JP2004512085A - Surgical cutting instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The surgical instrument (10) has a pair of opposing jaws (30, 32) configured to open and close with each other. Each jaw (30, 32) is positioned to face a proximal end (38, 40) connected to a portion of the surgical instrument, an opposing jaw tip (54, 56) and an opposite jaw. It has facing surfaces (58, 60). The perimeter (62, 64) defines a boundary between the facing surface (58, 60) and the tip of each jaw. A first cut end (70, 72) is provided on a portion of the perimeter (62, 64) of each jaw, thereby defining that jaw tip (54, 56). Each first cut end (70, 72) extends toward the corresponding first cut end (70, 72) of the opposite jaw. Each first cut end (70, 72) is concavely bent inward toward the proximal end of the respective jaw.

Description

[0001]
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to surgical instruments, and more particularly, to cutting surgical instruments having a pair of opposing cutting jaws having a concavely bent tip.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are a variety of different types of surgical instruments having a pair of jaws that are used to cut bones and other objects during a surgical procedure. Such instruments are used to cut bone, and are known as osteotomy forceps, which have a pair of jaws that can be closed at one end, particularly to smooth the surface of the bone. Known osteotomy forceps instruments have a tip on each jaw that extends outwardly in a curved or convex manner away from the instrument. When osteotomy forceps with a convex jaw tip are used to smooth the surface of the bone, the instrument typically leaves a small groove in the bone surface due to the curvature of the jaw tip. It is. The convex curve of the jaw tip leaves a small mirror-image concave groove in the bone during cutting.
[0003]
For many surgical procedures, this incorrect cutting technique leaves a satisfactory bone surface. However, for certain surgical procedures, it is often preferred that the surface of the bone, once cut, be smooth or that the surface of the bone bend outwardly or convexly. For example, when approaching the anterior uterine bone while operating on a human spine, the protruding parts and osteophytes can be easily removed, making the bone surface relatively smooth and outward. Slight bending is preferred. After such an operation, sometimes a metal plate is screwed into the anterior surface of the spine. The smooth, slightly outwardly curved front surface makes mounting and screwing of the metal sheet easier. Conventional convexly curved osteotomy forceps prevent cutting a osteophyte at the same time leaving a satisfactory smooth curved surface in the bone or spine.
[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to solve the above disadvantages and problems of the prior art, a surgical instrument of the present invention is provided. In one embodiment, the surgical instrument has a pair of opposing jaws configured and arranged to open and close with each other. Each jaw has an opposing surface positioned to face the end opposite the proximal end connected to the portion of the surgical instrument or the jaw opposite the free end. The perimeter defines the boundary between the facing surface of each chin and the tip of the chin. At least a first cut end is provided on a portion of the perimeter of each jaw defining the tip of the jaw. Each first cut end extends toward a corresponding first cut end of the opposite jaw. Each first cut end is concavely bent inward toward the proximal end of the respective jaw.
[0005]
As one example, the surgical instrument can be an osteotomy forceps for cutting bone.
[0006]
As an example, each jaw of the surgical instrument can include a pair of spaced apart second cut ends provided in a substantial remainder around each jaw. Each of the second cut ends may be continuous from the first cut end toward the proximal end of the jaw, respectively. Each of the second cut ends may extend toward a corresponding second cut end of the opposite jaw. As yet another example, a concave depression may be formed in the facing surface surrounded by the respective perimeter of each jaw. The recess may be arranged to face the opposite jaw recess.
[0007]
As an example, the jaw of the surgical instrument can have a concavely curved end surface located at the tip of the jaw. The end surface may have a surface curvature corresponding to the curvature of the concave first bent end of each jaw. As one example, the concavely curved first cut end of each jaw may have a curvature defined by a 2 inch radius arc.
[0008]
In one embodiment constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, an osteotomy forceps surgical instrument has a pair of handles extending from a rotational axis that move toward and away from each other. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument can include a pair of jaws with the handle positioned opposite the jaw with respect to the axis of rotation and configured to open and close with each other by movement of the handle. In one embodiment, each jaw of the osteotomy forceps surgical instrument faces a proximal end rotatably connected to a portion of the instrument and a jaw opposite the distal end that is not fixed. And a facing surface located at Each jaw has a perimeter that defines the facing surface of the respective jaw and the tip of the jaw. At least the first cut end is provided at a portion around the jaw. That part of the perimeter defines the tip of the chin. Each first cut end extends toward the corresponding first cut end of the opposite jaw. Each first cut end is concavely bent inward toward the proximal end of the respective jaw.
