JP2004537653A - Hydrogen evolution control additive for zinc electrowinning - Google Patents
Hydrogen evolution control additive for zinc electrowinning Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004537653A JP2004537653A JP2003520877A JP2003520877A JP2004537653A JP 2004537653 A JP2004537653 A JP 2004537653A JP 2003520877 A JP2003520877 A JP 2003520877A JP 2003520877 A JP2003520877 A JP 2003520877A JP 2004537653 A JP2004537653 A JP 2004537653A
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- zinc
- zinc electrowinning
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- glue
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/16—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
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Abstract
セチルピリジニウム塩、塩化セチルピリジニウム(CPC)を、工業用亜鉛電解採取プロセスの水素発生抑制剤(電流効率改善剤)として使用する。(a)アンチモンを含む、(b)アンチモンとにかわを含む、亜鉛電解採取組成物を試験した。濃度0.05mMのCPCを電解採取液に添加すると電流効率はどちらの電解質についても上昇した。Cetylpyridinium salt, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), is used as a hydrogen generation inhibitor (current efficiency improver) in an industrial zinc electrowinning process. A zinc electrowinning composition comprising (a) antimony and (b) antimony and glue was tested. When 0.05 mM CPC was added to the electrowinning solution, the current efficiency increased for both electrolytes.
Description
【技術分野】
【0001】
分野
本発明は、亜鉛電着における水素発生を抑制かつ/または電流効率を改善する、亜鉛電解採取のための添加剤、特にセチルピリジニウム系添加剤に関する。
【背景技術】
【0002】
背景
亜鉛電解採取プロセスにおいて亜鉛の析出と平行して起こる寄生水素発生反応を抑制することによりエネルギ効率を高めることは、技術的および工業的に主要な関心事項である。陰極水素発生を最小限に留める1つの方法は、水素発生過電圧を選択的に大きくする、一般的には有機化合物である添加剤を使用することである。マッキノン(Mackinnon)他(Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 20, pp. 728-736, 1990)およびスコット(Scott)他(Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 18, pp. 120-127, 1988)は、動物性にかわをアンチモンと組合せて使用すると、添加剤を含まない電解質と比較して、亜鉛電解採取のエネルギ効率が上昇すると述べている。
【0003】
亜鉛電解採取中の水素発生を最小限にするとともに、従来の添加剤と比較して性能が同じまたは向上した添加剤が必要である。
【発明の開示】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【0004】
したがって、本発明の目的は、水素発生を最小限にするとともに性能が従来の添加剤と同じまたはより向上した亜鉛電解採取のための改良された添加剤を提供することである。
【課題を解決するための手段】
【0005】
概要
塩化セチルピリジニウム(CPC)、セチルピリジニウム塩を、亜鉛電解採取プロセスにおいて、異なる2つの亜鉛電解採取電解質組成物すなわち1)アンチモンを含む組成物ならびに2)アンチモンおよびにかわ双方を含む組成物の添加剤として試験した。
【0006】
CPC添加剤は、アンチモンの存在下でまたはアンチモンとにかわとの組合せの存在下で最も重要な影響を及ぼし、電流効率をそれぞれ23.2%および7.6%向上させた。さらに、0.05mMのCPCの存在による全セル電圧の上昇はなかった。
【発明を実施するための最良の形態】
【0007】
詳細な説明
方法および装置
工業用の電解採取電解質(溶液)が入った工業用のビーカー試験セルを電源に接続し37℃の水槽の中に置いた。陽極および陰極はそれぞれ鉛およびアルミニウムからなるものであった。研究所から提供されたMSDSシートには、その電解質の組成が、硫酸亜鉛28−34重量%、硫酸マグネシウム9−15g/l(グラム/リットル)およびマンガン1.5−2.5g/lと示されていた。
【0008】
