JP2004322073A - Treatment method for contaminated soil - Google Patents

Treatment method for contaminated soil Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004322073A
JP2004322073A JP2003165851A JP2003165851A JP2004322073A JP 2004322073 A JP2004322073 A JP 2004322073A JP 2003165851 A JP2003165851 A JP 2003165851A JP 2003165851 A JP2003165851 A JP 2003165851A JP 2004322073 A JP2004322073 A JP 2004322073A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
soil
oil
acid
contaminated
surfactant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2003165851A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akio Nakano
中野明雄
Katsuhisa Yoshida
吉田勝久
Shinichi Jitsukawa
実川信一
Kunihiro Fukae
深江邦弘
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Katayama Chemical Inc
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Katayama Chemical Inc
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Priority to JP2003165851A priority Critical patent/JP2004322073A/en
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment method for a contaminated soil which simply and effectively treats the soil contaminated with oil or an aromatic hydrocarbon-based matter and which enables recycling of the treated soil. <P>SOLUTION: This method comprises injecting unslaked lime of 5-20 wt.% based on the soil and at least one kind selected from among a surfactant of 0.5-8 wt.% based on the soil or a fatty acid of 0.1-10 wt.% based on the soil into the soil contaminated with the oil and the aromatic hydrocarbon-based matter and mixing them. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術の分野】
この発明は、汚染土壌の処理方法に関する。さらに詳細には、油や芳香族炭化水素系物質などで汚染された土壌を簡易かつ効果的に処理する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、土壌汚染や地下水汚染への関心の高まりとともに、土壌や地下水汚染の調査や対策の事例が顕在化するにつれ、土壌や地下水中の油の存在が顕著になってきた。油は、その用途に応じて種々の油製品として大量に生産、供給され、多数の事業場で使用されているため、工場跡地などの油汚染された土壌が問題になっている。
【0003】
上記問題を解決するために、(1)土壌ガス吸引(2)溶剤や界面活性剤による土壌洗浄(3)熱分解(4)熱脱着(5)バイオレメディエーション(6)掘削処理などの土壌を浄化する各種処理が施されている。
【0004】
上記(2)の処理方法として、油汚染土壌をケロシン等溶剤、界面活性剤及び海水で洗浄し、洗浄した土壌からオイル及び海水を分離する高塩分濃度の油汚染土壌の浄化方法(特許文献1参照)、油で汚染された土壌を水と水ガラスからなる洗浄液と混合し、汚染物質を洗浄液とともに分離した後、洗浄液を回収して汚染物質を分離し処理あるいは処分する汚染土壌の洗浄方法(特許文献2参照)、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤から選ばれた少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を土壌に添加して土壌を洗浄する方法(特許文献3)などが提案されている。
【0005】
また上記(5)の処理方法として、炭化水素で汚染された土壌に、特定の界面活性剤の炭化水素溶液を自生微生物の成長を促進するのに充分な量で供給することにより、該汚染土壌の自生微生物によるバイオリミディエーションを改善する方法(特許文献4)、海成沖積土を含む汚染土壌をアルカリ剤で中和するとともに、好気性環境に置いて汚染物質を微生物分解する汚染土壌の浄化方法(特許文献5)などが提案されている。
【0006】
一方、揮発性塩素化炭化水素物質が含まれた土壌に、水と発熱反応をする無機化合物、例えば生石灰を撹拌混合し、土壌中の揮発性塩素化炭化水素系物質を揮発させる方法が提案されている(特許文献6)。
【0007】
さらに、油分汚染土壌に、まず油分吸着材を添加し、続いて水硬性固化材を添加することを特徴とする油分汚染土壌の処理方法が提案されている。油分吸着材の具体例として脂肪酸が、また水硬性固化材の具体例として石灰が挙げられており、油分吸着材を添加する際に、界面活性剤をさらに添加することが提案されている(特許文献7)。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−318295号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−149913号公報(請求項1および請求項2)
【特許文献3】
特開2001−17955号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献4】