[0009]
As one example, the osteotomy forceps surgical instrument can include an elastic spring disposed between the handles. The spring may be arranged to bias the handles toward one another and to bias the jaws toward the open position. As another example, the osteotomy forceps surgical instrument can be formed of stainless steel.
[0010]
As one example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, an osteotomy forceps surgical instrument can include a pair of handles extending from a first axis of rotation that move toward and away from each other. Each handle has a drive arm extending beyond the first axis of rotation on the opposite side of the handle. A pair of opposing jaws extend from the second axis of rotation and are configured to open and close with each other. Each jaw has a proximal end with a lever arm extending beyond the second axis of rotation on the opposite side of the respective jaw. Each lever arm is rotatably connected to a corresponding arm of the drive arm between the first and second rotation axes. Each jaw has an opposing surface positioned to face the jaw opposite the free end. The perimeter defines the boundary between the facing surface of each chin and the tip of the chin. At least a first cut end is provided on a portion of the perimeter of each jaw, with a portion of the perimeter defining a tip of the jaw. Each first cut end extends toward a corresponding first cut end of the opposing jaw, and each first cut end is inwardly toward the proximal end of the jaw, respectively. It is bent in a concave shape.
[0011]
Objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. There is a need for an improved surgical instrument that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art described above. The detailed description and drawings illustrate one example of an improved surgical instrument. Variations and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
[0012]
[Detailed description of preferred embodiments]
One embodiment of a surgical instrument constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is described. The present invention relates to an inwardly concave tip for a surgical instrument having a pair of jaws that open and close together to cut or shear material such as bone. FIG. 1 shows a double acting osteotomy forceps as a disclosed example. The jaw tip of the osteotomy forceps of FIG. 1 is bent inwardly concavely in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a conventional convex jaw tip of such a surgical instrument. Although the preferred devices described herein are dual-acting osteotomy forceps, single-action osteotomy forceps, biopsy osteotomy forceps or other methods that use a pair of opposing jaw elements to cut or shear material. Surgical instruments can also utilize the teachings of the present invention.
[0013]
FIG. 1 shows a surgical instrument in the form of a dual acting osteotomy forceps constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The terms adaptability and placement are used to simplify the description of the surgical instrument 10. The terms top, bottom, front, side, end and base are used to describe only the relationship of a component. The use of these terms is not intended to limit the configuration of the surgical instrument and is not intended to limit the applicability of the surgical instrument and components.
[0014]
The surgical instrument 10 has an upper handle 12 and a lower handle 14 connected by a first rotating shaft 16. Handles 12 and 14 can move closer and further away from each other about first axis of rotation 16 to operate the instrument. Optionally, the outer surface 18 of the handles 12 and 14 can be surface treated to improve the gripping characteristics of the instrument. Knots, bumps, grooves, high friction materials, etc. can be added to one or both of the handles to further improve the gripping properties.
[0015]
In the present embodiment, the drive arm 20 extends from the first rotation shaft 16 to the side opposite to the upper handle 12. Drive arm 20 terminates at distal end 22. Similarly, the drive arm 26 extends from the first axis of rotation 16 opposite the lower handle 14 and terminates at a distal end 28. Movement of handles 12 and 14 relative to each other in this embodiment causes distal ends 22 and 28 to move away from each other. In this alternative embodiment, the handle and the drive arm can resemble a pair of pliers. A drive arm is plunged on the first drive shaft, thereby moving the handle to move the ends of the drive arms relative to each other.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, the surgical instrument 10 also includes a pair of upper jaws 30 and lower jaws 32 rotatably connected to each other at a second axis of rotation 34 remote from the first axis of rotation 16. Have a chin. The upper jaw 30 and the lower jaw 32 move around the second rotation axis 34 so as to approach or move away from each other.
[0017]
In this embodiment, the upper lever arm 36 extends from the second drive shaft 34 to the opposite side of the upper jaw 30 and terminates at an unsecured proximal end 38. Similarly, the lower lever arm 40 extends from the second drive shaft 34 to the opposite side of the lower jaw 32 and terminates at an unsecured proximal end 42. Again in this embodiment, the upper jaw 30 and the lower jaw 32 move relative to each other, causing the upper lever arm 36 and the lower bar arm 40 to move closer to and away from each other.
