JP2005009361A - Centrifugal fluid machine - Google Patents

Centrifugal fluid machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005009361A
JP2005009361A JP2003172638A JP2003172638A JP2005009361A JP 2005009361 A JP2005009361 A JP 2005009361A JP 2003172638 A JP2003172638 A JP 2003172638A JP 2003172638 A JP2003172638 A JP 2003172638A JP 2005009361 A JP2005009361 A JP 2005009361A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
impeller
blade
pressure surface
centrifugal
fluid machine
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JP2003172638A
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JP4464629B2 (en
Inventor
Kaneharu So
銀春 曹
Hideki Ichii
秀樹 一井
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Sanso Electric Co Ltd
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Sanso Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small size low specific speed centrifugal pump maintaining high efficiency and high cavitation property and reducing pressure pulsation and noise without increasing initial cost of a centrifugal pump which is the centrifugal fluid machine. <P>SOLUTION: This small size low specific speed centrifugal pump is composed of an impeller 1 sucking in fluid from an intake port 9 and delivery the same from an outlet port 10 and a volute chamber 2 connecting the fluid to a delivery pipe 13. The impeller 1 composed of a impeller main plate 4 including a plurality of blades 5 and a impeller side plate 6. Axial direction flow passage width 16 in a blade impeller pressure surface 7 side in a range from the blade pressure surfaces 7 to a blade negative pressure surface 8 and from an impeller inlet 14 to an impeller outlet 15 or between the impeller inlet 14 and the impeller outlet 15 over whole circumference of the impeller 1 is narrower than axial direction flow passage width 17 in the blade negative pressure surface 8 side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、遠心流体機械に有する遠心羽根車の構造に関し、特に遠心ポンプの遠心羽根車の構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、図1に示す遠心流体機械の遠心羽根車(以下、「羽根車」という。)1では、図2に示すように、羽根車の羽根圧力面7から羽根負圧面8までの羽根間12、あるいは羽根厚さを無視した場合での、羽根圧力面から羽根負圧面までの羽根間のZ×θ[θ=360°/Z、Z:羽根枚数]の範囲で、かつ、羽根車入口14から羽根車出口15に向かっての各羽根半径において、軸方向流路幅16が一定である。ところで、角速度ωで回転する羽根車1内を相対速度Wで流れる密度ρの流体には、単位体積当たり2ρωWのコリオリ力が他の力より大きく作用する。一方、小形低比速度の遠心流体機械に対しては、軸方向流路幅16が狭くなり、2ρωWのコリオリ力もさらに大きくなると考えられる。このため、図3の(b)に示すように、羽根車主板4の面または羽根車側板6の面の近くの境界層では、流体は羽根5間の羽根圧力面7から羽根負圧面8に向かって流れて、羽根負圧面8付近、特に羽根車側板6の面と羽根負圧面8の角の付近に低エネルギー流体20が集積し、この低エネルギー流体20である二次流れが流路通路の大部分を占め、羽根負圧面8付近における主流19である非低エネルギー流体の有効流路幅が著しく狭くなる。このため、羽根5間で圧力が一様でなくなり、図1において、羽根車出口15の流れと渦巻室2の舌部3などとのポテンシャル干渉と粘性後流干渉によって、吐出口10における圧力は、(回転数n)×(羽根枚数z)の基本成分を持つ周期変動ΔP(圧力脈動)を繰り返す。
【0003】
遠心流体機械の低振動化と低騒音化のため、従来、図1に示す、渦巻室2の舌部3と羽根車外径11との隙間18を拡大したり、渦巻室2の舌部3の形状を変えるなどの対策が行われてきた。このようにすることで、遠心流体機械の振動および騒音または圧力脈動はある程度低減することができる。しかし、羽根車1と渦巻室2との間における流体損失が多く生じる場合があり、遠心流体機械の性能が下がってしまう傾向もある。
【0004】
一方、遠心流体機械の羽根車1を遠心ポンプ(以下、「ポンプ」という。)の羽根車1とした場合では、ポンプのキャビテーション性能については、羽根車1の羽根枚数を減らしたり、羽根車入口14における流速を遅くしたり、羽根5の形状を最適化すること等によって、ポンプのキャビテーション性能を向上できる。しかし、ポンプのキャビテーション性能とポンプの効率との間にトレードオフの関係があり、これらがポンプの高効率維持に悪影響をもたらす問題がある。