JP2004528053A - 肩関節用人工関節 - Google Patents

肩関節用人工関節 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004528053A
JP2004528053A JP2002542310A JP2002542310A JP2004528053A JP 2004528053 A JP2004528053 A JP 2004528053A JP 2002542310 A JP2002542310 A JP 2002542310A JP 2002542310 A JP2002542310 A JP 2002542310A JP 2004528053 A JP2004528053 A JP 2004528053A
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Prior art keywords
joint
neck
axis
articulation
shaft
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JP2002542310A
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ホーバー,ウィリー
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ホーバー,ウィリー
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    • A61F2/4014Humeral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic humeral shafts
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
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  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract

肩関節用人工関節の軸ヘッド(17)には回転対称な関節窪み(19)が形成される。その中に、軸性関節体(25)が配置される。関節体の軸(35)と回転軸(33)は互いに垂直な位置にある。関節ネック(27)は、回転軸(33)および関節体の軸(35)の周りを任意に選択した傾斜角度および回転角度で回転することができる。回転軸(33)に交差する締付面(71、61)は、回転対称または平面であり、有利には、同様に回転対称である関節面(75、73)と相互作用する。それによって、非球面である関節面(75、73)および締付面(71、61)により、球継手状連節をもつ人工関節が備える、関節ネック(27)の同一な調整可能性の自由度が実現される。

Description

【0001】
本発明は請求項1のプリアンブルに基づく肩関節用の人工関節に関する。この人工関節は、上腕骨に差し込むための軸性軸部および軸部の関節体に連節する首部を有する。その首部は、その方向を調整可能な、関節ヘッド装着用の関節ネックを有する。さらに、首部を選択方向に固定するための固定手段および第1の関節面をもつ関節ヘッドが装備されている。この関節面は肩において、第2の人工関節面または自然関節面と相互作用をする。したがってこの人工関節には、第2の人工関節面をもつ人工関節部分も含まれる。
【0002】
(従来の技術)
EP−A−712617から人工肩関節が公知である。これは、上腕骨溝に固定可能な軸部および全体が半円球状であるキャップを有する。このキャップは肩の関節窩と相互作用するものである。この人工肩関節の場合、軸部は球体状底部をもつ連節座を有する。この連節座にはキャップを収容する手段をもつ球体が配置されている。その他、球体をシャフト軸に対して特定の角度で固定することができる固定手段、特に留めネジを備える。
【0003】
この人工肩関節の場合、軸部と関節ネックの間に球継手があるので首軸の傾角および回転を無段階に制御することができる。この人工関節の欠点は、球面の製作コストが比較的高いこと、および同心球面に関して球面の固定が困難なことである。
【0004】
FR2773469には、軸部およびそれに連節する、ボール・キャップ付きの転向可能な指向部片をもつ人工肩関節が開示されている。この人工関節の場合、骨幹端の軸部末端底部にネジ穴のある半球状窪みを備える。窪みとネジ穴は首軸のほうに向いており、シャフト軸とそれらの角度は事前選択される。窪み内には、窪みの半球面と同心の半球面をもつ転向可能な指向部片が納まり、その肩末端部分で連節している。指向部片は半球状底部をもつ軸性穿孔部を有する。ボール・ヘッドをもつネジがその穿孔部に軸先から挿入されている。その場合、ネジ山部分が指向部片の半球状底部にある円錐状穿孔部を通して突き入れられ、軸部のネジ穴にねじ込まれる。軸部窪みの球面、指向部片の内外球面およびネジ・ヘッドの球面は共通の中心点をもっている。この構成により、この中間部片は軸部に対してあらゆる方向に無段階に転向可能であり、同時に回転可能である。
【0005】
この人工関節の欠点は、球面間の坐りを十分安定なものにするためには、4つの球面が共通の中心をもたねばならず、したがって製作に非常に高い精度が要求されることである。
【0006】