試験セル内の温度が所望の温度の37℃に達した後、450アンペア/m2という電解採取電流密度に相当する定電流0.045Aを、撹拌していない電解質に対し、4時間または20時間印加した。実験終了後、電極アセンブリをガラスビーカーから取出し、蒸留水ですすぎ、陰極の堆積物を注意深く剥がしてデジタルメトラーAE100分析天秤を用い4桁の精度で計量した。試験セルは、有機添加剤の痕跡を除去するために、蒸留水およびアセトンで実験と実験との間にすすいだ。反復も行ない標準偏差を概算した。
【0009】
亜鉛電着電流効率はファラデーの法則に基づいて計算した。
【0010】
【数1】
【0011】
塩化セチルピリジニウム(CPC)(たとえば米国シグマアルドリッチ社(Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.))は以下の構造を有していた。
【0012】
【化1】
【実施例】
【0013】
例1
アンチモンが存在する亜鉛電解採取液
濃度0.04mg/l(ミリグラム/リットル)のアンチモン(Sb)を酒石酸アンチモンカリウムとして亜鉛電解採取電解質に添加した。4時間および20時間の実験双方を行なった。4時間の実験結果は表1に要約されている。
【0014】
電解質にCPC添加剤が存在しない場合、Sbは電流効率に悪影響を及ぼした、すなわち、65.1%(セル番号15)と74.7%(セル番号14)の間であった。CPC添加剤がない場合の平均電流効率は69.9%であった。CPCを添加すると電流効率は平均23.2%上昇した、すなわち、69.9%から93.1%に上昇した。
【0015】
【表1】
【0016】
時間が長い方の(20時間)実験におけるCPCの効果は表2に示されている。CPC添加剤がない場合、セル番号15の電流効率は僅か36.6%であったのに対し、0.05mMのCPCが存在する場合の亜鉛電解採取電流効率は58.9%であった。このように、CPC添加剤がある場合、電流効率は22.3%高い。
【0017】
【表2】
【0018】
例2
アンチモンおよびにかわ双方を含む亜鉛電解採取液
例1と同様の実験を、0.04mg/lのSbおよび10mg/lのにかわ(たとえばニューヨーク州ジョンズタウンのハドソン社(Hudson Industries)の「パールグルー(pearl glue)」)を含む電解質を用いて行なった。4時間および20時間の実験双方を行なった。4時間にわたる実験での亜鉛電解採取電流効率に対するCPC添加剤の効果は表3に示されている。
【0019】
にかわの存在はアンチモンのマイナス効果をある程度最小にし、電流効率は88.9%と90%の間となる。しかしながら、0.05mMのCPCを添加すると電流効率はさらに高まり、CPCがない場合の平均値89.4%から、CPCがある場合は97%となった(表3)。
【0020】
【表3】
【0021】
20時間の実験(表4)は、濃度0.05mMのCPCがセル番号16の電流効率を77.2%から87.3%に引き上げたことを示している。
【0022】
【表4】
【0023】
セル電圧は、電解採取プロセスにおけるもう1つの価値ある重要な数値である。セル電圧の上昇は、必要なエネルギ量の増大、したがって電解採取プロセス効率の低下を示す。表5は、0.05mMのCPCをSbおよびにかわと共に用いると、セル電圧が上昇しないことを示している。
【0024】
【表5】
【0025】
このように、本発明を例示となる実施形態との関連で説明してきたが、この説明は限定的な意味で解釈されることを意図したものではない。本発明の上記例示として挙げた実施形態および他の実施形態の種々の変形も、当業者にとってはこの説明を読めば明らかになるであろう。したがって、前傾の特許請求の範囲が、本発明の範囲に含まれる上記のような変形または実施形態をカバーすることが意図されている。【Technical field】
[0001]
FIELD The present invention relates to an additive for zinc electrowinning, particularly a cetylpyridinium-based additive, which suppresses hydrogen generation and / or improves current efficiency in zinc electrodeposition.
[Background Art]
[0002]
BACKGROUND Enhancing energy efficiency by suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions that occur in parallel with zinc deposition in zinc electrowinning processes is a major technical and industrial concern. One way to minimize cathodic hydrogen evolution is to use additives, which are typically organic compounds, that selectively increase the hydrogen evolution overpotential. Mackinnon et al. (Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 20, pp. 728-736, 1990) and Scott et al. (Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 18, pp. 120-127, 1988) It is stated that when used in combination with antimony, the energy efficiency of zinc electrowinning is increased compared to electrolytes without additives.
