JP2004305946A

JP2004305946A - Device moving along object surface

Info

Publication number: JP2004305946A
Application number: JP2003104554A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Fukashi Uragami; 不可止浦上
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-04-08
Filing date: 2003-04-08
Publication date: 2004-11-04

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device moving along an object surface or a method capable of effectively sucking and recovering foreign matters present in a gap by forcibly feeding water to the part of the gap of a porous object surface to be kept and sucking and recovering the water at the gap by a suction nozzle connected to a vacuum cleaner thereafter. <P>SOLUTION: As the minimum constitution, the device moving along the object surface whose material is a porous material is provided with a casing opened in the direction of the object surface, a sealing member mounted on the opened part, a means for keeping a distance between the opened part and the object surface at a fixed distance, a means for forcibly feeding liquid to a pressurizing area formed by the casing, the sealing member and the object surface in cooperation, and a means for moving the pressurizing area along the object surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、繊維や排水性舗装など、多孔質の材料を素材とし多数の空隙を備える物体表面に密着し且つそれに沿って移動する装置において、該空隙に水などの液体を圧入し、而して該液体を該空隙に素早く貯留させることができる、物体表面に沿って移動する装置に関する。
本発明はまた、繊維や排水性舗装など、多孔質の材料を素材とし多数の空隙を備える物体表面の該空隙に水などの液体を圧入するとともに、該物体表面に向けて超音波を発射し、而して物体表面の超音波洗浄を実施することができる、物体表面に沿って移動する装置に関する。
本発明はまた、繊維や排水性舗装など、多孔質の材料を素材とし多数の空隙を備える物体表面の該空隙に水などの液体を圧入し、且つ、該圧入した後に該液体を吸引回収し、而して該空隙に在る異物を効果的に除去することができる、物体表面に沿って移動する装置に関する。
本発明はまた、繊維や排水性舗装など、多孔質の材料を素材とし多数の空隙を備える物体表面の該空隙に水などの液体を圧入し、且つ、該圧入した後に該液体を吸引回収し、而して該空隙に在る異物を効果的に除去することができる工法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術１】
以下に、本発明に関わる従来の技術の第１の例を述べる。
例えば、多孔質の排水性舗装を施された道路においては、舗装された後、時間が経過するとともに該多孔質舗装の空隙の部分に泥などの異物が詰まり、空隙率が低下して排水機能も減少するため、約５年に１度の間隔で該空隙の部分から泥などの空隙詰まり物質を除去する作業が必要とされている。
従来、該空隙の部分から泥などの異物を除去する手段として、真空掃除機の吸引ノズルにより吸引回収する手段を考えることができる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題１】
従来の真空掃除機においては、多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に付着する異物を浮遊させて流体の流れに乗せて吸引回収するための媒質として大気を使用している。しかしながら、該異物を浮遊させて押し流す媒質としては大気より水を使用したほうが約８００倍も押し流す力が強い。
【０００４】本発明は、上記のような課題に鑑み、その課題を解決すべく創案されたものであって、その目的とするところは、物質を流体移送する媒質としての水を多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入して保水せしめ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に吸引回収することが可能な、物体表面に沿って移動する装置もしくは工法を提供することにある。