DE−U−29918589.3から、この極端に高い球面精度問題を回避するための人工肩関節が公知である。この人工関節は上腕骨へ埋め込むためのヘッド付軸部を有する。軸ヘッドの領域には回転体が配置される関節面が構成されている。この回転体は軸部に対して第1軸の周りを回転することができる。回転体には、指向軸に沿って延び、回転体に対して第2軸の周りを回転可能である指向部片が連節している。第2軸は第1軸および指向軸と交差している。それにより、指向軸はあらゆる方向に無段階に転向可能である。回転体と指向部片は、それぞれ選択可能な位置に固定することができる。指向部片と回転体を介してヘッド・キャップを軸部に連結することが可能である。
【0007】
軸部と回転体の間の関節面または接触面により、軸部と回転体の間の相対運動は共通の第1軸の周りでだけ可能である。回転体と指向部片の間でも、両者間の関節面または接触面により、回転中心としての共通の第2軸の周りでだけ相対運動が可能である。
【0008】
この人工関節の欠点は、軸部とキャップの間に少なくとも2つの中間部片を必要とすることである。
【0009】
(発明の課題)
したがって、本発明の課題は、シャフト軸に対して選択可能な角度位置において首軸の傾角および回転を固定することができる人工肩関節を作り出すことである。その場合関節ネックは、球継手のように、ただ1つの関節体を通じて直接軸部に連節していなければならない。しかし、この関節体およびこれと相互作用する軸部の面については、球面ほどの精度を必要としない。
【0010】
(発明の説明)
この課題は、本発明に関する請求項1に示された特徴により解決される。本発明によれば、関節体は、その対称軸が関節ネック軸に垂直な位置にある、少なくとも1つの軸対称関節面を有する。この関節面は、回転軸に本質的に回転対称であり、その回転軸が関節面の対称軸に垂直である少なくとも1つの締付面と相互作用する。この締付面は、とりわけ、本質的に平坦な面として形成され、回転軸に対して垂直方向にすることができる。
【0011】
相対する側にある2つの関節面が軸対称に構成され、単に回転対称である2つの非球状締付面と相互作用するようにすることが望ましい。しかし、関節面の1つは球対称に構成することもでき、その場合でも同様の締付面と相互作用することができる。また、相互作用する面の1つだけを球対称とし、他の1つを単に回転対称とすることもできる。
【0012】
締付面は、首軸の周りを回る関節体の回転形態に本質的に等しい形態とするのが有利である。関節体は相対する側に、すなわち、軸部の方向に向いた面にも、ヘッド・キャップの方向に向いた面にも関節面を有することが有利である。これらは異なった形態に構成することもできるが、同じ対称軸を有することが目的にかなっている。関節面は、回転対称であることが望ましいが、しかし回転面に近似した多面体とすることもできる。単純な形態の主なものとしては、円筒体、円錐体あるいはトーラス形態がある。これら3つの基本型の混合形態も可能である。その場合、表面は平坦な平滑面、粗面または溝付面にすることができる。表面には頂部または稜部を形成することができる。また、関節面を自由な形態、例えば波形にすることもできる。単純な円筒形であれば、平坦な締付面上で偏差があっても、締付固定の際に関節体の心出しが行えるという利点がある。
【0013】
関節面は、有利には、関節面対称軸の周りを回る関節ネックの、少なくとも転向角度領域内では対称軸に対して回転対称であり、または対称軸に対して回転対称な面に近似する多面体である。
【0014】
関節面がいくつかのエッジで形成されていれば、あるいは稜部、頂部などを有していれば、関節体の締付固定時に関節面は締付面と噛み合う。同様に、締付面がエッジ、頂部または稜部を有していれば、締付面が関節面と噛み合うことになる。相互作用する両面に、そのようなエッジが形成されているのが有利である。特に有利には、関節面および締付面に互いに噛み合う溝、稜部または波形構造を設け、それによって噛合いを実現することもできる。
【0015】
軸部の相対する側に2つの締付面を構成して、その間に関節体収容のための関節窪みを形成することが有利である。そのために、軸部が、上腕骨に嵌め込み可能な軸柄と、骨幹端軸ヘッドと、軸ヘッドに装着可能な被覆部とを有することが有利である。締付面は軸ヘッドおよび被覆部上に形成される。被覆部はねじ留めできることが有利である。そうであれば、軸部と被覆部の2つの締付面間の距離が簡単に調整可能である。その他の結合形態も考えられ、例えば、蝶番/ネジ結合、締付面に平行でレールに沿った被覆部の差し込み、回転軸に平行な軸ヘッドへの被覆部の装着、差込方向に交差する方向でのボルトもしくはネジによる固定、または被覆部と軸ヘッドの一体的堅固な結合などがある。
【0016】
関節体を軸ヘッドの締付面に、すなわちシャフト軸のほうへ押しつけることのできる、軸部に設置された第1の締付手段に加えて、またはそれに代えて、第2の締付手段を装備すれば有利になることがある。第2の締付手段は、関節体を周囲の面に対して締め付ける、少なくとも1つのネジで構成することができる。このネジは、外側から関節窪み方向へ締め込むことのできるものとする。
【0017】
その場合、関節体にネジ穴を設け、そこに第2の締付手段であるネジをねじ込み可能とすることが有利である。関節ネックは手の届きやすいところにあるので、この穴を関節ネック軸に設ければ有利である。関節体だけに通し穴を設けることもでき、その場合は関節ネックはネジとして形成される。しかし、好ましい実施形態では、ネジ穴を関節ネックにも設け、ネジを関節体と関節ネックが一体となっている首部に通してネジ留めすることができる。