特表平9−511437号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献5】
特開2000−15239(請求項1)
【特許文献6】
特許第2589002号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献7】
特開2002−1284(請求項1、請求項3、請求項4および請求項5)
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前記(1)から(4)までの油汚染土壌の処理方法を実施した場合には、廃ガスや廃液の後処理が必要となる。また、前記(5)の処理方法では、浄化が微生物の増殖速度に依存するため浄化期間に数ヶ月を要し、かつ、外気温が低い冬季には適用が困難である。さらに前記(6)の処理方法は汚染が大規模であると適用できない、といった種々の問題点がある。
【0010】
また、特許文献7に記載の処理方法は、まず油分吸着材を添加して土壌粒子に吸着している油分を吸着し、この状態で水硬性固化材を添加して土壌を固化することにより、油分を封じ込めて不溶化し、溶出・浸透拡散を防止するというものである。この処理方法では、上記のように土壌が固化されてしまうので、処理後土壌の再利用が非常に困難であるという問題点があった。
【0011】
この発明は、上記のような問題点に鑑み、油や芳香族炭化水素系物質で汚染された土壌を簡易かつ効果的に処理し、さらに処理後土壌の再利用を可能とする汚染土壌の処理方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の発明者らは、油や芳香族炭化水素系物質で汚染された土壌の処理方法について鋭意研究した結果、対土壌5〜20重量%の生石灰と、対土壌0.5〜8重量%の界面活性剤または対土壌0.1〜10重量%の脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを投入、混合するという簡易な操作により、短期間で効果的に油や有機物で汚染された土壌を処理でき、さらに処理後の土壌が固化することなく再利用可能である事実を見出し、この発明を完成するに到った。
【0013】
油汚染土壌の処理方法として、従来より実施されていた界面活性剤による土壌洗浄方法は、現場で油汚染土壌を掘削し、掘削土壌を専用のプラントに入れて油分を土から分離するという煩雑な操作に加えて、プラントから排出された水の後処理をする必要があった。これに対しこの発明の方法では、汚染土壌現場での簡易な操作で、後処理も要さず、効果的に土壌中の油や有機物を処理することができる。
【0014】
かくしてこの発明によれば、油や炭化水素系物質で汚染された土壌に対し、対土壌5〜20重量%の生石灰と、対土壌0.5〜8重量%の界面活性剤または対土壌0.1〜10重量%の脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを投入、混合することを特徴とする汚染土壌の処理方法が提供される。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の方法において、土壌に投入、混合する生石灰の添加量は、処理土壌に対し5〜20重量%、好ましくは8〜15重量%、また界面活性剤の添加量は、処理土壌に対し0.5〜8重量%、好ましくは1〜5重量%、脂肪酸の添加量は処理土壌に対し0.1〜10重量%、好ましくは0.1〜5重量%とするのが、油汚染土壌の処理効果の点から好ましい。この時、添加する界面活性剤または脂肪酸の添加量は、処理する土壌に含有される油分や芳香族炭化水素系物質の種類および量を基準に適宜決定することができる。
【0016】
また、この発明の方法においては、生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを同時に土壌に投入、混合してもよいし、予め混合物とした上で土壌に投入、混合してもよく、特に限定されるものではない。
【0017】
この発明の方法において、生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種との土壌への混合方法は特に限定されるものではなく、土壌の表面に生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを撒布し物理的手段を用いて撹拌することによりその場で混合してもよく、土壌と土壌との間に生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とをサンドウィッチ形式に挟み込んでもよい。このように、混合は均一でも不均一でもよいが、油分の除去効果の点からは均一に混合するのが好ましい。また、場合によっては、土壌を採取し、別の場所や容器内で均一混合してもよい。
【0018】
この発明の方法において、生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを処理土壌に混合した時に、土壌の温度を30℃以上、好ましくは40℃以上とするのが処理効果の点からよい。混合時の土壌の温度を30℃以上にするには、予め処理土壌の含水率を10%以上とすることにより、添加する生石灰と土壌中に含まれる水分との水和反応による発熱が生じ、所望の温度に到達させることができる。
【0019】
またこの発明の方法において、生石灰と界面活性剤または脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを土壌に投入、混合した後、該土壌を転圧することが、油汚染土壌の処理効果の点から好ましい。転圧の方法はとくに限定はなく、たとえば土壌をローラなどで物理的に圧迫すればよい。
【0020】
この発明の方法において使用される界面活性剤は、天然あるいは天然系または合成系を問わず、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤のいずれでもよく、二種以上を混合して用いることもできる。
【0021】
天然界面活性剤としては、例えばレシチンやサポニンなどが挙げられ、天然系界面活性剤としては、例えばアミノ酸系界面活性剤、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
【0022】
合成系界面活性剤のうち、ノニオン系界面活性剤としては、例えばポリオキシアルキレンエーテル類、ポリオキシアルキレンエステル類、ポリオキシアルキレンアミン類、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、モノグリセライド、ジグリセライドなどの脂肪酸エステル類などが挙げられる。
【0023】
