【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物、特に木造建造物や鉄骨建造物における、床、壁、屋根等や各種断熱パネルに使用される板状断熱材（以下、板状断熱材、又は、各呼称を付した板状断熱材、又は、断熱材と称すことがある。）の構造に関するものであり、さらに、これを用いた建造物の断熱構造に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
戸建住宅等の建造物における、屋内側や屋外側に設けられる断熱構造は、床や、壁や、天井等の、大引きや、間柱や、根太や、胴縁等の構造材の間に、ポリスチレン系発泡樹脂等の硬質の板状断熱材を、嵌挿、配設し、断熱構造の下地層となる断熱ラインを形成させ、その頂面に、床板や壁板や天井材等の仕上げ材を配設して構築されている。通常、家屋の軸組みをなす、大引きや間柱や柱を構造材と称し、根太や胴縁や、垂木等を構造用の下地材と称するが、本発明の断熱構造の説明上の混乱を避けるため、本発明では、これらの、大引きや間柱や柱や根太や胴縁や、垂木等の総称として、構造材と称することとする。又、床板や壁板や天井板及び、これらの下地層に設けられる構造用ベニヤ等の面材を下地材と称されるが、本発明の断熱構造の説明上の混乱を避けるため、本発明では、これらの床板や壁板や天井板及び、これらの下地層に設ける下地材の総称として、仕上げ材と称することとする。
【０００３】
板状断熱材は、主として、型内成形された成形品と、押出成形品や、型内ブロック成形品を、構造材間に嵌挿する板状断熱材の寸法に、裁断加工したものが用いられる。これらを用いた断熱構造で重要なことは、板状断熱材と、大引きや間柱や根太等の構造材との嵌挿隙間を、できるだけ無くし、さらに、板状断熱材厚さより大寸法の構造材の間で、板状断熱材が、ずれ落たり、傾きや、浪打が出ないように、構造材の頂面と、板状断熱材の天面を、略面一となるように断熱ラインを確保し、仕上げ材を配設させて、仕上げ材の内側の隙間空間を無くすることにある。このため、例えば、断熱ラインとなる屋内側や、屋外側の、大引きや根太や、胴縁等の構造材の頂面に、予め、板状断熱材の受け金具を取り付けたり、板状断熱材の長辺側に沿って、弾性を付加するスリット（切り溝状の凹部）を設け、板状断熱材に弾性を付与して、嵌挿させ易くしたり、板状断熱材に薄いフイルム等の吊設材を一体化させ敷設する等、様々な断熱構造が採用されている。
【０００４】
例えば、特許文献１や、特許文献２等の記載では、根太等の構造材に予め受け金具を取り付け、構造材から張り出した受け金具の上に板状断熱材を載置することが記載されている。また、予め板状断熱材の側面に取付金具を挿入固定した後、構造材上に配設する方法（特許文献３参照）が開示されている。
【０００５】
また、別の方法としては、特許文献４や特許文献５等には、板状断熱材の長手側面に沿って、天面、下面の片面、又は、両面に、スリット（以下、弾性スリット又は各呼称を付したスリットと称することがある。）を形成させ板状断熱材の巾方向に弾性を付与し、構造材間に弾性力で保持固定させるものが提案されている。
【０００６】
また、この種の別の方法として、特許文献６、特許文献７や特許文献８には、複数以上の板状断熱材の長手側面を、予め、柔軟性のあるフイルム等の吊設連結材で等間隔に連結させ、構造材間に吊設する方法が提案されている。また、板状断熱材毎の天面に、長手側面に沿って耳状に張り出す幅寸法の柔軟性のある薄いフイルムを一体化させ、構造体頂面に耳状のフイルムを広げて、板状断熱材を吊設する方法（サニーライト：旭化成製で本発明では、硬質断熱材に類する。）も提案されている。又、別の断熱ラインを形成させる方法として、予め、工場で仕上げ材の裏面に板状断熱材を貼着した断熱パネルを形成させて搬入し、構造材上に配設するパネル工法も採用されている。
【０００７】
【特許文献１】実開昭５９−５４６４５号公報
【特許文献２】実開昭５７−１７１０２９号公報
【特許文献３】実開平０１−４８９５７号公報
【特許文献４】実開平１１−２２０４８９号公報
【特許文献５】実開昭６０−１８４９０３号公報
【特許文献６】実開昭５７−１４７９３８号公報
【特許文献７】実開昭５４−１７７７０６号公報
【特許文献８】特開平０２−４３４３５号公報
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記した、特許文献１や特許文献２の構成では、受け金具の精度、板状断熱材の精度、構造材の精度、施工精度及び反りや弛み等、種々の精度や誤差等により、嵌挿された板状断熱材と、構造材や仕上げ材との間に隙間が生じ断熱欠陥となる。また、予め構造材に金具を取付けた後、板状断熱材を載置するという２工程の作業となり煩雑で工数やコストがかさむ。また、特許文献３の方法では、現場で予め板状断熱材毎の側面の適所に取付具を差し込み、耳状部のある板状断熱材とし嵌挿させるのであるが、作業が煩雑で、装着誤差や傾きが出やすく、取付具が外れやすい等の欠点がある。これらの方法の欠点は、構造材間寸法より板状断熱材が小寸法の時は隙間となるが、前記の受け金具や取付金具には、発生した隙間を閉止するための板状断熱材幅を拡設する機能が無く、又、壁の垂直面や天井下面では脱落し易く、いずれの場合も不完全な断熱ラインとなる。
【０００９】
又、前記の特許文献４や特許文献５の方法では、板状断熱材の長手側面に沿って、上下面に複数のスリットを設け、板状断熱材の巾方向に弾性を付与して、構造材間に嵌挿し易くさせ、構造材間の保持固定や隙間防止は、板状断熱材の弾性力で行う構成になっている。これらのスリットは、通常、上下面共、板状断熱材の厚みの概１／２以上の深さで、かつ、長さ方向を縦断して開口させている。このため、板状断熱材の 天面に平行な方向に首折れし易く、僅かな力で表裏両面に、反りや、曲がり易いため、敷設、嵌挿作業がやり難く、嵌挿されても左右の水平度が出難く、長辺側にも波打ち、構造材の頂面に沿って略面一化することは、極めて難しく、不完全な断熱ラインが形成されてしまう結果となっている。
【００１０】
さらに、嵌挿時や嵌挿後の応力は、全て、スリット底面の連結肉部に集中するため、短期に弾性劣化や応力低下して、スリット巾が狭小となり、断熱材幅が縮小し、構造材との間に隙間が発生し、保持力が低下して、振動で構造材の頂面からずれ落ち、仕上げ材との間に隙間を発生させる欠点がある。また、嵌挿時には、スリット開口部が、わずかな力で首折れして、頭打ちするため、弾性は相殺され、スリットのない無弾性の板状断熱材と同等の性能となる欠点がある。これらの欠点を補正するため、前述の受け金具等と併用されるものの、補完効果は少なく、不完全な断熱ラインとなっていた。
【００１１】
また、スリットは、長辺側面に沿って加工されている構造上、 短辺幅方向以外は弾性が無く、板状断熱材を長辺方向に沿って、連続して敷設するため、板状断熱材毎の接続隙間が出来たり、建造物の端部では、板状断熱材がはみ出したり、短かったり、捩れで、角部が嵌挿出来ない等の問題が発生し、板状断熱材の現場カット作業や隙間閉止等の作業を伴う問題がある。又、スリットは、長辺側に縦断して開口しているため、連接される別の板状断熱材のスリットと、次々と連結され、建造物の端部まで、連続した冷気の経路が形成され、断熱性や、機密性が低下する問題がある。
【００１２】
予め、板状断熱材を、フイルム等の吊設材で連結する特許文献６や特許文献７や特許文献８の提案では、狭い建設現場で、柔らかい吊設材で連結された長尺の板状断熱材を、構造材間の所定の位置に正確に敷設することは、極めて困難で、相互に反りや、捻じれが生じ、作業を阻害する。又、予め、形成された吊設部の巾と、構造材の巾寸法との相互バラツキで、弛みなく面一に嵌挿、吊設できることは稀で、嵌挿不可が生たり、余裕で吊設出来た場合は、柔らかいフイルム材であり、吊設された板状断熱材は垂れ下り、仕上げ材との間に隙間が生じる。
【００１３】
又、板状断熱材の天面の長辺に沿って、柔軟性のある薄いフイルムを耳状に張り出さて一体化させた板状断熱材は、都度、構造材の頂面に両耳のフイルムを手で押し広げて固定せざるをえず、薄くて、柔らかく、形態保持性が無いフイルムであるため、皺や、弛みが発生し、板状断熱材の天面と構造部材との頂面を均一に面一化することは難しく、フイルムが、構造材間に板状断熱材と一緒に巻き込まれ易く、隙間が形成される。
【００１４】
また、壁の垂直面や、天井下面に板状断熱材を嵌挿する場合、両耳の薄いフイルムが、重力で垂れ下がり、構造材の垂直の頂面や天井等の下方に面する頂面に、フイルムを押し広げて係止することは、極めて困難で、面一が確保されないまま、フイルムを仕上げ材で無理やり挟み込むこととなり隙間が生じる。このフイルムを、厚いフイルムやシート材とすることも可能であるが、厚いフイルムやシート材が板状断熱材の 天面に平行な方向に両耳状に水平に張り出すため、輸送、保管中に、反りや、変形が生じ、商品性を損ね、嵌挿作業が困難で面一性が確保されず、梱包や輸送の容積や、輸送コストの増大を招くことから実用化されていない。
【００１５】
欠陥の無い断熱ラインを形成させるため、事前に、仕上げ材の裏面に板状断熱材を貼着した断熱パネルを作成して、構造材上に配設するパネル工法は、パネル供給システムを擁する、大手ハウスメーカー以外は対応できず、従来の断熱欠陥等の課題が多い工法が一般的に行われているのである。
【００１６】
上記した、いずれの方法も、構造材間に板状断熱材を隙間無く嵌挿、配設し易く、構造材の頂面と板状断熱材を略面一とするためになされているが、不完全であるため、構造材と板状断熱材間の隙間が生じ易く、構造材の頂面との面一性も不十分で、この面に敷設される仕上げ材との間に隙間が出来、これらの断熱欠陥は、経時劣化と共に増大し、今日、戸建住宅の気密性と断熱性の確保は、快適な居住性と、省エネルギーの観点から、極めて重要な課題であるにもかかわらず、未だ満足しえる状態に無いのが現状である。さらに、近年、根太等の構造材を省略し、ないしは、省略しないままで、大引きや間柱等の構造材間に直接、板状断熱材を嵌挿し仕上げ材を配設する合理化工法が望まれている。しかしながら、大引き、間柱等の空間寸法は根太間の空間寸法より大きく、根太間の断熱材幅が２５０ｍｍ〜４５０ｍｍ程度であるのに対し、大引き間の場合、例えば、９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍ×４５ｍｍの大寸法の板状断熱材であり、これを、構造材頂面に面一で配設することは、至難のことで、切望されているにかかわらず、熱欠損のない施工がなさず、実施が進展しない、又は、欠陥を暗黙で容認していることも起こっている。
【００１７】
本発明は、以上のような諸課題を解決するためになされたものである。また、本発明は、外断熱構造、又は、内断熱構造の建造物であることを問わず、構造材間に断熱材を嵌挿、挿入させ、高断熱性を確保するための課題を解決するためになされたものである。
【００１８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究の結果、上記した、従来技術の課題に対応した解決策を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【００１９】
即ち、上記目的を達成するための本発明の請求項１に係る発明は、構造材間に嵌挿する板状断熱材であって、該板状断熱材の長辺側の両側面、又は、該板状断熱材天面の長辺側の少なくとも両端部の、全長、又は、部分に、該構造材間への嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、かつ、 天面に平行な方向に、展開し懸架が可能な翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２０】
本発明の請求項２に係る発明は、板状断熱材が発泡合成樹脂製である請求項１に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２１】
本発明の請求項３に係る発明は、該嵌挿部材が、該翼部を 天面に平行な方向に展開した状態にて、該構造材間に板状断熱材を略面一で懸架して、保持するのに可能な強度を有することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２２】
本発明の請求項４に係る発明は、該嵌挿部材の翼部が、ヒンジ部により折り曲げ、および展開を可能とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２３】
本発明の請求項５に係る発明は、該ヒンジ部が、切溝、Ｖ字又はＵ字の切り込み溝のいずれかを有する請求項４に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２４】
本発明の請求項６に係る発明は、該嵌挿部材が、形態保持性のある可撓性シート状材からなることを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２５】
本発明の請求項７に係る発明は、該嵌挿部材が、合成樹脂製の射出成形シート状材からなることを特徴とする請求項１〜６のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２６】
本発明の請求項８に係る発明は、板状断熱材の 長辺側の両側面、又は、天面に設けられた該嵌挿部材を略折り曲げた状態で翼部先端を構造材の頂面に仮架して該板状断熱材の該構造材間への嵌挿に倣って該翼部を展開させて該板状断熱材の天面と該構造材の頂面を略面一とし、該構造材間に懸架させることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を用いた断熱構造を内容とする。
【００２７】
本発明の請求項９に係る発明は、板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は、両面を縦断して設けられる１以上のスリットの任意の位置に不連続部を設けたことを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２８】
本発明の請求項１０に係る発明は、押出成形品やブロック成形品から裁断されてなる板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面を縦断して設けられる１以上のスリット先端が膨出部を有し該膨出部内に内包された遊嵌状態の棒状の断熱部を形成させてなることを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００２９】
本発明の請求項１１に係る発明は、板状断熱材の 長辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面を縦断して設けられる１以上のスリットが蛇行して形成されたことを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３０】
本発明の請求項１２に係る発明は、板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面に設けられる１以上のスリットが板状断熱材の 長辺側や 短辺側と非平行であることを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３１】
本発明の請求項１３に係る発明は、非平行な１以上のスリットが互いに交差するものであることを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３２】
本発明の請求項１４に係る発明は、交差する１以上のスリットが対角線方向に設けられたものであることを特徴とする請求項１２又は１３のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３３】
本発明の請求項１５に係る発明は、板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面を縦断して設けられるスリットと該スリットと交差する方向に交差スリットを設けることを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３４】
本発明の請求項１６に係る発明は、板状断熱材の長辺側と短辺側の側面に沿って、板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面を縦断して設けられる１以上のスリットと該スリットと交差する長辺から短辺を横断する交差スリットを設けることを特徴とする請求項１５に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３５】
本発明の請求項１７に係る発明は、板状断熱材の長辺側及び短辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面のいずれか一方、又は両面に設けられる１以上のスリットが板状断熱材の外周辺に沿って連続して設けられたことを特徴とする板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３６】
本発明の請求項１８に係る発明は、スリットが蛇行して形成されることを特徴とする請求項１２〜１７のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３７】
本発明の請求項１９に係る発明は、スリットの任意の位置に不連続部を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１１〜１８のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３８】
本発明の請求項２０に係る発明は、構造材が、大引き、根太、間柱、胴縁、垂木等であることを特徴とする請求項１〜１９のいずれか１項に記載の板状断熱材を内容とする。
【００３９】
本発明の請求項２１に係る発明は、大引きや根太や胴縁等の構造材の片側または両側に板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部を設け板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一とすることを特徴とする木造建造物の断熱構造を内容とする。
【００４０】
本発明の請求項２２に係る発明は、構造材の内側に板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部とするスペーサーを設け板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一とすることを特徴とする木造建造物の断熱構造を内容とする。
【００４１】
本発明の請求項２３に係る発明は、構造材の高さを板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法として板状断熱材の裏面側に板状断熱材を支える支承構造材を設け板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一とすることを特徴とする木造建造物の断熱構造を内容とする。
【００４２】
【作用】
本発明の、形態保持性のある翼部を有する嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材は、構造材間に嵌挿する時は、翼部を折り曲げた儘、翼部の先端を構造材の頂面に仮架させて、板状断熱材の天面を押さえたり、板状断熱材の自重で、翼部の先端が頂面を滑りながら、ヒンジ部が展開され、構造材の頂面と略面一に懸架されるので、作業者が事前に手で、翼部を展開させたり、板状断熱材の嵌挿深さを調整する等の煩雑さが無く、作業性が向上する。又、構造材頂面と略面一で懸架し保持されるため、断熱ラインの形成が容易で、その状態で仕上げ材を配設すれば、板状断熱材天面との隙間も形成されず、所期の断熱構造が容易に確保される。
【００４３】
本発明で言う、構造材の頂面とは、板状断熱材の嵌挿側の面であって、床材や、壁材の垂直面や天井材下面等の仕上げ材の配設面を指す。板状断熱材の天面とは、構造材間に嵌挿して、構造材頂面と略面一にする面であって、床材や壁材の垂直面や天井材下面等の、仕上げ材の配設面を指す。本発明の略面一とは、構造材の頂面に対する、板状断熱材の天面の嵌挿高さや深さを、望ましくは、５ｍｍ以下、さらに望ましくは、３ｍｍ以下、さらに望ましくは、１ｍｍ以下とすることを指し、望ましくは、例えば、構造材頂面より板状断熱材天面を、上記寸法程度に略突出させておき、仕上げ材の敷設時に、仕上げ材で突出部を押し込みながら敷設し、隙間の無い断熱構造を確保することが、施工性にも優れ望ましい。
【００４４】
本発明の構造材間に嵌挿する場合の板状断熱材の大きさは、一概には言えないが、根太間に嵌挿するものは、幅が２５０ｍｍ〜６００ｍｍ程度、長さが６００ｍｍ〜１２００ｍｍ程度で、厚みは、通常、地域によって断熱材厚さが規定されているものが適用されるが、２０ｍｍ〜１００ｍｍ程度のものが一般的である。又、大引きや間柱間に嵌挿されるものは、幅は、６００ｍｍ〜９１０ｍｍ程度で、長さは、９００ｍｍ〜１８２０ｍｍ程度のものが一般的である。また、大引き間等の嵌挿幅が大の空間に断熱材を嵌挿するようなケースには断熱材のサイズが大寸法であることから、断熱材の中央部等が下方に自重で垂れ下がることもあるが、そのことで弊害がある場合に断熱材の下部に適当な支持をする、又は、釘等の係止具を併用することでその下方への変形を抑えることが出来るのは当然である。