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特願2002−119764(平成14年4月22日出願)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明では、遠心流体機械のイニシャルコストアップ無しに、遠心流体機械の高効率またはポンプとした場合の高キャビテーション性能を維持して、羽根車出口流れと渦巻室の舌部とのポテンシャル干渉と粘性後流干渉の低減を図ることによって、圧力脈動の低減化および騒音の低減化を実現できる遠心流体機械を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するための本発明の手段は、請求項1の発明では、モータにより駆動されることにより、流体を吸込口9に吸込み、渦巻室2内の羽根車1から遠心力により羽根車1の周辺の渦巻室2の周辺部へ吐出し、吐出された流体を渦巻室2の周辺部から集めて吐出口10へ一括して吐出するた吐出管13からなる遠心流体機械であり、この遠心流体機械では羽根車1は最も重要な要素であって、複数枚の羽根5とそれらが結合されている羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6からなり、羽根車1の隣り合う2枚の羽根5並びに羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6で形成される羽根間流路12は、羽根車入口14から羽根車出口15に向かう間に、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16を羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17と相違するものとした遠心流体機械である。この場合、羽根圧力面7から羽根負圧面8までの羽根5間で、かつ、羽根車入口14から羽根車出口15に向かう間に、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16と羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が相違してゆくものも上記の遠心流体機械に含まれている。
【0008】
このようにすることによって、遠心流体機械の運転時に、羽根車1の、羽根間流路12における流れまたは遠心力とコリオリ力などにより生じた低エネルギー流体20の二次流れと羽根車出口15の流れ分布をコントロールすることを可能とする。
【0009】
請求項2の発明では、隣り合う2枚の羽根5並びに羽根車主板5と羽根車側板6で形成される羽根間流路12は、羽根車入口14から羽根車出口15に向かう間に、羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に比べて拡大していることを特徴とする、または拡大してゆくことを特徴とする遠心流体機械である。
【0010】
このようにすることで羽根負圧面8付近における主流の有効流路幅が増やされ、羽根車出口15における流れの周方向分布がある程度均一化されることが考えられ、羽根車出口15の流れと渦巻室2の舌部3との干渉を低減することで、遠心流体機械の圧力脈動や騒音を低減できる。
【0011】
一方、羽根車入口14においても、羽根負圧面8側の羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6の間である軸方向流路幅17は羽根圧力面7側の羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6の間である軸方向流路幅16に比べて拡大されており、あるいは、拡大されてゆくものである。このようにすることで、遠心流体機械の羽根車1、例えば遠心ポンプの羽根車1としたときのポンプの高キャビテーション性能を維持することができる。
【0012】
請求項3の発明では、羽根車1は外径が200mm以下でかつ比速度Ns=nQ1/2/H3/4が200以下の小形低比速度であることを特徴とする請求項1または2の手段の遠心流体機械である。
【0013】
請求項4の発明では、羽根車1はその最大外径における対面する2枚の羽根5、5間において、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に対する羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が1より大でかつ4以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項の手段の遠心流体機械である。
【0014】
ところで、一般的に遠心流体機械の性能の面から考慮して、羽根車入口14における軸方向流路幅は羽根車出口15における軸方向流路幅と同じとするか又はそれより大きくすることを基本とする。その上で、羽根車入口14側における羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に対する羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17の比率を異なるものとする場合もある。一方、圧力脈動の低減のみを重視する場合では、羽根車入口14側において、従来の様に羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に対する羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17を同一とすることもある。
【0015】
ここで、本発明の作用について説明する。先ず、従来の遠心流体機械の低振動化や低騒音化に当たっては、渦巻室2の舌部3と羽根車外径11との隙間18を広げたり、渦巻室2の舌部3の形状を変えることなどによって、遠心流体機械の振動および騒音をある程度まで低減できた。しかし、これらは、羽根車1と渦巻室2との間における流体損失が多く生じる場合があり、遠心流体機械の性能が下がってしまう傾向があり、また遠心流体機械のサイズアップを図らなければならない傾向もある。一方、遠心流体機械として遠心ポンプとした場合のポンプのキャビテーション性能については、羽根車1の羽根5の枚数を減らしたり、羽根車入口14における流速を遅くさせたり、羽根車入口14の形状と羽根5のの枚数を減らしたり、羽根車入口14における流速を遅くさせたり、羽根5の形状を最適化することなどによって、キャビテーション性能が向上できる。しかし、ポンプのキャビテーション性能とポンプの効率との間にはトレードオフの関係があり、ポンプの高効率維持に悪影響をもたらす。これに対して、本発明の流体機械では、請求項1の手段における羽根車1を採用することによって遠心流体機械の高効率、かつ、遠心ポンプとした場合のポンプの高キャビテーション性能を維持することができ、圧力変動が大幅に低減される。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は羽根車と渦巻室の断面図である。図2は従来の遠心流体機械の羽根車の構造をその内径側(a)と外径側(b)で切断した端面を模式的に直線化して示して説明する断面図と、羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図3は、従来の羽根車出口における流体の流れ構造および圧力脈動の説明図て、(a)は圧力脈動の模式図で、(b)は羽根車内の流れ構造の模式図である。羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図4は本発明の遠心流体機械の一実施の形態の羽根車の構造をその内径側(a)と外径側(b)で切断した端面を模式的に直線化して示して説明する断面図と、羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図5は本発明の遠心流体機械の他の一実施の形態の羽根車の構造をその内径側(a)と外径側(b)で切断した端面を模式的に直線化して示して説明する断面図と、羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図6は本発明の遠心流体機械のさらに他の一実施の形態の羽根車の構造をその内径側(a)と外径側(b)で切断した端面を模式的に直線化して示して説明する断面図と、羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図7は本発明の遠心流体機械のさらに他の一実施の形態の羽根車の構造をその内径側(a)と外径側(b)で切断した端面を模式的に直線化して示して説明する断面図と、羽根車の半径分を示す模式図である。図8は従来の羽根車の遠心ポンプと本発明の羽根車の遠心ポンプの性能比較図である。図9は従来の羽根車の遠心ポンプと本発明の羽根車のNPSH3(3%揚程低下)の測定比較図である。図10は従来の羽根車の圧力脈動波形を示す図である。図11は本発明の羽根車の圧力脈動波形を示す図である。