本発明の目的とするところは、さらに、多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入される水が超音波を効果的に伝搬する媒質であることを利用して、複雑に曲がりくねった空隙に在る異物に対して超音波を作用させ、よって異物を空隙の表面から剥離させて水中に浮遊させ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に剥離し且つ吸引回収することが可能な、物体表面に沿って移動する装置もしくは工法を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【従来の技術２】
以下に、本発明に関わる従来の技術の第２の例を述べる。
近年、夏季の都市部においては、事業所の冷房や自動車などから大量に放出される熱に起因して、郊外に比べて都心部ほど気温が高く、等温線が島のように浮き上がるような形になる現象、いわゆるヒートアイランド現象が発生している。該ヒートアイランド現象を緩和するために、多数の空隙を備え且つ該空隙の部分には保水性のある特殊な材料を充てんしたいわゆる保水性舗装が施されているが、該保水性舗装においては、雨天時に保水材に水分を蓄え、晴天時に該水分が蒸発する時に路面から気化熱を奪い、而して路面温度の上昇を防ぐものである。普通の舗装と比べ１０℃程度の温度を下げる効果があるといわれている。
保水性舗装の課題として、雨が降らず日照りが続いた時においては保水材の水分も枯渇してしまうが、このような時に保水材に水分を蓄える手段として水を路面に散水する方法を考えることができる。しかしながら、散水された水が自然に保水性舗装に浸透するのを待つのでは、短時間に必要な量の水を散水することは困難である。
且つ、保水性舗装の表面の空隙の部分に泥などの異物が詰り空隙率が低下している場合においては、短時間に必要な量の水を散水することはより困難である。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題２】本発明は、上記のような課題に鑑み、その課題を解決すべく創案されたものであって、その目的とするところは、必要な量の水を素早く保水性舗装に浸透させるために、水をより高い圧力に加圧して保水性舗装の空隙の部分に圧入させることが可能な、物体表面に沿って移動する装置を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】以上の目的を達成するために、本発明によれば、特許請求の範囲の請求項１乃至請求項９に記載されているように、多孔質の材料を素材とする物体表面に沿って移動する装置において、該物体表面の方向が開口したケーシングと、該開口した部分に装着されたシール部材と、該開口した部分と該物体表面との距離を一定の距離に保持する手段と、該ケーシングと該シール部材と該物体表面とが協働して形成した加圧領域へ液体を圧入する手段と、該加圧領域を該物体表面に沿って移動させる手段、を備えていることを特徴とする、物体表面に沿って移動する装置が提供される。
【０００８】本発明によれば、また、特許請求の範囲の請求項１０に記載されているように、
請求項１乃至請求項９に記載の物体表面に沿って移動する装置；と、
多孔質の材料を素材とする物体表面の方向が開口したケーシングと、該開口した部分に装着されたシール部材と、該開口した部分と該物体表面との距離を一定の距離に保持する手段と、該ケーシングと該シール部材と該物体表面とが協働して形成した減圧領域から気体を吸引する手段と、該減圧領域を該物体表面に沿って移動させる手段、を備えていることを特徴とする物体表面に沿って移動する装置；とを備え、多孔質の材料を素材とする物体表面へ液体を圧入した後に、該圧入した液体を吸引回収する、ことを特徴とする物体表面に沿って移動する装置が提供される。
【０００９】本発明によれば、さらに、特許請求の範囲の請求項１１に記載されているように、
請求項１乃至請求項９に記載の物体表面に沿って移動する装置；を用いて物体表面の空隙に液体を圧入した後に、
多孔質の材料を素材とする物体表面の方向が開口したケーシングと、該開口した部分に装着されたシール部材と、該開口した部分と該物体表面との距離を一定の距離に保持する手段と、該ケーシングと該シール部材と該物体表面とが協働して形成した減圧領域から気体を吸引する手段と、該減圧領域を該物体表面に沿って移動させる手段、を備えていることを特徴とする物体表面に沿って移動する装置；を用いて該圧入した液体を吸引回収する工法が提供される。
【００１０】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に従って構成された装置の好適実施例について、添付図を参照して更に詳細に説明する。
図１乃至図６を参照して説明すると、図示の装置は、水圧入ユニット、吸引ノズルユニット、該水圧入ユニットと該吸引ノズルユニットを具備した台車、該水圧入ユニットへ所定の圧力に加圧された水を供給する水供給ポンプ、該吸引ノズルユニットから空気を吸引する真空ポンプから構成されている。
図示の装置の走行方向について、該走行方向は第１図において矢印Ｃの方向であるが、処置を施す物体表面１の上において、先ず水圧入ユニットが通過し、次に吸引ノズルユニットが通過するように装置の走行方向が構成されている。
該水圧入ユニットは加圧ケーシング２２を具備しており、加圧ケーシング２２は筒状で且つ物体表面１に面した部分が開口しており、加圧ケーシング２２の物体表面１と平行な断面の形状は長円形を成している。加圧ケーシング２２の開口した部分には、例えばポリウレタンゴム、プラスチック等の比較的柔軟な材料を素材とする加圧シール部材３２がボルト、ナットにて装着されている。加圧シール部材３２は、全体の形状が長円形の環状を成し、その自由端部が物体表面１に沿って加圧ケーシング２２の内側へ延びた形状をしている。この形状により、加圧シール部材３２は加圧シール部材３２の内側に在る流体の圧力により物体表面１に押し付けられる。すなわち、加圧シール部材３２の形状はいわゆるセルフシールの形状を成している。