【００４５】
又、断熱材の天面に補強材用嵌挿溝を付形し、木材等の補強材を面一で取付けて仕上げ材側と釘や接着剤で一体化させることも有効である。又、断熱材の裏側に突出した形で木材等の補強材を１以上、貼り付けることで板状断熱材の反りや撓みを防止することも有効である（図示せず）。又、断熱材の表裏の少なくとも１面に、垂れや反りを防止する補強紙やフイルム等の補強面材を貼着し、板状断熱材の曲げ強度を上げることも効果的である。（図示せず）これらの支持や補強方法は、必要に応じて適宜採用すればよく、構造材間に断熱材を嵌挿する本発明の断熱構造の向上に効果的である。
【００４６】
翼部を有する嵌挿部材は、皴が発生しない、形態保持性のあるシート材で構成されているため、翼部を構造材の頂面に仮架させて展開させる際に、支障の出る皴や、反りや、変形が生じず、翼部の先端が、構造材の頂面を滑りながら展開され易く、翼部が水平に懸架されても、板状断熱材の自重で、構造材間に垂れ下がることが無い形態保持性からなる懸架強度によって、略面一性が確保される。
又、全長嵌挿部材や、部分嵌挿部材は、種類や、形状や、構造によって形態保持性に差が出ることから、適宜、シート材の材質等、選定すればよい。ここで言う、全長嵌挿部材とは、板状断熱材の長辺を実質的に支障なく懸架させるものであればよく、嵌挿部材の長さは、板状断熱材と同等長さであることは問わず、施工性から、やや、板状断熱材全長より短くすることも、全長の概念に入る。ここで言う、部分嵌挿部材とは、板状断熱材の片側面に、少なくとも２個以上設けて、長辺を実質的に支障なく懸架されるものを指し、幅寸法や、取り付け位置や、個数は特に限定しない。
【００４７】
すなわち、本発明での構造材とは、構造用の下地材である根太、胴縁等や軸組み用の構造材である大引き、間柱等の板状断熱材を嵌挿する部位を構成するいずれをも含むものを意味する。従って、これらの構造材間に断熱材を適切に嵌挿ないし、挿入することを目的とする。
【００４８】
本発明のこの嵌挿部材は、板状断熱材の 長辺側の両側面の、全長、又は、部分に、翼部の先端が、嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、天面に平行な方向に、展開し、懸架し、必要に応じ展開方向に拡設出来るように設けられる。翼部が展開し懸架するとは、翼部が天面に平行な方向に展開し、板状断熱材が構造材頂面間に懸架し、拡設されることをいう。又は、該板状断熱材天面の、長辺側の両端部の、全長、又は、部分に、翼部の先端が、嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で 天面に平行な方向に、展開し懸架が出来るように設けられる。
【００４９】
該板状断熱材天面の長辺側の、少なくとも、両端部に翼部の先端が嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、天面に平行な方向に、展開し懸架、拡設等が出来るとは、該板状断熱材天面の少なくとも両端部を含む該板状断熱材天面の全面を、皴が発生しない形態保持性のあるシート材で覆い、そのシート材の端部の、全長、又は、部分を、翼部を有する嵌挿部材とし、その翼部は、先端が嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で形成され、天面に平行な方向に展開、懸架、拡設等が出来ることを言う。
【００５０】
または、該板状断熱材天面の長辺側の両端部に、適切な幅でもって、皴が発生しない形態保持性のあるシート材を積層し、そのシート材の端部の、全長、又は、部分を、翼部を有する嵌挿部材とし、その翼部は、先端が嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態であり、天面に平行な方向に展開し懸架が出来るように設ける。
【００５１】
勿論、該板状断熱材の 長辺側の裏面の、少なくとも両端部を介して、長辺側の両側面の、全長、又は、部分に、翼部の先端が嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、天面に平行な方向に展開し懸架が出来るように設けられても良い。
【００５２】
又、嵌挿部材は、翼部を展開して、板状断熱材を略面一で懸架させ、必要に応じて翼部を拡設して、板状断熱材を幅方向に拡張させるに必要な引張強度が確保される板状断熱材との係止強度が確保されていることが望ましい。拡設とは、板状断熱材と、構造材間に出来た部分的な隙間や、板状断熱材巾が、全体に小寸法の際の隙間や、経時劣化で隙間の発生が懸念される場合、翼部を水平方向に拡設させて、スリットが設けられた板状断熱材幅を拡張させ、隙間を閉止するために、翼部を水平方向に拡げることを指し、拡設後は、翼部を構造材の頂面に釘やピンや接着剤や粘着テープ等で止着して仕上げ材を取り付けたり、仕上げ材で挟持させれば、経時劣化等による隙間の発生も長期に防止できるのである。
【００５３】
又、嵌挿部材は、嵌挿方向にヒンジ部を折り曲げて、略収納されるので、保管や、輸送中に、嵌挿部材が壊たり、脱落や変形することが無く、保管中や輸送中に嵩張らず、梱包、開梱作業性もよく、施工現場では、耳状に張り出していないため、取扱い易く、嵌挿作業も、折り畳んだままで、板状断熱材の下部の一部を嵌挿して押し込めば、翼部が構造材の頂面を滑りながら、自然に展開されて板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面が水平に懸架され、その懸架位置で翼部の形態保持力で、構造材間に押し込みすぎることも無く、面一性が極めて容易に確保でき、作業性が向上する。又、板状断熱材の天面と、構造材の頂面とが略面一となれば、翼部のシート材が、構造材間との隙間をシールする機能も発揮でき、翼部のシート材が全長に亘って設けられると、さらに、そのシール機能が向上するが、部分であってもその効果があり、その結果、非常に優れた断熱性を確保することが出来る。
【００５４】
本発明に用いられる図２（ｃ）（ｄ）や図１１（ｂ）に示す板状断熱材は、例えば、板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って、板状断熱材を縦断して開口するスリットの任意な位置に、不連続部を設けることにより、短辺側（板状断熱材の幅方向）の首折れや、反りや、曲がりが防止でき、不連続部の弾性力が付加増大されるため、弾性力や、形態保持性が増し、嵌挿作業性が向上する。又、経時に伴う弾性劣化や、応力劣化が抑制され、板状断熱材の構造材間の固定力が長期に維持される。又、長辺側に縦断して開口するスリットを、不連続とすることにより、スリット内を流れる冷気通路が遮断され、断熱性が向上する。
【００５５】
また、本発明に用いられる図９に示す、別の実施態様である板状断熱材は、長辺側面に沿って、縦断して設けられるスリットの先端に膨出部を設け、膨出部内に内包された、遊嵌状態の棒状断熱部を有しているが、この板状断熱材は、ニクロム線等の熱線で熱溶融させながら、２次元の軌跡に沿って加工されるので、スリットの先端の膨出部に、遊嵌状態の棒状断熱部を形成させることが出来る。そして、この棒状断熱部は、従来公知のスリットの欠点である短辺側の首折れやそりや曲がりを防止でき、更に、板状断熱材の平面方向の弾性力を改善させることが出来るので、嵌挿作業性を向上させ、加えて、スリット内の冷気通路が抑制され、断熱性が向上し、経時の弾性劣化や応力劣化の発生も抑制され、板状断熱材自体の形態保持性が長期に安定する。
【００５６】
又、本発明の図１０、図１２の板状断熱材は、板状断熱材の長辺側に沿って、縦断して設けられるスリットを蛇行させて形成させることにより、スリット全長が長くなり、応力発生構造が向上するため、従来品に比して、短辺側の弾性力や応力が向上し、経時劣化が抑制される。又、蛇行させると、首折れや、反りや、曲がりが抑制され、形態保持性が向上し、スリット内の冷気の流れが抑制される。さらに、スリットの蛇行の度合いを大きくすることで、短辺側と長辺側の２軸方向の弾性が付加され、嵌挿作業性が向上し、連続敷設される板状断熱材間の接続隙間の発生が抑制できる。
【００５７】
また、本発明の図１１に示す板状断熱材は、板状断熱材の長辺側と非平行のスリットを設けることで、応力発生構造が向上するため、短辺側の弾性力や応力が向上し、経時劣化も抑制される。例えば、板状断熱材の対角線上に交差するスリットを桝掛け状に設けることにより、首折れや、反りや、曲がりが抑制され、形態保持性が向上し、スリット内の冷気の流れは板状断熱材毎に非連続となり断熱・気密性が向上する。更に、短辺側と、長辺側の２軸方向の弾性が発現出来、長辺側の嵌挿作業性が向上し、板状断熱材間の接続隙間の発生が抑制できる。
【００５８】
又、本発明の図１３に示す板状断熱材は、板状断熱材の 長辺側の側面に沿って設けられるスリットと、該スリットと交差する方向に、交差スリットを設けることにより、短辺の２軸方向と、長辺側の二軸方向の４辺に弾性が付与され、嵌挿作業性が向上し、接続隙間の発生を抑制できる。
【００５９】
又、本発明の図１５に示す板状断熱材は、板状断熱材の長辺側や短辺側の側面に沿って設けられるスリットと、該スリットと交差する、長辺から短辺を横断する交差スリットを設けることにより、４辺方向に加えて、板状断熱材の角部方向にも弾性が付与され、３軸方向の弾性が付与され、嵌挿し易く接続隙間の発生を抑制できる。
【００６０】
又、本発明の図１４に示す板状断熱材は、板状断熱材の外周に沿って設けられる環状のスリットと、それに交差する補助的な弾性付与作用を有する補助スリット３ｃを設けることにより、角部を含む全周面に弾性が付与され、３軸弾性板状断熱材とすることが可能で、嵌挿し易く隙間の発生が抑制される。
【００６１】
前記した、本発明の各種のスリット構造の組合せや、前記した、各種のスリット構造と、従来の公知の各種のスリット構造とを適宜組み合わせることにより、更に、多様性のある板状断熱材を提供することが出来る。また、公知の市販されている各種の板状断熱材構造に、本発明のスリット構造を取り入れることも可能で、これらは本発明に属する。これらのスリットの形成方法は、型内成形されるスリットや、鋸刃で切り溝加工されるスリットや、熱線で熱溶融されるスリットや、熱板で熱溶融されるスリット等によってなされ、これらを、適宜、選定、又は、組み合わせて加工すればよい。
【００６２】
本発明の図１６（ａ）に示す断熱構造は、根太や胴縁等の構造材の片側、又は、両側に、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部を設けることにより、非常に簡便であるにもかかわらず、板状断熱材の天面と、構造材の頂面を、略面一とすることが出来、また、板状断熱材と構造材の隙間が発生することは無いので、優れた断熱性能が発揮でき良好な断熱構造が構築できる。
【００６３】
本発明の図１６（ｂ）に示す断熱構造は、大引きや、根太や胴縁等の構造材の内側に、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部となるスペーサーを設けることにより、板状断熱材の天面と、構造材の頂面が略面一となり、且つ、板状断熱材と構造材との隙間が発生することが無いので、非常に簡便な方法で優れた断熱性を発揮でき、良好な断熱構造が構築できる。
【００６４】
また、本発明の図１６（ｃ）に示す別の断熱構造は、大引きや、根太や胴縁等の構造材の高さを、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法とし、板状断熱材の裏側を支える支承構造材を設けることにより、これも非常に簡便な方法で、板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一にでき、板状断熱材と、構造材や、仕上げ材との隙間も発生することが無く、優れた断熱性能を発揮し、良好な断熱構造が構築できる。
【００６５】
前記した図１６に示す断熱構造は、従来、その地域の建造物毎に採用される、多岐に亘る、大引きや、間柱や根太や、胴縁や、たる木等の構造材の寸法や建造物の構造に対し、その地域毎に規定された断熱基準に準拠した厚みの板状断熱材を、そのまま、適用することを前提に、構造材寸法と、板状断熱材の厚みとの寸法差が原因で生じる様々な断熱欠陥を無くするため、板状断熱材側から様々な工夫や発明がなされ採用されてきたが、未だ、満足な断熱構造に至っていない現状に鑑みて、なされたものである。
【００６６】
本発明は、構造材と板状断熱材の寸法差が原因の断熱欠陥を解消するために、構造材側から、欠点の無い断熱構造を形成する構成によってなされたものであって、本発明の様々の工夫を加えた板状断熱材に加えて、スリットの無い無弾性の板状断熱材を採用しても、前記した、非常に簡便な方法で、板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一にでき、板状断熱材と、構造材や、仕上げ材との隙間も発生することが無く、優れた断熱構造が構築できるのである。
【００６７】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の構造材間に嵌挿する板状断熱材は、該板状断熱材の長辺側の両側面又は、該板状断熱材天面の長辺側の両端部の全長、又は、部分に、該構造材間への嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、かつ、天面に平行な方向に展開可能な、翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材であることを特徴とする。
【００６８】
本発明に用いられる翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材は、折り曲げ、展開や、懸架が自在な構造であって、該板状断熱材の長辺側の両側面、又は、該板状断熱材天面の長辺側の両端部の、全長、又は、部分に、取り付けられ、嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で構造材頂面に仮架して、板状断熱材を押し込めば、形態保持性のある翼は、その力で構造材頂面を滑りながら付随的に展開されて、構造材頂面とで水平になった状態で懸架されるため、構造材の頂面より垂たり、押し込み過ぎることが防止される。又、嵌挿部材が形態保持性のあるシート材で構成されているため、板状断熱材を構造材間に嵌挿する際の翼部の展開は殆ど作業者の手作業を要さず、又、翼部は展開されても、皺が発生せず構造材の頂面にほぼ面一に懸架されるので、板状断熱材の配設作業性に優れ、略面一の断熱ラインの確保が容易で、仕上げ材との隙間も有効に防止できるのである。
【００６９】
又、翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材は、板状断熱材の短辺側面や天面の長辺側の両端部の全長、又は、部分に、接着（熱接着を含む）や、差込みや、逆止爪係止や、食い込み爪係止や天面にはミシン掛け等、種々の方法で板状断熱材を展開、懸架し、必要に応じて拡設出来る強度で一体取付されている。特に、大引き間に大寸法の板状断熱材を嵌挿するときは、板状断熱材の中心部がたるみ易いため、両端の翼部を天面に平行な方向に拡設することは隙間防止やたるみ防止上、極めて有効である。このため、板状断熱材と構造材との間の隙間防止や、予防のために、板状断熱材を天面に平行な方向に展開、又は拡設させて、仕上げ材で挟持させたり、釘やピンや接着剤や粘着テープ等で止着して仕上げ材を配設すれば、構造材と板状断熱材との間のみならず、構造材と仕上げ材との隙間の閉止も容易に確保されるのである。
【００７０】
翼部の巾は、構造材の頂面巾の１／２以下が望ましく、隣接して併設される別の板状断熱材の翼部との重なりを避けて、懸架されるのが好ましい。又、床鳴りが懸念される場合は、構造材頂面に懸架される翼部と翼部の間に、木工ボンド等の接着剤やシーリング材を、構造材の長さ方向に沿って設けること、特に、翼部の厚さより厚く、凸筋状に形成させることによって、仕上げ材と構造材や嵌挿部材等で発生することがある床鳴りが防止でき好ましい。また、隣接する２枚の翼部の端部を接続し覆う状態に、粘着テープで封入・係止することで、粘着テープが防音パッキンとなり床鳴りは長期に防止される。又、翼部の上面又は下面のいずれか一方、又は両面に木工ボンド等の接着剤やシーリング材を構造材の長さ方向に沿って凸筋状に形成させることによってもなされる。又、翼部の上面、又は、下面のいずれか一方、又は、両面に、予め、布織布等の床鳴り防止材を貼着させたものや、翼部に弾性塗料を塗布したものも効果的である。
【００７１】
翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材の略収納や展開や懸架等が可能なヒンジ部は、水平に懸架した状態の時、板状断熱材の天面と略同高さとなる位置に設けられる。そして、懸架した状態において、板状断熱材を懸架、拡設する強度に耐えうる材料強度や取付強度がある構成によってなされる。嵌挿部材のヒンジ部の構造は、形態保持性のあるシート材のヒンジ構成部に、予め、再展開が可能に折り曲げて付形した、折り曲げヒンジ構造や、シート材がヒンジ構成部で分離しない強度の深さで切溝を設けた切溝ヒンジ構造や、射出成形等では、ヒンジ部にＵ字、Ｖ字に成形付形されたヒンジ構造等、適宜の構造によってなされる。しかしながら、本発明の目的が達成されるヒンジ構造であればどのような構造でも良くよく特に限定されることはない。
【００７２】
また、嵌挿部材の翼部は、板状断熱材に密接して、隙間なく折り曲げ収納されるようなヒンジ部を設ける必要は無く、翼部の先端が略開き状態で収納されておれば、構造材の頂面に翼部の先端を仮架させやすく、板状断熱材の押し込みに順じて、翼部が水平懸架する位置まで展開し、板状断熱材の自重にて垂たり、押込み過ぎないような形態保持性のある構造や、物性のある素材によってなさせる。
【００７３】
翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材の材質は、形態保持性のある可撓性のあるシート状材であれば、特に限定されない。形態保持性とは、自己の形態を保持する能力を有するものをいい、自己形状保持性とも言い換えうる。形態保持性があって可撓性があり撥水性のあるシート材としては、ポリプロピレンや、塩化ビニールや、ポリスチレンや、ポリカーボネートや、ＡＢＳ等の合成樹脂製のシート材や、合成樹脂フイルムと紙等をラミネートしたシート材や、紙とアルミ箔をラミネートしたものや防水紙等があり、アルミや鉄板や銅板や亜鉛引き鉄板等の薄板又は箔状の金属シート材であっても特に形態保持性があり構造材頂面に仮架すれば、展開し、懸架できるものであれば特に限定しない。
【００７４】
この内、射出成形品は、ポリプロピレンや塩化ビニールやポリスチレン等の合成樹脂製のものが望ましいが特に限定しない。嵌挿部材の厚さは、板状断熱材を水平に懸架するのにはある程度厚くてもよいが、必要以上に厚いと構造材の配設仕上げ材との間で床鳴りが生じ易くなるため、２ｍｍ以下が望ましく、更に望ましくは１ｍｍ以下のもが、床鳴り防止上からは望ましい。逆に薄すぎると形態保持性が失われるので材質によって一概には言えないが、合成樹脂製シート材では、例えば、０．１ｍｍ以上、もしくは、０．３ｍｍ以上程度が望ましい。
【００７５】
嵌挿部材の取付は、板状断熱材の長辺側面の下方に略収納されるように取り付けられるが、板状断熱材が天面に平行な方向に、水平で長辺側に沿って浪打たないように取り付けが出来るものであって、板状断熱材の長辺側面の、全長、もしくは、部分に適宜選択して該嵌挿部材を取り付ければよい。形態保持性のあるシート材（以下、単にシート材と略称することがある。）を折り曲げて付形したヒンジ構造の嵌挿部材は接着面に接着剤を塗布して長側面や天面の両端部に沿って、概全長に連続して接着等係止して、次いで、翼部を下方に折り曲げ加工して、全長嵌挿部材とすると効率的で望ましく、又、予め、翼部を下方に折り曲げたシート材等を接着等で係止し、適宜の長さで裁断して部分嵌挿部材としても良い。
【００７６】
金属シート材や射出成型品などは、構造面やコスト面から部分嵌挿部材が望ましく、これらは床や壁や天井等の使用部位に応じ適宜選択すればよい。また、例えば、両側面の片側を全長嵌挿部材とし、他の側面を部分嵌挿部材とすることも可能で建造物の端部では、天面に平行な方向に全長嵌挿部材や部分嵌挿部材を取り付けること等、建造物の状況に応じ、断熱性向上、有効な形態で適宜採用すればよい。
【００７７】
本発明の板状断熱材の構造例の一つに、板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って板状断熱材の上下面（天面又は、裏面とも称す。）のいずれか一方、又は両面を縦断して設けられる１以上のスリットの任意の位置にスリットの縦断を遮断させる方向に不連続部を設ける構造がある。このことにより、長さ方向に連続して縦断するスリットを設けた従来の板状断熱材に比し、断熱性と短辺側の首折れ等の形態不安定性が改善され、発泡合成樹脂の不連続部を形成した樹脂部位の弾性力や応力が、通常のスリットを設けた発泡合成樹脂の弾性力や応力に更に印加され、それらが増大することになるから、弾性劣化や応力劣化が大幅に抑制され構造材間の隙間防止が長期に維持される。