【0017】
本発明の一実施の形態における遠心流体機械は遠心ポンプである。図1に示すように、この遠心ポンプは、渦巻室2内に、モータの駆動により汲み上げる液体を、遠心ポンプの吸込口9に吸込み、遠心ポンプの吐出口10に吐出すための、羽根車1を有し、さらに羽根車1より吐出され液体を集める渦巻室2を有する。この羽根車1は本発明の遠心流体機械において最も重要な要素であって、複数枚の羽根5と羽根5を垂直に結合して挟持している羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6から形成されている。羽根車1の隣り合う2枚の羽根5並びに羽根車主板4と羽根車側板6で形成される羽根間流路12は、図4に示すように、羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に比べて拡大された状態を保ちつつ、羽根車入口14から羽根車出口15まで形成されている。
【0018】
このようにすることで、羽根車1の羽根負圧面8付近の流れ有効流路を拡大して、羽根車出口15側における流れを含めた羽根間流路12の流れがある程度均一化され、羽根車出口15の流れと渦巻室2の舌部3との干渉を低減することで、遠心流体機械の圧力脈動や騒音を低減できる。一方、羽根車1の羽根車入口14においては、羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に比べ拡大され、あるいは拡大されてゆき、羽根車入口14側付近の羽根負圧面8における相対流速も減少されることによって、遠心ポンプの羽根車1としたポンプの高キャビテーション性能を維持できる。
きる。
【0019】
さらに、図5に示す実施の形態では、その(a)に示すように羽根車入口14側である羽根車1の内径側の部分では、軸方向流路幅12は羽根圧力面7側が羽根負圧面8側も共に同じ軸方向流路幅を有している。しかし、図5の(b)に示すように羽根車出口15側である羽根車1の外径側の部分では、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に比して羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が徐々に拡大されている。
【0020】
さらに、図6に示す実施の形態では、図5における実施の形態と同様に、その(a)に示すように、羽根車入口14側である羽根車1の内径側の部分では、軸方向流路幅12は羽根圧力面7側が羽根負圧面8側も共に同じ軸方向流路幅である。しかし、図6の(b)に示すように羽根車出口15側である羽根車1の外径側の部分では、羽根車主板4の板厚は一定のものであるが、羽根車側板6の板厚はその内面側のみにテーパーが形成されることで、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に比して羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が徐々に拡大されている。
【0021】
さらに、図7に示す実施の形態では、その(a)に示すように羽根車入口14側である羽根車1の内径側の部分では、軸方向流路幅12は羽根圧力面7側が羽根負圧面8側も共に同じ軸方向流路幅である。しかし、図7の(b)に示すように羽根車出口15側である羽根車1の外径側の部分では、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16が羽根負圧面8側への一定の長さの間は軸方向流路幅16が一定の狭い幅をしているが、その途中から羽根負圧面8側になるに連れて羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17が徐々に拡大されて行くものである。
【0022】
以上のようにことで、本発明の遠心流体機械の実施の形態である遠心ポンプでは、低圧力脈動や低騒音とすることができる。
【0023】
さらに、他の実施の形態では、羽根圧力面7側の軸方向流路幅16に対する羽根負圧面8側の軸方向流路幅17は、1より大で、かつ、4以下とする小形低比速度の遠心ポンプである。
【0024】
【実施例】
先ず、図4に示す本発明の実施例の遠心ポンプの仕様の諸寸法を例示すると、羽根車1の外径は62mm、羽根車入口14の羽根負圧面8の軸方向流路幅は5.8mm、羽根車入口14の羽根圧力面7の軸方向流路幅は3.8mm、羽根車出口15の羽根負圧面8の軸方向流路幅は4.5mm、羽根車出口15の羽根圧力面7の軸方向流路幅は2.5mmである。
【0025】
さらに、図5に示す本発明の実施例の遠心ポンプの仕様の諸寸法を例示すると、羽根車1の外径は62mm、羽根車入口14の軸方向流路幅は羽根負圧面8も羽根圧力面7も同じ幅で4.8mm、羽根車出口15の羽根負圧面8の軸方向流路幅は4.5mm、羽根車出口15の羽根圧力面7の軸方向流路幅は2.5mmである。
【0026】
なお、比較のために従来の軸方向流路幅が羽根負圧面側も羽根圧力面側も同一である遠心ポンプの諸寸法を示すと、羽根車1の外径は62mm、羽根車入口14の軸方向流路幅は4.8mm、羽根車出口15の軸方向流路幅は3.5mmである。上記において、渦巻室2を含めた遠心ポンプの他の諸寸法は全て同一であり、設計流量Qは30l/minとしている。
【0027】
図8に従来の羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプと本発明における上記の図4に示す実施例の羽根車1を装備した遠心ポンプの性能を比較して示す。ただし、本発明の図5に示す実施例の羽根車1を装備した遠心ポンプの性能が図4に示す実施例の羽根車1を装備した遠心ポンプの性能一致しているため、本発明における図4に示す羽根車1を装備した遠心ポンプの性能を従来の羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプと比較している。全流量域において、本発明における羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプ効率は、従来のポンプの効率と変わらないものの、全揚程Hが少々高く現れ、遠心羽根車の内部流れと出口流れがコントロールされていることが推測される。
【0028】
図9に、従来の羽根車を装備した小形低比速度遠心ポンプと本発明における上記の図4の実施例の羽根車1を装備した小形低比速度遠心ポンプの揚程3%低下を対比して示す。従来のポンプに比べ、揚水量Qが増加するに連れて本発明の遠心羽根車を有する遠心ポンプのキャビテーション性能が僅かに良くなっている傾向が見られる。
【0029】