[0018]
A pair of intermediate shafts including an upper intermediate shaft 44 and a lower intermediate shaft 46 are provided to connect the jaws to the handle. The distal ends 22 and 28 of the drive arms 20 and 26 are connected at intermediate shafts 44 and 46 to the proximal ends 38 and 42 of the lever arms 36 and 40. Surgical instruments of this type of construction are known as dual-acting osteotomy forceps. Movement of the handles toward each other causes the drive arms to extend apart from each other and the lever arms to extend from each other. Such movement pulls the jaws toward each other to the closed position.
[0019]
As mentioned above, a single-acting osteotomy forceps of pliers can be used in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In such a configuration, handles 12 and 14 are connected to jaws 30 and 32 with a single axis of rotation. The upper handle extends beyond the axis of rotation and can define a lower jaw. The lower handle extends beyond the axis of rotation and can define an upper jaw. Thereby, the two components intersect. As the handles move toward each other in the pliers configuration, the jaws likewise move toward each other. The dual action of the configuration shown in FIG. 1 makes it easier for the manufacturer or designer to incorporate the preferred mechanical features of the surgical instrument.
[0020]
The handle and jaw of the present invention can be made from any preferred material. One preferred material is high quality stainless steel used in many surgical instruments. Generally, surgical instruments require high precision and tight tolerance control during the manufacturing process and during use. However, the components of the present invention are not limited to special materials.
[0021]
As an optional component, the surgical instrument 10 can include a resilient spring 48 or other suitable biasing element utilized to bias the handles toward one another. In this embodiment, one end of the spring piece 48a is fixed to the upper handle 12, and one end of the spring piece 48b is fixed to the lower handle 14. The free ends of the spring pieces 48a and 48b are connected to each other between the handles. As the handles move toward each other, the resilient spring pieces bend each other overcoming the spring force of each spring piece, closing the jaws. When the handle is released, the resilient spring 48 returns the handle to its open configuration. FIG. 1 shows a surgical instrument 10 with the jaws in an open or resting position. FIG. 3 shows the surgical instrument 10 with the jaws in the closed position.
[0022]
In this embodiment, the upper jaw 30 has a proximal end 50 located near the second rotation axis 34 and the lower jaw 32 has a proximal end 52 located near the second rotation axis 34. The free ends of each jaw define an upper jaw tip 54 and a lower jaw tip 56. The upper jaw facing surface 58 (see FIG. 6) is provided on the upper jaw 30 such that the upper jaw and lower jaw surfaces 58 and 60 face each other, and the lower jaw facing surface 60 (see FIG. 5) is located on the lower jaw. It is provided on the jaw 32.
[0023]
The perimeter 62 of the upper jaw 30 defines a boundary between the facing surface 58 of the upper jaw and the tip 54 of the upper jaw 30. Similarly, the lower jaw perimeter 64 defines a boundary between the lower jaw facing surface 60 and the tip 56 of the lower jaw 32. When the jaws are about to be brought to the closed position as shown in FIG. 3, the facing surfaces 58 and 60 and the perimeters 62 and 64 move toward each other. The front of the perimeter 62 of the upper jaw defining the tip 54 of the upper jaw is sharpened to form an upper first cut end 70. Similarly, the front portion of the lower jaw perimeter 64 defining the lower jaw tip 56 is sharpened to form a lower first cut end 72. As the jaws 30 and 32 move toward the closed position, the upper and lower first cutting ends 70 and 72 come into contact with each other or a cutting or shearing action as determined by the characteristics of the particular surgical instrument. Work together to fulfill
[0024]
A substantial portion of the perimeter 62 of the upper jaw at the front is sharpened to form a pair of upper second cut ends 74a and 74b that follow the upper first cut end 70. The second cut ends are spaced apart on the sides of the upper jaw 30. The second cut ends 74a and 74b are on the side of the facing surface 58 of the upper jaw 30. Similarly, a substantial remainder of the lower jaw perimeter 64 is sharpened or otherwise defined to define a pair of spaced lower second cutting ends 76a and 76b on the side of the lower jaw facing surface 60. It has been sharpened. The lower second cut ends 76a and 76b follow the lower jaw first cut end 72.
[0025]
As is known in the art of these surgical instruments, one or both of the opposing upper and lower surfaces 58 and 60 may be hollowed out, curved or recessed to provide the occlusion of FIG. When in the state, it defines a space between the two jaws. In this embodiment, the upper jaw 30 has a recess 78 and the lower jaw 32 has a recess 80. When used as a surgical instrument, the two indentations 78 and 80 of the jaw cooperate when the jaw is closed to define a cavity for the holding material. As shown in FIG. 6 (top jaw only), one or both jaws are meaningful to form a cavity between the closed jaws 30 and 32 to hold a relatively large amount of cutting material, Indentations or depressions can be provided. When surgical instruments such as dual-acting osteotomy forceps are used in surgery, they are removed from the patient's body so that when the material is cut, the material is not lost and remains in the body or cavity. Preferably, the substance is trapped within the device.