【００７８】
図２（ｄ）、（ｃ）に示す、板状断熱材のスリットを遮断して設けられる不連続部の肉厚は、構造材間に嵌挿する際に加えられる短辺側の押込み力で弾性歪が発生する厚みであって、例えば発泡倍率が６０倍の発泡スチロール成形品であれば望ましくは１０ｍｍ巾以下、さらに望ましくは５ｍｍ巾以下が望ましく発泡倍率と板状断熱材の厚みや不連続部でないスリットの深さ等から適宜選定すればよい。また、不連続部の弾性の発現を容易とするために、スリットを遮断する方向に設けるスリットと、不連続部の界面形状は、図２（ｄ）の一部拡大平面図に示す不連続部の３形状の内、平面凹状でもよいが、円形凹状や、Ｖ字凹状とすると安定した弾性歪が得られやすく、望ましい。これらの不連続部とスリットの界面の形状や、不連続部の厚みは、板状断熱材に求められる柔軟性や作業性等から適宜決定すればよい。
【００７９】
又、不連続部の、不連続部でないスリットの深さに対する高さは、不連続部でないスリットの深さに相当する部分の全高（図６（ａ）２ｆ参照）を不連続部として形成させてもよく、又、不連続部でないスリットの深さに相当する部分の概１／２（図６（ｂ）２ｆ参照）から概１／３程度（図６（ｂ）２ｆ参照）を不連続部のスリットの深さとして設けることにより、 短辺側の柔軟性を生かすことも可能である。この不連続部でないスリットの深さに対する、連続部のスリットの深さは、板状断熱材の材質、発泡倍率、厚み、作業性等から適宜選択すればよい。
【００８０】
型内成形品のスリットを不連続とする方法は、不連続部を形成させる櫛状のスリット形成の金型構造で成形することが容易である。押出成形品やブロック成形品から裁断される板状断熱材のスリット部に不連続部を形成させる方法は、スリット形成用の熱板に不連続部を形成させる切り込み部を設け、この櫛状の熱板を発泡合成樹脂の熔融温度以上に加熱して板状断熱材の上、下面からスリット形成深さまで押し込みスリット相当部の発泡樹脂を熔融し離型させると不連続部は熔融せず不連続部とスリット部が形成されるのである。熔融温度は発泡ポリスチレン樹脂では、例えば１２０℃〜１４０℃程度に熱板を加熱すればよく、他の発泡合成樹脂も該樹脂の熔融温度以上に加熱すればよい。離型時の金型の冷却は通常の発泡樹脂板状断熱材は３０倍以上６０倍の高発泡品であるため熔融後、熱板を冷却しなくても熔融された樹脂は１／３０〜１／６０に減容されてスリットとなるため加熱状態のまま冷却せず離型できるので、金型の加熱冷却が不要で、成形性と経済性に優れる。
【００８１】
本発明の図９に示す、押出成形品、やブロック成形品から裁断されてなる、板状断熱材の上下面に 長辺側に沿って設けられたスリット先端が、膨出部を有し該膨出部内に、内包された遊嵌状態の棒状の断熱部を形成させると、膨出部は弾性エリアを増大させ、棒状の断熱部が、スリットの倒れこみを防止し、形態保持性が向上し、弾性劣化や、応力劣化が抑制され、スリット内の冷気通路を抑制するので断熱性が向上する。
【００８２】
本膨出部と、膨出部内に遊嵌状態の棒状の断熱部を形成させる方法は、例えば従来のニクロムカット機と同様に、板状断熱材の 長辺側と平行させたニクロム熱線等を、発泡樹脂の熔融温度以上に加熱して、 長辺側に緊張させて張設して、例えば、スリットを形成させる方向に下降させながら膨出部の外周に沿って熱線を２次元に移動させて膨出部の外周を熔融させ熱線を上昇、引き抜くことにより、熱線で熔融されずに残存した棒状断熱部が遊嵌状態で残り、膨出部内に内包させたスリットが形成されるのである。
【００８３】
本発明の図１０に示す板状断熱材は、 長辺側の側面に沿って設けられる、スリットを蛇行させて形成されることによって、長辺に沿って形成されるスリット全長が長くなり、弾性や応力の発生エリアが増大し、弾性劣化や応力劣化が抑制され、蛇行することで、同じ深さのスリットでも形態保持性が改善され、首折れがし難くなり、嵌挿作業性が大幅に改善される。スリットが蛇行することでスリット内の冷気の流れが抑制され、任意な位置に前記した不連続部を設けると、さらに効果は向上する。
【００８４】
蛇行の形態は、円弧上でも、直線のジグザグ線状でも、これらの組合せでも、不定形でも良く、本発明の効果が発揮される蛇行形態であれば特に限定するものではない。また、従来の非蛇行のスリットとの組み合わせも可能である。又、蛇行の度合いを大きくすることによって短辺側と長辺側の２軸方向の弾性が付与され、形態保持性や嵌挿作業性が向上し、断熱材間等の嵌挿、接続部の隙間発生が抑制される。
【００８５】
型内成形法で、蛇行スリットを形成させる方法は、従来金型の改造によっても可能で、例えば、直線スリット成形駒に替え、蛇行スリットの成形駒とすればよく、不連続部を設けるには、蛇行スリット成形駒を櫛状にすることでなされる。押出成形品やブロック成形品から裁断させてなる板状断熱材に蛇行スリットや不連続部を形成させる方法は、前記した発泡樹脂の溶融温度以上に加熱できる構造で、成形目的に応じた形状の熱板を用い発泡樹脂を熔融させながら押し込み、その後、離型する方法によって行う。
【００８６】
本発明の図１１（ａ）に示す、板状断熱材の長辺側や短辺側と非平行としたスリットを設けることにより、従来公知な長さ方向と平行にのみ設けられた平行スリットの課題が解決される。すなわち、断熱性が向上し、非平行なスリットを互いに交差させることにより、さらに、弾性発生方向や応力発生方向が変わり、交差の形態によって、２軸方向の弾性も発現でき、弾性劣化や応力劣化が抑制され形態保持性も向上する。
【００８７】
また、交差するスリットが、例えば、図１１（ｂ）の対角線方向で桝掛け状とした場合、弾性方向を、長辺側と短辺側の２軸方向とすることが可能となり嵌挿作業性が向上し、嵌挿、接続部の隙間を抑制することが出来る。
【００８８】
また、本発明の図１５の板状断熱材の長辺側の側面に沿って、縦断して設けられるスリットと、該スリットと交差する、長辺から短辺を横断する交差スリットを設けることにより、従来公知の長さ方向にのみ設けられた平行スリットの課題が解決される。すなわち、弾性力は、長辺と短辺と平行な方向に加えて、対角方向に弾性が付与され、短辺側や長辺側や角方向の、３軸方向に弾性が確保されるため、嵌挿作業性が向上し、４辺や角部の嵌挿、接続部の隙間を抑制することができる。
【００８９】
又、別の図１４の本発明の板状断熱材は、長辺側、及び、短辺側の板状断熱材の全周面に沿って、連続してスリットを設け、それと交差する補助スリットを設けると、短辺、長辺、対角の３軸方向に弾性が付与され、嵌挿作業や隙間の閉止性が向上する。本発明の板状断熱材は、型内成形によって容易に成形でき不連続部を形成させることにより、さらに、長期に安定した断熱性が得られる。
【００９０】
本発明の板状断熱材に用いられる発泡合成樹脂としては、例えば、発泡ポリスチレン樹脂、発泡ポリプロピレン樹脂、発泡ポリウレタン樹脂、発泡塩化ビニール樹脂、発泡ポリエチレン樹脂等が上げられるが、適度な剛性を有し断熱性、耐水性、緩衝性に優れ形態保持製に優れている点で、型内成型発泡ポリスチレン樹脂や押出成型発泡ポリスチレン樹脂が好ましいが、特に限定するものではない。
【００９１】
本発明の別の断熱構造は、大引きや根太や胴縁等の構造材の片側、又は、両側に、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部を設けたり、大引きや根太や胴縁等の構造材の内側に、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部とするスペーサーを設けたり、大引きや根太や胴縁等の構造材の高さを、板状断熱材の厚さと同寸法として、板状断熱材の裏面側に板状断熱材を支える支承構造材を設けることにより、板状断熱材の天面と、構造材の頂面を略面一とすることにより、構造材間と板状断熱材の隙間や仕上げ材との間の隙間を形成させないので、長期に安定した断熱構造が形成されるのである。
【００９２】
これらの方法により、板状断熱材受け部を構造材側に設けるために、構造材の片面や両面を削る方法や、板状断熱材と同厚さと同等するために、薄い厚さの構造材を採用するに際しては、建造物の強度が低下させないよう、使用する構造材の形状に合わせた構造設計を行うことは当然である。また、板状断熱材厚みを断熱基準の厚みより大きくして構造材の厚みと同等寸法とし面一とする方法は隙間の閉止に効果があり本発明に属する。
【００９３】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づき、更に、詳細に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例にのみ、限定されるものではない。又、断熱構造の説明（含む図面）は、主として、根太間に嵌挿した断熱構造例を中心に行うが、大引き間や間柱間等であっても嵌挿空間寸法が大である以外は、構成は、ほぼ同等であり、これら構造部材の全てを含むことは当然である。
【００９４】
実施例１
本発明の板状断熱材１を用いた断熱構造の実施例であって、図１（ａ）は、床部の断熱構造例である。板状断熱材１の長辺側面の全面に亘って翼部を有する形態保持性のある全長嵌挿部材２０ａを設けたものと板状断熱材１の長辺側面に部分的に部分嵌挿部材２０ｂを設けたものを根太５１間に嵌挿させ、水平に懸架させ板状断熱材１の天面と構造材である根太５１の頂面８０とを略面一として仕上げ材である床板を配設し、隙間のない断熱ラインが形成させる構造を表している。図１（ｂ）は、壁部の断熱構造例である。板状断熱材１の長辺側面に全長に全長嵌挿部材２０ａを設けたものと板状断熱材１の長辺側面に部分的に部分嵌挿部材２０ｂを設けたものを胴縁５６間に嵌挿させて懸架させ、板状断熱材１の天面と構造材である胴縁５６の頂面８０とを略面一として仕上げ材である壁板を配設して隙間のない断熱ラインを形成した構造を表している。
【００９５】
この断熱構造に用いる板状断熱材１としては、長辺側に平行な方向に弾性のある１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａ（図２等参照）や短辺と長辺に弾性のある２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂ（図１３（ａ）や短辺と長辺と角方向に弾性のある３軸弾性板状断熱材１ｃ（図１４（ａ）や硬質発泡樹脂を板状に裁断しただけの無弾性板状断熱材１ｄ（図４）（図１６）等参照）や市販のサニーライト等の柔軟性のある板状断熱材も適用され得る。
【００９６】
実施例２
本実施例の図２は、翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材を設けてなる１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａに嵌挿部材２０を両側面に設けた実施例である。図２（ａ）はその１例の短辺側の側面図を表す。嵌挿部材２０は、板状断熱材側面に折り曲げて略収納されており、構造材頂面に仮架させ、構造材間に嵌挿することにより翼部が水平に展開して、懸架される。構造材と１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの側面との間に隙間が生じた場合には、更に、翼部を水平方向に拡設させることにより、１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの弾性スリット２が広がり、構造材間の隙間が閉止されることが可能な構造を示している。図２（ｂ）は、弾性スリット２が上下面に付形された１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの全長に全長嵌挿部材２０ａを設けた実施例の斜視図であって、構造材間に嵌挿されることにより翼部が展開し水平に懸架され、翼部がシーリング材の機能を発揮すると共に、翼部を拡設することが可能な構造を表している。
【００９７】
図２（ｃ）は、型内成形にて上下面に付形された型内成形スリット２ａに、
不連続部２ｆを設けた１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａに部分的に部分嵌挿部材２０ｂを設けた実施例の斜視図であって、構造材間に嵌挿されることにより翼部が展開し水平に懸架され、更に、拡設することが可能な構造を示している。図２（ｄ）は、図２（ｃ）の一部拡大平面図である。この不連続部２ｆを設けることにより弾性力や応力が付加増大され形態保持性が大幅に向上する。型内成形で付形された型内成形スリット２ａと不連続部２ｆの界面が平面凹状のものと球面凹状のものとＶ字凹状を表している。本発明のスリット幅は、特に限定するものではなく、１ｍｍ幅から５ｍｍ幅を目安に、スリットの条数や板状断熱材の長さや幅や厚さや形状によって、適宜選定されれば良い。
【００９８】
実施例３
本実施例の図３は、シート材を折り曲げてヒンジ部３０とした嵌挿部材を設けた１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの実施例であって、その複数枚の板状断熱材１ａの梱包状態から、開梱して、構造材頂面に仮架させ、展開し懸架し構造材間への嵌挿を完了させ、構造材である根太５１と１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａ上へ仕上げ材を敷設する完成工程の流れを表している。
【００９９】
すなわち、図３（ａ）は、ヒンジ部３０で折り曲げられて略収納されたシート材からなる嵌挿部材２０を長辺側面に接着法で取り付けた１軸弾性板状断熱材が積層され、嵩張らず、取り出しやすく、嵌挿部材が損傷されないように梱包材７０で梱包されている。図３（ｂ）は、構造材の頂面に嵌挿部材２０の翼部の先端を仮架させて板状断熱材を押し込むことで翼部が展開される状態を表している。図３（ｃ）は、根太５１の頂面に略面一に懸架された１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａとで形成された断熱ライン上に仕上げ材である床材６１を隙間なく敷設した断熱構造を示している。この構成で、大引き間に板状断熱材を配設する場合も本図と類似するが、断熱材幅や長さが例えば９１０ｍｍ×１８２０ｍｍとなり、断熱材の中心部にたるみが出やすいため翼部を拡設してたるみを除いたり、断熱材の天面の適所に両面テープ等の接着層を設けて（図示せず）仕上げ材の下面と接着一体化することも効果があり、又、本断熱構造を完成後、床下側から断熱材を仕上げ材に釘等（図示せず）で打ち付けて、たるみを除くことも効果的で、本発明に属する。
【０１００】
実施例４
図４は、弾性スリットのない押出し発泡ポリスチレン品や、型内成形品のブロック成形品を所定の寸法に裁断した無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの天面の 長辺側の少なくとも両端面に、嵌挿部材２０を取り付けた構造例である。図４（ａ）は、無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの 長辺側の両端面に熱融着させて嵌挿部材２０を設けた 短辺側の断面図である。図４（ｂ）は、図４（ａ）の斜視図で、翼部の展開し、懸架する形態の実施例を表している。図４（ｃ）は、無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの天面の全面を覆う状態に嵌挿部材２０ａを設けて、展開し、懸架する実施例を現している。本実施例は、嵌挿部材２０のシート材の取付がミシン糸４０で縫い合わされており、安価で確実に翼部が係止できる。又、シートを天面全面に設けミシンの縫い目を増やすことで板状断熱材の曲げ強度を向上できるので大寸法の板状断熱材として、大引きや間柱間に嵌挿する場合に適する。図４の実施例は、大引き間に嵌挿する大寸法の板状断熱材の構成としても望ましいが、根太間のものであっても有効で、無弾性板状断熱材と構造材の隙間を懸架したシート材がシール材を兼ね望ましい断熱構造が得られる。
【０１０１】
又、本実施例の別の対応として、板状押し出し硬質ポリウレタンを無弾性板状断熱材１ｄとして用い、押し出し時の方面に熱ラミネーション（熱接着）される台紙を用いて、本発明の、形態保持製のあるシート材とし、両翼部となる幅のポリウレタン樹脂を除去することによって台紙を露出させ、この台紙を嵌挿部材２０としてその両端を翼部として、嵌挿方向に折り曲げることにより、本発明の構成とし、構造材上に仮架して、展開し、懸架する方法も、本発明の範疇である。本実施例の展開し懸架した形態は、図４（ｃ）と同等で、出荷される梱包荷姿と商品形態は、図３（ａ）と類似する。本実施例における、台紙を嵌挿部材２０の基材とする翼部を折り曲げず、短辺側台紙の翼部を張り出したままの商品形態は、輸送中に翼が折れ曲がり、損傷し、現場施工性が低下し、輸送コストアップとなり、本発明の構成とも異なるため、本発明には属さない。
【０１０２】
図５（ａ）は、無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを用いた実施例である。スリットを形成させていない無弾性板状断熱材の長辺側面に別の幅狭の無弾性板状断熱材を隣接して配した３片からなる無弾性板状断熱材１ｄとシート材からなる嵌挿部材２０とを接着剤で一体化させた無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの実施例である。本構成とすると無弾性板状断熱材１ｄであっても翼部を拡設することにより３片の隣接部が嵌挿部材２０との接着面で開脚し構造材間に生じた隙間を閉止することが出来る構造となりスリットを付与した板状断熱材と同等の性能が発揮されるので板状断熱材のコストが低減される。
【０１０３】
図４（ｃ）は、３片からなる無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの嵌挿部材２０の翼部の先端を根太５１の頂面に仮架して翼部を展開させてゆく工程を示している。図４（ｄ）は、３片からなる無弾性板状断熱材１ｄが根太５１の頂面と略面一で懸架され、構造材間に生じた隙間を閉止するため翼部を拡設させて無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを拡張させた状態を示している。係止は、翼部を釘やピンや接着剤等で止着し、仕上げ材を敷設して断熱構造が構築される。
【０１０４】
実施例６
図６は、嵌挿部材２０のヒンジ部の構造例とその水平懸架状態とスリットの長辺側の任意な位置に設けられるスリットの断面方向から見た不連続部２ｆの構造を表すものである。図６（ａ）は、シート材を用いた折り曲げヒンジ３０ａの嵌挿前の略収納された状態と水平に懸架された状態での翼部の拡設方向を表している。そして、不連続部２ｆはスリットの深さと同高さの不連続部２ｆの構造を表している。尚、嵌挿部材２０は長辺側面に接着材３０ｅで係止されている。
【０１０５】
図６（ｂ）は、天面に添着されたシート材を用いた切溝ヒンジ３０ｂの略収納した状態と、水平に懸架された状態での翼部の拡設方向を表している。嵌挿部材２０は、板状断熱材天面に接着剤３０ｅで係止されている。不連続部２ｆはスリットの深さに対し概１／２の高さである例の不連続部２ｆの構造を表している。図６（ｃ）は、射出成型のシート材からなる嵌挿部材２０にＶ字型ヒンジを設けて略収納された状態と水平に懸架された状態での翼部の拡設方向を表している。不連続部２ｆはスリットの深さに対と概１／３の高さである不連続部２ｆの構造を表している。取り付けは射出成型シートに設けられた差込逆止部２０ｇにより板状断熱材の長辺側面に差し込んで係止されている。
【０１０６】
実施例７
図７は、部分嵌挿部材２０ｂの構造例であって、図７（ａ）は、射出成型品からなる挟み込み型嵌挿部材２０ｅを示す。板状断熱材１を上下に挟み込むようにコの字状に曲折させた挟み込み部２０ｈを接着剤３０ｅで装着させている。この嵌挿部材２０ｅの翼部は、射出成型ヒンジ３０ｃを有し、一方は略収納の状態を示し他の一方は天面に平行な方向に展開された懸架の状態を表している。図７（ｂ）は、射出成型シート材を短冊状に切断した部分嵌挿部材２０ｂで剥離紙を介して接着層３０ｅを形成させた例を示し、工場でも施工現場でも板状断熱材１の長辺側の側面の適所箇所に接着係止できる。
【０１０７】
実施例８
図８は、差込型部分嵌挿部材２０ｃの構造例であって、図８（ａ）は、射出成型品からなる射出成形ヒンジ３０ｃを設けた翼部と板状断熱材に差し込み係止する差し込み逆止部２０ｇと拡設時の係止穴４０ａを設けた差込型部分嵌挿部材２０の翼部で懸架している状態の斜視図である。板状断熱材への固定は差し込み逆支部２０ｇで板状断熱材に係止されて翼部の拡設時にも脱落することはない。翼部は射出成型ヒンジ３０ｃで収納、展開、懸架を可能としている。図８（ｂ）は、差込型部分嵌挿部材２０ｃの取付断面図で板状断熱材１の側面に差込逆止部２０ｇで係止し型内成型スリット２ａに水平方向の差込逆止部２０ｇを差込み水平方向の拡設力を確保させ、根太５１に釘４０ｂ等で係止される。上記した部分嵌挿部材２０の構造は嵌挿部材に必要な、収納、仮架、展開、水平懸架、拡設の各機能が発揮される構造であれば良く本実施例に制限されるものではない。
【０１０８】
実施例９