加圧ケーシング２２と加圧シール部材３２は物体表面１と協働して加圧領域１２を規定している。
該吸引ノズルユニットは減圧ケーシング２１を具備しており、減圧ケーシング２１は筒状で且つ物体表面１に面した部分が開口しており、減圧ケーシング２１の物体表面１と平行な断面の形状は長円形を成している。減圧ケーシング２１の開口した部分には、例えばポリウレタンゴム、プラスチック等の比較的柔軟な材料を素材とする減圧シール部材３１がボルト、ナットにて装着されている。減圧シール部材３１は、全体の形状が長円形の環状を成し、その自由端部が物体表面１に沿って減圧ケーシング２１の外側へ延びた形状をしている。この形状により、減圧シール部材３１は減圧シール部材３１の外側に在る流体の圧力により物体表面１に押し付けられる。すなわち、減圧シール部材３１の形状はいわゆるセルフシールの形状を成している。
減圧ケーシング２１と減圧シール部材３１は物体表面１と協働して減圧領域１１を規定している。
加圧ケーシング２２と減圧ケーシング２１の側面部には、４個の車輪４１を備えた走行台車のフレーム４が固定されている。
【００１１】加圧ケーシング２２に溶着された、加圧領域１２に連通する接続継手２２１はホース９５２を介して上流側に在る圧力調整弁９２の下流側弁室９３２の接続継手９２３に連結され、圧力調整弁９２の上流側弁室９３１の接続継手９２２はホース９５１を介してさらに上流側に在る可変容量形の水供給ポンプ９５の出口に連結されている。本発明の実施例の装置においては、使用される水供給ポンプ９５の最大吐出し圧力を絶対圧力にて約１２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２と仮定する。また、上流側弁室９３１の絶対圧力：Ｐｃｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２については、液体が口径の小さいホース９５１を通って移送される際にかなりの圧力損失が発生するためＰｃの値は約４と仮定する。
【００１２】圧力調整弁９２の詳細について述べると、圧力調整弁９２のケーシング９２１は、大別すると、弁板収納室と弁板駆動室の２つの部屋に区分されている。該弁板収納室の内部においては、円板状の弁板９２７が駆動ロッド９２６により下降させられて直径Ｄａｃｍの弁穴９３１を塞ぎ、上昇させられて弁穴９３１を開く。弁板９２７が弁穴９３１を塞いでいる時、該弁板収納室は上流側弁室９３１と下流側弁室９３２の２室に区分される。なお、本実施例の図面においては上流側弁室９３１と弁穴９３１は同一の部分である。
【００１３】該弁板駆動室の内部においては、円形の膜状のダイヤフラム９２９が該弁板駆動室をパイロット圧力室９３３と上流側圧力室９３４の２室に区分している。弁板９２７が弁穴９３１を塞いでいる時、ダイヤフラム９２９は直径Ｄｂｃｍの円板状のピストン９２８を下方に押している。円板状のピストン９２８には駆動ロッド９２６が固定されている。
【００１４】上流側弁室９３１の接続継手９２２と上流側圧力室９３４の接続継手９２５はホースにて連結されているので、上流側弁室９３１と上流側圧力室９３４の圧力は同一である。また、弁穴９３１の直径Ｄａｃｍとピストン９２８の直径Ｄｂｃｍが同一寸法の時、弁板９２７を上方へ押して弁穴９３１を開けようとする力Ｆｃとピストン９２８を下方へ押して弁穴９３１を塞ごうとする力Ｆｄは釣り合っている。
【００１５】パイロット圧力室９３３の接続継手９２４はホース９４２を介してその上流側に在るリリーフ付き減圧弁９４３とさらにその上流側に在るエアコンプレッサ９４に連結されている。パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力：Ｐｘｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２は、減圧弁９４３により設定されるものであるが、Ｐｘの値は０以上の任意の正の値を選択することができる。ただし、パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力を大気圧（絶対圧力：１．０３３２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）よりも高い圧力にしたい場合には、Ｐｘの値は１．０３３２よりも大きい値でなければならない。
【００１６】パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力：Ｐｘｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２はピストン９２８を上方へ押して弁穴９３１を開けようとする力Ｆｘを発生させる。また、下流側弁室９３２すなわち加圧領域１２の絶対圧力：Ｐｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２は弁板９２７を下方へ押して弁穴９３１を塞ごうとする力Ｆｂを発生させる。なお、本発明の実施例の装置においては、弁穴９３１の直径Ｄａｃｍとピストン９２８の直径Ｄｂｃｍは同一寸法である。よって、Ｐｂ＜Ｐｘの時に弁板９２７が開となり、Ｐｂ＞Ｐｘの時に弁板９２７が閉となる。