JP2004332832A - Locking device of rotating body and applied object - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To mechanically lock a rotating body at a fine angle pitch. <P>SOLUTION: A locking device is composed of three parts which are basically an annular body, of members on a fixed and rotating sides and of a locking medium, and is mounted on an objective device. The locking medium is interposed between the members on a fixed and rotating sides so as to be locked. In order to materialize remote control of a locking and unlocking operations, a flexible member can be mounted on the locking medium. A part of or whole the locking device can be also used as an existing bearing. In a locking device and a bearing having the locking device, moreover, the locking medium can be moved by fluid force and elastic force. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a device for locking rotation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Techniques for locking a rotating body with a lock pin are known. (For example, see Patent Document 1)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-279702 A
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
First, the background will be described.
The inventor has been engaged in the development of bucket type attachments (hereinafter referred to as buckets) to be attached to construction machines such as hydraulic excavators for many years.
There is also a bucket type in which a rotating device including a hydraulic motor, bearings, and the like is mounted to rotate the bucket itself.
When the bucket receives an external force exceeding the force that can be maintained by the rotating device, there is a problem that the bucket rotates against the intention of the designer.
Specifically, when excavating hard soil such as ground, there was a problem that the excavation resistance opposed the brake valve of the hydraulic motor, causing the bucket to rotate on its own and excavation was virtually impossible. .
For this reason, in a bucket equipped with only a hydraulic motor, it is possible to abandon high-load excavation work or to increase the possibility that the hydraulic motor, etc. may be damaged. Was set high and excavated.
In addition, this bucket also has a gripping function, and when a member such as a long object is removed from the center of gravity and gripped, the rotating moment due to gravity may oppose the brake valve of the hydraulic motor and rotate the bucket. Yes, very dangerous.
[0005]
In view of such a current situation, the present inventor has developed a mechanical locking method using pins as disclosed in JP-A-2001-279702. This mechanical locking method has the advantage that it can be locked securely, but has the disadvantage that the locking position in the circumferential direction is determined by the hole position and the like and cannot be locked at a fine angular pitch. Was.
In another example, a method of friction pressure welding using a conventional hydraulic cylinder as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S58-24627 has been devised. This locking method has an advantage that it can be locked at any position in the circumferential direction of 360 degrees, but since the brake torque is weak when used alone, it is necessary to install a large number of them, and it is practical in terms of installation location and cost. Was scarce.
[0006]
The problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems.
That is, a rotating body such as a bucket is mechanically stopped at a fine angular pitch, that is, locked.
Needless to say, a device having such a lock function is more preferably provided at low cost.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a lock device composed of three parts, which are basically annular bodies, a fixed-side and a rotary-side member and a lock medium, is manufactured and attached to a target device.
A flexible member may be attached to the lock medium so that the locking and unlocking operations can be remotely controlled.
Further, a part or all of the lock device may be used also as an existing bearing.
The lock medium may be moved by tension, fluid force, or elastic force so that the bearing can be remotely operated.
Further details will be described in the next section.
[0008]
【Example】
A description will be given of an embodiment of a rotating body locking device according to claim 1 which solves the above-mentioned problems.
Before that, the rotating body is defined as a device that includes a rotating object and a fixed object that does not rotate.
Specifically, it is an attachment such as a crusher or a fork having a rotating function, a revolving body such as a hydraulic shovel or a crane, a rotating device in a so-called general mechanical device such as a machine tool or an automobile.
The locking device is composed of three parts having an engaging part.
One is a member provided on the fixed side, the other is a member provided on the rotating side, and the last is a member for locking or unlocking the fixed side and the rotating side called a lock medium.
[0009]
The members provided on the fixed side and the rotation side are both objects having a constant cut surface perpendicular to the rotation axis and a circular edge.
That is, the one with one edge is a disk or a cylinder as shown in FIG. 1, and the one with two edges is a ring or a cylinder as shown in FIG. In the future, disks and cylinders will be called circular bodies, and rings and cylinders will be called annular bodies.
The members on the fixed side and the rotating side are both annular bodies, or one is an annular body and the other is a circular body.
[0010]
Before describing the engaging portions provided on both, the surface on which the engaging portions are provided will be described.
When a circular body is selected as the member on the fixed side or the rotating side, the surfaces on which the engaging portions can be provided are two places of the end surface 1 and the outer curved surface 2. There are three places including the inner curved surface 3.
Therefore, when an annular body is selected as both the fixed side member and the rotating side member, there are nine combinations of surfaces on which the engagement portions can be provided, depending on the product of the numbers of the surfaces. 3 to 5 show three examples. (The remaining six are not shown)
Alternatively, when the members on the fixed side and the rotation side are a combination of an annular body and a circular body, the number of combinations of surfaces on which the engagement portions can be provided is six in the same calculation.
Since there are various combinations of surfaces on which the engagement portions can be provided, an appropriate combination is selected in consideration of design restrictions, costs, and the like.
[0011]
Now, the engagement portion itself will be described in detail.
First, the case where the engaging portion 4a is provided on the outer and inner curved surfaces as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 will be described.
At this time, the engaging portion 4a is provided in parallel with the rotation axis. The cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the engaging portion 4a is a square, but a saw-tooth shape, a triangle, an involute, or the like may be selected.