本実施例の図９は、押出成形品やブロック成形品から裁断されてなる１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの実施例であって、板状断熱材を 長辺側に開口して設けられるスリットは、熱線溶融スリット２ｂで形成され、スリット２ｄの先端部に膨出部２ｃを設けて膨出部２ｃ内に遊嵌状態の棒状板状断熱材２ｅを内包させた実施例である。図９（ａ）は、棒状板状断熱材２ｅが杓子状のものである。図９（ｂ）は、棒状板状断熱材２ｅが円筒状のものである。これらの形状は、熱線スリット２ｂを、本図の形状に、２次元のカット軌跡に倣って動かし形成され、カット軌跡を変更させることにより形状は任意に選定できる。図９（ｃ）は、図９（ｂ）の類似形状である１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの斜視図である。
【０１０９】
実施例１０
図１０は、板状断熱材の長辺側面に沿って形成させるスリットを、平面上で円弧状に蛇行させることによりなされる、２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂの構造例であって、図１０（ａ）は、２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂの蛇行スリットの先端部を円形とした断面構造を表している。スリットの平面から見た形状は、特に限定しないが、円形とすると弾性劣化が抑制され望ましい。図９（ｂ）は、型内成型スリット２ａの蛇行例を表す平面図で、蛇行の形状や、振幅により２軸方向の弾性を発現させることが出来る。蛇行形状は、円弧状でも、直線の屈曲線状でも、不定形に蛇行してもよく、現行の直線のスリットと併用しても良く、特に限定するものではなく、下面や上面のいずれか一方又は両面に形成され、上下のスリットが短絡し断熱材に貫通穴を形成させないことが必要で、蛇行させる形状によって１軸方向の弾性や２軸方向の弾性を発現させることが可能で適宜選択される。
【０１１０】
実施例１１
図１１は、板状断熱材の長辺側や、短辺側と、非平行のスリットを設けた実施例であって、図１１（ａ）は、１軸弾性板状断熱材１ａの長辺と短辺に非平行な熱線の熱熔融スリット２ｂを長辺に傾斜させて設けることにより、従来の平行なスリットに比して短辺側の押し込み力に対し、弾性力や応力の発生方向に捻りが生じて、そりや曲がりが抑制でき弾性劣化や応力劣化が抑制される。図１１（ｂ）は、２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂの対角線上に相互交差する型内成型スリット２ａを設けて２軸方向の弾性を付加したもので相互交差するスリットの交差部には不連続部２ｆを設けて板状断熱材の上下面のスリットが短絡し貫通穴を形成させないことが重要で、上下のスリットを短絡させない不連続部２ｆを設けることにより形態保持性が増し弾性劣化や応力劣化が抑制される。
【０１１１】
実施例１２
図１２は、蛇行スリットを 短辺側と 長辺側に沿って設けた２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂの実施例であって、図１２（ａ）は、長辺側に平行して蛇行する表スリット３ａと、裏スリット３ｂと、天面に平行な方向に平行して蛇行する表交差スリット３ｃと、裏交差スリット３ｄを設けて、２軸方向の弾性を付与している。さらに、長辺側と平行な表補助スリット４ａと裏補助スリット４ｂを形成させれば、短辺側の弾性が付加されるが、これらの補助スリットは必要に応じ適宜選択すればよい。図１１（ｂ）は図１１（ａ）のＡ断面図である。図１１（ｂ）は図１１（ａ）のＢ断面図である。各スリットの交差部には不連続部２ｆを設けて、上下面の交差部のスリット深さを浅くしスリット相互が短絡し断熱材に貫通穴を形成させない構造例を示している。
【０１１２】
実施例１３
図１３は、２軸弾性板状断熱材１ｂの別の実施例であって、図１３（ａ）は、長辺側に平行なスリット３ａと裏スリット３ｂと天面に平行な方向に平行な表交差スリット３ｃと裏交差スリット３ｄを形成させることにより長辺側と短辺側に平行な方向に弾性が発現でき嵌挿作業性と隙間の閉止性が向上する。
図１３（ｂ）は、図１３（ａ）のＡ断面図で各スリットの交差部は不連続部２ｆ（図示せず）を設けたり、相互にスリット深さを浅くすることにより上下面のスリットが短絡し貫通穴を形成させないようにする断面構造を表している。
【０１１３】
実施例１４
図１４は、型内成形によってなされる３軸弾性板状断熱材１ｃの実施例であって、図１４（ａ）は、板状断熱材の外周辺に沿って環状に形成される表スリット３ａと、裏スリット３ｂと、角部に形成する角部スリット、詳しくは、角部表スリット３ｅと、角部裏スリット３ｆと、これに交差する方向に表交差スリット３ｃと裏交差スリット３ｄを設けることにより、３軸方向の弾性が付与されるのである。尚、本発明では、主として、弾性付与に作用する環状スリット３ａ、３ｂに比し、補助的な弾性付与作用を有する、交差スリット３ｃ、３ｄを補助スリットとも称する。図１４（ｂ）は、図１４（ａ）のＡ断面で表裏のスリットが交差し、短絡して断熱材に貫通穴を形成させないようにスリットの交差部を相互に浅くしたり不連続部２ｆ（図示せず）を設ける等がなされている。図１４（ｂ）は、図の左半分は交差裏スリット３ｄ部分を表し、図の右半分は表交差スリット３ｃ部分を表わしている。
【０１１４】
実施例１５
図１５は、３軸弾性板状断熱材１ｃのスリット構造の実施例であって、図１５（ａ）は、板状断熱材の長辺と短辺の側面に沿って、板状断熱材の上下面の両面を縦断して設けられる表スリット３ａと裏スリット３ｂと表交差スリット３ｃと裏交差スリット３ｆと長辺側面から短辺側面に斜めに横断する角表交差スリット３ｅと角裏交差スリット３ｆを設けることで３軸方向の弾性が付与される。図１５（ｂ）は、図１５（ａ）のＡ断面図で、表スリットと、裏スリットが短絡して、貫通孔が形成されると冷気が通過し熱欠損となるので、これを防止するために、交差部には、不連続部２ｆ（図示せず）を設けたり、上下面のスリット深さを相互に浅くした断面構造を示している。
【０１１５】
実施例１６
図１６は、構造材によって形成される板状断熱材の嵌挿構造や構造材に板状断熱材の受け部を設ける等の構造材によってなされる断熱構造の実施例であって、図１６（ａ）の断熱構造は、予め板状断熱材を構造材間に嵌挿する部位に嵌挿する無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの厚さと同寸法の板状断熱材受け部を設けた削り込み根太５９を大引き５０上に配設して無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを嵌挿させることによって削り込み根太５９の頂面８０と無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの天面が面一とすることによって長期に安定した断熱構造が形成されるのである。
【０１１６】
図１６（ｂ）の断熱構造は、予め形成させたスペーサー付き根太６２を板状断熱材の嵌挿幅を設けて大引き５０上に配設して無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを嵌挿させることでスペーサー付き根太６２の頂面８０と無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの天面を面一とすることにより欠陥のない断熱構造が形成されるのである。図１６（ｃ）の断熱構造は、根太の高さを無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの厚さと同寸法とした板状断熱材同厚根太６１を用いた実施例であって、板状断熱材同厚根太６１を無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの嵌挿幅で大引き５０上に配設して無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを嵌挿させることによって板状断熱材同厚根太６１の頂面８０と無弾性板状断熱材１ｄの天面は面一となり長期に安定した断熱構造が形成される。
【０１１７】
本構造において、必要に応じて板状断熱材の強度等によって板状断熱材が 長辺側に浪打が懸念される場合は板状断熱材の裏面側に支承構造材８１を設けることもできる。上記した図１６に係わる断熱構造に用いる板状断熱材は、無弾性板状断熱材１ｄに限定するものではなく他の弾性が付与された各種の板状断熱材でもよく何ら制限するものではないが、最もコスト面で有利な押出し成形品型やブロック成形品から所定の寸法に裁断されただけの無弾性板状断熱材を採用することが好ましい。
【０１１８】
実施例１７
図１７は、構造材の構造面から断熱性を向上させる断熱構造の実施例であって、図１７（ａ）は、床部の断熱構造例で、板状断熱材同厚根太６１とその下面側に支承構造材５８を配設して無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを嵌挿させたものできわめて安価で簡単な構造で長期に安定した断熱構造が得られる。図１７（ｂ）は、壁部の断熱構造例で、板状断熱材同厚胴縁５７とその裏側に支承構造材５８を配設して無弾性板状断熱材１ｄを嵌挿させたもので、きわめて安価で簡単な構造で長期に安定した断熱構造が得られる。板状断熱材は、無弾性板状断熱材１ｄ以外では１軸弾性板状断熱材でも２軸弾性板状断熱材でも３軸弾性板状断熱材であっても又、嵌挿部材２０を設ける必要もなく、断熱性やコスト面や施工性や長期安定性から無弾性板状断熱材が最も好ましい。
【０１１９】
【発明の効果】
叙上のとおり、本発明は、木造建造物の大引きや間柱や根太や胴縁や天井垂木等の構造材間に嵌挿される板状断熱材の側面又は、天面の両端面の全長、又は、部分に、構造材の頂面で、展開し、懸架することが可能な翼部を有する形態保持性のある嵌挿部材を設け、その翼部を嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で、構造材間に嵌挿し、該翼部を板状断熱材の天面に平行な方向に展開して板状断熱材の天面と構造材の頂面を略面一に懸架する。こうすることにより、構造材と板状断熱材の隙間が有効に閉止でき、更に経時に伴う劣化隙間や板状断熱材のずれや脱落も防止される。その結果、安定した断熱ラインが確保され、この構造材の頂面と断熱材の天面で構成される断熱ライン上に設けられる仕上げ材と板状断熱材との配設隙間も抑制、閉止されるので断熱性が低下するトラブルが顕著に防止され、高断熱、高気密住宅の従来の欠点が解消されるのである。
【０１２０】
又、形態保持性のある翼部は、嵌挿方向に折り曲げた状態で構造材頂面に仮架し嵌挿すれば、翼部が展開されて構造材間に略面一に懸架されるので、嵌挿作業性が向上する。このように、構造材間の断熱ラインがきわめて良好に配設されるので、その断熱ライン上に敷設される仕上げ材との隙間防止措置も簡略化され、作業効率が高められるのである。
【０１２１】
また、本発明の板状断熱材に弾性を付与するために設けられる溝筋状の弾性スリットは、任意な位置にスリット深さと同等ないしはそれ以下の不連続部を設けたり、スリットの先端の膨出部に棒状板状断熱材を形成させる等により、板状断熱材は、 短辺側の首折れ等が抑制され、垂れ下がったり反ったりすることなく、板状断熱材の形態保持性が向上するので、嵌挿作業性が向上し、弾性劣化や応力劣化も抑制でき、スリット内の冷気通路も遮断されるので、安定した断熱性が発揮される。
【０１２２】
又、本発明のスリットは蛇行させたり、非平行とすることにより、弾性の発生構造が改善され形態保持性も向上するので嵌挿作業性が向上し、弾性劣化、応力劣化が発生し難く、スリット内の冷気の流通も抑制され断熱性が高められる。
【０１２３】
さらに、本発明の板状断熱材に設けられるスリットを交差させたり、補助的な弾性付与作用のある補助スリットや角部スリットや環状スリット等を適宜選定することによって、従来の１軸方向のみに弾性を有する板状断熱材に、更に、２軸方向や３軸方向の弾性を発現させることが可能となる。よって、本発明の１軸弾性板状断熱材や２軸弾性板状断熱材や３軸弾性板状断熱材は、構造材間に嵌挿しやすく、構造材間にできる板状断熱材との隙間の閉止や長さ方向に連接して嵌挿する際に生じる板状断熱材の連接隙間や連接角の隙間を抑制するので断熱性が向上する。
【０１２４】
本発明の構造材の断熱構造である、構造材の嵌挿部位を削り込み板状断熱材受け部を設けた削りこみ根太等の構造材による断熱構造や、板状断熱材の厚さと構造材の頂面を同一にするスペーサーを構造材に設ける断熱構造や、板状断熱材厚さと同高さの構造材とする断熱構造にあっては、これらの構造材間に嵌挿させる板状断熱材は、嵌挿部材を装着させた板状断熱材や各種の弾性スリットを設けた板状断熱材を採用しなくても長期に安定した断熱性が確保でき、又、押出成形品やブロック成形品を裁断しただけの安価な無弾性板状断熱材を嵌挿するだけで構造材の頂面と略面一にすることができ、構造材間の隙間も無くすることができ現場の断熱施工性も向上する。
【０１２５】
前記した本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材や各種のスリットや不連続部等を設けてなる板状断熱材や、建造物の構造材の構成によってなされる断熱構造等は、それぞれ単独で採用することによって高い断熱性や優れた施工性が確保され、従来の１軸弾性板状断熱材との組み合わせもその効果は高く、これらは、本発明に含まれるが、更に、これらを相互にそれぞれ組み合わせて採用することにより、より一層優れた断熱性や施工性が大幅に向上する。また、予め断熱パネルを形成し配設されるパネル工法に用いる板状断熱材に替え、本発明の各種のスリットや不連続部を設けた板状断熱材を採用することにより、さらに、高い断熱構造が形成されるのである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の断熱構造の一実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図２】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す側面図と斜視図である。
【図３】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図４】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図５】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図６】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図７】本発明の嵌挿部材を設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す側面図と平面図である。
【図８】本発明の板状断熱材の一実施例を示す側面図と平面図である。
【図９】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す側面図と平面図である。
【図１０】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す平面図である。
【図１１】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す平面図と断面図である。
【図１２】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の実施例を示す平面図と断面図である。
【図１３】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示すと平面図と断面図である。
【図１４】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す平面図と断面図である。
【図１５】本発明の弾性スリットを設けてなる板状断熱材の一実施例を示す平面図と断面図である。
【図１６】本発明の断熱構造の一実施例を示す断面図である。
【図１７】本発明の断熱構造の一実施例を示す断面図である
【符号の説明】
１ 板状断熱材
１ａ １軸弾性板状断熱材
１ｂ ２軸弾性板状断熱材
１ｃ ３軸弾性板状断熱材
１ｄ 無弾性板状断熱材
２ 弾性スリット
２ａ 型内成型スリット
２ｂ 熱線溶融スリット
２ｆ 不連続部
２０ 嵌挿部材
２０ａ 全長嵌挿部材
２０ｂ 部分嵌挿部材
２０ｃ 差込型嵌挿部材
２０ｅ 挟み込み嵌挿部材
３０ ヒンジ部
３０ａ 折り曲げヒンジ
３０ｂ 切り溝ヒンジ
３０ｃ 射出成型ヒンジ
５０ 大引き
５１ 根太
５６ 胴縁
６０ 床板
８０ 頂面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a plate-like heat insulating material (hereinafter referred to as a plate-like heat insulating material or each designation) used for various insulating panels such as floors, walls, roofs, etc. in buildings, particularly wooden structures and steel structures. It may be referred to as a plate-like heat insulating material or a heat insulating material), and further relates to a heat insulating structure of a building using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The heat insulation structure provided on the indoor side and the outdoor side in buildings such as detached houses is between floors, walls, ceilings, and other structural materials such as large pulls, studs, joists, and trunk edges. A hard plate-like heat insulating material such as polystyrene-based foamed resin is inserted and arranged to form a heat insulating line that becomes the foundation layer of the heat insulating structure, and the top surface is a finishing material such as a floor plate, wall plate, ceiling material, etc. It is constructed by arranging. Usually, a large draw, a stud, and a pillar, which form the framework of a house, are called structural materials, and joists, trunk edges, rafters, etc. are called structural base materials, but there is confusion in explaining the heat insulating structure of the present invention. In order to avoid this, in the present invention, a general term for these pulls, studs, pillars, joists, trunk edges, rafters, and the like is referred to as a structural material. In addition, although floor boards, wall boards, ceiling boards, and surface materials such as structural veneers provided in these foundation layers are referred to as foundation materials, in order to avoid confusion in the description of the heat insulation structure of the present invention, Now, the floor board, the wall board, the ceiling board, and the base material provided in these base layers will be referred to as finishing materials.