本発明の実施例の装置において、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力：Ｐｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２のＰｂの標準的な値を約１．４と仮定すると、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力を１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２に維持するためにパイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力：Ｐｘｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２は１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２に設定される。すなわち、Ｐｂ＜１．４の時に弁板９２７が開となり、Ｐｂ＞１．４の時に弁板９２７が閉となる。
【００１７】減圧ケーシング２１に溶着された、減圧領域１１に連通する接続継手２１１はホース９６１を介して下流側に在るサイクロン９６３の入口に連結され、サイクロン９６３の出口はホース９６２を介してさらに下流側に在る真空ポンプ９６の入口に連結されている。本発明の実施例の装置においては、使用される真空ポンプ９６の最大吸込み圧力を絶対圧力にて約０．３５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２と仮定する。また、減圧領域１１の絶対圧力：Ｐａｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２については、気体がホース９６１を通って吸引移送される際に圧力損失が発生するためＰａの値は約０．６２と仮定する。
サイクロン９６３の下部には、サイクロン９６３の内部にて捕集された水を外部の貯水タンク９７へ排出するためのロータリフィーダ９６４が装着されている。
【００１８】加圧ケーシング２２には、加圧領域１２に在る水を伝搬媒質として物体表面１に向け超音波を発射しよって物体表面１の超音波洗浄を行う超音波発振子９１が装着されている。
【００１９】
【作用】
次に、上述した本発明の好適実施例の装置の作用効果について説明する。
水供給ポンプ９５が作動すると、加圧領域１２へ水が供給され、次に加圧領域１２は水で満たされ、その次に加圧領域１２の絶対圧力は１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２まで上昇し、その後、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力は１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２に維持される。
すなわち、圧力調整弁９２の弁板９２７は加圧領域１２の絶対圧力：Ｐｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２がＰｂ＜１．４の時に弁板９２７が開となるように設定されてあるので、水供給ポンプ９５が作動すると供給された水は開いた弁板９２７より加圧領域１２へ流入し、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力が１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２まで上昇すると弁板９２７が閉となる。次に、時間が少し経つと、加圧領域１２に在る水は、物体表面１の空隙へ浸透して流失し、また加圧シール部材３２の自由端部と物体表面１との間の僅かな隙間を通って加圧領域１２の外部へも流失するので、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力は１．４ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２未満まで減少し、よって再び弁板９２７が開となる。以下、弁板９２７は上記のように開、閉を繰り返して加圧領域１２の絶対圧力を一定の値に維持する。
なお、加圧領域１２に在る水の圧力は、加圧シール部材３２の自由端部を物体表面１の方向に押し付け、よって該水が加圧領域１２の外部へ流失するのを極力阻止する。
また、加圧領域１２に在る水の圧力は加圧ケーシング２２を物体表面１と反対の方向へ持ち上げようとするが、加圧ケーシング２２に接続された台車の自重により阻止され、且つ該台車の４個の車輪４１により加圧ケーシング２２の開口部と物体表面１との距離が一定に維持される。
【００２０】加圧領域１２から物体表面１の空隙を通過して加圧領域１２の外部へ至る水流に対して該空隙が及ぼす流路抵抗の度合いについて、水流が加圧領域１２から面積Ａ平方ｍのオリフィスを通過する時に該オリフィスが該水流に対して及ぼす流路抵抗の度合いと相似とみなすことができる。
そこで、物体表面１の空隙の合計面積をＡａ平方ｍ、加圧シール部材３２の自由端部と物体表面１との間の隙間の面積をＡｂ平方ｍ、Ａａ平方ｍとＡｂ平方ｍの和をＡ平方ｍ、流量計９８により計測した圧力調整弁９２から加圧領域１２へ供給される毎秒の水の流量をＱ立方ｍ、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力と大気の絶対圧力との差圧をＰｇｆ／ｃｍ２とすれば、ＡとＱとＰの関係は下記の式で表される。
Ｑ＊Ｑ＝Ｃ＊Ｃ＊Ａ＊Ａ＊２＊ｇ＊Ｐ＊１０３３２／ｒ
なお、Ｃは流量係数（約０．６５）、ｇは重力の加速度（９．８ｍ／ｓ２）、ｒは水の比重量（１気圧、４度Ｃにおいて１０００ｋｇｆ／ｍ３）である。
上記の式は、Ｐの値が増加するとＱの値も増加することを示している。すなわち、加圧領域１２の圧力をより増加することができれば、より短い時間で所要の量の水を空隙の間へ圧入することが可能となる。