【0018】
関節体を少なくとも一時的に固定するために、締付面の距離が調整できれば有利である。
【0019】
軸ヘッドおよび被覆部に締付面または締付エッジが形成されることが目的にかなっている。締付面と締付エッジの間の関節窪みは、軸ヘッドおよび/または被覆部に形成することができる。
【0020】
以下に、有利な特徴をもつ本発明による人工肩関節の実施形態を、略図に基づき説明する。
【0021】
(図面の説明)
図1は関節面を除いた肩関節の人工関節を示している。軸部13は軸柄15、軸ヘッド17および被覆部53を有する。軸ヘッド17には、関節ネック27と共に首部21を形成している関節体25が設けられている。軸ヘッド17内には関節窪み19が形成されている。その関節窪み19は円形リブ63と円筒型壁面65をもつ平面底部61を有する。壁面65には内ネジ67が形成されている。この内ネジに被覆部53がネジ留めされる。被覆部53には、関節体25の上方関節面73に対応する平坦な締付面71をもつ締付板31が形成されている。締付面71には円形リブ63が形成されている。関節体25は円筒型であり、2つの周辺リブ69を有する。
【0022】
被覆部53を軽く締めると、関節体は2つの締付面の間で、すなわち被覆部53の締付面71と軸ヘッド17の底面61の間で締め付けられる。締付力の程度如何によっては、首部21を、関節面の対称軸である転向軸35の周りでなお転向させ、関節窪み19の軸33の周りで回転させることもできる。締付板31には、その中央に円形または円錐形の開口部77がある。関節窪み19からこの開口部77を通って首突出部27が突出している。開口部77は、首突出部27が十分余裕をもって各方向に転向できるような大きさに設定されている。
【0023】
首突出部27にネジ山のある通し穴を開けて、そこへシャープな先端をもつ留めネジ81をねじ込んで締め付けることができる。留めネジをねじ込むことによってその先端が底部61に作用し、それへ食い込ませることができる。それにより、首部21を軸部13に決定的な状態で固定させることができる。留めネジ81の固定強化には、第2のネジをねじ山にねじ込み、留めネジに対して押しつける。
【0024】
図2には関節体25が同様に円筒型である第2の実施形態が示されている。関節窪み19も円筒型である。関節体25の円筒軸は首軸33に垂直な方向に延びているが、関節窪み19の円筒軸は関節体19の円筒軸に垂直な方向にある。関節窪み19の底部は平坦で、その円筒軸に垂直である。
【0025】
関節体25の寸法は、その正面のエッジが締め付けられることなく関節窪み19の壁面に接し、関節体が常に丁度関節窪みの中心で回転可能である長さとする。
【0026】
この回転にはその都度締付板31も関与する。締付板は円形形態であり、その直線開口エッジ37が円筒表面に接している。締付板31はキャップ・ナット53により軸ヘッド17に固定され、それらの間で自由に回転可能である。それにより、関節窪み19の円筒軸からの首軸33の偏差が360°無段階に調整可能であり、骨断面に対して垂直な方向に合わせることができる。その結果、実際の球継手と同様、首軸の方向設定が球継手状に自由に行える。関節窪み19の底部に向いた関節体25の接触面75aには刻み目が付けてあるので、キャップ・ナット53を締め付けた際に関節窪み19の底平面に条溝が刻印され、その円筒面にエッジが形成される。関節窪みおよび関節体25に刻み目を入れることによって、関節窪み19の円筒軸の周りでの回転も、関節体25の円筒軸35の周りでの回転も阻止される。この実施形態では、締付板は側面からでもキャップ・ナット53と関節ヘッドの間に押し入れることができる。その場合、キャップ・ナットにネジ山は必要でなく、キャップ・ナットは例えば関節窪みの周囲を取り巻く溝に噛み合うように形成することができる。締付板が楔形で、キャップ・ナットへの接触面がそれ相応の角度をもっていれば、締付板の食込みによって関節ヘッドへの締め付け効果を実現することができる。
【0027】
図2には、さらに、首突出部27に装着された偏心輪59も示されている。この偏心輪59を、キャップ29の偏心率調整のために関節ネック軸の周りで関節ネックに対して回転させることができる。その他、人工関節窩12も示されている。
【0028】
図3には第3の実施形態が示されている。関節窪み19は、軸ヘッド17に設けられた外ネジ87にネジ留めされた被覆部53内に形成されている。関節体25は関節面として、相対する側にある2つの切頭円錐面を有する。関節窪み19の底部61も同様に中窪みの切頭円錐形態である。相互作用する円錐面の角度は双方が互いに補うのに相応しい角度になっている。被覆部53の締付板31も同じく切頭円錐形の締付72を有する。
【0029】
締付板31は、キャップ・ナット53により関節体25に対して押しつけられる下敷板として形成することもできる。したがって、それはキャップ・ナットと一体で形成する必要はない。そのことより、キャップ・ナット53を締める際にキャップ・ナットの回転運動が関節体25にはあまり伝わらないという利点が得られる。底部61および/または締付板31の締付固定面は、切頭円錐形態で補完的に配置された1つまたは複数のリング状エッジとして構成することができる。