一方、アニオン系界面活性剤としては、例えばアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸、アルキルスルホン酸、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸、石油スルホン酸、アルキル硫酸、ポリオキシアルキレンエーテル硫酸、ポリオキシアルキレンスチレン化フェニルエーテル硫酸、アルキルリン酸、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルリン酸、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸、脂肪酸などのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、アミン塩などや、硫酸化油脂などが挙げられる。
【0024】
また、カチオン系界面活性剤としては、例えばイミダゾリン類、ジアルキル第4級塩化アンモニウム類、ジアルキルベンジル第4級塩化アンモニウム類、酸化アミン類、エトキシル化アミン類などが挙げられる。
【0025】
両性界面活性剤としてはアミノ酸型化合物、ベタイン型化合物、スルホベタイン型化合物、スルホアミノ酸型化合物などが挙げられる。
【0026】
この発明の方法においては、天然界面活性剤を用いた場合に、土壌中に残存する未反応の天然界面活性剤が微生物の繁殖をうながし、汚染土壌の浄化をより促進させることができることから好ましい実施態様である。また、合成系界面活性剤のうち、ポリオキシエチレン系界面活性剤を用いるのが、油汚染土壌の処理効果の点から好ましい実施態様である。
【0027】
また、この発明の方法において使用される脂肪酸は、飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪酸のいずれでもよく、それぞれを二種類以上混合して用いることもできる。飽和脂肪酸としては、例えばカプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リグノセリン酸などが挙げられ、油汚染土壌の処理効果の点から、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸を用いるのが好ましく、ミリスチン酸、ステアリン酸を用いるのが特に好ましい。
【0028】
一方、不飽和脂肪酸としては、例えばパルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、リシノール酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、イコサペンタエン酸、エルカ酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などが挙げられる。
【0029】
この発明の方法において、処理対象となる油としては、灯油、軽油、重油などが挙げられ、芳香族炭化水素系物質としては、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどが挙げられる。
【0030】
この発明の方法において、リン酸、硫酸、硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸アルミニウムなどの酸性の無機化合物を併用したり、ドライアイスを混合するか、あるいは炭酸ガス、硫酸ガスなどの酸性の無機ガスを圧入供給することによって、処理土壌が中和できることから好ましい実施態様である。特に、ドライアイスの混合や炭酸ガスを圧入供給した場合には、水和反応に中和反応が加わり効率よく発熱させることができ、また生石灰と炭酸ガスとが反応して炭酸カルシウム粒子が発生し、土壌の通気性が向上して油汚染土壌の処理が促進するので効果的である。
【0031】
また、この発明の方法においては、この発明の効果を阻害しない限りにおいて、有害重金属類などによる汚染土壌の処理に使用されているベントナイト、ゼオライト、セメント、珪藻土、反応遅延性生石灰等と併用したり、微生物を用いた汚染土壌の浄化技術などと適宜組み合わせることができる。
【0032】
この発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、この発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。
【0033】
試験例1(生石灰および界面活性剤による土壌中の油分除去効果確認試験)
2mmのふるいを通過したまさ土100gの含水比を15%に調整した後、供試油剤をそれぞれ対土壌5重量%ずつ添加し、混合した。ここに、生石灰および供試界面活性剤を添加、混合したものを供試土壌とし、n−ヘキサン抽出−重量法による油分分析および油膜測定を行った。
【0034】
(n−ヘキサン抽出−重量法による油分分析)
油分分析方法はJIS K0102で規定された「工場排水試験方法」に基づくn−ヘキサン抽出法に準じて行なった。すなわち、供試土壌を風乾した後、ソックスレー抽出器を用いてn−ヘキサンで供試土壌中の油分を抽出した。抽出時間は5時間とした。ヘキサン層の水分を硫酸ナトリウムで脱水した後、80℃でヘキサンを揮散させ、さらに80℃で30分間乾燥させた後、油分の重量を測定した。その結果を表1および2に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および界面活性剤の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
【0035】
【表1】
供試油剤A:「フォグソルベント」(日本石油(株)製・灯油)

Figure 2004322073
【0036】
【表2】
供試油剤B:「アマイドM−1」(日本乳化剤(株)製・動植物油)
Figure 2004322073
【0037】
界面活性剤a:「エレミノールES−12」(三洋化成工業(株)製・ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル)
界面活性剤b:「エマルミン240」(三洋化成工業(株)製・ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル)
界面活性剤c:「イオネットMO−600W」(三洋化成工業(株)製・ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル)
界面活性剤b:「ソフタノール70」((株)日本触媒製・ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル)
【0038】
(油膜測定)