[0003]
The plate-shaped heat insulating material is mainly formed by cutting a molded product formed in-mold, an extrusion-molded product, or an in-mold block molded product into the size of the plate-shaped heat insulating material to be inserted between structural materials. It is done. What is important in the heat insulation structure using these is to eliminate as much as possible the insertion gap between the plate-like heat insulating material and the structural material such as large pulls, studs and joists, and further, a structure having a size larger than the thickness of the plate heat insulating material Insulation line so that the top surface of the structural material and the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material are substantially flush with each other so that the plate-shaped heat insulating material does not slip, tilt, or slash between the materials. Is ensured, and a finishing material is disposed to eliminate a gap space inside the finishing material. For this reason, for example, a plate-shaped heat insulating material bracket is attached in advance to the top surface of a structural material such as a large draw, joist, or torso edge on the indoor side or outdoor side that becomes a heat insulation line, or plate-like heat insulation Along the long side of the material, slits (slit groove-shaped recesses) are provided to add elasticity to give elasticity to the plate-like heat insulating material, making it easy to insert, thin film on the plate-like heat insulating material, etc. Various heat-insulating structures are adopted, such as laying and laying the hanging materials.
[0004]
For example, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 and the like, it is described that a bracket is attached in advance to a structural material such as joists, and a plate-like heat insulating material is placed on the metal bracket protruding from the structural material. Yes. Further, a method is disclosed in which a mounting bracket is inserted and fixed in advance on a side surface of a plate-like heat insulating material and then disposed on a structural material (see Patent Document 3).
[0005]
In addition, as another method, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 and the like include slits (hereinafter referred to as elastic slits or individual slits) on the top surface, one surface of the bottom surface, or both surfaces along the longitudinal side surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material. In some cases, a slit having a name is formed to give elasticity in the width direction of the plate-like heat insulating material, and the structural material is held and fixed by an elastic force.
[0006]
Further, as another method of this kind, Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8 describe that the longitudinal side surfaces of a plurality of plate-like heat insulating materials are previously connected with a suspended connecting material such as a flexible film. A method of connecting them at equal intervals and suspending them between structural materials has been proposed. In addition, a flexible thin film with a width dimension protruding in an ear shape along the long side surface is integrated with the top surface of each plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the ear-shaped film is spread on the top surface of the structure, A method of suspending a cylindrical heat insulating material (Sunny Light: manufactured by Asahi Kasei and similar to a hard heat insulating material in the present invention) has also been proposed. In addition, as a method of forming another heat insulation line, a panel construction method is adopted in which a heat insulation panel in which a plate-like heat insulation material is pasted on the back surface of a finishing material is formed and carried in advance at a factory and disposed on a structural material. ing.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-54645
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-171029
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 01-48957
[Patent Document 4] Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 11-220489
[Patent Document 5] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-184903
[Patent Document 6] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-147938
[Patent Document 7] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 54-177706
[Patent Document 8] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-43435
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the configurations of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, insertion is performed due to various precisions and errors such as the accuracy of the receiving metal fittings, the accuracy of the plate-like heat insulating material, the accuracy of the structural material, the construction accuracy, and warpage and looseness. A gap is generated between the plate-shaped heat insulating material and the structural material or finishing material, resulting in a heat insulation defect. In addition, it is a two-step operation in which a metal plate is attached to a structural material in advance and then a plate-like heat insulating material is placed thereon, which is cumbersome and increases man-hours and costs. In addition, in the method of Patent Document 3, a fixture is inserted in advance at an appropriate position on the side surface of each plate-like heat insulating material at the site, and is fitted and inserted as a plate-like heat insulating material with an ear-shaped portion. There are disadvantages such as errors and inclinations easily occurring and the fixtures are easily detached. The disadvantage of these methods is that when the plate-like heat insulating material is smaller than the dimensions between the structural materials, a gap is formed, but the above-mentioned receiving metal fittings and mounting brackets have a plate-like heat insulating material width for closing the generated gap. There is no function for expanding the wall, and it is easy to drop off on the vertical surface of the wall or the lower surface of the ceiling.
[0009]
In the methods of Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5, a plurality of slits are provided on the upper and lower surfaces along the longitudinal side surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material, and elasticity is applied in the width direction of the plate-shaped heat insulating material. It is configured to facilitate insertion and insertion between the materials, and to hold and fix the structural materials and prevent gaps by the elastic force of the plate-like heat insulating material. These slits are normally opened on both the upper and lower surfaces at a depth of approximately ½ or more of the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material and longitudinally cut in the length direction. For this reason, it is easy to bend in the direction parallel to the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material, and it is easy to warp and bend on both sides with a slight force. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to make the horizontality of the long-sided wave and to be substantially flush with the top surface of the structural material, resulting in the formation of an incomplete heat insulation line.
[0010]
In addition, since all stresses during and after insertion are concentrated on the connecting flesh at the bottom of the slit, elastic degradation and stress reduction occur in a short period of time, the slit width becomes narrower, the insulation material width decreases, and the structure There is a defect that a gap is generated between the material and the holding force is reduced, and the vibration is displaced from the top surface of the structural material by vibration and a gap is generated between the material and the finishing material. In addition, since the slit opening is bent and capped with a slight force at the time of insertion, there is a drawback that the elasticity is canceled out and the performance is equivalent to that of an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material without a slit. In order to correct these drawbacks, although it is used in combination with the above-mentioned metal fittings and the like, the complementary effect is small and the heat insulation line is incomplete.
[0011]
In addition, because the slit is processed along the long side surface, there is no elasticity except in the short side width direction, and the plate heat insulating material is continuously laid along the long side direction. There are connection gaps for each material, and at the end of the building, there are problems such as the plate-like insulation protruding, short, twisting, and corners not being able to be inserted, and so on. There is a problem with work such as cutting work and gap closing. In addition, since the slit is opened in a longitudinal direction on the long side, it is connected to the slits of other plate-like heat insulating materials connected one after another, and a continuous cold air path is formed to the end of the building. There is a problem that heat insulation and confidentiality deteriorate.
[0012]
In the proposals of Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7 and Patent Document 8 in which the plate-like heat insulating material is connected in advance with a hanging material such as a film, a long plate shape connected with a soft hanging material in a narrow construction site. It is extremely difficult to accurately lay the heat insulating material at a predetermined position between the structural materials, causing warping and twisting to each other, which hinders work. In addition, it is rare that the width of the suspended portion formed in advance and the width dimension of the structural material can be mutually fitted and suspended without slack, so that it is rarely possible to insert or suspend with sufficient margin. When it can be installed, it is a soft film material, the suspended plate-like heat insulating material hangs down, and a gap is formed between it and the finishing material.
[0013]
In addition, a plate-like heat insulating material in which a flexible thin film is projected in an ear shape along the long side of the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material is integrated into the top surface of the structural material each time. The film must be spread and fixed by hand, and it is thin, soft, and has no shape retention.Therefore, wrinkles and slack occur, and the top surface of the plate-shaped insulation and the top of the structural member It is difficult to make the surfaces uniform, and the film is easily wound together with the plate-like heat insulating material between the structural materials, and a gap is formed.
[0014]
In addition, when inserting plate-like insulation on the vertical surface of the wall or the lower surface of the ceiling, the thin film on both ears hangs down due to gravity, and the vertical surface of the structural material or the top surface facing downward of the ceiling, etc. It is extremely difficult to spread and lock the film, and the film is forcibly sandwiched with the finishing material without being flush, and a gap is generated. Although this film can be a thick film or sheet material, it is transported and stored because the thick film or sheet material extends horizontally in the form of both ears in a direction parallel to the top surface of the plate-like insulation. In addition, warping and deformation occur, merchantability is impaired, insertion work is difficult and uniformity is not ensured, and packaging and transportation volume and transportation cost are increased, and thus it has not been put into practical use.
[0015]
In order to form a heat-insulating line without defects, a panel construction method in which a thermal insulation panel in which a plate-like thermal insulation material is pasted on the back surface of a finishing material is prepared and disposed on a structural material has a panel supply system. Other than major house manufacturers, it is not possible to deal with, and conventional methods with many problems such as heat insulation defects are generally performed.
[0016]
Any of the above-described methods can be easily inserted and disposed between the structural materials without any gap between the plate-like heat insulating materials, and the top surface of the structural material and the plate-like heat insulating material are substantially flush with each other. Since it is incomplete, a gap between the structural material and the plate-like heat insulating material is likely to occur, and the surface is not sufficiently flush with the top surface of the structural material, and a gap is formed between the finishing material laid on this surface. These thermal insulation defects increase with time, and today, ensuring airtightness and thermal insulation of detached houses is an extremely important issue from the viewpoint of comfortable living and energy saving. The current situation is not yet satisfactory. Further, in recent years, there has been a demand for a streamlined construction method in which structural materials such as joists are omitted or are not omitted, and a plate-like heat insulating material is directly inserted between structural materials such as a large draw and a stud and a finishing material is disposed. ing. However, the space dimensions of the large drawing and the studs are larger than the space size between the joists and the width of the heat insulating material between the joists is about 250 mm to 450 mm, whereas in the case of the large drawing, for example, 910 mm × 1820 mm × 45 mm It is a large-sized plate-shaped heat insulating material, and it is difficult to arrange this on the top surface of the structural material. It has also happened that no progress has been made or that defects are implicitly tolerated.
[0017]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. Moreover, this invention solves the subject for inserting and inserting a heat insulating material between structural materials, ensuring high heat insulation property, regardless of whether it is a building having an outer heat insulating structure or an inner heat insulating structure. It was made for that purpose.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found a solution corresponding to the above-described problems of the prior art and have completed the present invention.
[0019]
That is, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention for achieving the above object is a plate-like heat insulating material inserted between structural materials, and both side surfaces on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material, or Deploy in the direction parallel to the top surface in a state where it is folded in the insertion direction between the structural materials at the full length or part of at least both ends on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material A plate-like heat insulating material provided with a shape-retaining fitting member having a wing that can be suspended.
[0020]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention includes the plate-like heat insulating material according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like heat insulating material is made of foamed synthetic resin.
[0021]
In the invention according to claim 3 of the present invention, in the state where the fitting member is deployed in a direction parallel to the top surface, the plate-like heat insulating material is suspended substantially flush between the structural members. The plate-like heat insulating material according to claim 1 or 2, which has a strength capable of being held.
[0022]
The invention according to claim 4 of the present invention includes the plate-like heat insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wing portion of the fitting member can be bent and expanded by a hinge portion. And
[0023]
The invention according to claim 5 of the present invention includes the plate-like heat insulating material according to claim 4, wherein the hinge portion has any one of a cut groove, a V-shaped cut groove, and a U-shaped cut groove.
[0024]
The invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that the fitting member is made of a flexible sheet-like material having a form-retaining property. Insulation material.
[0025]
The invention according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that the insertion member is made of an injection-molded sheet-like material made of synthetic resin. Is the content.
[0026]
The invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is such that the tip of the wing portion is the top surface of the structural material in a state where the fitting members provided on the long side sides or the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material are substantially bent. The wing portion is expanded following the insertion of the plate-shaped heat insulating material between the structural materials, and the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are substantially flush with each other, It is made to suspend between this structure material, The content is the heat insulation structure using the plate-shaped heat insulating material of any one of Claims 1-7 characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0027]
The invention according to claim 9 of the present invention is characterized in that one or more of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material, or one or more slits provided longitudinally along the side surface on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material. A plate-like heat insulating material characterized in that a discontinuous portion is provided at an arbitrary position.
[0028]
In the invention according to claim 10 of the present invention, either one of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material along the side surface on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material cut from the extrusion molded product or the block molded product, or both surfaces A plate-like heat insulating material characterized in that one or more slit tips provided by longitudinally extending have a bulging portion to form a loosely fitted rod-shaped heat insulating portion enclosed in the bulging portion And
[0029]
In the invention according to claim 11 of the present invention, one or more slits provided by cutting either one of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material or both surfaces along the side surface on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material meander. A plate-like heat insulating material characterized by being formed as a content.
[0030]
In the invention according to claim 12 of the present invention, one or more slits provided on either or both of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material are not parallel to the long side or the short side of the plate-like heat insulating material. The content is a plate-like heat insulating material.
[0031]
The invention according to claim 13 of the present invention comprises the plate-like heat insulating material according to claim 12, characterized in that one or more non-parallel slits intersect each other.
[0032]
The invention according to claim 14 of the present invention is the plate-like heat insulating material according to any one of claims 12 and 13, wherein one or more intersecting slits are provided in a diagonal direction. Content.
[0033]
According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a slit provided by vertically cutting either one or both of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-shaped heat insulating material along the side surface on the long side of the plate-shaped heat insulating material and the slit. The content is a plate-like heat insulating material characterized in that a cross slit is provided in the direction to be cut.
[0034]
The invention according to claim 16 of the present invention is provided by vertically cutting either one or both of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material along the long side surface and the short side surface of the plate heat insulating material. The plate-like heat insulating material according to claim 15, wherein the above-described slit and a cross slit that crosses the short side from the long side that crosses the slit are provided.
[0035]
The invention according to claim 17 of the present invention is characterized in that one or more slits provided on either or both of the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material along the long side surface and the short side surface of the plate heat insulating material are provided. A plate-like heat insulating material provided continuously along the outer periphery of the plate-like heat insulating material is a content.
[0036]
The invention according to claim 18 of the present invention includes the plate-like heat insulating material according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the slit is formed to meander.
[0037]
The invention according to claim 19 of the present invention includes the plate-like heat insulating material according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein a discontinuous portion is provided at an arbitrary position of the slit.
[0038]
The invention according to claim 20 of the present invention is the plate-like heat insulation according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the structural material is large drawing, joists, studs, trunk edges, rafters, and the like. The material is the content.
[0039]
In the invention according to claim 21 of the present invention, a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same size as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material is provided on one side or both sides of a structural material such as a large draw, joist, and trunk edge. The heat insulation structure of a wooden structure is characterized in that the top surface and the top surface of the structural material are substantially flush with each other.
[0040]
In the invention according to claim 22 of the present invention, a spacer serving as a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same dimensions as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material is provided inside the structural material, and the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material. The heat insulation structure of the wooden structure characterized by making the surface substantially flush.
[0041]
The invention according to claim 23 of the present invention is the plate-like heat insulating material in which the height of the structural material is the same as the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material, and a support structure material for supporting the plate-like heat insulating material is provided on the back side of the plate-like heat insulating material. The heat insulation structure of the wooden structure is characterized in that the top surface of the steel and the top surface of the structural material are substantially flush with each other.
[0042]
[Action]
The plate-like heat insulating material provided with an insertion member having a shape-supporting wing portion according to the present invention, when inserted between the structural materials, the wing portion is folded and the tip of the wing portion is the structural material. The top of the structural material is unfolded by holding the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material or by the weight of the plate-shaped heat insulating material while the tip of the wing part slides on the top surface. Therefore, there is no need for the operator to manually expand the wings in advance or adjust the insertion depth of the plate-like heat insulating material, thereby improving workability. In addition, since it is suspended and held substantially flush with the top surface of the structural material, it is easy to form a heat insulation line, and if a finishing material is placed in that state, a gap with the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulation material is not formed. The expected heat insulation structure is easily secured.
[0043]
In the present invention, the top surface of the structural material is a surface on the insertion side of the plate-like heat insulating material, and refers to a floor material, a surface on which a finishing material such as a vertical surface of a wall material or a bottom surface of a ceiling material is disposed. . The top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material is a surface that is inserted between the structural materials and is substantially flush with the top surface of the structural material, and is a finishing material such as a vertical surface of a floor material or wall material or a lower surface of a ceiling material. Refers to the arrangement surface. The substantially flush surface of the present invention refers to the insertion height and depth of the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material with respect to the top surface of the structural material, desirably 5 mm or less, more desirably 3 mm or less, and even more desirably 1 mm. Desirably, for example, the top of the plate-like heat insulating material protrudes from the top surface of the structural material to approximately the above dimensions, and when laying the finishing material, laying in while pushing the protruding portion with the finishing material In addition, it is desirable to secure a heat insulating structure without a gap because of excellent workability.