Conversely, the engaging portion 4a may have a concave shape that fits with the above-mentioned convex shape.
The pitch of the engaging portions 4a in the circumferential direction may be appropriately selected, and may be provided discretely or continuously such as a spline or a gear. Care must be taken when discretely provided, since the angular pitch for locking in the circumferential direction is increased.
The position and length of the engaging portion 4a in the axial direction may be appropriately determined. However, since these are all factors that affect the shape of the lock medium described later, care must be taken in that respect.
[0012]
Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the engaging portion 4b provided on the end surface which is a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis will be described.
The engaging portions 4b are provided in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 7, and are arranged on the circumference at an appropriately set pitch. The cross-sectional shape of the engaging portion 4b that is visible when cut along a certain cylindrical surface is a square, but may be a saw-tooth shape, a triangle, or the like as described above.
Further, the engaging portion 4b may be configured by arranging cylinders, or may be conversely concave as described above.
Similarly, the position and length in the radial direction of the engaging portion 4b may be appropriately set.
[0013]
Finally, the relative positions of the fixed-side member and the rotating-side member are, of course, coaxial, but in terms of the axial position, the modulus of the two closest end faces of the fixed-side and rotating-side members is the same. The line vector is either in the same direction, in the opposite direction, or in both directions.
In the examples of FIGS. 3 to 5, the members on the fixed side and the rotating side have the same axial length and are also located at symmetrical positions. Therefore, there are two sets of end faces closest to each other. Also in the set, the normal vectors of the two surfaces are in the same direction. In other words, both sets of end faces face in the same direction.
In the example shown in FIG. 8, the two closest end faces of the fixed and rotating members are one set, and the normal vectors of the two faces are opposite. In other words, the end faces face each other. ing.
[0014]
So far, the shapes, engagement portions, and relative positions of the fixed side member and the rotating side member have been described, but finally the lock medium will be described.
The shape of the lock medium is basically a ring, but may be a part thereof.
The lock medium has two engaging portions provided so as to fit with the engaging portions provided on the two members on the fixed side and the rotating side, respectively.
For example, the engaging portion provided on the lock medium has a concave shape that fits with the mating portion if the mating portion is convex, and a convex shape that fits with the mating portion if the mating portion has a concave shape. It is. Therefore, there are four combinations of the concave and convex shapes of the engaging portion of the lock medium.
As a specific example, FIGS. 9 and 10 show a lock medium 5 fitted to the member shown in FIG.
The lock medium 5 is an annular body, and has two engagement portions 6 that are both concave. The engagement member 6 is fitted to the inner member by the inner engagement portion 6, and the outer member is fitted to the outer engagement member 6. The rotating side and the fixed side are connected to each other by fitting with the part 6.
Next, FIGS. 11 and 12 show examples of the lock medium 5 fitted to the member shown in FIG.
The lock medium 5 also engages with the inner member at the inner engaging portion 6, and engages with the outer member with the outer engaging portion 6, so that the rotating side and the fixed side are connected.
As a last example, FIGS. 13 and 14 show a lock medium 5 that engages with the member of FIG.
As can be seen from the examples of these three lock devices, the size and shape of the lock medium 5 change depending on the position of the engaging portion of the member.
When the engaging portion 4a is provided on a curved surface as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the lock medium can be moved and locked in the axial direction from both the upper and lower directions in the figures, whereas the end surface as shown in FIG. Is provided with an engaging portion 4b, it can be locked only from above in the figure.
Although the above-described embodiment of the lock medium is a ring, it may be a circle.
In these three embodiments, three of the nine combinations of the surfaces on which the engagement portions can be arranged are described with reference to the drawings. Finally, it should be noted that the same can be considered for the six cases of and ring.
[0015]
Although the basic description of the lock device has been described above, the core of the technical idea is to lock or unlock by moving the lock medium, which is a ring, in the axial direction. A variation is that the lock medium may be part of a ring, or the ring may be circular. An embodiment will appear later in which the locking medium must be part of the annulus.
[0016]
Now, several embodiments in which the lock device is attached to a bucket, which is a specific device, will be described. Before that, the bucket will be described.
A plan view and a side view of the bucket are shown in FIGS. FIG. 17 is a sectional view including a bearing.
This bucket is a bucket 100 having a separate opening developed by the present inventor, and is attached to the tip of an arm of a hydraulic shovel. The bucket 100 includes three parts: an upper body 120, a bearing 200, and a lower revolving body 160.
[0017]
The main components of the upper body 120 include a bracket 121, a hydraulic motor 122 for rotating the lower revolving unit 160, a swivel joint 123 for supplying hydraulic oil to the above-described hydraulic cylinder, and a board 124 for attaching them.
The upper body 120 is on the fixed side, and a boss 125 for coupling to the construction machine arm is provided on the bracket 121.
[0018]
The lower revolving unit 160 connects the bearing 200 with a pivoting device including a bucket container 163 composed of the container 161 and the opening 162, and a hydraulic cylinder including a hydraulic cylinder for pivoting the opening 162 around the pivot 164 with respect to the container 161. It comprises a bracket 165 and a lower revolving plate 166.
[0019]
The bearing 200 is what is called a turning seat or a turning wheel, and connects the fixed side and the rotating side.
[0020]
The usage status of the bucket 100 will be described.