図10に、従来の羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプの吐出口における圧力変動を示し、図11に本発明の図4に示す実施例の羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプの吐出口における圧力変動を、それぞれ(a)の流量Qを0とする場合、(b)の流量Qを1/2×設計流量Qの場合、(c)の流量Qを設計流量Qの場合として示した。これら2図の対比からわかるように、本発明の遠心羽根車を装備した遠心ポンプは、(a)の流量Qを0とする場合、(b)の流量Qを1/2×設計流量Qの場合、(c)の流量Qを設計流量Qの場合のいずれにおいても圧力変動は小さくなり、ポンプの圧力脈動が大幅に低減されていることがわかる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、従来の遠心流体機械と比べ、本発明は、軸方向流路幅を羽根圧力面側と羽根負圧面側で相違するものとし、特に羽根圧力面側の流路幅に比べ羽根負圧面側の流路幅が拡大する、または、徐々に拡大してゆくことで、遠心流体機械のイニシャルコストを格別にかけることなく、遠心流体機械の高効率化、さらに、遠心ポンプとした場合でのポンプ高キャビテーション性能を維持しながら、遠心流体機械すなわち遠心ポンプの圧力脈動を低減化し、さらに騒音の低減化を図ることができ、本発明は従来にない優れた効果を奏するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】羽根車と渦巻室の断面図である。
【図2】従来の羽根車の構造を模式的に説明する断面図である。
【図3】本発明の羽根車出口における流れ構造および圧力脈動の説明図である。
【図4】本発明の遠心流体機械の一実施の形態の羽根車の構造を模式的に説明する断面図である。
【図5】本発明の遠心流体機械の他の実施の形態の羽根車の構造を模式的に説明する断面図である。
【図6】本発明の遠心流体機械の他の実施の形態の羽根車の構造を模式的に説明する断面図である。
【図7】本発明の遠心流体機械のさらに他の実施の形態の羽根車の構造を模式的に説明する断面図である。
【図8】従来の羽根車の遠心ポンプと本発明の羽根車を有する遠心ポンプの性能比較図である。
【図9】従来の羽根車と本発明の羽根車のNPSH3(3%揚程低下)測定比較図である。
【図10】従来の羽根車出口における圧力脈動波形図である。
【図11】本発明の羽根車出口における圧力脈動波形図である。
【符号の説明】
1 羽根車
2 渦巻室
3 舌部
4 羽根車主板
5 羽根
6 羽根車側板
7 羽根圧力面
8 羽根負圧面
9 吸込口
10 吐出口
11 羽根車外径
12 羽根間流路
13 吐出管
14 羽根車入口
15 羽根車出口
16 流路幅
17 流路幅
18 隙間
19 主流
20 低エネルギー流体
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structure of a centrifugal impeller included in a centrifugal fluid machine, and more particularly to a structure of a centrifugal impeller of a centrifugal pump.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in the centrifugal impeller (hereinafter referred to as “impeller”) 1 of the centrifugal fluid machine shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the distance 12 between the blades from the blade pressure surface 7 to the blade negative pressure surface 8 of the impeller. Or, in the case of ignoring the blade thickness, it is in the range of Z × θ [θ = 360 ° / Z, Z: number of blades] between the blades from the blade pressure surface to the blade suction surface, and the impeller inlet 14 From each blade radius toward the impeller outlet 15, the axial flow path width 16 is constant. By the way, a Coriolis force of 2ρωW per unit volume acts on a fluid having a density ρ flowing at a relative speed W in the impeller 1 rotating at an angular velocity ω more than other forces. On the other hand, it is considered that the axial flow path width 16 is narrowed and the 2ρωW Coriolis force is further increased for a small low specific speed centrifugal fluid machine. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, in the boundary layer near the surface of the impeller main plate 4 or the surface of the impeller side plate 6, the fluid flows from the blade pressure surface 7 between the blades 5 to the blade negative pressure surface 8. The low energy fluid 20 is accumulated near the blade suction surface 8, particularly near the corners of the impeller side plate 6 and the blade suction surface 8, and the secondary flow as the low energy fluid 20 is a flow passage. The effective flow path width of the non-low energy fluid which is the main flow 19 in the vicinity of the blade suction surface 8 is remarkably narrowed. For this reason, the pressure is not uniform between the blades 5, and in FIG. 1, the pressure at the discharge port 10 is caused by the potential interference between the flow at the impeller outlet 15 and the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2 and the viscous wake interference. , (Cycle number n) × (blade number z), and cyclic fluctuation ΔP (pressure pulsation) having a basic component is repeated.