【００２１】次に、真空ポンプ９６が作動すると、減圧領域１１の内部の大気が下流側に吸引され、減圧領域１１が所要の通り減圧される（減圧領域１１の絶対圧力：Ｐａ＝０．６２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）。かく減圧領域１１が減圧されると、装置を包囲している大気の圧力（絶対圧力：Ｐｏ＝１．０３３２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）が減圧領域１１の内外の圧力差（Ｐｏ−Ｐａ＝０．４１３２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）に起因して減圧ケーシング２１を物体表面１の方向に押し付けるが、減圧ケーシング２１に接続された台車の４個の車輪４１により阻止され、且つ車輪４１により減圧ケーシング２１の開口部と物体表面１との距離が一定に維持される。
なお、車輪４１をギヤードモータ（図示せず）などの駆動手段により回転駆動せしめると装置は物体表面１に沿って移動する。
減圧領域１１の内部の圧力が所望の圧力に維持されている時、装置を包囲している大気が減圧領域１１の内外の圧力差に起因して減圧シール部材３１の自由端部を物体表面１の方向に押し付け、よって大気が減圧領域１１の内部に流入するのを極力阻止する。
減圧領域１１がかく減圧されると、減圧領域１１の外部の大気は、物体表面１の空隙と、減圧シール部材３１と物体表面１との僅かな隙間を通って減圧領域１１へ流入する。
【００２２】装置の走行方向について、処置を施す物体表面１の上において、先ず水圧入ユニットが通過し、次に吸引ノズルユニットが通過するように装置の走行方向が構成されている。すなわち、先ず水圧入ユニットにより物体表面１の空隙の間に水が圧入され、次に吸引ノズルユニットにより空隙の間の水が大気とともに吸引回収される。減圧領域１１へ流入した水と大気は、サイクロン９６３まで吸引移送され、該水はサイクロン９６３にて分離された後にロータリフィーダ９６４により貯水タンク９７へ戻され、サイクロン９６３にて該水を除去された大気は真空ポンプ９６を経て再び大気中へ放出される。
【００２３】以下に、本発明の実施例の装置における、物体表面１の空隙の間へ水を圧入することの効果について説明する。
例えば、物体表面１が多孔質の素材から成る排水性舗装の場合、加圧領域１２の水は該舗装の空隙部分に圧入され、次に該空隙部分の水は減圧領域１１により吸引移送される。該水が該空隙部分を通過する際に、該空隙部分に散在する泥などの異物は該水に押し流されて該水と共に減圧領域１１まで吸引移送される。すなわち、該異物を移送する媒質として水を効果的に使用することができる。該異物を移送する媒質として水の代わりに空気を使った場合と比較して、水を使えば該異物は空気を使った場合の約８００倍の力で押し流される。
【００２４】以下にこの理由を数式を用いて説明する。
流体の流れの中に直径ｄｍの球状の異物が在るとすれば、該異物が該流体から受ける抗力Ｄｋｇｆは下記の式で表現することができる。
Ｄ＝Ｃｄ＊Ａ＊ｖ＊ｖ＊ｒ／（２＊ｇ）
なお、Ｃｄは効力係数であり球体の場合０．３４、Ａは流体の流れの方向に垂直な面の投影面積（ｍ２）、ｖは流体の流れの速度（ｍ／ｓ）、ｒは流体の比重量（ｋｇｆ／ｍ３）、ｇは重力の加速度（９．８ｍ／ｓ２）である。
また、１気圧、４度Ｃにおける水の比重量は１０００ｋｇｆ／ｍ３、空気の比重量は１．２５ｋｇｆ／ｍ３である。
【００２５】上記の式は、流体の流れの中に在る異物が該流体から受ける抗力Ｄｋｇｆは該流体の比重量ｒｋｇｆ／ｍ３に比例して増加することを示しており、流体が水である場合と、空気である場合とを比較すると、１気圧、４度Ｃにおいて、水の場合の抗力は、空気である場合の抗力の約８００倍となるものである。
すなわち、上記の式により、異物を洗い流す手段としては、空気よりも水を使った方が効果的である、という結論を導き出すことができる。
【００２６】以下に、圧力調整弁９２の動作の原理を図５と数式を使って説明する。
加圧領域１２及び下流側弁室９３２の絶対圧力をＰｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、上流側弁室９３１及び上流側圧力室９３４の絶対圧力をＰｃｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力をＰｘｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、下流側弁室９３２において弁板９２７を下方へ押す力をＦｂｋｇｆ、上流側弁室９３１において弁板９２７を上方へ押す力をＦｃｋｇｆ、上流側圧力室９３４においてピストン９２８を下方へ押す力をＦｄｋｇｆ、パイロット圧力室９３３においてピストン９２８を上方へ押す力をＦｘｋｇｆ、弁板９２７の有効直径をＤａｃｍ、ピストン９２８の有効直径をＤｂｃｍ、Ｄａ＝Ｄｂとすれば、
【００２７】弁板９２７を下方へ塞ぐ方向に押す力の合計Ｆｔ１ｋｇｆは、
Ｆｂ＝Ｐｂ＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｆｄ＝Ｐｃ＊Ｄｂ＊Ｄｂ＊３．１４／４
Ｄａ＝Ｄｂ
Ｆｔ１＝Ｆｂ＋Ｆｄ
Ｆｔ１＝（Ｐｂ＋Ｐｃ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
【００２８】弁板９２７を上方へ開く方向に押す力の合計Ｆｔ２ｋｇｆは、
Ｆｃ＝Ｐｃ＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｆｘ＝Ｐｘ＊Ｄｂ＊Ｄｂ＊３．１４／４