Normally, as shown in FIG. 16, the opening 162 is in contact with the container 161 and forms the same shape as a conventional bucket, and is used for excavation work in this state.
When it is desired to grasp a concrete block, asphalt piece, or the like, the opening 162 is pivoted around the pivot 164 with a hydraulic cylinder.
The lower revolving unit 160, that is, the bucket container 163 is rotated with respect to the upper unit 120 by the hydraulic motor 122, so that the grasped object can be rotated and the direction of the bucket itself can be changed.
As described above, the bucket 100 has a composite function of excavation, gripping, rotation, and the like, and promotes efficiency in civil engineering construction work and the like.
However, the above-described problem that the bucket rotates is occurring.
Then, the lock device of the present invention is attached to the bucket.
[0021]
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described.
As the first embodiment, an embodiment in which the lock device 7 is mounted outside the bearing 200 as shown in FIG. 18 will be described.
Since it is installed outside the bearing 200, both the fixed-side member 8 and the rotating-side member 9 are formed into rings.
One end surface of the fixed member 8 is connected to the lower surface of the substrate 124.
The rotation-side member 9 is larger than the fixed-side member 8 and is arranged outside so that the lock medium 5 can be easily moved from above, and one end surface thereof is connected to the upper surface of the lower revolving plate 166, The free end faces of the member 8 and the rotating member 9 are opposite to each other. The two free end faces are also the closest end faces.
An engaging portion 4af is provided on an outer curved surface of the fixed member 8 and an engaging portion 4ar is provided on an inner curved surface of the rotating member 9.
Then, between the two, the lock medium 5 as shown in FIG. 13 is first guided by the fixed side engaging portion 4af, descends, starts to be fitted with the rotating side engaging portion 4ar, and finally turns to the rotating side. Is locked with the upper end surface of the member 9 and the state is maintained. Further, the lock medium may be fixed with bolts or the like so as not to fall off.
This embodiment is one example of nine combinations of the surfaces on which the engagement portions are provided, but of course, the other eight combinations are also possible.
The fixed member 8 is attached downward, and the rotating member 9 is attached upward. However, both members are attached upward, that is, the free end faces of both members are above the substrate 124. They may be provided respectively, or they may be attached downward so that the free end faces of both members are below the lower revolving plate 166, and the engaging portions may be provided in that state.
By newly installing this lock device on the bucket, the lower swing body can be locked at a fine angular pitch, but there are the following problems.
Since all three members constituting the lock device 7 are large, that is, have a large wall thickness, the rigidity is insufficient and it is difficult to manufacture the lock device 7. In addition, the lock medium 5 was heavy, and it was difficult to remove it manually.
[0022]
Therefore, an embodiment in which the locking device is downsized and mounted inside the bearing will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the locking device 7 is inside the bearing 200 and a part thereof is visible. Since the lock medium 5 has the substrate 124, it cannot be taken out of the lock medium 5. Therefore, an opening 126 is provided, a hand is put in through the opening 126, and the lock medium 5 is moved in the axial direction to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state.
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 20, even in the case of being mounted inside the bearing 200, since the swivel joint 123 is present, both the fixed-side member 8 and the rotating-side member 9 are formed into rings as in the above-described embodiment. I have.
When mounted inside the bearing 200, since there are plates on the upper and lower sides, one end face of the fixed member 8 is always connected to the lower surface of the substrate 124, and its free end face faces downward, and similarly, One end face of 9 is always connected to the upper face of the lower revolving plate 166, and its free end face faces upward. In this case, the normal vectors of the two closest end faces of the fixed member 8 and the rotating member 9 are opposite to each other, and they are opposed to each other.
As in the previous embodiment, the fixed-side member 8 is mounted inside the rotating-side member 9. This is because the movement of the lock medium 5 is easier when the lock medium 5 is disposed outside the inside of the fixed member 8.
The engaging portion of the fixed member 8 is provided on the outer curved surface, and the engaging portion of the rotating member 9 is provided on the inner curved surface. Of course, other combinations are also possible.
FIG. 20 shows a state in which the lock medium 5 does not lock the member 9 on the rotation side and the member 8 on the fixed side. However, since the lock medium 5 is dropped by gravity as it is, the bolt is passed through the through hole 10 and fixed with the screw hole 11. .
In this embodiment, the lock medium 5 is always fitted with the engaging portion 4af of the fixed member 8, and does not fall out even if it moves up and down, and cannot be taken out.
In order to lock, the lock medium 5 is moved downward along the engaging portion of the fixed member 8 to be fitted to the engaging portion of the rotating member 9.
When the lock device is installed inside as described above, the lock device itself is reduced in size, manufacturing is facilitated, and the cost is reduced.
However, the installation becomes troublesome, and furthermore, the lock medium must be lifted by putting a hand under the substrate and then fixed with a bolt, which causes a problem that the locking operation is troublesome.
[0023]
Therefore, an embodiment will be described in which the lock medium is part of a ring so that the lock medium can be easily moved.
As shown in the plan view of FIG. 21, the lock medium 5 is formed as a part of the ring so that the lock medium 5 can be taken out from the opening 126. The lock medium 5 can be easily moved manually to lock or unlock the rotation of the bucket.
Of course, also in the lock device installed outside the bearing, the lock medium may be a part of the ring.
However, since the operation is performed manually, the construction machine operator or a nearby worker has to go to the bucket to move the lock medium.