[0003]
In order to reduce the vibration and noise of the centrifugal fluid machine, the gap 18 between the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2 and the outer diameter 11 of the spiral chamber 2 shown in FIG. Measures such as changing the shape have been taken. By doing so, vibration and noise or pressure pulsation of the centrifugal fluid machine can be reduced to some extent. However, there may be a lot of fluid loss between the impeller 1 and the spiral chamber 2, and the performance of the centrifugal fluid machine tends to be reduced.
[0004]
On the other hand, when the impeller 1 of the centrifugal fluid machine is an impeller 1 of a centrifugal pump (hereinafter referred to as “pump”), the cavitation performance of the pump is reduced by reducing the number of impellers 1 or the impeller entrance. The cavitation performance of the pump can be improved by slowing the flow rate at 14 or optimizing the shape of the blades 5. However, there is a trade-off relationship between pump cavitation performance and pump efficiency, which has a problem of adversely affecting the high efficiency of the pump.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-119964 (filed on April 22, 2002)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, the high-efficiency of the centrifugal fluid machine or the high cavitation performance as a pump is maintained without increasing the initial cost of the centrifugal fluid machine, and the potential interference and viscosity between the impeller outlet flow and the tongue of the spiral chamber are maintained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a centrifugal fluid machine that can reduce pressure pulsation and noise by reducing wake interference.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, in the first aspect of the present invention, the fluid is sucked into the suction port 9 by being driven by the motor, and the impeller 1 in the spiral chamber 2 is subjected to the centrifugal force by the centrifugal force. A centrifugal fluid machine comprising a discharge pipe 13 that discharges to the periphery of the spiral chamber 2 around the vehicle 1, collects the discharged fluid from the periphery of the spiral chamber 2, and discharges the discharged fluid collectively to the discharge port 10; In this centrifugal fluid machine, the impeller 1 is the most important element, and is composed of a plurality of blades 5, an impeller main plate 4 and an impeller side plate 6 to which the impellers are coupled, and two adjacent blades of the impeller 1. The inter-blade flow path 12 formed by the blade 5 and the impeller main plate 4 and the impeller side plate 6 has an axial flow passage width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side while moving from the impeller inlet 14 to the impeller outlet 15. Centrifugal flow different from the axial flow path width 17 on the blade suction surface 8 side It is a machine. In this case, between the blades 5 from the blade pressure surface 7 to the blade negative pressure surface 8 and from the impeller inlet 14 to the impeller outlet 15, the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side and the blade negative The centrifugal fluid machine also includes one having a different axial flow path width 17 on the pressure surface 8 side.
[0008]
By doing so, during operation of the centrifugal fluid machine, the secondary flow of the low energy fluid 20 generated by the flow in the inter-blade channel 12 or the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force of the impeller 1 and the impeller outlet 15 It makes it possible to control the flow distribution.
[0009]
In the invention of claim 2, the inter-blade channel 12 formed by the two adjacent blades 5 and the impeller main plate 5 and the impeller side plate 6 is disposed between the impeller inlet 14 and the impeller outlet 15. Centrifugal fluid machine characterized in that the axial flow path width 17 on the suction surface 8 side is larger or larger than the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side It is.
[0010]
By doing so, the effective flow width of the main flow in the vicinity of the blade suction surface 8 is increased, and it is considered that the circumferential distribution of the flow at the impeller outlet 15 is made uniform to some extent. By reducing interference with the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2, pressure pulsation and noise of the centrifugal fluid machine can be reduced.
[0011]
On the other hand, also in the impeller inlet 14, the axial flow path width 17 between the impeller main plate 4 and the impeller side plate 6 on the impeller negative pressure surface 8 side is the impeller main plate 4 and impeller side plate 6 on the impeller pressure surface 7 side. It is expanded compared with the axial direction flow path width 16 which is between, or is expanded. By doing in this way, the high cavitation performance of a pump when it is set as the impeller 1 of a centrifugal fluid machine, for example, the impeller 1 of a centrifugal pump, can be maintained.
[0012]
In the invention of claim 3, the impeller 1 is a small low specific speed having an outer diameter of 200 mm or less and a specific speed Ns = nQ 1/2 / H 3/4 of 200 or less. 2 means a centrifugal fluid machine.
[0013]
In the invention of claim 4, the impeller 1 has an axial flow on the blade suction surface 8 side with respect to the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side between the two blades 5, 5 facing each other at the maximum outer diameter. The centrifugal fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the path width 17 is greater than 1 and 4 or less.