容量1リットルのビーカーに純水を1リットル入れ、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌した。純水の渦流が一定になった後、渦の中心部に供試土壌10gを静かに投入し、さらに15分間撹拌を続けた。撹拌後5分間静置した後、液面を目視で観察した。その結果を表3および4に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および界面活性剤の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
また、目視の基準は、昭和51年3月17日、環水企38号、環整18号「廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令及び海洋汚染防止法施行令の一部を改正する制令の施行等について、別紙:産業廃棄物から遊離した油分により生ずる油膜の判定方法」に準ずる。さらに、目視観察による油膜量を「+」の数で表現し、評価の最大を++++とする。
【0039】
【表3】
供試油剤A:「フォグソルベント」(日本石油(株)製・灯油)
Figure 2004322073
【0040】
【表4】
供試油剤B:「アマイドM−1」(日本乳化剤(株)製・動植物油)
Figure 2004322073
【0041】
試験例2(生石灰および脂肪酸による土壌中の油分除去効果確認試験)
2mmのふるいを通過した関東ローム土100gの含水比を15%に調整した後、供試油剤をそれぞれ対土壌5重量%ずつ添加し、混合した。ここに、生石灰および供試脂肪酸を添加、混合したものを供試土壌とし、試験例1と同様にn−ヘキサン抽出−重量法による油分分析および油膜測定を行った。n−ヘキサン抽出−重量法による油分分析の結果を表5に、また、油膜測定の結果を表6および7に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および脂肪酸の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
【0042】
【表5】
供試油剤A:「フォグソルベント」(日本石油(株)製・灯油)
Figure 2004322073
【0043】
脂肪酸a:ラウリン酸(ミヨシ油脂(株)製「ラウリン酸 98」)
脂肪酸b:ミリスチン酸(ミヨシ油脂(株)製「ミリスチン酸 98」)
脂肪酸c:パルミチン酸(ミヨシ油脂(株)製「パルミチン酸 98」)
脂肪酸d:ステアリン酸(ミヨシ油脂(株)製「ステアリン酸 98」)
【0044】
【表6】
供試油剤A:「フォグソルベント」(日本石油(株)製・灯油)
Figure 2004322073
【0045】
【表7】
供試油剤B:「C重油」(東燃ゼネラル(株)製)
Figure 2004322073
【0046】
試験例3(生石灰および脂肪酸による土壌中の油分除去効果確認試験)
2mmのふるいを通過した関東ローム土100gの含水比を20%に調整した後、供試油剤をそれぞれ対土壌5重量%ずつ添加し、混合した。ここに、生石灰および供試脂肪酸を添加、混合したものを供試土壌とし、試験例1と同様に油膜測定を行った。その結果を表8に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および脂肪酸の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
【0047】
【表8】
供試油剤 :「白灯油」(コスモ石油(株)製・灯油)
Figure 2004322073
【0048】
試験例4(生石灰および脂肪酸による掘削土壌中の油分除去効果確認試験)
某地土壌をバックホウで掘削し、バケット内の土壌に灯油「白灯油」(コスモ石油(株)製)を対土壌5重量%添加し、混合撹拌した。この油汚染土壌400kgを土壌混錬機に投入し、混合撹拌した後、生石灰および供試脂肪酸を添加し、十分に混合撹拌した。直後と24時間後の油膜測定を試験例1と同様の方法で行なうとともに、撹拌後の最高到達温度を測定した。その結果を表9に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および脂肪酸の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
【0049】
【表9】
Figure 2004322073
試験例5(生石灰および脂肪酸による掘削土壌中のベンゼン除去効果確認試験)某地土壌をバックホウで掘削し、バケット内の土壌に「ベンゼン試薬」(キシダ化学(株)製)を対土壌700ppm(g/m)添加し、混合撹拌した。この芳香族炭化水素系物質汚染土壌400kgを土壌混錬機に投入し、混合撹拌した後、生石灰および供試脂肪酸を添加し、十分に混合撹拌した。直後と24時間後の試験例1と同様に油膜測定と、ベンゼン濃度測定をGC−PIDで行なうとともに、撹拌後の最高到達温度を測定した。その結果を表10に示す。なお、表中、生石灰および脂肪酸の添加量は、対土壌の重量%を示す。
【表10】
Figure 2004322073
【0050】
【発明の効果】
この発明の方法は、汚染土壌現場での簡易な操作で、後処理も要さず、効果的に処理することができるとともに、処理後土壌を再利用できることから、産業上極めて有用である。さらにこの発明の方法において、生石灰および脂肪酸を用いた場合には、土壌中に残存する未反応の脂肪酸が微生物の繁殖をうながすことから、汚染土壌の浄化をより促進させることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating contaminated soil. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for simply and effectively treating soil contaminated with oil, aromatic hydrocarbon-based substances, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the increase in interest in soil and groundwater pollution, the presence of oil in soil and groundwater has become prominent as examples of surveys and countermeasures for soil and groundwater pollution have become apparent. Oil is produced and supplied in large quantities as various oil products depending on its use, and is used at many business sites. Therefore, oil-contaminated soil such as a factory site has become a problem.