[0024]
Therefore, an embodiment according to claims 2 and 10, wherein the movement of the lock medium can be remotely controlled by using a flexible member such as a rope or a wire, will be described below.
The guide block 127 shown in FIG. The guide block 127 has a ring 128 through which a wire 129 passes and one end of which is connected to the lock medium 5. A projection 130 is formed below the guide block 127.
The protrusion 130 is engaged with the upper surface of the lock medium 5 when the lock medium 5 is moved upward by the wire 129 after the guide block 127 is attached to the substrate 124, so that the lock medium 5 is a fixed member. It serves as a stopper that does not fall off from the engaging portion of the. Of course, instead of the protrusion 130, the substrate 124 may be extended to be above the lock medium 5 so as to serve also as a stopper.
The other end of the wire 129 is further led to a driver's seat of a construction machine through a plurality of rings.
By pulling the wire 129, the operator can move the lock medium 5 upward while staying in the driver's seat, unlock the lock medium 5, and rotate the bucket.
In this embodiment, the main purpose is to use a flexible member such as a wire or a rope as a means for transmitting a force from the driver's seat to the bucket, and a link is used as a means for finally transmitting a force to the lock medium in the bucket. A mechanism or a pulley may be used.
Although the embodiment in which the lock medium 5 is a part of the ring is shown, even if the lock medium is the ring, a plurality of flexible members are similarly attached in the circumferential direction and moved by the tension. May be configured.
Such a configuration can be applied not only to a bucket having a lock device but also to a rotating body having a lock device.
[0025]
Next, an embodiment according to claims 3 and 10 will be described in which the inner ring of the bearing is used as a member on the rotation side.
As shown in FIG. 23, the lock medium 5 is a part of a ring.
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 24, the inner ring 201 of the bearing 200 also serves as the rotating member 9 and the inner teeth 202 also serve as the locking portion 4ar of the rotating member.
The fixed-side member 8 is an annular body and is arranged inside the rotation-side member 9, and its engaging portion 4af is provided to face the internal teeth and 202.
An extraction rod 12 is attached to the lock medium 5 for easy handling.
The lock medium 5 is inserted from the opening 126 provided in the substrate 124, guided by the engaging portion 4af of the fixed member, and fitted and locked with the internal teeth 202 of the rotating member.
Even in this case, the lock medium 5 may be remotely controlled by a flexible member such as a wire.
Although the fixed member is a ring, the lock medium is a part of the ring, and therefore may be a part of the ring including at least a portion that engages with the lock medium.
In this embodiment, the inner ring is on the rotating side, but when the outer ring is on the rotating side, the outer ring may be shared.
Such a configuration can be applied not only to a bucket having a lock device but also to a case where a lock device is newly installed on a rotating body having a bearing.
[0026]
As can be seen from the previous embodiments, it is not possible to physically install the fixed and rotating members unless they are formed into a ring, but if there is no effect on existing equipment, a combination of a circle and a ring may be used. Absent.
[0027]
Some embodiments in which a lock device is attached to a bucket-examples in which a lock device is installed inside and outside a bearing, examples in which a flexible member is connected to a lock medium, and examples in which a part of a bearing is a member on the rotating side- As described above, these lock devices are not limited to buckets, and can be applied to other rotating bodies and revolving bodies.
[0028]
Next, a lock device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention will be described in which the lock medium is moved not by tension but by a fluid force such as pressure oil or air or an elastic force of a spring.
FIGS. 25 and 26 show a bottom view and a cross-sectional view of an actuator 50 that moves the lock medium in the axial direction by a fluid force such as pressure oil or air or the elastic force of a spring.
Since the lock medium 5 is an annular body, the actuator 50 has a great feature that it has the same shape. The actuator 50 includes a piston 51, a body 52, a spring 53, a cover 54, an O-ring 55, and the like.
The piston 51 is an object that performs linear motion by receiving pressure from a working fluid. In this embodiment, the lock medium 5 and the piston 51 are made of the same member, but may be separate parts. However, in order to transmit the linear movement of the piston 51 to the lock medium 5, the piston 51 and the lock medium 5 must be fastened by a fastening element such as a screw or a key, or joined by an adhesive or welding.
The piston 51 is also an annular body, and is provided with an O-ring 55, a plurality of holes formed at equal pitches on the circumference, and a spring 53 mounted thereon.
The body 52 is an object in which the above-described piston 51 enters, and for which an annular groove is formed. Instead of attaching the spring 53 to the piston 51, the spring 53 may be attached to the body 52. The spring 53 is a coil spring, but another spring such as a leaf spring may be used.
There are two covers 54 inside and outside the piston 51, both serving as guides for the piston, and fitted with an O-ring 55 for sealing the working fluid. These sealing elements may be sealing members other than O-rings.
In the actuator 50 configured as described above, the piston 51, that is, the lock medium 5 is normally pushed downward by the spring 53, but moves upward when a working fluid such as pressure oil flows in from the joint port 56. Further, the lock device may be assembled by selecting a spring that pulls the lock medium.
The actuator 50 enables remote control of the lock medium using a fluid, and can be applied to a bucket or another rotating body described below.
[0029]
An embodiment according to claim 10 in which a lock device having this actuator is mounted on a bucket will be described.