【0030】
図4には、関節体25が関節窪み19の円筒壁面65にどのように押しつけられるかが示されている。関節体25の軸端部は、壁面65に対してほぼ同心の湾曲窪みとして形成されている。転向軸(35)の周りを関節体25が転向(矢印85)し得るためには、壁面65と関節体25の間に然るべき間隔がなければならない。通常約10°の転向範囲で十分なので、その間隔は小さくすることができる。
【0031】
図5は、関節ネック27を直接固定ネジとして形成する基本的な可能性を示したものである。関節体25には関節ネックをネジ留めするためのネジ穴が設けてある。関節ネックには、ネジを締めることによって関節窪みの底部61に食い込ませることのできる頂部が形成されている。頂部が底部表面に対して常に垂直に当たるように、底部61の当該領域は球面にすることができる。
【0032】
図6は首部25の転向可能性を示している(双方矢印85)。そこでは、図3に示したような、関節ネック27両側の関節体がそれぞれ1つずつ切頭円錐形の関節面を有する。
【0033】
関節面は上下同一である必要はない。図7および図8には、それぞれ関節体25の上部に円錐形関節面73を、下部に円筒形関節面75を有する首部73が示されている。
【0034】
関節ネック27は、それ自体関節体25の一部として形成することが可能である。図9および10には、下面をたる状に面取りして関節面75を形成している首部21が示されている。上部関節面73は関節ネック27と交差するボルト87の上に形成される。
【0035】
首部の軸部への固定は、中央のネジによる方法も可能である。図11には、平坦な、または例えば、エッジ、頂部などで構造化された締付面61をもつ軸部13が示されている。締付面61の中央にはネジ穴91が設けられている。締付面61の上には首部21の円筒形関節面75が接している。首部21は首軸と交差する円形横断面を有する。継手の内部には、周囲に対して同心の、半球状底部95をもつ空洞部93が設けられている。底部には外側方向に開放されている円錐型開口部97がある。ネジ99はそのヘッド101が空洞部93にセットされ、そのネジ軸103が空洞部93の底部95にある開口部97を通って軸部13のネジ穴91内へと延びている。ネジ・ヘッド101は、ネジ99を締めた際に半球状底部に連節し、底部内に食い込む円形エッジを有する。締付力によって締付面61または関節面75が変形するので、首部21が首軸の周りを回る回転は防止される。首部が円筒形関節面75の対称軸周囲を回って起きる位置ずれは、ネジ・ヘッド101と首部の間の結合によって防止される。関節面75の対称軸は底部95の球面の中央を通っている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
軸部内に配置された首部をもつ、本発明による人工関節における軸部正面および連節領域の断面図である。
【図2】
回転可能な締付板、偏心輪、ヘッド・キャップおよび関節窩を有する、本発明による人工関節における軸部の部分断面図である。
【図3】
被覆部関節窪み、円錐形の関節面、締付面を有する、本発明による人工関節における連節領域の断面図である。
【図4】
関節窪みにおける首部の上面図である。
【図5】
締付ネジとして形成された関節ネックをもつ首部の断面図である。
【図6】
円錐形関節面をもつ首部の軸方向図である。
【図7】
下方に円筒形、上方に円錐形の関節面をもつ、首部の側面図および軸方向図である。
【図8】
下方に円筒形、上方に円錐形の関節面をもつ、首部の側面図および軸方向図である。
【図9】
下方にたる状に面取りされた関節ネック関節面、上方に関節ネックから突き出ているボルトをもつ首部の側面図および軸方向図である。
【図10】
下方にたる状に面取りされた関節ネック関節面、上方に関節ネックから突き出ているボルトをもつ首部の側面図および軸方向図である。
【図11】
固定ネジの頭部を納め中央に穴のある首部を伴う軸ヘッド部分の断面図である。

Claims (18)

  1. 肩甲骨の関節窩に固定可能な関節窩(12)または自然関節窩との相互関節作用のための関節窩と、軸柄(15)および上腕骨へ嵌め込むための骨幹端軸ヘッド(17)を有する軸部(13)と、関節体(25)によって軸ヘッド(17)に連節し、首部(21)本体と共に方向調整可能な、ヘッド・キャップ(29)装着用軸性関節ネック(27)を有する首部(21)と、首部(21)を選択方向に固定するための固定手段(53、81)と、人工関節窩(12)または自然関節窩との連節用ヘッド・キャップ(29)とを備える肩関節用の人工関節であって、
    関節体(25)が、単に軸対称の関係にある関節面(73、75)を有し、その対称軸(35)が関節ネック軸に垂直であること、および
    関節面(73、75)が、回転軸(33)に対して本質的に回転対称であり、かつ/または本質的に平坦である、回転軸に対し垂直な位置にある少なくとも1つの締付面(71、61)と、その回転軸(33)が関節面(73、75)の対称軸(35)に垂直な位置関係にある軸部(13)において相互作用することを特徴とする肩関節用の人工関節。
  2. 関節面(75、73)が、関節面(75、73)の対称軸(35)の周りを回る関節ネック(27)の転向角度領域内において対称軸(35)に対して回転対称であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の人工関節。