Ｄａ＝Ｄｂ
Ｆｔ２＝Ｆｃ＋Ｆｘ
Ｆｔ２＝（Ｐｃ＋Ｐｘ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
【００２９】弁板９２７が開く時の条件は、
Ｆｔ１＜Ｆｔ２
（Ｐｂ＋Ｐｃ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４＜（Ｐｃ＋Ｐｘ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｐｂ＋Ｐｃ＜Ｐｃ＋Ｐｘ
Ｐｂ＜Ｐｘ
【００３０】以上の式により、パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力：Ｐｘｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２のＰｘの値と、加圧領域１２の圧力設定目標値である絶対圧力：Ｐｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２のＰｂの値とを同一の値にすれば、加圧領域１２の圧力を、上流側弁室９３１の圧力と無関係に、目標の圧力に容易に調整できることがわかる。
【００３１】以下に、圧力調整弁９２の別の実施態様を図６を使って説明する。図６の圧力調整弁９２が図５の圧力調整弁９２と比べて異なる点は、パイロット圧力室９３３の接続継手９２４が大気に開放されている点と、上流側圧力室９３４にピストン９２８を下方へ押すコイルスプリング９３５を備えている点の２点のみである。
【００３２】以下に、図６の圧力調整弁９２の動作の原理を数式を使って説明する。
加圧領域１２及び下流側弁室９３２の絶対圧力をＰｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、上流側弁室９３１及び上流側圧力室９３４の絶対圧力をＰｃｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、パイロット圧力室９３３の絶対圧力（大気圧）を１．０３３２ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、下流側弁室９３２において弁板９２７を下方へ押す力をＦｂｋｇｆ、上流側弁室９３１において弁板９２７を上方へ押す力をＦｃｋｇｆ、上流側圧力室９３４においてピストン９２８を下方へ押す力をＦｄｋｇｆ、パイロット圧力室９３３においてピストン９２８を上方へ押す力をＦｏｋｇｆ、弁板９２７の有効直径をＤａｃｍ、ピストン９２８の有効直径をＤｂｃｍ、Ｄａ＝Ｄｂ、上流側圧力室９３４においてコイルスプリング９３５がピストン９２８を下方へ押す力をＦｓｋｇｆとすれば、
【００３３】弁板９２７を下方へ塞ぐ方向に押す力の合計Ｆｔ１ｋｇｆは、
Ｆｂ＝Ｐｂ＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｆｄ＝Ｐｃ＊Ｄｂ＊Ｄｂ＊３．１４／４
Ｄａ＝Ｄｂ
Ｆｔ１＝Ｆｂ＋Ｆｄ＋Ｆｓ
Ｆｔ１＝（Ｐｂ＋Ｐｃ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４＋Ｆｓ
【００３４】弁板９２７を上方へ開く方向に押す力の合計Ｆｔ２ｋｇｆは、
Ｆｃ＝Ｐｃ＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｆｘ＝１．０３３２＊Ｄｂ＊Ｄｂ＊３．１４／４
Ｄａ＝Ｄｂ
Ｆｔ２＝Ｆｃ＋Ｆｘ
Ｆｔ２＝（Ｐｃ＋１．０３３２）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
【００３５】弁板９２７が開く時の条件は、
Ｆｔ１＜Ｆｔ２
（Ｐｂ＋Ｐｃ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４＋Ｆｓ＜（Ｐｃ＋１．０３３２）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
Ｆｓ＜（１．０３３２−Ｐｂ）＊Ｄａ＊Ｄａ＊３．１４／４
【００３６】以上の式により、コイルスプリング９３５がピストン９２８を下方へ押す力：Ｆｓｋｇｆは、加圧領域１２の圧力設定目標値である絶対圧力：Ｐｂｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２と弁板９２７の有効直径：Ｄａｃｍの関数として表現されることがわかる。
すなわち、加圧領域１２の圧力を、上流側弁室９３１の圧力と無関係に、目標の圧力に容易に調整できることがわかる。
図６の圧力調整弁９２は、図５の圧力調整弁９２と比べて、パイロット圧力室９３３の圧力設定が要らない利点がある。なお、本発明の実施例の装置においては、どちらの圧力調整弁を用いてもよい。
【００３７】水供給ポンプ９５の圧力は、ホース９５１の長さによって圧力が変動し、且つホース９５１の圧力損失は大きい値であるので、水供給ポンプ９５は余裕をもたせて吐出圧力の大きいポンプを選定する必要がある。また、水供給ポンプ９５の吐出圧力が大きいと、ホース９５１の口径をより小さくすることもできる。よって、水供給ポンプ９５の下流側には、必然的に減圧機能を備えた圧力調整弁が必要となる。
本発明の実施例の装置の圧力調整弁９２は、水供給ポンプ９５から供給された水を、該ポンプの吐出圧力に関係なく任意の圧力に減圧できる、といった優れた特徴を有するものである。
【００３８】加圧領域１２を一定の圧力に維持することが重要である点について説明すると、加圧領域１２の圧力を一定の圧力にすることにより水圧入ユニットが物体表面１へ押し付けられる力を一定にすれば、該水圧入ユニットと物体表面１との摩擦力を一定にすることができるので、而して水圧入ユニットを物体表面１に沿ってスムーズに移動させることができる。