[0003]
To solve the above problems, (1) Soil gas suction (2) Soil washing with solvent or surfactant (3) Pyrolysis (4) Thermal desorption (5) Bioremediation (6) Soil purification such as excavation processing Various processes are performed.
[0004]
As a treatment method of the above (2), a method of purifying oil-contaminated soil having a high salt concentration by washing oil-contaminated soil with a solvent such as kerosene, a surfactant and seawater, and separating oil and seawater from the washed soil (Patent Document 1) ), The soil contaminated with oil is mixed with a washing solution composed of water and water glass, the contaminants are separated together with the washing solution, and then the washing solution is collected to separate and treat or dispose of the contaminants. Patent Document 2), a method of adding at least one surfactant selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants to soil to wash the soil (Patent Document 3) Has been proposed.
[0005]
In the treatment method of the above (5), a hydrocarbon solution of a specific surfactant is supplied to the soil contaminated with hydrocarbons in an amount sufficient to promote the growth of native microorganisms. For improving bioremediation by native microorganisms of Japanese Patent (Patent Literature 4), neutralizing contaminated soil including marine alluvial soil with an alkaline agent, and purifying contaminated soil that biodegrades contaminants in an aerobic environment A method (Patent Document 5) and the like have been proposed.
[0006]
On the other hand, a method has been proposed in which an inorganic compound that reacts exothermically with water, such as quick lime, is stirred and mixed into soil containing volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon substances to volatilize volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon-based substances in the soil. (Patent Document 6).
[0007]
Furthermore, there has been proposed a method for treating oil-contaminated soil, characterized by first adding an oil-adsorbent to the oil-contaminated soil, and then adding a hydraulic hardening material. Fatty acids are cited as specific examples of the oil adsorbent, and lime is cited as a specific example of the hydraulic setting agent. It has been proposed to further add a surfactant when adding the oil adsorbent (Patent Reference 7).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-318295 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-149913 A (Claims 1 and 2)
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-17955 A (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-511437 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-2000-15239 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent No. 2589002 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 7]
JP-A-2002-1284 (Claims 1, 3, 4, and 5)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above-described methods (1) to (4) for treating oil-contaminated soil are performed, post-treatment of waste gas and waste liquid is required. Further, in the treatment method (5), the purification depends on the growth rate of microorganisms, so that several months are required for the purification period, and it is difficult to apply the method in winter when the outside air temperature is low. Furthermore, the treatment method (6) has various problems such that it cannot be applied if the contamination is large.
[0010]
Further, the treatment method described in Patent Document 7 first adds an oil adsorbent to adsorb the oil adsorbed on the soil particles, and in this state, adds a hydraulic solidifying material to solidify the soil, It is to contain the oil and insolubilize it to prevent elution and permeation diffusion. In this treatment method, since the soil is solidified as described above, there is a problem that it is very difficult to reuse the soil after the treatment.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a simple and effective treatment of soil contaminated with oil or an aromatic hydrocarbon-based material, and furthermore, a treatment of contaminated soil capable of reusing the soil after the treatment. It is an object to provide a method.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies on a method for treating soil contaminated with oil and aromatic hydrocarbon-based substances, and as a result, have found that 5-20% by weight of quicklime relative to soil and 0.5-8% by weight of soil. A simple operation of adding and mixing at least one selected from surfactants or at least one fatty acid of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to soil, effectively treats soil contaminated with oil and organic matter in a short period of time. The present inventors have found that the soil can be reused without solidification after the treatment, and the present invention has been completed.