[0014]
By the way, in general, considering the performance of the centrifugal fluid machine, the axial flow path width at the impeller inlet 14 should be the same as or larger than the axial flow path width at the impeller outlet 15. Basic. In addition, the ratio of the axial flow path width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side to the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side on the impeller inlet 14 side may be different. On the other hand, when only the reduction of pressure pulsation is emphasized, the axial flow passage width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side is set to the axial flow passage width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side on the impeller inlet 14 side as in the prior art. It may be the same.
[0015]
Here, the operation of the present invention will be described. First, in order to reduce the vibration and noise of a conventional centrifugal fluid machine, the gap 18 between the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2 and the outer diameter 11 of the impeller is widened, or the shape of the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2 is changed. As a result, the vibration and noise of the centrifugal fluid machine could be reduced to some extent. However, in these cases, a large amount of fluid loss may occur between the impeller 1 and the spiral chamber 2, and the performance of the centrifugal fluid machine tends to be lowered, and the centrifugal fluid machine must be increased in size. There is also a trend. On the other hand, regarding the cavitation performance of the pump when the centrifugal fluid machine is a centrifugal pump, the number of blades 5 of the impeller 1 is reduced, the flow velocity at the impeller inlet 14 is decreased, the shape of the impeller inlet 14 and the impeller The cavitation performance can be improved by reducing the number of 5, reducing the flow velocity at the impeller inlet 14, or optimizing the shape of the blade 5. However, there is a trade-off relationship between pump cavitation performance and pump efficiency, which adversely affects maintaining high efficiency of the pump. On the other hand, in the fluid machine according to the present invention, the high efficiency of the centrifugal fluid machine and the high cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump can be maintained by adopting the impeller 1 in the means of claim 1. And pressure fluctuation is greatly reduced.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an impeller and a spiral chamber. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller of a conventional centrifugal fluid machine by cutting the inner end side (a) and outer end side (b) of the impeller, and the radius of the impeller. It is a schematic diagram which shows minutes. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of a conventional fluid flow structure and pressure pulsation at an impeller outlet, in which FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of pressure pulsation, and FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a flow structure in the impeller. It is a schematic diagram which shows the part for the radius of an impeller. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the end faces cut at the inner diameter side (a) and the outer diameter side (b) schematically shown as straight lines. It is a schematic diagram which shows the part for the radius of an impeller. FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the structure of an impeller according to another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention, with the end faces cut at the inner diameter side (a) and the outer diameter side (b) schematically shown as straight lines. It is a schematic diagram which shows sectional drawing and the part for the radius of an impeller. FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the structure of an impeller according to still another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention, with the end faces cut at the inner diameter side (a) and outer diameter side (b) schematically shown as straight lines. It is a schematic diagram which shows sectional drawing to perform, and the radius part of an impeller. FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the structure of an impeller according to still another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention, with the end faces cut at the inner diameter side (a) and outer diameter side (b) schematically shown as straight lines. It is a schematic diagram which shows sectional drawing to perform, and the radius part of an impeller. FIG. 8 is a performance comparison diagram of a conventional impeller centrifugal pump and an impeller centrifugal pump of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a measurement comparison diagram of NPSH3 (3% reduction in lift) of a conventional impeller centrifugal pump and the impeller of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a pressure pulsation waveform of a conventional impeller. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a pressure pulsation waveform of the impeller of the present invention.
[0017]
The centrifugal fluid machine in one embodiment of the present invention is a centrifugal pump. As shown in FIG. 1, this centrifugal pump has an impeller 1 for sucking a liquid pumped up into a spiral chamber 2 by driving a motor into a suction port 9 of the centrifugal pump and discharging it to a discharge port 10 of the centrifugal pump. And a spiral chamber 2 that collects liquid discharged from the impeller 1. The impeller 1 is the most important element in the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention, and is formed of an impeller main plate 4 and an impeller side plate 6 which vertically sandwich and hold a plurality of blades 5 and the blades 5. ing. As shown in FIG. 4, the inter-blade flow path 12 formed by the two adjacent blades 5 of the impeller 1 and the impeller main plate 4 and the impeller side plate 6 has an axial flow passage width on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side. 17 is formed from the impeller inlet 14 to the impeller outlet 15 while maintaining an enlarged state as compared with the axial flow path width 16 on the impeller pressure surface 7 side.
[0018]
By doing in this way, the flow effective flow path near the blade negative pressure surface 8 of the impeller 1 is expanded, and the flow of the flow path 12 between the blades including the flow on the impeller outlet 15 side is made uniform to some extent. By reducing the interference between the flow of the vehicle outlet 15 and the tongue 3 of the spiral chamber 2, pressure pulsation and noise of the centrifugal fluid machine can be reduced. On the other hand, at the impeller inlet 14 of the impeller 1, the axial flow path width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side is expanded or enlarged compared to the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side. By reducing the relative flow velocity at the blade suction surface 8 near the vehicle inlet 14 side, the high cavitation performance of the pump that is the impeller 1 of the centrifugal pump can be maintained.
wear.