[0044]
The size of the plate-like heat insulating material when inserted between the structural materials of the present invention cannot be generally specified, but what is inserted between joists is about 250 mm to 600 mm in width and 600 mm to 1200 mm in length. In general, the thickness of the heat insulating material is usually specified depending on the region, but a thickness of about 20 mm to 100 mm is common. Moreover, what is inserted and inserted between large pulls or studs generally has a width of about 600 mm to 910 mm and a length of about 900 mm to 1820 mm. Moreover, since the size of the heat insulating material is large in a case where the heat insulating material is inserted into a space having a large insertion width such as a large pulling space, the central portion of the heat insulating material hangs down under its own weight. In some cases, however, if there is an adverse effect, it is of course possible to properly support the lower part of the heat insulating material, or to use it together with a locking tool such as a nail to suppress downward deformation. It is.
[0045]
It is also effective to form a reinforcing material insertion groove on the top surface of the heat insulating material, attach the reinforcing material such as wood on the same surface, and integrate the finishing material side with the nail or adhesive. It is also effective to prevent warping or bending of the plate-like heat insulating material by sticking one or more reinforcing materials such as wood in a protruding manner on the back side of the heat insulating material (not shown). In addition, it is also effective to increase the bending strength of the plate-like heat insulating material by sticking a reinforcing surface material such as a reinforcing paper or film for preventing dripping or warping to at least one surface of the heat insulating material. (Not shown) These supporting and reinforcing methods may be appropriately adopted as necessary, and are effective in improving the heat insulating structure of the present invention in which a heat insulating material is inserted between the structural materials.
[0046]
Since the insertion member having the wing part is made of a sheet material that does not generate wrinkles and has a form-retaining property, troubles occur when the wing part is temporarily suspended on the top surface of the structural material and deployed. No warpage or deformation occurs, the tip of the wing part is easy to deploy while sliding on the top surface of the structural material, and even if the wing part is suspended horizontally, the weight of the plate-like heat insulating material makes it between the structural materials. A substantially uniform surface is ensured by the suspension strength having the form retaining property that does not hang down.
In addition, the full length insertion member or the partial insertion member has a difference in form retention depending on the type, shape, and structure, and therefore, the material of the sheet material may be appropriately selected. Here, the full length insertion member may be any member that suspends the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material substantially without hindrance, and the length of the insertion member is the same length as the plate-like heat insulating material. Regardless of this, from the viewpoint of workability, it is also possible to make the length slightly shorter than the overall length of the plate-like heat insulating material. As used herein, the partially inserted member refers to a member that is provided on at least two or more side surfaces of a plate-like heat insulating material and that has its long sides suspended substantially without hindrance. The number is not particularly limited.
[0047]
That is, the structural material in the present invention constitutes a portion into which a plate-like heat insulating material such as a joist, a trunk edge or the like, which is a structural base material, or a structural material for shaft assembly is inserted and inserted. It means what includes both. Accordingly, it is an object to appropriately insert or insert a heat insulating material between these structural materials.
[0048]
This insertion member of the present invention is a direction parallel to the top surface in a state where the tip of the wing is bent in the insertion direction in the full length or part of both side surfaces on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material. It is provided so that it can be expanded, suspended, and expanded in the expansion direction as required. When the wing part is deployed and suspended, the wing part is deployed in a direction parallel to the top surface, and the plate-like heat insulating material is suspended and expanded between the top surfaces of the structural members. Alternatively, the plate-like heat insulating material top surface is unfolded in the direction parallel to the top surface in a state where the tip of the wing portion is bent in the insertion direction in the full length or part of both ends on the long side. It is provided so that it can be suspended.
[0049]
The plate-like heat insulating material can be expanded, suspended, expanded, etc. in a direction parallel to the top surface, with at least the ends of the wings bent in the insertion direction at both ends on the long side of the top surface. Covers the entire surface of the plate-like heat insulating material top surface including at least both ends of the plate-like heat insulating material top with a sheet material having form-retaining property that does not generate wrinkles, and the total length of the end portions of the sheet material, Or, the portion is an insertion member having a wing portion, and the wing portion is formed with the tip bent in the insertion insertion direction, and can be expanded, suspended, expanded, etc. in a direction parallel to the top surface. To tell.
[0050]
Or, a sheet material having a shape-retaining property that does not generate wrinkles with an appropriate width is laminated on both end portions on the long side of the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the total length of the end portion of the sheet material, or The part is an insertion member having a wing part, and the wing part is in a state where the tip is bent in the insertion direction, and is provided so as to be developed and suspended in a direction parallel to the top surface.
[0051]
Of course, with the tip of the wing part bent in the insertion direction on the full length or part of both side surfaces on the long side via at least both ends of the back surface on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material , It may be provided so that it can be extended and suspended in a direction parallel to the top surface.
[0052]
In addition, the insertion member is necessary to expand the wing part, suspend the plate-like heat insulating material substantially flush, expand the wing part as necessary, and expand the plate-like heat insulating material in the width direction. It is desirable that the locking strength with the plate-like heat insulating material that ensures a high tensile strength is ensured. Expansion means that there are concerns about the occurrence of gaps due to partial gaps between the plate-like heat insulating material and the structural material, gaps when the plate-like heat insulating material width is small, or deterioration over time. In this case, the wing portion is expanded in the horizontal direction, the width of the plate-like heat insulating material provided with the slit is expanded, and the wing portion is expanded in the horizontal direction in order to close the gap. If the wings are fastened to the top surface of the structural material with nails, pins, adhesives, adhesive tape, etc., and the finishing material is attached or sandwiched by the finishing material, gaps due to deterioration over time can be prevented for a long time. It is.
[0053]
In addition, since the insertion member is substantially stored by bending the hinge part in the insertion direction, the insertion member does not break, fall off or deform during storage or transportation, and during storage or transportation. It is easy to handle because it is not bulky and has good packing and unpacking workability. When pushed in, the wings are naturally deployed while sliding on the top surface of the structural material, and the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are suspended horizontally. In addition, it is not pushed too much between the structural materials, and evenness can be secured very easily, and workability is improved. Also, if the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are substantially flush, the wing sheet material can also function to seal the gap between the structural materials, and the wing sheet When the material is provided over the entire length, the sealing function is further improved, but even if it is a portion, the effect is obtained, and as a result, excellent heat insulation can be ensured.
[0054]
2 (c), (d) and FIG. 11 (b) used in the present invention, for example, longitudinally cut the plate-like heat insulating material along the long side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material. By providing a discontinuous part at any position of the slit that opens, the neck can be prevented from bending, warping or bending on the short side (width direction of the plate-like heat insulating material), and the elastic force of the discontinuous part can be prevented. Due to the additional increase, the elastic force and the shape retention are increased, and the insertion workability is improved. Moreover, the elastic deterioration and stress deterioration with time are suppressed, and the fixing force between the structural members of the plate-like heat insulating material is maintained for a long time. Moreover, by making the slit opened longitudinally in the long side side discontinuous, the cool air passage flowing in the slit is blocked, and the heat insulation is improved.
[0055]
Moreover, the plate-shaped heat insulating material which is another embodiment shown in FIG. 9 used in the present invention is provided with a bulging portion at the tip of a slit provided in a longitudinal direction along the long side surface, and in the bulging portion. Although it has a rod-like heat insulating part in a loosely fitted state, this plate-like heat insulating material is processed along a two-dimensional trajectory while being thermally melted with a heat ray such as a nichrome wire, It is possible to form a rod-like heat insulating portion in a loosely fitted state at the bulging portion at the tip. And, this rod-like heat insulating part can prevent the neck side bend and warp and bend, which is a drawback of the conventionally known slit, and further can improve the elastic force in the planar direction of the plate-like heat insulating material, The insertion workability is improved, in addition, the cool air passage in the slit is suppressed, the heat insulation is improved, the occurrence of elastic deterioration and stress deterioration over time is also suppressed, and the shape retention of the plate-like heat insulating material itself is long-lasting. To stabilize.
[0056]
In addition, the plate-like heat insulating material of FIGS. 10 and 12 of the present invention is formed by meandering the slits provided in a longitudinal direction along the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material, thereby increasing the slit overall length. Since the stress generation structure is improved, the elastic force and stress on the short side are improved as compared with the conventional product, and deterioration with time is suppressed. Further, when meandering is performed, neck breakage, warping, and bending are suppressed, shape retention is improved, and the flow of cold air in the slit is suppressed. Furthermore, by increasing the degree of meandering of the slit, the elasticity in the biaxial direction on the short side and the long side is added, the insertion workability is improved, and the connection gap between the plate-like heat insulating materials that are continuously laid Can be suppressed.
[0057]
Further, the plate-like heat insulating material shown in FIG. 11 of the present invention is provided with a slit that is not parallel to the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material, so that the stress generation structure is improved. And deterioration over time is suppressed. For example, by providing a slit that crosses the diagonal line of the plate-like heat insulator in a hooked shape, neck folding, warping, and bending are suppressed, shape retention is improved, and the flow of cold air in the slit is plate-like It becomes discontinuous for each heat insulating material and heat insulation and air tightness are improved. Furthermore, the elasticity of the biaxial direction of a short side and a long side can be expressed, insertion workability | operativity of a long side improves, and generation | occurrence | production of the connection clearance gap between plate-shaped heat insulating materials can be suppressed.
[0058]
Moreover, the plate-shaped heat insulating material shown in FIG. 13 of the present invention has a short side by providing a slit provided along the side surface on the long side of the plate-shaped heat insulating material and a crossing slit in a direction crossing the slit. Elasticity is imparted to the biaxial direction and the four sides of the long side biaxial direction, so that the insertion workability is improved and the generation of the connection gap can be suppressed.
[0059]
In addition, the plate-shaped heat insulating material shown in FIG. 15 of the present invention crosses the slit from the long side to the short side, which is provided along the long side or short side of the plate heat insulating material. By providing the intersecting slits, elasticity is imparted in the direction of the corners of the plate-like heat insulating material in addition to the four side directions, and elasticity in the triaxial direction is imparted.
[0060]
Further, the plate-like heat insulating material shown in FIG. 14 of the present invention is provided with an annular slit provided along the outer periphery of the plate-like heat insulating material and an auxiliary slit 3c having an auxiliary elasticity imparting action intersecting with the annular slit. Elasticity is imparted to the entire peripheral surface including the corners, and a triaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material can be formed, and insertion is easily suppressed.
[0061]
By providing a combination of various slit structures of the present invention as described above, or by appropriately combining the various slit structures described above and various conventionally known slit structures, a variety of plate-like heat insulating materials are provided. I can do it. Moreover, it is also possible to incorporate the slit structure of the present invention into various known commercially available plate-like heat insulating material structures, which belong to the present invention. These slits are formed by slits that are molded in the mold, slits that are cut with a saw blade, slits that are heat-melted with heat rays, slits that are heat-melted with a hot plate, etc. As appropriate, selection or combination may be performed.
[0062]
The heat insulation structure shown in FIG. 16 (a) of the present invention is provided by providing a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same dimensions as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material on one side or both sides of a structural material such as joists and trunk edges. Despite being very simple, the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material can be substantially flush with each other, and a gap between the plate-like heat insulating material and the structural material is generated. Since there is nothing, excellent heat insulation performance can be exhibited and a good heat insulation structure can be constructed.
[0063]
In the heat insulating structure shown in FIG. 16 (b) of the present invention, a spacer serving as a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same dimensions as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material is provided on the inner side of the structural material such as large pulls, joists and trunk edges. By providing, the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are substantially flush, and there is no gap between the plate-like heat insulating material and the structural material. Excellent heat insulation can be exhibited and a good heat insulation structure can be constructed.
[0064]
In addition, another heat insulating structure shown in FIG. 16 (c) of the present invention is the same as the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material, and the height of the structural material such as a large pull, joist or trunk edge, etc. By providing a support structure material that supports the back side of the plate, it is possible to make the top surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material substantially flush with each other by a very simple method. No gap with the finishing material is generated, and excellent heat insulation performance is exhibited, so that a good heat insulation structure can be constructed.
[0065]
The above-described heat insulation structure shown in FIG. 16 has been conventionally used for each building in the area, and has various dimensions such as forklifts, studs, joists, trunk edges, and rafters. Assuming that a plate-like heat insulating material having a thickness conforming to the heat insulation standard stipulated for each region is applied as it is, there is a dimensional difference between the structural material size and the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material. In order to eliminate various heat insulation defects caused by the cause, various devices and inventions have been made and adopted from the plate-like heat insulating material side, but in view of the current situation where a satisfactory heat insulation structure has not yet been achieved. .
[0066]
The present invention was made by a structure that forms a heat-insulating structure without defects from the structural material side in order to eliminate the heat-insulating defect caused by the dimensional difference between the structural material and the plate-shaped heat insulating material. In addition to the plate-like heat insulating material with various ingenuity, even if an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material without slits is adopted, the top surface and the structural material of the plate-like heat insulating material can be obtained in a very simple manner as described above. The top surface can be made substantially flush, and there is no gap between the plate-like heat insulating material, the structural material, and the finishing material, and an excellent heat insulating structure can be constructed.
[0067]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The plate-like heat insulating material to be inserted between the structural materials of the present invention is either the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material, or the full length of both ends on the long side of the plate-like heat insulating material, or a portion In addition, a plate-like heat insulating material provided with a shape-retaining fitting member having wings that can be expanded in a direction parallel to the top surface while being bent in the fitting direction between the structural members. It is characterized by being.
[0068]
The form-retaining insert member having a wing portion used in the present invention has a structure that can be bent, unfolded, or suspended, and has both sides on the long side of the plate-shaped heat insulating material or the plate. If it is attached to the full length of both ends of the long side of the top surface of the heat insulating material, or part, temporarily folded on the top surface of the structural material in a state bent in the insertion direction, and the plate heat insulating material is pushed in, The shape-retaining wing slides along the top surface of the structural material with its force and is suspended in a state where it is level with the top surface of the structural material. , Preventing excessive push-in. In addition, since the insertion member is composed of a sheet material having a shape-retaining property, the deployment of the wing portion when inserting the plate-like heat insulating material between the structural materials hardly requires the operator's manual work, In addition, even if the wings are deployed, no wrinkles are generated and they are suspended almost flush with the top surface of the structural material. It is easy to prevent the gap with the finishing material.
[0069]
In addition, the shape-retaining insertion member having the wing part is bonded (including thermal bonding) to the entire length of the both sides of the short side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material or the long side of the top surface, or the part. The plate-like heat insulating material can be expanded and suspended by various methods, such as insertion, non-return claw engagement, bite claw engagement, and sewing on the top surface. ing. In particular, when a large-sized plate-shaped heat insulating material is inserted between the large pulls, the center portion of the plate-shaped heat insulating material is easy to sag, so it is not possible to expand the wings at both ends in a direction parallel to the top surface. This is extremely effective in preventing the sagging and sagging. For this reason, to prevent or prevent gaps between the plate-like heat insulating material and the structural material, the plate-like heat insulating material is expanded or expanded in a direction parallel to the top surface, and sandwiched with a finishing material, If the finishing material is placed by fastening with nails, pins, adhesives, adhesive tape, etc., not only between the structural material and the plate-like heat insulating material, but also the gap between the structural material and the finishing material can be easily closed. It is secured.
[0070]
The width of the wing part is desirably 1/2 or less of the top surface width of the structural material, and it is preferably suspended so as not to overlap with the wing part of another plate-like heat insulating material provided adjacently. If there is concern about floor noise, an adhesive such as a woodwork bond or sealing material should be provided along the length of the structural material between the wings suspended on the top surface of the structural material. In particular, it is preferable to form a convex streak that is thicker than the thickness of the wing, so that floor noise that may occur in the finishing material, the structural material, the insertion member, and the like can be prevented. Moreover, by sealing and sealing with the adhesive tape in a state where the ends of the two adjacent wings are connected and covered, the adhesive tape becomes a soundproof packing, and floor noise is prevented for a long time. Further, it is also possible to form an adhesive such as a woodworking bond or a sealing material on either one or both of the upper surface and the lower surface of the wing portion in a convex shape along the length direction of the structural material. In addition, it is also effective to apply an anti-flooring material such as a cloth or woven fabric on the upper surface or the lower surface of the wing, or to the wing to apply an elastic paint. Is.
[0071]
The hinge part that can store, unfold, and suspend the form-retaining fitting member having the wing part is positioned at the same height as the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material when suspended horizontally. Provided. And in the suspended state, it is made by the structure with the material strength and attachment strength which can endure the intensity | strength which suspends and expands a plate-shaped heat insulating material. The structure of the hinge portion of the insertion member is a folding hinge structure in which the shape is maintained and folded in advance so that it can be re-deployed, and the sheet material is not separated by the hinge component. In the case of a kerf hinge structure in which a kerf is provided with a depth of strength, and injection molding, etc., it is made by an appropriate structure, such as a hinge structure that is molded in a U-shape or a V-shape in the hinge portion. However, any structure may be used as long as the object of the present invention is achieved, and there is no particular limitation.
[0072]
In addition, the wing portion of the insertion member is in close contact with the plate-like heat insulating material, and it is not necessary to provide a hinge portion that can be folded and stored without a gap, and if the tip of the wing portion is stored in a substantially open state, Easily allow the tip of the wing to be temporarily suspended on the top surface of the structural material. Follow the push of the plate-like heat insulating material, deploy it to the position where the wing is suspended horizontally, and hang or push it with its own weight. It is made by a material with form-retaining properties and physical properties that are not too much.
[0073]
The material of the form-retaining fitting member having the wing part is not particularly limited as long as it is a flexible sheet-like material having form-retaining ability. The form retaining property refers to a material having the ability to retain its own shape, and can also be referred to as self shape retaining property. Examples of sheet materials that have shape retention, flexibility, and water repellency include polypropylene, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, polycarbonate, ABS, synthetic resin sheet materials, synthetic resin films and paper, etc. There is a sheet material laminated with paper, paper and aluminum foil laminated, waterproof paper, etc., even if it is a thin plate or foil-like metal sheet material such as aluminum, iron plate, copper plate, galvanized iron plate, etc. There is no particular limitation as long as it can be expanded and suspended if temporarily suspended on the top surface of the structural material.
[0074]
Of these, the injection-molded product is preferably made of a synthetic resin such as polypropylene, vinyl chloride, or polystyrene, but is not particularly limited. The thickness of the insertion member may be thick to some extent in order to suspend the plate-shaped heat insulating material horizontally, but if it is thicker than necessary, flooring will easily occur between the structural finishing material. 2 mm or less is desirable, and more desirably 1 mm or less is desirable in terms of preventing floor noise. On the other hand, if the thickness is too thin, the form retainability is lost, so it cannot be generally stated depending on the material. However, for a synthetic resin sheet material, for example, it is preferably about 0.1 mm or more, or about 0.3 mm or more.