As shown in FIG. 27, the actuator 50 is attached to the fixed member 8 with bolts, and the lock medium 5 is always engaged with the engaging portion 4af of the fixed member 8. In this state, the lock medium is moved upward by the pressure oil, and the fixed side and the rotation side are free. When the supply of the pressure oil is stopped, the spring 53 pushes the piston 51 downward, the lock medium engages with the engaging portion 4ar of the rotating member 9, and the fixed side and the rotating side are locked.
As mentioned earlier, there are nine combinations of the surfaces on which the engaging portions of the fixed side member and the rotating side member, both of which are ring bodies, are provided. However, since this actuator 50 is an actuator that linearly moves the ring body, The lock medium for any combination can be applied. At that time, the lock medium and the piston may be separately manufactured as described above.
[0030]
Further, even when the lock medium is a part of the ring, the actuator 50 having the same shape can be manufactured as shown in FIG. 28, and the lock medium can be linearly moved.
The sectional view of FIG. 28 is the same as FIG. That is, the piston and the body are also part of the ring. The spring may be appropriately provided in consideration of the circumferential length of the piston. The cover can in this case be made in one piece.
Such an actuator is used when the lock medium as shown in FIGS. 21 and 23 is a part of the ring, but a conventional cylinder type may be used.
[0031]
Although the embodiments applied to various lock devices and buckets have been described above, an embodiment in which the lock device itself is incorporated in a bearing will be described.
The conventional bearing has a shape as shown in FIG. 29 and can be regarded as having a ball inserted between the rings. Therefore, even in such a bearing, there are combinations of surfaces on which nine types of engagement portions can be provided, and the shape and size of the lock medium are determined by the combinations.
[0032]
Although simply adding a lock device to the bearing adds new value, more preferably, if the shape of the bearing is similar to the conventional shape, there is an advantage that the bearing can be easily used in the conventional device.
Therefore, considering replacing a part of the bearing with a lock medium so that the bearing incorporating the lock device is similar to the conventional bearing, the bearings except the lock medium are basically the following three types, A part of the outer ring is removed as shown in FIG. 30, a part of the inner ring is removed as shown in FIG. 31, and a groove is provided between the inner ring and the outer ring as shown in FIG. What was done is considered. Besides, it is conceivable to remove the outer ring and the inner ring at the same time. However, since these basics may be combined, they are omitted.
The lock medium enters the removed space, and in that state it resembles a conventional bearing.
[0033]
The surface of the above three types of bearings on which the engaging portions are provided will be described.
In the case of the bearing shown in FIG. 30, only one combination of the upper surface of the outer race and the outer curved surface of the inner race is provided for the combination of the surfaces on which the engagement portions can be provided. Similarly, in the case of the bearing shown in FIG. 31, there is only one combination of the surface on which the engaging portion can be provided, that is, the combination of the upper end surface of the inner ring and the inner curved surface of the outer ring.
However, in the case of the bearing shown in FIG. 32, since each of the inner ring and the outer ring has two surfaces, there are four combinations of the surfaces on which the engaging portions are provided.
When an annular groove is formed between the outer ring and the inner ring as described above, when the bottom surface of the groove is formed of the inner ring and the outer ring, there are four combinations of surfaces on which the engaging portions are provided. When the bottom surface of the groove is constituted by the inner ring or the outer ring alone, there are two combinations of the surfaces on which the engaging portions are provided, which will come out later.
[0034]
Next, the lock medium will be described. The lock medium is provided with an engagement portion so as to be fitted with the engagement portion provided on the bearing.
FIG. 33 shows a bearing in which an engagement portion is provided by removing a part of the outer ring, and a lock medium fitted with the bearing. The lock medium is guided by the engagement portion of the inner ring, and fits with the engagement portion of the outer ring.
FIG. 34 shows a bearing in which a groove is formed between an inner ring and an outer ring to provide an engaging portion, and a lock medium fitted with the bearing.
This is one of the four combinations described above, and the engaging portions are provided on curved surfaces, respectively, guided by the engaging portions of the outer ring, and engaged with the engaging portions of the inner ring.
In these embodiments, since the shape of the conventional bearing can be maintained while the locking device is built in the bearing, it is easy to replace the bearing used in the conventional device.
[0035]
Now, an embodiment in which a locking device is incorporated in the bearing used for the above-described bucket will be described. Before that, a conventional bearing also called a swivel seat will be described.
FIG. 35 shows a sectional view of a conventional bearing. The inner ring 201, the outer ring 203, and the rolling elements, here, the balls 204, are main components. Further, in this bearing, the inner ring 201 has the inner teeth 202, and it can be seen that the inner ring 201 rotates. The inner and outer races are provided with screw holes 205 as fastening elements.
[0036]
36 and 37 show a bearing 200 of the present invention incorporating a locking device.
Since the conventional bearing has a screw hole 205 in the outer ring 203, the outer ring as shown in FIG. 30 cannot be removed and its space cannot be replaced with a lock medium. Therefore, in the bearing of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 34, a groove 206 is provided between the inner ring 201 and the outer ring 203, and the space is replaced with a lock medium.
The engaging portion 4ar of the inner ring 201 is provided on the inner curved surface of the groove 206, and the engaging portion 4af of the outer ring 203 is also provided on the inner curved surface of the groove 206. The annular groove 206 is formed on the inner ring 201 side. Therefore, there is another case where the combination of the surfaces on which the engagement portions are provided on the inner ring 201 and the outer ring 203 selects the lower surface of the groove 206.