[0019]
Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, in the inner diameter side portion of the impeller 1 on the impeller inlet 14 side as shown in FIG. Both pressure sides 8 also have the same axial flow path width. However, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), at the outer diameter side portion of the impeller 1 on the impeller outlet 15 side, the blade negative pressure surface 8 is compared with the axial flow path width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side. The axial flow path width 17 on the side is gradually enlarged.
[0020]
Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, as in the embodiment in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 5A, in the portion on the inner diameter side of the impeller 1 that is on the impeller inlet 14 side, The passage width 12 has the same axial flow path width on both the blade pressure surface 7 side and the blade negative pressure surface 8 side. However, as shown in FIG. 6B, the impeller main plate 4 has a constant thickness at the outer diameter side portion of the impeller 1 on the impeller exit 15 side, but the impeller side plate 6 has a constant thickness. The plate thickness is tapered only on the inner surface side, so that the axial flow passage width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side is gradually enlarged compared to the axial flow passage width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side. Yes.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, in the portion on the inner diameter side of the impeller 1 on the impeller inlet 14 side as shown in FIG. Both pressure sides 8 also have the same axial flow path width. However, as shown in FIG. 7B, in the outer diameter side portion of the impeller 1 on the impeller outlet 15 side, the axial flow path width 16 on the impeller pressure surface 7 side is directed to the impeller negative pressure surface 8 side. The axial flow path width 16 has a constant narrow width for a certain length, but the axial flow path width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side increases from the middle toward the blade negative pressure surface 8 side. It will gradually expand.
[0022]
As described above, in the centrifugal pump that is the embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention, low pressure pulsation and low noise can be achieved.
[0023]
Further, in another embodiment, the small low ratio in which the axial flow passage width 17 on the blade negative pressure surface 8 side with respect to the axial flow passage width 16 on the blade pressure surface 7 side is greater than 1 and 4 or less. Speed centrifugal pump.
[0024]
【Example】
First, the dimensions of the specifications of the centrifugal pump of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 are exemplified. The outer diameter of the impeller 1 is 62 mm, and the axial flow path width of the blade suction surface 8 of the impeller inlet 14 is 5. 8 mm, the axial flow width of the blade pressure surface 7 of the impeller inlet 14 is 3.8 mm, the axial flow width of the blade negative pressure surface 8 of the impeller outlet 15 is 4.5 mm, and the blade pressure surface of the impeller outlet 15 The axial flow path width of 7 is 2.5 mm.
[0025]
Furthermore, the dimensions of the specifications of the centrifugal pump of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 are exemplified. The outer diameter of the impeller 1 is 62 mm, the axial flow path width of the impeller inlet 14 is the blade negative pressure surface 8 and the blade pressure. The surface 7 has the same width of 4.8 mm, the axial flow width of the blade suction surface 8 of the impeller outlet 15 is 4.5 mm, and the axial flow width of the blade pressure surface 7 of the impeller outlet 15 is 2.5 mm. is there.
[0026]
For comparison, when the dimensions of a centrifugal pump in which the conventional axial flow path width is the same on both the blade suction surface side and the blade pressure surface side are shown, the outer diameter of the impeller 1 is 62 mm, the impeller inlet 14 is The axial flow path width is 4.8 mm, and the axial flow path width of the impeller outlet 15 is 3.5 mm. In the above, all other the dimensions of the centrifugal pump including volute 2 are the same, the design flow rate Q d is a 30l / min.
[0027]
FIG. 8 compares the performance of a centrifugal pump equipped with a conventional impeller and a centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 in the present invention. However, the performance of the centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 of the present invention matches the performance of the centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. The performance of the centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller 1 shown in FIG. 4 is compared with the centrifugal pump equipped with the conventional impeller. In the entire flow rate range, the centrifugal pump efficiency equipped with the impeller in the present invention is not different from the efficiency of the conventional pump, but the total lift H appears a little higher, and the internal flow and outlet flow of the centrifugal impeller are controlled. I guess that.
[0028]
FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the 3% reduction in the head of the small low specific speed centrifugal pump equipped with the conventional impeller and the small low specific speed centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller 1 of the embodiment of FIG. 4 in the present invention. Show. There is a tendency that the cavitation performance of the centrifugal pump having the centrifugal impeller of the present invention is slightly improved as the pumped water amount Q increases as compared with the conventional pump.
[0029]
FIG. 10 shows the pressure fluctuation at the discharge port of the centrifugal pump equipped with the conventional impeller, and FIG. 11 shows the pressure fluctuation at the discharge port of the centrifugal pump equipped with the impeller of the embodiment shown in FIG. when each of the flow rate Q of the (a) and 0, if the flow rate Q of (b) of 1/2 × design flow rate Q d, is shown as the case of the flow rate Q design flow rate Q d of (c). As can be seen from the comparison of these two figures, the centrifugal pump equipped with the centrifugal impeller of the present invention has a flow rate Q of (b) of 1/2 × design flow rate Q d when the flow rate Q of (a) is zero. cases, it can be seen that even pressure variation in any of the cases of the flow rate Q of the design flow rate Q d is reduced, the pressure pulsation of the pump is significantly reduced in (c).