加圧領域１２を一定の圧力に維持することは、下記の見地からも大変重要である。すなわち、前述の式の
Ｑ＊Ｑ＝Ｃ＊Ｃ＊Ａ＊Ａ＊２＊ｇ＊Ｐ＊１０３３２／ｒ
は、Ｐの値が定数の時、Ｑの値を計測すると、Ａの値を計算で得ることができることを示している。
Ａの値は、物体表面１の空隙の合計面積をＡａ平方ｍ、加圧シール部材３２の自由端部と物体表面１との間の隙間の面積をＡｂ平方ｍとした時のＡａとＡｂの和であるが、Ａｂの値について、Ｐの値が定数であればＡｂの値は定数となる。Ａａの値について、物体表面１の空隙に在る異物の体積の多い、少ないによりＡａの値は変動する。すなわち、上記の式は、Ｐの値が一定の時、Ｑの値を計測すると、Ａａの値すなわち物体表面１の空隙の合計面積に相似の面積を計算で得ることができることを示している。
上記の数式を使えば、大気の絶対圧力と加圧領域１２の絶対圧力との差圧が定数の時に水の流量が減少すれば、物体表面１の空隙の合計面積が減少したから流路抵抗が増大し、而して水の流量が減少したのだと推測することができる。すなわち、計算で得た該空隙の合計面積の増減は該空隙が水流に及ぼす流路抵抗の度合いを示すものであり、例えば、該空隙の合計面積の減少を該空隙が水流に及ぼす流路抵抗の増大ととらえることができる。
【００３９】多孔質の材料を素材としよって多数の空隙を有する物体表面に沿って移動する本発明の実施例の装置において、加圧領域１２へ供給される単位時間あたりの水の量Ｑと、加圧領域１２の絶対圧力と大気の絶対圧力との差圧Ｐを測定すれば、ＱとＰから該空隙の大きさに相似の値を計算で求めることができる。本発明においては、多孔質の材料を素材としよって多数の空隙を有する物体表面に沿って移動する装置において、該空隙の大きさに相似の値を計算で求める方法も提案するものであるが、該計算で求める方法に関わる、実施例の図面に示していない本発明の実施例の装置を下記に提案する。
多孔質の材料を素材とする物体表面に沿って移動する装置において、該物体表面の方向が開口したケーシングと、該開口した部分に装着されたシール部材と、該開口した部分と該物体表面との距離を一定の距離に保持する手段と、該ケーシングと該シール部材と該物体表面とが協働して形成した加圧領域へ液体を圧入する手段と、該加圧領域を該物体表面に沿って移動させる手段、を備えていることを特徴とする、物体表面に沿って移動する装置において、該加圧領域へ供給される単位時間あたりの水の量Ｑと、該加圧領域の絶対圧力と大気の絶対圧力との差圧Ｐを測定する手段を備え、ＱとＰから該空隙の大きさに相似の値を計算する手段を備えたことを特徴とする、物体表面に沿って移動する装置。
なお、上記で言う流体について、液体でも気体でもよい。
【００４０】以下に、加圧領域１２に超音波洗浄用の超音波発振子９１を備えた場合の本発明の実施例の装置の作用について説明する。
超音波発振子より物体表面１に向け超音波を発射すると、加圧領域１２に在る水は超音波を効果的に伝搬して物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼす。
例えば、物体表面１が多孔質の素材から成る排水性舗装の場合、加圧領域１２に在る水は該舗装の空隙の部分に浸入し、該空隙部分に詰まった泥などの異物に対して超音波が作用して該異物は該空隙の表面から剥離して水中に浮遊し、続いて該異物は水により該空隙の中を押し流されながら移送されて減圧領域１１に至り、減圧領域１１に浸入した大気と共に該異物と水はホース９６１を通って下流の方向に吸引回収される。
以下に、洗浄の原理を説明する。
図２に示す、加圧領域１２に超音波洗浄用の超音波発振子９１を備えた本発明の実施例の装置においては、超音波発振子９１が高速微振動を繰り返すと、超音波発振子９１の表面と水の分子群との間の相対運動により、該水の分子群の中に微小な高真空の空隙群（気泡群またはキャビティ群と呼称する）が発生し、続いて該水の分子群どうしが該高真空に引かれて衝突し、該衝突の際に例えば約１０００気圧の気泡崩壊衝撃波が発生する。すなわち、一般にキャビテーションと呼称される現象が発生するものである。図２に示す本発明の実施例の装置は、該気泡崩壊衝撃波が物体表面１に作用することにより付着する汚れを物体表面１から分離し、すなわち物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼすものである。
【００４１】以下に、図７を参照して、図２における超音波振動子９１のかわりに、回転羽根８１１、回転羽根駆動モータ８１、及びキャビテーションを促進する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を噴出するノズル８４を備えた、本発明の実施例の装置の別の態様について説明する。
図７の装置は、超音波の作用により物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼす本発明の装置において、図２の装置とは別の実施態様を示している。
図示の装置において、加圧ケーシング２２には、加圧領域１２に在る水を攪拌してキャビテーションを発生させるための回転羽根８１１をその駆動軸に固定された回転羽根駆動モータ８１が新設されている。
また、同じく加圧ケーシング２２には、加圧領域１２に在る水の中に向け、キャビテーションを促進する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を噴出するノズル８４が新設されており、ノズル８４には該空気もしくは該水を移送するホース８４５が接続されている。
【００４２】以下に、図７に示す本発明の実施例の装置の作用について説明する。