[0026]
As briefly described, FIG. 2 shows a prior art jaw tip configuration of the upper and lower jaws 30 and 32 of such a device. The jaw tip is shown to be convex or outwardly bent from the device. FIGS. 4 and 6 show a novel inwardly concavely bent jaw tip configuration improved in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, both jaws 30 and 32 have corresponding concave curvatures. The first cut ends 70 and 72 of the jaw tips are concavely bent inward toward the proximal end of each jaw. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the tip of each jaw has an end face 82 (upper jaw 30) and an end face 84 (lower jaw 32). In this embodiment, the end faces 82 and 84 are concavely curved inward as shown. The first cut ends 70 and 72 of the upper jaw and lower jaw are shaped to follow the same concave outline of the end faces 82 and 84, respectively, as shown.
[0027]
In one embodiment, the concave inward curvature of the jaws 54 and 56 of the surgical instrument and the first cutting ends 70 and 72 are slightly bent. As an example, the jaw end may have a curvature that defines a two inch radius arc. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the particular width of the jaw tips 54 and 56 and the particular curvature of the first cutting ends 70 and 72 can be varied as required by the particular surgical instrument. As shown in FIG. 6, the planes A of the cut ends 70, 72 and the cut ends 74a, 74b, 76a, 76b coincide.
[0028]
The inward or concave curvature of the jaw tip of the surgical instrument described herein helps remove material such as bone protrusions or bone, while leaving a relatively smooth surface on the bone. For example, in some types of back surgery, bone protrusions or osteophytes are cut away from the spine. Utilizing the prior art surgical instrument of FIG. 2, the convex curvature of the jaw tip leaves negligible grooves in the bone, reflecting the curvature of the jaw tip. Conversely, the surgical instrument of the present invention does not leave grooves or burrs in the cut bone. Instead, it will bend the bone surface relatively smoothly and slightly outward.
[0029]
Although a surgical instrument constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention has been described, the scope of protection of this patent is not limited to this description. On the contrary, this patent includes all embodiments of the teachings of the invention that fall within the scope of protection of the claims or the equivalents of language or conceptual equivalents.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG.
1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a surgical instrument constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, showing the instrument jaws in an open position.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a prior art jaw used in a surgical instrument as shown in FIG.
FIG. 3
FIG. 2 is a side view of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1 with the jaws in an obstructed state.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4 is a top view of the jaw of the surgical instrument shown in FIG.
FIG. 5
FIG. 5 is a top view of the lower jaw of the jaw shown in FIG. 4, with the upper jaw removed.
FIG. 6
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the upper jaw of the jaw shown in FIG. 4 along the line IV-IV.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Surgical instrument 12 ... Upper handle 14 ... Lower handle 16 ... First rotating shaft 18 ... Outer surface 20 ... Drive arm 22 ... End 26 ... Drive arm 28 ... End 30 ... Upper jaw 32 ... Lower jaw 34 ... Second rotary shaft 36 upper lever arm 38 base end 40 lower lever arm 42 base end 44 upper intermediate shaft 46 lower intermediate shaft 48 elastic springs 48a and 48b spring piece 50 base end 52 of upper jaw lower jaw Base end 54 ... Top jaw tip 56 ... Bottom jaw tip 58 ... Top jaw surface 60 ... Bottom jaw surface 62 ... Top jaw periphery 64 ... Bottom jaw periphery 70 ... Top first cut end 72 ... Bottom First cut ends 74a, 74b Upper second cut ends 76a, 76b Lower second cut end 78 Upper jaw depression 80 Lower jaw depression 82 Upper jaw end surface 84 Lower jaw end Surface

Claims (20)

A surgical instrument,
Having a pair of opposing jaws arranged to open and close with each other,
Each jaw has a proximal end connected to a portion of the surgical instrument and an opposing surface disposed opposite the unfixed, opposing distal end and the opposite jaw;
A perimeter that defines the facing surface of each chin and the tip of the chin,
Having a first cut end provided on a portion of the perimeter of each jaw defining the tip of the jaw;
Each first cut end extends toward a corresponding first cut end of the opposite jaw;