In this embodiment, the groove 206 is provided on the inner ring side. However, the groove 206 may be provided on the outer ring side, or may be provided symmetrically right above the ball.
The cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the two engaging portions 4ar and 4af is a convex square. Of course, each engaging portion may have a shape other than a square as described above, or may have a concave shape.
The lock medium is an annular body as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, and a concave rectangular engaging portion is provided on two curved surfaces so as to fit with the engaging portion provided in the groove 206 of the bearing body. I have. This lock medium is guided by the engaging portion 4af of the fixed outer ring 203, engages with the rotating engaging portion 4ar, and completely enters the bearing body.
[0037]
In addition to providing a groove between the inner ring and the outer ring as in this embodiment and replacing the space with a lock medium, a part of the inner ring as shown in FIG. 31 is removed and the space is replaced with a lock medium. Is also possible.
The bearing configured as described above can select between a state in which the lock medium 5 is allowed to rotate and a state in which the lock medium 5 is locked by axial movement.
In addition to this embodiment, the bearing incorporating the locking device may use a roller as a rolling element, may have external teeth or no teeth, and may have a screw hole or a through hole as a fastening element. It does not matter if you do not have one. The point is that a bearing having at least two members, a fixed side and a rotating side, can include a locking device.
This embodiment is an example in which a locking device is built in while being similar in shape to a conventional bearing. If it is not desired, locking devices having various shapes can be attached as described above.
[0038]
Now, it is possible to manufacture a bearing with a locking device in this way, but this cannot be used for the bucket described above.
This is because in the buckets shown in FIGS. 15 and 17, the board 124 is located above the bearings, and the bracket 121 is located further above the bearings, so that the lock medium cannot be moved to avoid them.
Therefore, the lock medium is made a part of the ring body, and an opening 126 is provided at a position not interfering with the bracket 121 as shown in FIG. 38 so that the lock medium can be taken in and out.
In this way, the locked or unlocked state of the bearing can be easily selected.
Of course, this lock medium may also be provided with a stick so that it can be easily taken out, or may be remotely operated with a flexible member such as a wire.
When it is desired to further increase the locking torque, a similar opening may be provided at the right position in the drawing to insert the lock medium.
[0039]
Next, an embodiment according to claim 7 in which the above-mentioned actuator is mounted as a means for moving a lock medium on a bearing incorporating the lock device will be briefly described with reference to FIG.
This actuator has been described previously and will not be described here.
The lock medium 5 is guided by the engaging portion 4af of the outer ring 203 by the spring 53 and descends, and fits with the engaging portion 4ar of the inner ring 201. The outer ring 203 and the inner ring 201 are normally locked and do not move. When unlocking is desired, if a fluid such as pressure oil is supplied from the joint port 56, the piston 51 rises to be in an unlocked state, and the bearing is free.
When the bearing having the locking device with the actuator is applied to the above-mentioned bucket, the shape is substantially similar and the screw hole 205 can be used, so that the bucket can be easily attached.
If this actuator is used, a lock medium of any shape can be moved, and therefore, regardless of this embodiment, it is applicable regardless of how the fixed side and the rotation side engaging portions are provided.
Also, when the lock medium is a part of the ring, an actuator as shown in FIG. 28 may be used.
Such a configuration can be applied not only to a bucket having a lock device but also to another rotating body having a lock device.
[0040]
Next, two embodiments of the bearing according to claim 8, which have a locking device in which an elastic force and a fluid force act directly on the locking medium without using an independent actuator, will be described.
First, the embodiment of FIG. 40 will be described.
The groove 206 is provided in the inner race 201 inside the ball 204 to make the bearing compact. Therefore, the lower side of the side wall of the groove 206 near the ball 204 is constituted by the inner ring 201 and the upper side is constituted by the outer ring 203.
Of course, if the groove 206 is moved upward from the ball 204, as shown in FIG. 37, all the side walls of the groove close to the ball become outer rings, but the height of the bearing becomes high and heavy.
In the groove 206, the engaging portion 4 ar of the inner ring 201 on the rotating side is provided on a side wall far from the ball 204, and the engaging portion 4 af of the outer ring 203 on the fixed side is provided on a side wall near the ball 204.
The cross-sectional shapes of the two engagement portions perpendicular to the rotation axis are both convex and square. Needless to say, the engaging portions may be other than square or concave.
The lock medium 5 enters the groove 206 and has a concave engaging portion that engages with the above-described engaging portion.
The inner ring 201 has a plurality of holes, into which the springs 53 are inserted.
The lock medium 5 is always engaged with the rotating side engaging portion 4ar, and is guided upward by the elastic portion of the spring 53 while being guided by the engaging portion 4ar, and is normally engaged with the fixed side engaging portion 4af. And the inner and outer rings are locked. To release the lock, if a working fluid such as pressure oil is supplied from the joint port 56 of the upper outer ring 203, the lock medium 5 is lowered and the lock is released.
Two O-rings 55 serving as sealing elements are provided outside the groove 206 to seal pressure oil. In this case, since one O-ring 55 is provided at a position beyond the ball 204, it also serves as lubrication for the ball 204. The sealing element may use other sealing members other than the O-ring.