[0013]
As a method of treating oil-contaminated soil, a conventional method of cleaning soil with a surfactant is a complicated method of excavating oil-contaminated soil on site, putting the excavated soil into a dedicated plant and separating oil from the soil. In addition to the operation, it was necessary to work up the water discharged from the plant. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, oil and organic substances in soil can be effectively treated by a simple operation at the site of the contaminated soil without any post-treatment.
[0014]
Thus, according to the present invention, 5-20% by weight of quicklime and 0.5-8% by weight of surfactant or 0.5% by weight of soil relative to soil contaminated with oil and hydrocarbon-based substances. There is provided a method for treating contaminated soil, which comprises introducing and mixing at least one selected from fatty acids of 1 to 10% by weight.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the method of the present invention, the amount of quicklime added to and mixed with the soil is 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 8 to 15% by weight, based on the treated soil, and the amount of the surfactant added is 0 to the treated soil. 0.5 to 8% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, and the amount of fatty acid to be added is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the treated soil. It is preferable from the viewpoint of processing effects. At this time, the amount of the surfactant or fatty acid to be added can be appropriately determined based on the type and amount of the oil component or the aromatic hydrocarbon-based substance contained in the soil to be treated.
[0016]
Further, in the method of the present invention, quick lime and at least one selected from surfactants or fatty acids may be simultaneously charged and mixed into the soil, or may be previously mixed and charged into the soil and mixed. Well, it is not particularly limited.
[0017]
In the method of the present invention, a method for mixing quicklime and at least one selected from a surfactant or a fatty acid into the soil is not particularly limited, and a method of mixing quicklime and a surfactant or a fatty acid on the surface of the soil is not particularly limited. It may be mixed in place by sprinkling at least one and stirring using physical means, and sandwiches between quick lime and at least one selected from surfactants or fatty acids between soils. It may be sandwiched. As described above, the mixing may be uniform or non-uniform, but it is preferable that the mixing is uniform from the viewpoint of the oil removing effect. In some cases, the soil may be collected and uniformly mixed in another place or container.
[0018]
In the method of the present invention, when the quicklime and at least one selected from the group consisting of surfactants and fatty acids are mixed into the treated soil, the temperature of the soil is set to 30 ° C or higher, preferably 40 ° C or higher from the viewpoint of the processing effect. Good. In order to raise the temperature of the soil at the time of mixing to 30 ° C. or higher, by setting the water content of the treated soil to 10% or higher in advance, heat generation occurs due to a hydration reaction between the added quick lime and the water contained in the soil, The desired temperature can be reached.
[0019]
In the method of the present invention, it is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of treating oil-contaminated soil that quicklime and at least one selected from surfactants and fatty acids are added to and mixed with the soil, and then the soil is compacted. The method of rolling is not particularly limited, and for example, the soil may be physically pressed with a roller or the like.
[0020]
Surfactants used in the method of the present invention may be any of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants, whether natural or natural or synthetic. , And two or more kinds can be used in combination.
[0021]
Examples of the natural surfactant include lecithin and saponin, and examples of the natural surfactant include amino acid surfactants, sucrose fatty acid esters, and glycerin fatty acid esters.
[0022]
Among the synthetic surfactants, examples of nonionic surfactants include fatty acid esters such as polyoxyalkylene ethers, polyoxyalkylene esters, polyoxyalkylene amines, sorbitan fatty acid esters, monoglyceride, and diglyceride. No.
[0023]
On the other hand, as anionic surfactants, for example, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfonic acid, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid, petroleum sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyalkylene ether sulfate, polyoxyalkylene styrenated phenyl ether sulfate, Examples thereof include sodium salts, potassium salts, and amine salts of alkyl phosphoric acid, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric acid, fatty acids, and the like, and sulfated fats and oils.
[0024]
Examples of the cationic surfactant include imidazolines, dialkyl quaternary ammonium chlorides, dialkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium chlorides, amine oxides, and ethoxylated amines.
[0025]
Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include an amino acid type compound, a betaine type compound, a sulfobetaine type compound, and a sulfoamino acid type compound.
[0026]
In the method of the present invention, when a natural surfactant is used, the unreacted natural surfactant remaining in the soil encourages the growth of microorganisms and can further promote purification of the contaminated soil. It is an aspect. In addition, among the synthetic surfactants, the use of a polyoxyethylene surfactant is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of the effect of treating oil-contaminated soil.
[0027]
The fatty acid used in the method of the present invention may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, and two or more of them may be used in combination. Examples of the saturated fatty acids include capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and lignoceric acid.From the viewpoint of the effect of treating oil-contaminated soil, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid are used. It is preferable to use myristic acid and stearic acid.