  3. 関節面(75、73)が、関節面(75、73)の対称軸の周りを回る関節ネックの転向角度領域内において、対称軸に対して回転対称な面に近似する多面体であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の人工関節。
  4. 関節面(75、73)がいくつかのエッジによって形成されていることを特徴とする前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  5. 関節ネック軸の方向で相対する側にある、関節体(25)の関節面(75、73)が異なった形態に構成されていることを特徴とする前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  6. 少なくとも1つの関節面(75、73)が本質的に円錐形であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  7. 少なくとも1つの関節面(75、73)が本質的に円筒形であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  8. 少なくとも1つの関節面(75、73)が本質的にトーラス形であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  9. 少なくとも1つの関節面(75、73)が波形表面を有することを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  10. 軸部(13)が、関節体(25)を軸部(13)に対して押しつけることのできる第1の締付手段(53、99)を有することを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  11. 第2の締付手段としてのネジ(81)をねじ込み可能にするネジ穴が、関節体(25)を貫通して設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  12. 関節ネック(27)が第2の締付手段を構成していることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の人工関節。
  13. ネジ穴が関節ネック(27)を貫通していることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の人工関節。
  14. 軸部(13)の相対する側に2つの締付面(71、61)が形成されており、それらの間に関節体(25)を収容する関節窪み(19)が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  15. 締付面(71、61)の間隔が調整可能であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の人工関節。
  16. 軸部(13)が軸ヘッド(17)上にねじ留め可能な被覆部(53)を有することを特徴とする請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  17. 関節窪み(19)が軸ヘッド(17)内に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の人工関節。
  18. 関節窪み(19)が被覆部(53)内に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項16または17に記載の人工関節。
JP2002542310A 2000-11-16 2001-11-16 肩関節用人工関節 Pending JP2004528053A (ja)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006187622A (ja) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-20 Depuy Products Inc 整形外科用インプラントの向きを再現するシステムおよび方法
JP2006187623A (ja) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-20 Depuy Products Inc 無限に位置決め可能なヘッド部品を伴う関節プロテーゼ
JP2020500683A (ja) * 2016-12-06 2020-01-16 メイヨ フオンデーシヨン フオー メデイカル エジユケーシヨン アンド リサーチ 上腕骨構成要素の可変の傾き、オフセット及び内外反を有する人工肩関節

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ATE265832T1 (de) 2004-05-15
US20040030396A1 (en) 2004-02-12
WO2002039933A1 (de) 2002-05-23
DE50102226D1 (de) 2004-06-09
EP1333783A1 (de) 2003-08-13
EP1333783B1 (de) 2004-05-06

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