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, compared with the conventional centrifugal fluid machine, the present invention assumes that the axial flow path width is different between the blade pressure surface side and the blade negative pressure surface side, particularly compared to the flow width on the blade pressure surface side. By increasing or gradually increasing the flow path width on the blade suction surface side, the centrifugal fluid machine can be made highly efficient and the centrifugal pump can be made without any particular initial cost of the centrifugal fluid machine. In this case, the pressure pulsation of the centrifugal fluid machine, that is, the centrifugal pump can be reduced while further maintaining the high cavitation performance of the pump, and the noise can be further reduced. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an impeller and a spiral chamber.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a conventional impeller.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the flow structure and pressure pulsation at the impeller outlet of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller according to an embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller according to another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller according to another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of an impeller according to still another embodiment of the centrifugal fluid machine of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a performance comparison diagram of a centrifugal pump of a conventional impeller and a centrifugal pump having the impeller of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a NPSH3 (3% reduction in lift) measurement comparison diagram of a conventional impeller and the impeller of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a pressure pulsation waveform diagram at a conventional impeller outlet.
FIG. 11 is a pressure pulsation waveform diagram at the exit of the impeller of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Impeller 2 Spiral chamber 3 Tongue part 4 Impeller main plate 5 Blade 6 Impeller side plate 7 Impeller pressure surface 8 Impeller negative pressure surface 9 Suction port 10 Discharge port 11 Impeller outer diameter 12 Inter-blade flow path 13 Discharge pipe 14 Impeller inlet 15 Impeller outlet 16 Channel width 17 Channel width 18 Clearance 19 Main flow 20 Low energy fluid

Claims (4)

遠心羽根車を有する遠心流体機械において、遠心羽根車は、羽根圧力面から羽根負圧面までの羽根間で、かつ、遠心羽根車入口から羽根車出口に向かう間で、羽根圧力面側の軸方向流路幅と羽根負圧面側の軸方向流路幅が相違していることを特徴とする遠心流体機械。In a centrifugal fluid machine having a centrifugal impeller, the centrifugal impeller is between the blades from the blade pressure surface to the blade negative pressure surface and between the centrifugal impeller inlet and the impeller outlet in the axial direction on the blade pressure surface side. A centrifugal fluid machine characterized in that the flow path width and the axial flow path width on the blade suction surface side are different. 羽根圧力面側の軸方向流路幅と羽根負圧面側の軸方向流路幅の相違は、羽根圧力面側の軸方向流路幅に比して羽根負圧面側の軸方向流路幅が拡大していることからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心流体機械。The difference between the axial channel width on the blade pressure surface side and the axial channel width on the blade suction surface side is that the axial channel width on the blade suction surface side is different from the axial channel width on the blade pressure surface side. The centrifugal fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal fluid machine is enlarged. 羽根車は外径が200mm以下でかつ比速度Ns=nQ1/2/H3/4が200以下の小形低比速度であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の遠心流体機械。3. The centrifugal fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein the impeller has a small low specific speed with an outer diameter of 200 mm or less and a specific speed Ns = nQ1 / 2 / H3 / 4 of 200 or less. 羽根車はその最大外径における対面する2枚の羽根間において、羽根圧力面側の軸方向流路幅に対する羽根負圧面側の軸方向流路幅が1より大でかつ4以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の遠心流体機械。The impeller has an axial flow path width on the blade negative pressure surface side that is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 4 with respect to the axial flow path width on the blade pressure surface side between the two facing blades at the maximum outer diameter. The centrifugal fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101984258A (en) * 2010-12-14 2011-03-09 吉林大学 Centrifugal bionic coupling pump
JP2011080409A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Centrifugal blower and electric vacuum cleaner
JP2014145269A (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-14 Asmo Co Ltd Vehicular pump device
CN108317092A (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-07-24 天津快透平科技发展有限公司 Impeller and centrifugal compressor including the impeller
WO2019093041A1 (en) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-16 マコー株式会社 Workpiece processing apparatus and oxide scale removal method
CN115215409A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-10-21 江苏大学镇江流体工程装备技术研究院 Centrifugal two-stage cavitation generator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011080409A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Centrifugal blower and electric vacuum cleaner
CN101984258A (en) * 2010-12-14 2011-03-09 吉林大学 Centrifugal bionic coupling pump
JP2014145269A (en) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-14 Asmo Co Ltd Vehicular pump device
WO2019093041A1 (en) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-16 マコー株式会社 Workpiece processing apparatus and oxide scale removal method
JP2019084626A (en) * 2017-11-07 2019-06-06 マコー株式会社 Work-piece processing device and oxidized scale removal method
CN108317092A (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-07-24 天津快透平科技发展有限公司 Impeller and centrifugal compressor including the impeller
CN115215409A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-10-21 江苏大学镇江流体工程装备技术研究院 Centrifugal two-stage cavitation generator

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