.
[0027]
[Table 3]
Figure 2005015697
[0028]
[Examples 2 to 5] (Aqueous emulsion)
The procedure of Example 1 was followed for the following ingredients:
[0029]
[Table 4]
Figure 2005015697
[0030]
[Examples 6 and 7] (Aqueous emulsion)
The procedure of Example 1 was followed for the following ingredients:
[0031]
[Table 5]
Figure 2005015697
[0032]
[Production Example 4] (Alkali-soluble resin)
A separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer was charged with 250 g of deionized water, and nitrogen bubbling was performed for 1 hour and 30 minutes to remove dissolved oxygen in the liquid. After bubbling, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring with a stirrer. When the internal temperature reached 70 ° C., 5 g of 10% sodium persulfate aqueous solution was added as a water-soluble radical initiator. Twenty minutes later, a mixed solution of 33.75 g of ethyl acrylate and 11.25 g of methacrylic acid was added dropwise so as to be added dropwise in 3 hours. The polymerization start time is 0 minute. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was aged at 70 ° C. for 4 hours to complete the polymerization.
[0033]
The solid content of the obtained water dispersion was 14.3%. The obtained dried resin was insoluble in THF, and the molecular weight by GPC could not be measured.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 1] (Aqueous emulsion)
A separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a thermometer was charged with 230 g of deionized water and 15.7 g of the alkali-soluble resin obtained in Production Example 4, and stirred until the whole became uniform. Under stirring, 0.65 g of 25% aqueous ammonia was added to obtain a colorless and transparent water-soluble resin aqueous solution. In order to remove dissolved oxygen in the system, nitrogen was bubbled for 1 hour and 30 minutes. After completion of bubbling, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring. When the internal temperature reached 70 ° C., 0.63 g of 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) 10% aqueous solution was added as a water-soluble radical initiator. After 15 minutes, 45 g of butyl acrylate was added so as to finish dripping in 3 hours. The polymerization start time was set at 0 minutes when the dropping was started. After completion of dropping, the mixture was aged at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. In the obtained aqueous emulsion, a large amount of aggregates was generated, and an accurate solid content could not be obtained.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 2] (Aqueous emulsion)
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was used except that 45 g of butyl acrylate was replaced with a mixed solution of 36 g of butyl acrylate and 9 g of acrylonitrile in Comparative Example 1. The obtained aqueous emulsion produced a large amount of aggregates, and an accurate solid content could not be obtained.
[0036]
[Table 6]
Figure 2005015697
[0037]
* Emulsion stability was determined by visual observation of the state of aggregates at the end of polymerization.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a self-stable aqueous emulsion composition having a controlled molecular structure using a living radical polymerization technique without using an organic solvent.

Claims (3)

リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物の存在下、水性媒体中でカルボキシル基含有エチレン性不飽和単量体5〜60重量%とこれと共重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体95〜40重量%とを重合させて得られる樹脂であって、かつ、アルカリ可溶性を示す樹脂の水性分散液にアルカリを加えて該樹脂を溶解させ、得られた水溶性樹脂の存在下にエチレン性不飽和化合物を重合させることを特徴とする水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。5 to 60% by weight of a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and 95 to 40% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of a compound having a living radical polymerization property In addition, an alkali is added to an aqueous dispersion of an alkali-soluble resin to dissolve the resin, and the ethylenically unsaturated compound is polymerized in the presence of the obtained water-soluble resin. A method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition characterized by comprising: エチレン性不飽和単量体が、スチレン及び/または(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。The method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition according to claim 1, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is styrene and / or (meth) acrylic acid ester. リビングラジカル重合性を有する化合物が、付加−解裂型連鎖移動剤であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の水性エマルション組成物の製造方法。The method for producing an aqueous emulsion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound having a living radical polymerization property is an addition-cleavage type chain transfer agent.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008516017A (en) * 2004-10-04 2008-05-15 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ シドニー Surface polymerization process and polymer product using RAFT agent
JP2008531762A (en) * 2005-02-11 2008-08-14 キャボット コーポレイション Ink jet ink comprising a modified pigment having attached polymer groups
JP2012530282A (en) * 2009-06-16 2012-11-29 ボーシュ アンド ローム インコーポレイティド Biomedical devices
JP2020083906A (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-06-04 花王株式会社 Production method of polymer emulsion

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008516017A (en) * 2004-10-04 2008-05-15 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ シドニー Surface polymerization process and polymer product using RAFT agent
JP2008531762A (en) * 2005-02-11 2008-08-14 キャボット コーポレイション Ink jet ink comprising a modified pigment having attached polymer groups
JP2012530282A (en) * 2009-06-16 2012-11-29 ボーシュ アンド ローム インコーポレイティド Biomedical devices
JP2020083906A (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-06-04 花王株式会社 Production method of polymer emulsion

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