[0028]
On the other hand, examples of unsaturated fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, icosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and the like.
[0029]
In the method of the present invention, the oil to be treated includes kerosene, light oil, heavy oil and the like, and the aromatic hydrocarbon-based substances include benzene, toluene and xylene.
[0030]
In the method of the present invention, acidic inorganic compounds such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfate, and aluminum sulfate are used in combination, or dry ice is mixed, or acidic inorganic gas such as carbon dioxide gas or sulfuric acid gas is supplied under pressure. This is a preferred embodiment because the treatment soil can be neutralized. In particular, when dry ice is mixed or carbon dioxide gas is supplied under pressure, a neutralization reaction is added to the hydration reaction so that heat can be efficiently generated, and quick lime and carbon dioxide gas react with each other to generate calcium carbonate particles. This is effective because the permeability of the soil is improved and the treatment of the oil-contaminated soil is promoted.
[0031]
In addition, in the method of the present invention, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, it may be used in combination with bentonite, zeolite, cement, diatomaceous earth, quick-reacting lime, etc., which are used for treating contaminated soil with harmful heavy metals. It can be appropriately combined with a technique for purifying contaminated soil using microorganisms.
[0032]
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0033]
Test Example 1 (Test for confirming the effect of removing lime from soil by quicklime and a surfactant)
After adjusting the water content of 100 g of the mackerel soil passed through a 2 mm sieve to 15%, each of the test oils was added to and mixed with 5% by weight of the soil. Here, a sample obtained by adding and mixing quicklime and a test surfactant was used as a test soil, and subjected to oil analysis and oil film measurement by an n-hexane extraction-gravimetric method.
[0034]
(N-hexane extraction-oil analysis by gravimetric method)
The oil analysis method was performed according to the n-hexane extraction method based on the "Factory drainage test method" specified in JIS K0102. That is, after the test soil was air-dried, an oil component in the test soil was extracted with n-hexane using a Soxhlet extractor. The extraction time was 5 hours. After dehydrating the water of the hexane layer with sodium sulfate, hexane was volatilized at 80 ° C, and further dried at 80 ° C for 30 minutes, and then the weight of the oil was measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and surfactant added represent% by weight of soil.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Test oil A: "Fog Solvent" (Kerosene, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0036]
[Table 2]
Test oil B: “Amide M-1” (animal and vegetable oil, manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0037]
Surfactant a: "Eleminol ES-12" (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether)
Surfactant b: "Emulmin 240" (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., polyoxyethylene alkyl ether)
Surfactant c: "Ionette MO-600W" (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester)
Surfactant b: "Sophtanol 70" (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., polyoxyethylene alkyl ether)
[0038]
(Oil film measurement)
1 liter of pure water was placed in a 1 liter beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer. After the pure water vortex became constant, 10 g of the test soil was gently charged into the center of the vortex, and stirring was continued for another 15 minutes. After stirring for 5 minutes, the liquid surface was visually observed. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and surfactant added represent% by weight of soil.
In addition, the criteria for visual inspection were March 17, 1979, the Suisui Kyoukai 38 and the Hansei 18 “Sections that revise a part of the enforcement order of the Law on the Treatment and Cleaning of Waste and the Marine Pollution Control Law”. Enforcement of the ordinance, etc., according to Attachment: Method for determining oil slicks generated by oil released from industrial wastes. Further, the amount of oil film by visual observation is represented by the number of “+”, and the maximum evaluation is set to +++++.
[0039]
[Table 3]
Test oil A: "Fog Solvent" (Kerosene, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0040]
[Table 4]
Test oil B: “Amide M-1” (animal and vegetable oil, manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0041]
Test Example 2 (Test for confirming the effect of removing lime from soil by quicklime and fatty acids)
After adjusting the water content of 100 g of Kanto loam soil passed through a 2 mm sieve to 15%, each of the test oils was added to and mixed with 5% by weight of soil. Here, a sample obtained by adding and mixing quicklime and a test fatty acid was used as a test soil, and oil analysis and oil film measurement by the n-hexane extraction-gravimetric method were performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The results of oil analysis by n-hexane extraction-gravimetric method are shown in Table 5, and the results of oil film measurement are shown in Tables 6 and 7. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and fatty acids added represent% by weight of soil.