[0003]
There is a need for an additive that has the same or improved performance as compared to conventional additives, while minimizing hydrogen evolution during zinc electrowinning.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0004]
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved additive for zinc electrowinning that minimizes hydrogen evolution and has the same or improved performance as conventional additives.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0005]
Overview Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cetylpyridinium salt, is added to a zinc electrowinning process in two different zinc electrowinning electrolyte compositions: 1) a composition comprising antimony and 2) a composition comprising both antimony and glue. Tested as
[0006]
The CPC additive had the most significant effect in the presence of antimony or the combination of antimony and glue, increasing current efficiency by 23.2% and 7.6%, respectively. In addition, there was no increase in total cell voltage due to the presence of 0.05 mM CPC.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0007]
Detailed description
Method and Apparatus An industrial beaker test cell containing an industrial electrowinning electrolyte (solution) was connected to a power source and placed in a 37 ° C water bath. The anode and cathode consisted of lead and aluminum, respectively. The MSDS sheet provided by the laboratory showed that the composition of the electrolyte was 28-34% by weight of zinc sulfate, 9-15 g / l (g / l) of magnesium sulfate and 1.5-2.5 g / l of manganese. It had been.
[0008]
After the temperature in the test cell reaches the desired temperature of 37 ° C., a constant current of 0.045 A, corresponding to an electrowinning current density of 450 amps / m 2, is applied to the unstirred electrolyte for 4 or 20 hours. Applied. At the end of the experiment, the electrode assembly was removed from the glass beaker, rinsed with distilled water, the cathode deposit was carefully peeled off, and weighed using a Digital Mettler AE100 analytical balance with 4-digit accuracy. The test cell was rinsed between experiments with distilled water and acetone to remove traces of organic additives. Iterations were also performed to estimate the standard deviation.
[0009]
The zinc electrodeposition current efficiency was calculated based on Faraday's law.
[0010]
(Equation 1)
[0011]
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (eg, Sigma-Aldrich, US) had the following structure.
[0012]
Embedded image
【Example】
[0013]
Example 1
Antimony (Sb) having a concentration of 0.04 mg / l (milligram / liter) of zinc electrowinning solution containing antimony was added to the zinc electrowinning electrolyte as antimony potassium tartrate. Both 4 hour and 20 hour experiments were performed. The results of the 4 hour experiment are summarized in Table 1.
[0014]
In the absence of the CPC additive in the electrolyte, Sb adversely affected the current efficiency, ie, between 65.1% (cell number 15) and 74.7% (cell number 14). The average current efficiency without the CPC additive was 69.9%. The addition of CPC increased the current efficiency by an average of 23.2%, ie from 69.9% to 93.1%.
[0015]
[Table 1]
[0016]
The effect of CPC in the longer time (20 hour) experiment is shown in Table 2. Without the CPC additive, the current efficiency of cell number 15 was only 36.6%, while the zinc electrowinning current efficiency in the presence of 0.05 mM CPC was 58.9%. Thus, with the CPC additive, the current efficiency is 22.3% higher.
[0017]
[Table 2]
[0018]
Example 2
A similar experiment as in Example 1 with zinc electrowinning fluid containing both antimony and glue was performed using 0.04 mg / l Sb and 10 mg / l glue (eg, "pearl glue" by Hudson Industries, Johnstown, NY). glue))). Both 4 hour and 20 hour experiments were performed. The effect of the CPC additive on zinc electrowinning current efficiency for the 4 hour experiment is shown in Table 3.
[0019]
The presence of glue minimizes the negative effect of antimony to some extent, and the current efficiency is between 88.9% and 90%. However, when 0.05 mM CPC was added, the current efficiency was further increased, from an average value of 89.4% without CPC to 97% with CPC (Table 3).
[0020]
[Table 3]
[0021]
The 20 hour experiment (Table 4) shows that 0.05 mM CPC increased cell # 16 current efficiency from 77.2% to 87.3%.
[0022]
[Table 4]
[0023]
Cell voltage is another valuable and important value in the electrowinning process. Increasing the cell voltage indicates an increase in the amount of energy required and thus a decrease in the efficiency of the electrowinning process. Table 5 shows that cell voltage does not increase when 0.05 mM CPC is used with Sb and glue.