A surgical instrument wherein each first cut end is concavely bent inward toward a proximal end of a respective jaw. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the surgical instrument is an osteotomy forceps. Each jaw further has a pair of spaced-apart second cut ends provided in a substantial remainder around each jaw, each of the second cut ends being a respective base from the first cut end. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the surgical instrument extends toward the ends, and each of the second cutting ends extends toward a corresponding second cutting end of the opposing jaw. 2. The surgical device of claim 1, wherein each jaw further has a concave recess in the facing surface surrounded by the respective perimeter, the recess being positioned to face the opposite jaw recess. Appliances. 2. The jaw of claim 1, wherein each jaw further has a concavely curved end face located at the tip of the jaw, the surface having a surface curvature corresponding to the curvature of the concavely curved first cut end of the respective jaw. Surgical instruments. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein each concavely bent first cutting end has a curvature defined by a two inch radius arc. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the surgical instrument further comprises a pair of handles rotatably connected to one end to facilitate opening and closing of the jaws. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein the surgical instrument further comprises a resilient biasing element disposed between the handles to bias the handles toward each other and to bias the jaws toward the open position. An osteotomy forceps surgical instrument,
Having a pair of handles extending from the axis of rotation so as to move toward and away from each other,
A pair of opposing jaws configured to open and close to each other by movement of the handle and located on opposite sides of the handle with respect to the axis of rotation;
Each jaw has a proximal end rotatably connected to a portion of the instrument and an opposite surface that is unsecured and has an opposing surface arranged to face the opposite jaw.
A perimeter that defines the facing surface of each chin and the tip of the chin,
Having a first cut end provided on a portion of the perimeter of each jaw defining the tip of the jaw;
Each first cut end extends toward a corresponding first cut end of the opposite jaw;
Osteotomy forceps surgical instrument wherein each first cut end is concavely bent inward toward a proximal end of a respective jaw. 10. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument of claim 9, further comprising an elastic biasing element disposed between the handles to bias the handles toward one another and the jaws toward the open position. Each jaw further has a pair of spaced-apart second cut ends provided in a substantial remainder around each jaw, each of the second cut ends being a respective base from the first cut end. 10. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the osteotomy forceps extend toward the ends and each of the second cut ends extends toward a corresponding second cut end of the opposite jaw. 10. The bone of claim 9, wherein each jaw further has a concave recess in the facing surface surrounded by a respective perimeter, the recess being arranged to face the opposite jaw recess. Cutting forceps surgical instrument. 10. The jaw of claim 9, wherein each jaw further has a concavely curved end face disposed at the tip of the jaw having a surface curvature corresponding to the curvature of the concavely curved first cut end of the respective jaw. Osteotomy forceps surgical instrument. 10. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein each concavely curved first cutting end has a curvature defined by a two inch radius arc. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument according to claim 9, wherein the handle and jaw are made of stainless steel. An osteotomy forceps surgical instrument,
Having a pair of handles extending from the first axis of rotation so as to move toward or away from each other,
Each handle has a drive arm extending beyond the first axis of rotation on the opposite side of the respective handle;
Having a pair of opposing jaws configured to open and close to each other and extending from the second axis of rotation,
Each jaw has a lever arm extending beyond the second axis of rotation opposite the corresponding jaw and rotatably coupled to a corresponding arm of the drive arm between the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation;
Each jaw has an opposing tip that is not fixed and an opposing surface disposed to face the opposing jaw;
A perimeter that defines the facing surface of each chin and the tip of the chin,
Having a first cut end provided on a portion of the perimeter of each jaw defining the tip of the jaw;
Each first cut end extends toward a corresponding first cut end of the opposite jaw;
Osteotomy forceps surgical instrument wherein each first cut end is concavely bent inward toward a proximal end of a respective jaw. 17. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument of claim 16, further comprising an elastic biasing element disposed between the handles to bias the handles toward one another and the jaws toward the open position. Each jaw further has a pair of spaced-apart second cut ends provided in a substantial remainder around each jaw, each of the second cut ends being a respective base from the first cut end. 17. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument of claim 16, wherein the osteotomy forceps extend toward the ends and each of the second cut ends extends toward a corresponding second cut end of the opposite jaw. 17. The jaw of claim 16, wherein each jaw further has a concavely curved end face disposed at the tip of the jaw, the surface having a surface curvature corresponding to the curvature of the concavely curved first cut end of the respective jaw. Osteotomy forceps surgical instrument. 17. The osteotomy forceps surgical instrument according to claim 16, wherein each concavely bent first cutting end has a curvature defined by a two inch radius arc.