[0042]
[Table 5]
Test oil A: "Fog Solvent" (Kerosene, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0043]
Fatty acid a: Lauric acid (“Lauric acid 98” manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.)
Fatty acid b: myristic acid ("Myristic acid 98" manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.)
Fatty acid c: palmitic acid (“palmitic acid 98” manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.)
Fatty acid d: stearic acid (“Stearic acid 98” manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.)
[0044]
[Table 6]
Test oil A: "Fog Solvent" (Kerosene, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.)
Figure 2004322073
[0045]
[Table 7]
Test oil B: "Heavy oil C" (manufactured by TonenGeneral Corporation)
Figure 2004322073
[0046]
Test Example 3 (Test for confirming the effect of quicklime and fatty acids to remove oil from soil)
After adjusting the water content of 100 g of Kanto loam soil passed through a 2 mm sieve to 20%, each of the test oils was added and mixed with 5% by weight of the soil. Here, oil slick measurement was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 by using quick lime and the test fatty acid added and mixed as a test soil. Table 8 shows the results. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and fatty acids added represent% by weight of soil.
[0047]
[Table 8]
Test oil: "Keroshiro" (Keso Oil Co., Ltd., kerosene)
Figure 2004322073
[0048]
Test Example 4 (Test for confirming oil removal effect from excavated soil by quick lime and fatty acid)
Certain ground soil was excavated with a backhoe, and kerosene “White Kerosene” (manufactured by Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.) was added to the soil in the bucket in an amount of 5% by weight with respect to the soil, followed by mixing and stirring. 400 kg of this oil-contaminated soil was put into a soil kneader, mixed and stirred, and then quicklime and a test fatty acid were added and mixed and stirred sufficiently. The oil film measurement immediately after and 24 hours later was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the maximum temperature after stirring was measured. Table 9 shows the results. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and fatty acids added represent% by weight of soil.
[0049]
[Table 9]
Figure 2004322073
Test Example 5 (Test for Confirming Benzene Removal Effect in Excavated Soil by Quicklime and Fatty Acid) A certain ground soil was excavated with a backhoe, and the soil in a bucket was charged with “benzene reagent” (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) against soil at 700 ppm (g). / M 3 ) and mixed and stirred. 400 kg of the soil contaminated with the aromatic hydrocarbon-based material was put into a soil kneader, mixed and stirred, then quicklime and a test fatty acid were added, and the mixture was sufficiently mixed and stirred. Oil film measurement and benzene concentration measurement were performed by GC-PID immediately after and 24 hours later in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the highest temperature after stirring was measured. Table 10 shows the results. In the table, the amounts of quicklime and fatty acids added represent% by weight of soil.
[Table 10]
Figure 2004322073
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The method of the present invention is extremely useful industrially because it can be effectively treated by simple operation at the site of contaminated soil without post-treatment, and can reuse the treated soil. Further, in the method of the present invention, when quicklime and fatty acids are used, unreacted fatty acids remaining in the soil promote the growth of microorganisms, so that purification of the contaminated soil can be further promoted.

Claims (3)

油や芳香族炭化水素系物質で汚染された土壌に対し、対土壌5〜20重量%の生石灰と、対土壌0.5〜8重量%の界面活性剤または対土壌0.1〜10重量%の脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種とを投入、混合することを特徴とする汚染土壌の処理方法。5-20% by weight of quicklime relative to soil and 0.5-8% by weight of surfactant or 0.1-10% by weight of soil relative to soil contaminated with oil or aromatic hydrocarbons A method for treating contaminated soil, comprising charging and mixing at least one selected from the group consisting of fatty acids. 界面活性剤が、ポリオキシエチレン系界面活性剤から選ばれた少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の処理方法。The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from polyoxyethylene-based surfactants. 脂肪酸が、炭素数 10〜24の高級脂肪酸から選ばれた少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の処理方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is at least one selected from higher fatty acids having 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007105595A (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Contamination cleaning method for clay layer
JP2010184204A (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-26 Ritsumeikan Method of reducing oil concentration in oil-contaminated section
RU2711614C1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2020-01-17 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Передовые Технологии» Method of oil isolation in soil by chemical treatment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007105595A (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Contamination cleaning method for clay layer
JP4645403B2 (en) * 2005-10-12 2011-03-09 パナソニック株式会社 Clay layer contamination purification method
JP2010184204A (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-26 Ritsumeikan Method of reducing oil concentration in oil-contaminated section
RU2711614C1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2020-01-17 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Передовые Технологии» Method of oil isolation in soil by chemical treatment

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