[0041]
Next, a second embodiment of FIG. 41 will be described.
The groove 206 is provided in the outer ring 203, and is formed inside the ball 204 to similarly make the bearing compact.
Therefore, the side wall of the groove 206 far from the ball 204 is constituted by the inner ring 201 on the lower side and the outer ring 203 on the upper side.
In the groove 206, the engaging portion 4 ar of the inner ring 201 on the rotating side is provided on a side wall far from the ball 204, and the engaging portion 4 af of the outer ring 203 on the fixed side is provided on a side wall near the ball 204.
The cross-sectional shapes of the two engagement portions perpendicular to the rotation axis are both convex and square. Needless to say, the engaging portions may be other than square or concave.
The lock medium 5 enters the groove 206 and has a concave engaging portion that engages with the above-described engaging portion.
The outer ring 203 has a plurality of holes, into which the springs 53 are inserted.
The lock medium 5 is always engaged with the fixed-side engaging portion 4af, is pushed down by the elastic force of the spring 53 while being guided by the engaging portion 4af, and is normally engaged with the rotating-side engaging portion 4ar. And the inner and outer rings are locked. To release the lock, if a working fluid such as pressure oil is supplied from the joint port 56 of the inner ring 201 below, the lock medium 5 rises and the lock is released.
Two O-rings 55 serving as sealing elements are provided outside the groove 206 to seal pressure oil. In this case, since one O-ring 55 is provided at a position beyond the ball 204, it also serves as lubrication for the ball 204. The sealing element may use other sealing members other than the O-ring.
[0042]
Since there are some points common to the two embodiments, they will be summarized and described.
First, the lock medium 5 is moved directly by the working fluid. In other words, in order to do so, it can be said that the groove 206 is a closed space so that the working fluid does not leak.
Second, the locking device is arranged inside the ball and close to the ball in order to make the bearing compact. If not necessary, the groove 206 may be formed on the outer ring on or outside the ball.
Third, the lock medium 5 is always engaged with the engaging portions 4af and 4ar of the outer ring 203 and the inner ring 201 by the elastic force of the spring 53, and the outer ring 203 and the inner ring 201 are locked and do not move.
The fourth point is that the hydraulic fluid is used as the working fluid and the ball 204 is sealed by using the oil.
Fifth, due to the above characteristics, the number of parts is small, and it can be manufactured at low cost.
[0043]
The different point is that the lock medium is guided from the engagement portion of the inner ring 201 or the outer ring 203 and engages with the other engagement portion.
In other words, whether it is guided from the fixed side engaging portion 4af and engages with the rotating side engaging portion 4ar, or is guided from the rotating side engaging portion 4ar and engages with the fixed side engaging portion 4af. That is the point.
[0044]
In both embodiments, both springs may be housed in the lock medium. The spring 53 is a coil spring, but other springs such as a leaf spring may be used. Then, a spring that pulls the lock medium may be selected to assemble the lock device.
Further, the space for sealing the working fluid does not need to include a ball, and especially when operated with air or the like other than oil, the ball 204 is supplied with oil or grease. I have to do it. However, when oil is used for the working fluid, the rolling elements can be lubricated by sealing the area including the rolling elements. Conventionally, grease or oil is supplied to the rolling elements, so that the leaked grease or oil contaminates the device or the environment and looks dirty, but such a situation is solved.
In these embodiments, in order to apply the bearing with the lock device to a bucket or the like, the inner ring and the outer ring are always locked. However, on the contrary, the spring is normally set so that the inner ring and the outer ring are unlocked. May be changed in position and type.
[0045]
Bearings with a built-in locking device, in which the lock medium is moved directly by the working fluid, are similar to conventional bearings, so they can be easily replaced with conventional bearings, and can be easily mounted on buckets or other rotating bodies. It can be used.
In addition, this bearing not only plays a role in applications where it is necessary to support the rotating body and lock the rotation at the same time, but also promotes space saving, cost reduction, and modularization of parts and equipment. .
【The invention's effect】
1) By using the lock device according to the first aspect, the rotating body can be locked.
2) When installing it in a bucket, an existing bucket can be used. When it is installed outside the bearing, it is easy to install, and when it is installed inside the bearing, the lock device can be manufactured small and inexpensively.
Furthermore, if the lock medium is a part of the ring, the lock medium is small and light, so that it can be manufactured at low cost and can be easily unlocked.
3) The use of the lock device according to claim 2 enables remote control of the lock medium at low cost.
4) By using the lock device according to the third aspect, the lock device can be configured at lower cost.
5) Even with the use of the lock device according to claim 4, a lock device that can be remotely operated can be configured. In particular, if the existing device has a hydraulic system, a lock system capable of automating the lock device can be constructed by using the hydraulic system.
6) When it is applied to a bucket, a system with less burden on the operator can be constructed as compared with a remote control system using a flexible member.
7) The bearing according to the fifth aspect is an element component for supporting a new rotating body that has a function of locking rotation in addition to a function of supporting the rotating body.
8) In particular, the bearing according to the sixth aspect is similar to the conventional bearing while incorporating the locking device, so that the locking function can be provided only by replacing the bearing of the conventional device.
9) When it is applied to a bucket, a bucket having a locking function can be constructed at low cost only by replacing the conventional bearing.