[0075]
The fitting member is attached so that it is substantially stored below the long side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material, but the plate-like heat insulating material is struck along the long side in a direction parallel to the top surface. It is possible to attach the fitting member by appropriately selecting the full length or part of the long side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material. A hinge structure insertion member formed by bending a shape-retaining sheet material (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a sheet material) is applied to the adhesive surface by applying an adhesive to both ends of the long side surface and the top surface. It is efficient and desirable that the wing part is bent downward and processed into a full-length insertion member by continuously bonding and locking along the entire length, and then the wing part is lowered downward in advance. A folded sheet material or the like may be locked by bonding or the like, and cut into an appropriate length to form a partially inserted member.
[0076]
The metal sheet material, injection-molded product, and the like are desirably partially inserted members from the viewpoint of structure and cost, and these may be appropriately selected according to the use site such as the floor, wall, or ceiling. Further, for example, one side of both side surfaces can be a full length insertion member, and the other side surface can be a partial insertion member. At the end of a building, a full length insertion member or a partial fit is formed in a direction parallel to the top surface. What is necessary is just to employ | adopt suitably with a heat insulation improvement and an effective form according to the condition of a building, such as attaching an insertion member.
[0077]
One of the structural examples of the plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention is either one of the upper and lower surfaces (also referred to as the top surface or the back surface) of the plate-shaped heat insulating material along the long side surface of the plate-shaped heat insulating material. Or there exists a structure which provides a discontinuous part in the direction which interrupts | blocks the vertical cut of a slit in the arbitrary positions of the 1 or more slit provided by carrying out vertical cutting of both surfaces. This improves the thermal instability and morphological instability such as neck breakage on the short side compared to the conventional plate-like heat insulating material provided with slits that run continuously in the length direction, and prevents the use of foamed synthetic resin. The elastic force and stress of the resin part that formed the continuous part is further applied to the elastic force and stress of the foamed synthetic resin with the usual slits, which will increase, so the elastic deterioration and stress deterioration will be drastically reduced. It is suppressed and the gap prevention between structural materials is maintained for a long time.
[0078]
The thickness of the discontinuous portion provided by blocking the slits of the plate-like heat insulating material shown in FIGS. 2 (d) and 2 (c) is the pressing force on the short side applied when inserting between the structural materials. For example, in the case of a foamed polystyrene molded product having an expansion ratio of 60 times, the thickness is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and the expansion ratio and the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material or discontinuous portions. What is necessary is just to select suitably from the depth of the slit which is not. Further, in order to facilitate the development of elasticity of the discontinuous portion, the slit provided in the direction of blocking the slit and the interface shape of the discontinuous portion are discontinuous portions shown in the partially enlarged plan view of FIG. Of these three shapes, a flat concave shape may be used, but a circular concave shape or a V-shaped concave shape is preferable because stable elastic strain can be easily obtained. What is necessary is just to determine suitably the shape of the interface of these discontinuous parts and a slit, and the thickness of a discontinuous part from the softness | flexibility, workability | operativity, etc. which are calculated | required by a plate-shaped heat insulating material.
[0079]
The height of the discontinuous portion relative to the depth of the slit that is not a discontinuous portion is such that the total height of the portion corresponding to the depth of the slit that is not a discontinuous portion (see FIG. 6 (a) 2f) is formed as a discontinuous portion. Alternatively, approximately 1/2 (refer to FIG. 6 (b) 2f) to approximately 1/3 (refer to FIG. 6 (b) 2f) of the portion corresponding to the depth of the slit that is not discontinuous is discontinuous. It is also possible to take advantage of the flexibility of the short side by providing the depth of the slit of the part. What is necessary is just to select suitably the depth of the slit of a continuous part with respect to the depth of the slit which is not this discontinuous part from the material of a plate-shaped heat insulating material, foaming magnification, thickness, workability | operativity, etc.
[0080]
The method of making the slits of the in-mold molded product discontinuous is easy to mold with a comb-shaped slit-formed mold structure that forms discontinuous portions. A method for forming a discontinuous portion in a slit portion of a plate-shaped heat insulating material cut from an extrusion molded product or a block molded product is provided with a notch for forming a discontinuous portion in a slit forming hot plate, and this comb-like shape is formed. When the hot plate is heated above the melting temperature of the foamed synthetic resin and pushed into the slit formation depth from above and below the plate-like heat insulating material, the foamed resin corresponding to the slit is melted and released to discontinuity. A part and a slit part are formed. In the case of a foamed polystyrene resin, the melting temperature may be heated to, for example, about 120 ° C. to 140 ° C., and other foamed synthetic resins may be heated above the melting temperature of the resin. The mold is cooled at the time of mold release because the normal foamed resin plate-like heat insulating material is a highly foamed product of 30 times to 60 times. Since the volume is reduced to 1/60 and becomes a slit, the mold can be released without cooling in the heated state, so that the mold is not required to be heated and cooled, and is excellent in moldability and economy.
[0081]
As shown in FIG. 9 of the present invention, the slit tip provided along the long side on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material, which is cut from the extrusion molded product or block molded product, has a bulging portion. When a loosely-fitted rod-shaped heat insulating part is included in the bulging part, the bulging part increases the elastic area, and the bar-shaped heat insulating part prevents the collapse of the slit and improves shape retention. In addition, elastic deterioration and stress deterioration are suppressed, and the cool air passage in the slit is suppressed, so that the heat insulation is improved.
[0082]
The method of forming the bulge part and the rod-like heat insulation part in a loosely fitted state in the bulge part is, for example, similar to a conventional nichrome cutting machine, by using a nichrome heat wire or the like parallel to the long side of the plate-like heat insulator. Heating above the melting temperature of the foamed resin, tensioning it on the long side and stretching it, for example, moving the heat rays in two dimensions along the outer circumference of the bulging part while lowering in the direction of forming the slit By melting the outer periphery of the bulging portion and raising and drawing out the heat ray, the rod-like heat insulating portion remaining without being melted by the heat ray remains in a loosely fitted state, and a slit enclosed in the bulging portion is formed.
[0083]
The plate-shaped heat insulating material shown in FIG. 10 of the present invention is provided along the side surface on the long side, and is formed by meandering the slit, so that the total length of the slit formed along the long side becomes long and elastic. The area where the stress is generated increases, the elastic deterioration and stress deterioration are suppressed, and meandering improves shape retention even with slits of the same depth, making it difficult to break the neck and greatly improving insertion workability. Improved. The flow of cold air in the slit is suppressed by meandering of the slit, and the effect is further improved when the discontinuous portion described above is provided at an arbitrary position.
[0084]
The meandering form may be on a circular arc, a linear zigzag line, a combination thereof, or an indeterminate form, and is not particularly limited as long as the meandering form exhibits the effects of the present invention. A combination with a conventional non-meandering slit is also possible. In addition, by increasing the degree of meandering, elasticity in the biaxial direction of the short side and the long side is imparted, and form retention and insertion workability are improved. Generation of gaps is suppressed.
[0085]
The method of forming the serpentine slit by the in-mold molding method can also be done by remodeling the conventional mold.For example, instead of the linear slit molding piece, it may be a molding piece of the serpentine slit, and a discontinuous portion is provided. The meandering slit forming piece is made into a comb shape. The method of forming serpentine slits and discontinuous parts in a plate-like heat insulating material cut from an extrusion molded product or a block molded product is a structure that can be heated above the melting temperature of the foamed resin, and has a shape according to the molding purpose. A hot plate is used to push the foamed resin while melting it, and then to release the mold.
[0086]
11A of the present invention, by providing a slit that is not parallel to the long side or the short side of the plate-like heat insulating material, the parallel slit provided only in parallel with the conventionally known length direction is provided. The problem is solved. In other words, heat insulation is improved, and by making non-parallel slits cross each other, the direction of elastic generation and the direction of stress generation are further changed, and the elasticity of biaxial direction can also be manifested depending on the form of the crossing. Is suppressed and the form retention is improved.
[0087]
Further, when the intersecting slits are hooked in the diagonal direction of FIG. 11B, for example, the elastic direction can be set to the biaxial direction of the long side and the short side, and the insertion workability Can be improved, and the gap between the fitting and connecting portions can be suppressed.
[0088]
Moreover, by providing the slit provided by carrying out a longitudinal cut along the side surface by the side of the long side of the plate-shaped heat insulating material of FIG. 15 of this invention, and the crossing slit which cross | intersects this slit and crosses a short side from a long side. The problem of the parallel slits provided only in the conventionally known length direction is solved. In other words, the elastic force is given in the diagonal direction in addition to the direction parallel to the long side and the short side, and the elasticity is ensured in the triaxial direction of the short side, the long side and the angular direction. The insertion workability is improved, and the insertion and insertion of the four sides and corners and the gap between the connection parts can be suppressed.
[0089]
Further, another plate-like heat insulating material of the present invention shown in FIG. 14 is provided with slits continuously along the entire peripheral surface of the long-side and short-side plate-like heat insulating materials, and auxiliary slits intersecting with the slits. Is provided, elasticity is imparted in the three axial directions of the short side, the long side, and the diagonal, and the fitting operation and the closing property of the gap are improved. The plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention can be easily formed by in-mold forming, and can form a discontinuous portion, thereby obtaining a stable heat insulating property over a long period of time.
[0090]
Examples of the foamed synthetic resin used for the plate-like heat insulating material of the present invention include foamed polystyrene resin, foamed polypropylene resin, foamed polyurethane resin, foamed vinyl chloride resin, foamed polyethylene resin, etc. In-mold molded expanded polystyrene resin and extruded molded expanded polystyrene resin are preferred, but they are not particularly limited in that they are excellent in heat insulation, water resistance and buffering properties and excellent in shape retention.
[0091]
Another heat insulating structure of the present invention is provided with a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same dimensions as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material on one side or both sides of a structural material such as a large pull, joist or trunk edge, Spacers that serve as plate-like insulation receiving parts with the same dimensions as the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material are installed inside the structural material such as the joists, joists and trunk edges, Is the same size as the thickness of the plate-like heat insulating material, and by providing a support structure material that supports the plate-like heat insulating material on the back side of the plate-like heat insulating material, the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are By being substantially flush with each other, no gap is formed between the structural material, the plate-like heat insulating material, and the finishing material, so that a stable heat insulating structure is formed over a long period of time.
[0092]
By these methods, in order to provide a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving part on the structural material side, a method of scraping one side or both surfaces of the structural material, or a thin structural material equivalent to the same thickness as the plate-shaped heat insulating material When adopting, it is natural to design the structure according to the shape of the structural material to be used so that the strength of the building does not decrease. Moreover, the method of making the plate-like heat insulating material thickness larger than the thickness of the heat insulation standard so as to be the same size as the thickness of the structural material is effective in closing the gap and belongs to the present invention.
[0093]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited only to this Example. The explanation (including drawings) of the heat insulating structure is mainly performed with an example of the heat insulating structure inserted between the joists, except that the insertion space size is large even in the space between the large pulls or between the studs. Naturally, the configuration is substantially the same and includes all of these structural members.
[0094]
Example 1
It is an Example of the heat insulation structure using the plate-shaped heat insulating material 1 of this invention, Comprising: Fig.1 (a) is a heat insulation structure example of a floor part. A part-insertion member partially provided on the long-side side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material 1 and a long-side side surface of the plate-like heat-insulating material 1 provided with a shape-retaining full-length insertion member 20a having wings over the entire long-side side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material 1 20b is inserted between the joists 51, suspended horizontally, and a floor board as a finishing material is arranged with the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material 1 and the top surface 80 of the joists 51 as a structural material substantially flush with each other. It shows a structure that is provided and formed by a heat insulation line without gaps. FIG. 1B shows an example of a heat insulating structure of the wall. Between the trunk edges 56, a plate-shaped heat insulating material 1 is provided with a full length insertion member 20a on the entire long side surface and a plate member with a partial insertion member 20b partially provided on the long side surface. It is inserted and suspended, and a wall plate as a finishing material is arranged so that the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material 1 and the top surface 80 of the body edge 56 as a structural material are substantially flush with each other, thereby providing a heat insulating line without a gap. The formed structure is shown.
[0095]
As the plate-shaped heat insulating material 1 used for this heat insulating structure, a uniaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1a (see FIG. 2 and the like) that is elastic in a direction parallel to the long side, and a biaxial that is elastic on the short side and the long side. Elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1b (FIG. 13 (a) or triaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1c (FIG. 14 (a)) or rigid foamed resin that is elastic in the short side, long side, and angular directions are cut into a plate shape. Inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d (see FIG. 4) (see FIG. 16) or the like, or a flexible plate-like heat insulating material such as a commercially available sunny light may be applied.
[0096]
Example 2
FIG. 2 of the present embodiment is an embodiment in which insertion members 20 are provided on both side surfaces of a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a provided with a shape-retaining insertion member having a wing portion. FIG. 2A shows a side view of the short side of one example. The insertion member 20 is substantially housed by being bent on the side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material, temporarily suspended on the top surface of the structural material, and inserted between the structural materials, so that the wings are horizontally expanded and suspended. . When a gap is generated between the structural material and the side surface of the uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a, the elastic slit of the uniaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1a is further expanded by horizontally extending the wing portion. 2 indicates a structure in which the gap between the structural materials can be closed. FIG. 2B is a perspective view of an embodiment in which a full length insertion member 20a is provided over the entire length of the uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a having elastic slits 2 formed on the upper and lower surfaces. The wing portion is expanded and suspended horizontally by being inserted, and the wing portion exhibits a function of a sealing material and represents a structure capable of expanding the wing portion.
[0097]
FIG. 2 (c) shows an in-mold molding slit 2a formed on the upper and lower surfaces by in-mold molding.
It is a perspective view of the Example which provided the partial insertion member 20b partially in the uniaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1a which provided the discontinuous part 2f, Comprising: When a wing | blade part expand | deploys by being inserted between structural materials. A structure that is suspended horizontally and can be further expanded is shown. FIG. 2 (d) is a partially enlarged plan view of FIG. 2 (c). By providing the discontinuous portion 2f, the elastic force and stress are additionally increased, and the form retainability is greatly improved. The interface between the in-mold molding slit 2a and the discontinuous portion 2f formed by in-mold molding represents a flat concave shape, a spherical concave shape, and a V-shaped concave shape. The slit width of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the number of slits, the length, width, thickness, and shape of the plate-like heat insulating material with a width of 1 mm to 5 mm as a guide.
[0098]
Example 3
FIG. 3 of the present embodiment is an embodiment of a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a provided with a fitting member that is folded into a sheet material to form a hinge portion 30, and packing of the plurality of plate-like heat insulating materials 1a. From the state, it is unpacked, temporarily suspended on the top surface of the structural material, unfolded and suspended to complete the insertion between the structural materials, and finished on the joist 51 as the structural material and the uniaxial elastic plate insulation 1a The flow of the completion process of laying the material is shown.
[0099]
That is, FIG. 3 (a) shows a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material in which an insertion member 20 made of a sheet material bent and substantially accommodated at the hinge portion 30 is attached to the long side surface by an adhesive method. It is packed with packing material 70 so that it is easy to take out and the insertion member is not damaged. FIG. 3B shows a state in which the wing portion is deployed by temporarily placing the tip of the wing portion of the insertion member 20 on the top surface of the structural material and pushing in the plate-like heat insulating material. FIG. 3C shows heat insulation in which a flooring 61 as a finishing material is laid without any gaps on a heat insulation line formed with a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a suspended substantially flush with the top surface of the joist 51. The structure is shown. In this configuration, when a plate-like heat insulating material is disposed between the large pulls, it is similar to this figure, but the width and length of the heat insulating material is, for example, 910 mm × 1820 mm, and since the sag tends to occur at the center of the heat insulating material, It is also effective to remove the slack by expanding the part, or to provide an adhesive layer such as double-sided tape at the appropriate place on the top surface of the heat insulating material (not shown) and to be integrated with the lower surface of the finishing material, After the heat insulation structure is completed, it is also effective to remove the slack by hitting the heat insulating material against the finishing material with a nail or the like (not shown) from the lower side of the floor, and belongs to the present invention.
[0100]
Example 4
FIG. 4 shows that at least both end surfaces on the long side of the top surface of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d obtained by cutting an extruded polystyrene foam product without an elastic slit or a block molded product of an in-mold product into a predetermined size. It is a structural example to which the insertion member 20 is attached. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view on the short side where the insertion member 20 is provided by heat-sealing to both end surfaces on the long side of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d. FIG. 4B is a perspective view of FIG. 4A and shows an embodiment in which the wing portion is expanded and suspended. FIG. 4C shows an embodiment in which the insertion member 20a is provided in a state of covering the entire top surface of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d, and is expanded and suspended. In this embodiment, the attachment of the sheet material of the insertion member 20 is sewn with the sewing thread 40, and the wing portion can be reliably locked at a low cost. Further, since the bending strength of the plate-like heat insulating material can be improved by providing a sheet over the entire top surface and increasing the stitches of the sewing machine, it is suitable as a large-sized plate-like heat insulating material when being inserted between large pulls or studs. The embodiment of FIG. 4 is desirable as a configuration of a large-sized plate-like heat insulating material that is inserted between the large pulls, but is effective even between the joists, and the gap between the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material and the structural material. A desirable heat insulation structure can be obtained in which the sheet material suspended is also used as a sealing material.
[0101]
Further, as another measure of the present embodiment, a plate-like extruded hard polyurethane is used as the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d, and a mount that is thermally laminated (thermally bonded) to the direction at the time of extrusion is used. By using a holding sheet material, by removing the polyurethane resin having the width of both wing parts, the mount is exposed, and this mount is used as an insertion member 20 and bent at both ends thereof as wing parts in the insertion direction. A method of temporarily constructing, unfolding, and suspending the structure on the structural material is also included in the scope of the present invention. The unfolded and suspended form of the present embodiment is equivalent to FIG. 4 (c), and the packaged form and product form to be shipped are similar to FIG. 3 (a). In the present embodiment, the product form in which the wing part using the mount as the base material of the insertion member 20 is not folded and the wing part of the short side mount is overhanged is bent and damaged during transportation, This is not included in the present invention because the property is lowered, the transportation cost is increased, and the structure of the present invention is different.