[0024]
[Table 5]
[0025]
Thus, while the present invention has been described in connection with illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the above-exemplified embodiment of the present invention and other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover such modifications or embodiments as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US31182501P | 2001-08-14 | 2001-08-14 | |
PCT/CA2002/001250 WO2003016593A2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Hydrogen evolution inhibiting additives for zinc electrowinning |
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JP2004537653A true JP2004537653A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
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JP2003520877A Ceased JP2004537653A (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Hydrogen evolution control additive for zinc electrowinning |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050011769A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1417357B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004537653A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100599993B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100342061C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002322888B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0211933A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2457071C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60203301T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2238586T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1075920A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04001459A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20040651L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2288299C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003016593A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200405167B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100540748C (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2009-09-16 | 云南冶金集团总公司 | Assembled gelatin additive |
CN103993330A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-20 | 成都理工大学 | Zinc electrolysis technology of zinc ammonia complex aqueous solution |
CN106676578B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-09-28 | 沈阳有色金属研究院 | A kind of new and effective joint additive of Zinc electrolysis |
CN110512236B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-05-04 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Combined additive and application thereof in zinc electrodeposition |
CN115133159A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-30 | 河南师范大学 | Functional aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4028199A (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1977-06-07 | National Development Research Corporation | Method of producing metal powder |
CA1064852A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1979-10-23 | Cominco Ltd. | Method for evaluating a system for electrodeposition of metals |
CA1111125A (en) * | 1978-07-05 | 1981-10-20 | Robert C. Kerby | Method and apparatus for control of electrowinning of zinc |
US4699696A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1987-10-13 | Omi International Corporation | Zinc-nickel alloy electrolyte and process |
US4717458A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-01-05 | Omi International Corporation | Zinc and zinc alloy electrolyte and process |
CN1023818C (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-02-16 | 昆明工学院 | Vacuum distillation zinc extraction method of hot galvanizing residue |
US5635051A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-06-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Intense yet energy-efficient process for electrowinning of zinc in mobile particle beds |
US6086691A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2000-07-11 | Lehockey; Edward M. | Metallurgical process for manufacturing electrowinning lead alloy electrodes |
CN1065919C (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2001-05-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Vacuum distillation of hard zinc to extract zinc and to concentrate germanium, indium and silver |
US6238542B1 (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2001-05-29 | Thomas Helden | Water soluble brighteners for zinc and zinc alloy electrolytes |
EP1013799A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-06-28 | Half Tone Ltd. | Solution and process for the electrodeposition of gold and gold alloys |
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2002
- 2002-08-13 RU RU2004107493/02A patent/RU2288299C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-13 DE DE60203301T patent/DE60203301T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-13 JP JP2003520877A patent/JP2004537653A/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-13 CA CA002457071A patent/CA2457071C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-13 MX MXPA04001459A patent/MXPA04001459A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-13 CN CNB028160207A patent/CN100342061C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-13 EP EP02754027A patent/EP1417357B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-13 AU AU2002322888A patent/AU2002322888B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-13 WO PCT/CA2002/001250 patent/WO2003016593A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-13 KR KR1020047002247A patent/KR100599993B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-13 BR BR0211933-1A patent/BR0211933A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-13 ES ES02754027T patent/ES2238586T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-13 US US10/486,711 patent/US20050011769A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-02-13 NO NO20040651A patent/NO20040651L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-06-29 ZA ZA200405167A patent/ZA200405167B/en unknown
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2005
- 2005-09-14 HK HK05108025A patent/HK1075920A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20040651L (en) | 2004-04-16 |
WO2003016593A3 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
AU2002322888B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2003016593A2 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
ES2238586T3 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
RU2288299C2 (en) | 2006-11-27 |
BR0211933A (en) | 2004-10-26 |
EP1417357B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
US20050011769A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
KR100599993B1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CN1653209A (en) | 2005-08-10 |
CN100342061C (en) | 2007-10-10 |
ZA200405167B (en) | 2005-06-27 |
DE60203301T2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
CA2457071A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
DE60203301D1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
EP1417357A2 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
HK1075920A1 (en) | 2005-12-30 |
RU2004107493A (en) | 2005-06-10 |
CA2457071C (en) | 2007-05-29 |
MXPA04001459A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
KR20040044443A (en) | 2004-05-28 |
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