10) The bearing according to claim 8 has a built-in locking device that can be moved by a fluid force and is substantially similar in shape to a conventional bearing, so that it can be easily applied to a conventional device. It is particularly preferred if the existing device has a hydraulic system.
11) If it is applied to a bucket, a bucket having a lock device that can be remotely operated simply by replacing it with a conventional bearing can be manufactured at low cost, and automation is easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circle.
FIG. 2 is a ring.
FIG. 3 is an example 1 of a fixed-side member and a rotation-side member both provided with an engagement portion.
FIG. 4 is an example 2 of a fixed-side member and a rotation-side member both provided with an engagement portion.
FIG. 5 is a third example of the fixed-side and rotation-side members both provided with an engagement portion.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the member of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the member of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 shows members on a fixed side and a rotating side whose end faces face each other.
FIG. 9 is a lock medium fitted with the member of FIG. 3;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 shows a lock medium fitted with the member of FIG.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a lock medium fitted with the member of FIG.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 15 is a plan view of a bucket.
FIG. 16 is a side view of a bucket.
17 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 18 shows an embodiment in which a lock device is installed outside a bearing.
FIG. 19 is a plan view of an upper body in which a lock device is installed inside a bearing.
20 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
FIG. 21 is a plan view of an upper body on which a lock device having a lock medium that is a part of an annular body is installed.
FIG. 22 is an embodiment using a flexible member.
FIG. 23 is a plan view of an upper body in which a lock device in which a member on the rotation side is replaced by a bearing ring is installed.
24 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
FIG. 25 is a bottom view of the actuator.
26 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 25.
FIG. 27 shows a bucket on which a lock device to which an actuator is attached is mounted.
FIG. 28 is a plan view of an actuator that is a part of a ring.
FIG. 29 is a conventional bearing.
FIG. 30 is a bearing in which a part of an outer ring is removed.
FIG. 31 is a bearing in which a part of an inner ring is removed.
FIG. 32 shows a bearing in which a groove is formed between an inner ring and an outer ring.
FIG. 33 is a bearing in which a part of an outer ring is replaced with a lock medium.
FIG. 34 is a bearing in which a groove is formed between an inner ring and an outer ring, and a lock medium enters therein.
FIG. 35 shows a conventional bearing used for a bucket.
FIG. 36 is a plan view of a bearing in which a lock device is built between an inner ring and an outer ring of a conventional bearing used for a bucket.
FIG. 37 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 36;
38 is a plan view of an upper body using the bearing of FIG. 37 for a bucket.
FIG. 39 is a radial sectional view of a bearing to which an actuator is attached.
FIG. 40 shows a first embodiment of a bearing incorporating a lock device in which elastic force and fluid force act directly on the lock medium.
FIG. 41 shows an embodiment 2 of a bearing having a built-in lock device in which elastic force and fluid force act directly on the lock medium.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 end face
2 outer curved surface
3 inner curved surface
4a Engagement part (parallel to axis)
4af Engagement part of fixed side member (parallel to axis)
4ar Engagement part of rotation side member (parallel to axis)
4b Engagement part (perpendicular to axis)
5 Lock medium
6 Engagement part of lock medium
7 Lock device
8 Fixed member of lock device
9 Rotating member of lock device
10 Through hole
11 Screw hole
12 Ejection stick
50 Actuator
51 piston
52 Body
53 spring
54 Cover
55 O-ring
56 Joint port
100 buckets
120 upper body
121 bracket
122 hydraulic motor
123 swivel joint
124 substrate
125 boss
126 opening
127 Guide block
128 rings
129 wire
130 protrusion
160 Lower revolving superstructure
161 Container part
162 opening
163 bucket container
164 Axis
165 bracket
166 Lower turning plate
200 bearing
201 Inner ring
202 Internal teeth
203 Outer ring
204 balls
205 screw hole
206 groove

Claims (10)

A locking device for a rotating body, comprising fixed and rotating members and a lock medium, and having the following features.
The members on the fixed side and the rotating side are both annular bodies, or if one of them is an annular body, the other is a circular body and both have an engaging portion.
The lock medium is an annular body or a part thereof, and has an engagement portion that is fitted to an engagement portion of each of the fixed-side and rotation-side members. When the lock medium is a part of the ring, the member on the fixed side may be a part of the ring.
The fixed-side member and the rotation-side member are arranged coaxially, and the rotation-side member and the fixed-side member are locked or unlocked by the axial movement of the lock medium. The lock device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible member is connected to a lock medium. The lock device according to claim 1, wherein the movable wheel of the bearing is a member on the rotation side. 2. The lock device according to claim 1, wherein an actuator of a ring that performs a linear motion or an actuator that is a part of the ring that performs a linear motion is mounted. A bearing comprising the locking device according to claim 1. The bearing according to claim 5, wherein a part of the bearing is replaced with a lock medium. 6. The bearing according to claim 5, wherein an actuator of a ring that performs a linear motion or an actuator that is a part of the ring that performs a linear motion is mounted. The bearing according to claim 5, wherein a space is provided between the inner ring and the outer ring, the lock medium enters therein, and the locked or unlocked state is switched by an elastic force and a fluid force by a spring directly acting on the lock medium. Features bearings. A rotating body having the lock device according to claim 1. A bucket having the locking device according to claim 1.

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