[0102]
Fig.5 (a) is the Example using the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1d. It consists of an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d consisting of three pieces and a sheet material in which another narrow inelastic plate-like heat insulating material is arranged adjacent to the long side surface of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material in which no slit is formed. This is an example of an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d in which the insertion member 20 is integrated with an adhesive. Even if it is an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d with this configuration, by expanding the wing portion, the adjacent portions of the three pieces are opened at the bonding surface with the insertion member 20, and the gap generated between the structural materials is closed. Thus, the performance equivalent to that of the plate-like heat insulating material provided with slits is exhibited, and the cost of the plate-like heat insulating material is reduced.
[0103]
FIG. 4 (c) shows a process in which the wing portion is deployed by temporarily suspending the tip of the wing portion of the insertion member 20 of the three-piece inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1 d on the top surface of the joist 51. Yes. FIG. 4 (d) shows an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d made of three pieces that is suspended substantially flush with the top surface of the joist 51, and the wings are expanded to close the gap formed between the structural materials. The state which expanded the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1d is shown. For locking, the wing portion is fixed with a nail, a pin, an adhesive or the like, and a finishing material is laid to construct a heat insulating structure.
[0104]
Example 6
FIG. 6 shows a structure example of the hinge portion of the insertion member 20 and a structure of the discontinuous portion 2f viewed from the cross-sectional direction of the slit provided in the horizontal suspension state and at an arbitrary position on the long side of the slit. . FIG. 6A shows a direction in which the wings are expanded in a state where the folding hinge 30a using the sheet material is substantially housed before being inserted and horizontally suspended. The discontinuous portion 2f represents the structure of the discontinuous portion 2f having the same height as the slit depth. The insertion member 20 is locked to the long side surface with an adhesive 30e.
[0105]
FIG. 6B shows a state in which the kerf hinge 30b using the sheet material attached to the top surface is substantially stored and a direction in which the wings are expanded in a state where the wing is horizontally suspended. The insertion member 20 is locked to the top of the plate-like heat insulating material with an adhesive 30e. The discontinuous part 2f represents the structure of the discontinuous part 2f in the example which is approximately ½ the height of the slit depth. FIG. 6C shows the expanding direction of the wing portion in a state where the insertion member 20 made of an injection-molded sheet material is provided with a V-shaped hinge and is substantially housed and horizontally suspended. . The discontinuous portion 2f represents the structure of the discontinuous portion 2f that is approximately 1/3 the height of the slit. The attachment is inserted and locked to the long side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material by an insertion check part 20g provided on the injection molded sheet.
[0106]
Example 7
FIG. 7 is a structural example of the partial insertion member 20b, and FIG. 7 (a) shows a sandwich-type insertion member 20e made of an injection molded product. A sandwiching portion 20h bent in a U-shape so as to sandwich the plate-like heat insulating material 1 is attached with an adhesive 30e. The wing portion of the insertion member 20e has an injection-molded hinge 30c, one showing a substantially stored state, and the other showing a suspended state developed in a direction parallel to the top surface. FIG. 7 (b) shows an example in which the adhesive layer 30e is formed via a release paper with a partially inserted member 20b obtained by cutting the injection molded sheet material into a strip shape. It can be glued and locked in place on the long side.
[0107]
Example 8
FIG. 8 is a structural example of the plug-in type partial insertion member 20c, and FIG. 8 (a) is inserted and locked to a wing portion provided with an injection molded hinge 30c made of an injection molded product and a plate-like heat insulating material. It is a perspective view of the state suspended by the wing | blade part of the insertion type partial insertion member 20 which provided the insertion check part 20g and the locking hole 40a at the time of expansion. The plate-like heat insulating material is fixed to the plate-like heat insulating material by the insertion reverse support portion 20g and does not fall off even when the wing portion is expanded. The wing portion can be stored, deployed and suspended by an injection molded hinge 30c. FIG. 8B is a mounting cross-sectional view of the plug-in type partial insertion member 20c, which is locked to the side surface of the plate-like heat insulating material 1 with a plug check portion 20g and horizontally inserted into the in-mold molding slit 2a. The stopper 20g is inserted to secure a horizontal expansion force, and is locked to the joist 51 with a nail 40b or the like. The structure of the partial insertion member 20 described above is not limited to the present embodiment as long as the functions of the storage, temporary mounting, deployment, horizontal suspension, and expansion necessary for the insertion member are exhibited. Absent.
[0108]
Example 9
FIG. 9 of the present embodiment is an embodiment of a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a cut from an extrusion-molded product or a block-formed product, and is a slit provided by opening the plate-shaped heat insulating material on the long side. Is an example in which a bulging portion 2c is provided at the tip of the slit 2d and a rod-like plate-like heat insulating material 2e in a loosely fitted state is included in the bulging portion 2c. In FIG. 9 (a), the rod-like plate-like heat insulating material 2e has an insulator shape. In FIG. 9B, the rod-like plate-like heat insulating material 2e is cylindrical. These shapes are formed by moving the hot-wire slit 2b to the shape of this figure following a two-dimensional cut locus, and the shape can be arbitrarily selected by changing the cut locus. FIG.9 (c) is a perspective view of the uniaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1a which is a similar shape of FIG.9 (b).
[0109]
Example 10
FIG. 10 is a structural example of the biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1b formed by meandering slits formed along the long side surfaces of the plate-like heat insulating material in a circular arc shape on a plane. (A) represents the cross-sectional structure which made the front-end | tip part of the meandering slit of the biaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1b circular. The shape seen from the plane of the slit is not particularly limited, but a circular shape is desirable because it suppresses elastic deterioration. FIG. 9B is a plan view showing an example of meandering of the in-mold molding slit 2a, and the elasticity in the biaxial direction can be expressed by the meandering shape and amplitude. The meandering shape may be an arc shape, a straight bent line shape, an indefinite shape, or may be used in combination with the current straight slit, and is not particularly limited, either the lower surface or the upper surface Alternatively, it is necessary that the upper and lower slits are short-circuited and the through-holes are not formed in the heat insulating material, and the uniaxial elasticity and the biaxial elasticity can be expressed depending on the meandering shape. The
[0110]
Example 11
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which slits that are not parallel to the long side or the short side of the plate-like heat insulating material are provided. FIG. 11 (a) shows the long side of the uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1a. And the heat melting slit 2b of the heat line that is not parallel to the short side is inclined to the long side, so that in the direction of generating elastic force or stress with respect to the pushing force on the short side compared to the conventional parallel slit Twist occurs, warping and bending can be suppressed, and elastic deterioration and stress deterioration are suppressed. FIG. 11 (b) shows that in-mold molding slits 2a that intersect with each other on the diagonal line of the biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1b are provided to add biaxial elasticity. It is important that the continuous portion 2f is provided so that the slits on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-shaped heat insulating material are short-circuited so as not to form a through hole. By providing the discontinuous portion 2f that does not short-circuit the upper and lower slits, the shape retention is increased and the elastic deterioration or Stress degradation is suppressed.
[0111]
Example 12
FIG. 12 shows an example of a biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1b in which meandering slits are provided along the short side and the long side. FIG. 12 (a) meanders in parallel with the long side. The front slit 3a, the back slit 3b, the front cross slit 3c meandering parallel to the direction parallel to the top surface, and the back cross slit 3d are provided to provide biaxial elasticity. Furthermore, if the front auxiliary slit 4a and the back auxiliary slit 4b parallel to the long side are formed, elasticity on the short side is added, but these auxiliary slits may be appropriately selected as necessary. FIG.11 (b) is A sectional drawing of Fig.11 (a). FIG.11 (b) is B sectional drawing of Fig.11 (a). An example of a structure is shown in which discontinuous portions 2f are provided at the intersections of the slits, the slit depths of the intersections on the upper and lower surfaces are made shallow, the slits are short-circuited, and a through hole is not formed in the heat insulating material.
[0112]
Example 13
FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1b. FIG. 13 (a) shows a slit 3a parallel to the long side, a back slit 3b, and a direction parallel to the top surface. By forming the front crossing slit 3c and the back crossing slit 3d, elasticity can be developed in the direction parallel to the long side and the short side, and the insertion workability and the gap closing property are improved.
FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 13A, and the slits on the upper and lower surfaces are formed by discontinuous portions 2f (not shown) at the intersections of the slits or by making the slit depth shallower. Represents a cross-sectional structure that prevents short-circuiting and forming a through hole.
[0113]
Example 14
FIG. 14 shows an example of the triaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1c formed by in-mold molding. FIG. 14 (a) shows a front slit 3a formed in an annular shape along the outer periphery of the plate-like heat insulating material. And a back slit 3b, a corner slit formed at the corner, more specifically, a corner front slit 3e, a corner back slit 3f, and a front cross slit 3c and a back cross slit 3d in a direction intersecting with this. Thus, elasticity in the triaxial direction is imparted. In the present invention, the cross slits 3c and 3d, which have an auxiliary elasticity imparting function as compared with the annular slits 3a and 3b that act to impart elasticity, are also referred to as auxiliary slits. In FIG. 14B, the slits on the front and back cross in the A cross section of FIG. 14A, and the crossing portions of the slits are made shallower or discontinuous portions 2f so as not to short-circuit and form a through hole in the heat insulating material. (Not shown) is provided. In FIG. 14B, the left half of the figure represents the crossing back slit 3d part, and the right half of the figure represents the front crossing slit 3c part.
[0114]
Example 15
FIG. 15 is an embodiment of the slit structure of the triaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material 1c, and FIG. 15 (a) shows the plate-like heat insulating material along the long and short sides of the plate-like heat insulating material. A front slit 3a, a back slit 3b, a front cross slit 3c, a back cross slit 3f, and a square front cross slit 3e and a back cross slit that obliquely cross from the long side surface to the short side surface are provided by vertically cutting the upper and lower surfaces. By providing 3f, elasticity in the triaxial direction is imparted. FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of A in FIG. 15A, and when the front slit and the back slit are short-circuited and a through hole is formed, cold air passes and becomes a heat defect, which is prevented. For this reason, a cross-sectional structure is shown in which discontinuous portions 2f (not shown) are provided at the intersecting portions or the slit depths of the upper and lower surfaces are made shallower.
[0115]
Example 16
FIG. 16 is an embodiment of a heat insulating structure formed by a structural material such as a plate-shaped heat insulating material insertion structure formed by a structural material or a receiving member for a plate-shaped heat insulating material on the structural material. The adiabatic structure of a) is a shaved joist provided with a plate-shaped heat insulating material receiving portion having the same dimensions as the thickness of the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1d that is inserted into a portion where the plate-shaped heat insulating material is inserted between the structural materials in advance. By arranging 59 on the large pull 50 and inserting the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d, the top surface 80 of the shaved joist 59 and the top surface of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d are flush with each other. A long-term stable thermal insulation structure is formed.
[0116]
In the heat insulating structure of FIG. 16 (b), a joist 62 with a spacer, which is formed in advance, is provided on the large pull 50 with an insertion width of the plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1d is inserted. Thus, a defect-free heat insulating structure is formed by making the top surface 80 of the joist 62 with spacers and the top surface of the inelastic plate-shaped heat insulating material 1d flush with each other. The heat insulation structure of FIG. 16 (c) is an embodiment using a plate-like heat insulating material thick joist 61 in which the height of the joist has the same dimensions as the thickness of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d. The same thickness joist 61 is disposed on the large pull 50 with the insertion width of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d, and the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d is inserted and inserted, so that the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material joist 61 is installed. 80 and the top surface of the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d are flush with each other, and a stable heat insulating structure is formed over a long period of time.
[0117]
In this structure, if necessary, if the plate-like heat insulating material is worried on the long side due to the strength of the plate-like heat insulating material, a support structure material 81 can be provided on the back surface side of the plate-like heat insulating material. The plate-like heat insulating material used in the heat insulating structure according to FIG. 16 described above is not limited to the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d, and may be various plate heat insulating materials to which other elasticity is imparted. However, it is preferable to employ an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material that is only cut to a predetermined size from an extrusion mold or block molded article that is most advantageous in terms of cost.
[0118]
Example 17
FIG. 17 is an example of a heat insulating structure that improves the heat insulating property from the structural surface of the structural material, and FIG. 17A is an example of the heat insulating structure of the floor portion, the plate-shaped heat insulating material same thickness joist 61 and its lower surface. A support structure material 58 is disposed on the side and an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d is fitted and inserted, and a heat insulating structure that is extremely inexpensive and has a simple structure can be obtained over a long period of time. FIG. 17B shows an example of a heat insulating structure of a wall portion, in which a plate-like heat insulating material same-thickness body edge 57 and a supporting structure material 58 are arranged on the back side, and an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d is inserted. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a heat insulating structure that is extremely inexpensive and has a simple structure and is stable for a long time. The plate-like heat insulating material may be a uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material, a biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material, or a triaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material except for the inelastic plate-like heat insulating material 1d. There is no need, and an inelastic plate-like heat insulating material is most preferable from the viewpoint of heat insulation, cost, workability and long-term stability.
[0119]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention is a side face of a plate-like heat insulating material inserted between structural members such as a large pull of a wooden structure, a stud, a joist, a trunk edge, and a ceiling rafter, or the total length of both end faces of the top surface, Alternatively, the structure is provided with a morphologically retaining insertion member having a wing portion that can be expanded and suspended on the top surface of the structural material, and the wing portion is bent in the insertion direction. It is inserted between the materials, and the wing portion is developed in a direction parallel to the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material, and the top surface of the plate-like heat insulating material and the top surface of the structural material are suspended substantially flush with each other. By doing so, the gap between the structural material and the plate-like heat insulating material can be effectively closed, and further, the deterioration gap with time and the displacement or dropping of the plate-like heat insulating material are prevented. As a result, a stable heat insulation line is secured, and the arrangement gap between the finishing material and the plate-like heat insulation material provided on the heat insulation line composed of the top surface of the structural material and the top surface of the heat insulation material is also suppressed and closed. Therefore, the trouble that the heat insulation property is lowered is remarkably prevented, and the conventional drawbacks of the high heat insulation and high airtight house are solved.
[0120]
In addition, if the wings with form-retaining properties are temporarily mounted on the top surface of the structural material while being bent in the insertion direction, the wings are deployed and suspended substantially flush between the structural materials. The insertion workability is improved. As described above, since the heat insulation lines between the structural materials are arranged very well, the measures for preventing the gap with the finishing material laid on the heat insulation lines are simplified, and the working efficiency is improved.
[0121]
Further, the groove-like elastic slit provided for imparting elasticity to the plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention is provided with a discontinuous portion equal to or less than the slit depth at an arbitrary position, or the expansion of the tip of the slit. By forming a rod-shaped plate-like heat insulating material at the protruding part, etc., the plate-like heat insulating material is prevented from being bent or warped on the short side, and the shape retention of the plate-like heat insulating material is improved without sagging or warping. Therefore, the insertion workability is improved, the elastic deterioration and the stress deterioration can be suppressed, and the cool air passage in the slit is also blocked, so that stable heat insulation is exhibited.
[0122]
In addition, by making the slit of the present invention meander or non-parallel, the elastic generation structure is improved and the shape retention is improved, so that the insertion workability is improved, and the elastic deterioration and the stress deterioration are difficult to occur. The flow of cold air in the slit is also suppressed, and the heat insulation is improved.
[0123]
Furthermore, by making the slits provided in the plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention intersect or selecting auxiliary slits, corner slits, annular slits and the like having an auxiliary elasticity imparting function, only in the conventional one-axis direction. It is possible to develop elasticity in the biaxial direction and triaxial direction in the plate-shaped heat insulating material having elasticity. Therefore, the uniaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material, the biaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the triaxial elastic plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention can be easily inserted between the structural materials, and the gap between the plate-shaped heat insulating materials formed between the structural materials. Since the connecting gap and the connecting angle gap of the plate-like heat insulating material that are generated when they are closed and connected in the length direction are inserted, the heat insulating property is improved.
[0124]
The heat insulating structure of the structural material according to the present invention, a heat insulating structure by a structural material such as a shaving joist having a plate-like heat insulating material receiving portion cut into the insertion portion of the structural material, and the thickness and the structural material of the plate-like heat insulating material In the case of a heat insulating structure in which a spacer having the same top surface is provided in the structural material or a heat insulating structure having a structure material having the same height as the thickness of the plate-shaped heat insulating material, the plate-shaped heat insulating material to be inserted between these structural materials The material can ensure stable heat insulation over a long period of time without adopting a plate-like heat insulating material fitted with an insertion member or a plate-like heat insulating material provided with various elastic slits. By simply inserting an inexpensive inelastic plate-like heat insulating material that has been cut into pieces, it can be made substantially flush with the top surface of the structural material, and there can be no gaps between the structural materials. Also improves.
[0125]
The plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention described above, the plate-like heat insulating material provided with various slits and discontinuous parts, the heat insulating structure made by the structure of the structural material of the building, etc. By adopting each independently, high heat insulating properties and excellent workability are ensured, and the combination with the conventional uniaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material is also highly effective, and these are included in the present invention. By adopting them in combination with each other, further superior heat insulation and workability are greatly improved. Further, by replacing the plate-like heat insulating material used in the panel construction method in which a heat insulating panel is previously formed and disposed, by adopting the plate-like heat insulating material provided with various slits and discontinuous portions of the present invention, further high heat insulation is achieved. A structure is formed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are a side view and a perspective view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are a side view and a plan view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with the fitting member of the present invention. FIGS.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are a side view and a plan view showing an embodiment of the plate-shaped heat insulating material of the present invention. FIGS.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are a side view and a plan view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention.
11A and 11B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 13 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention.
14A and 14B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit according to the present invention.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a plate-like heat insulating material provided with an elastic slit of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the heat insulating structure of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the heat insulating structure of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Plate insulation
1a Uniaxial elastic plate insulation
1b Biaxial elastic plate-like heat insulating material
1c Triaxial elastic plate insulation
1d Inelastic plate insulation
2 Elastic slit
2a In-mold molding slit
2b Hot wire fusion slit
2f discontinuity
20 Insertion member
20a Full length insertion member
20b Partially inserted member
20c plug-in insertion member
20e Clamping insertion member
30 Hinge part
30a Bending hinge
30b kerf hinge
30c Injection molded hinge
50 discounts
51 jota
56 Torso
60 Floor board
80 Top surface