回転羽根８１１が加圧領域１２の水の中で高速度で回転すると、回転羽根８１１の表面と水の分子群との間の圧力の低下に起因して該水の分子群の中に微小な高真空の空隙群（気泡群またはキャビティ群と呼称する）が発生し、続いて該水の分子群どうしが該高真空に引かれて衝突し、該衝突の際に気泡崩壊衝撃波が発生する。すなわち、一般にキャビテーションと呼称される現象が発生するものである。なお、ノズル８４から噴出する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水はキャビテーションをさらに促進する。図７に示す本発明の実施例の装置は、該気泡崩壊衝撃波が物体表面１に作用することにより付着する汚れを物体表面１から分離し、すなわち物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼす。
【００４３】図８は、図７における回転羽根８１１、回転羽根駆動モータ８１、及びキャビテーションを促進する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を噴出するノズル８４のかわりに、キャビテーションを伴う高速水噴流を噴出するノズル７４を備えた、超音波の作用により物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼす本発明の装置の別の実施態様を示している。
キャビテーションを伴う高速水噴流とは、ノズル７４の噴出口の上流の部分において高速水噴流の中に空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水が供給されることにより、該高速水噴流がノズル７４より噴出された際、該供給された空気の分子群を核としてより衝撃力の強いキャビティ群に成長するように、すなわちキャビテーションが促進されるように構成された高速の水の噴流である。該キャビテーションの発生に起因して衝撃波が物体表面１に作用することにより付着する汚れを物体表面１から分離し、すなわち物体表面１に対して洗浄作用を及ぼす。
なお、該高速水噴流に使用される水の循環について、図示していないが、先ず加圧領域１２に在る水を高圧水ポンプにて吸引し、次に高圧水ポンプの下流側且つノズル７４の噴出口の上流の部分において該高速水噴流の中に空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を供給し、最後にノズル７４から加圧領域１２に在る水の中に該高速水噴流を噴出するように装置を構成すれば、該高速水噴流に使用される水を循環使用することが出来る。
【００４４】以上に述べた本発明の実施例の装置の目的とするところは、物質を流体移送する媒質としての水を多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入して保水せしめ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に吸引回収することが可能な、物体表面に沿って移動する装置もしくは工法を提供することにある。なお、以上に述べた本発明の実施例の装置においては、水圧入ユニットと吸引ノズルユニットを同一の台車に装着しているが、別々の台車に装着しても良い。
さらに、本発明の目的とするところは、多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入される水が超音波を効果的に伝搬する媒質であることを利用して、複雑に曲がりくねった空隙に在る異物に対して超音波を作用させ、よって異物を空隙の表面から剥離させて水中に浮遊させ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に剥離し且つ吸引回収することが可能な、物体表面に沿って移動する装置もしくは工法を提供することにある。
【００４５】近年、夏季の都市部においては、事業所の冷房や自動車などから大量に放出される熱に起因して、郊外に比べて都心部ほど気温が高く、等温線が島のように浮き上がるような形になる現象、いわゆるヒートアイランド現象が発生しており、該ヒートアイランド現象を緩和するために、多数の空隙を備え且つ該空隙の部分には保水性のある特殊な材料を充てんしたいわゆる保水性舗装が施されている。該保水性舗装においては、雨天時に保水材に水分を蓄え、晴天時に該水分が蒸発する時に路面から気化熱を奪い、而して路面温度の上昇を防ぐ。保水性舗装の課題として、雨が降らず日照りが続いた時においては保水材の水分が枯渇してしまうため、このような時に保水材に水分を蓄える手段が必要である。
以上に述べた本発明の実施例の装置における水圧入ユニットは、該保水性舗装においても、水をより高い圧力に加圧して該保水性舗装の空隙の部分に圧入させることが可能であるため、必要な量の水を素早く該保水性舗装に浸透させることができる。
【００４６】以上に、本発明の実施例の装置について説明したが、本発明の実施例の装置は該好適実例の他にも特許請求の範囲に従って種々の実施例を考えることができる。
【００４７】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、物質を流体移送する媒質としての水を多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入して保水せしめ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に吸引回収することが可能である。
【００４８】本発明においては、多孔質の物体表面の空隙の部分に圧入される水が超音波を効果的に伝搬する媒質であることを利用して、複雑に曲がりくねった空隙に在る異物に対して超音波を作用させ、よって異物を空隙の表面から剥離させて水中に浮遊させ、その後、真空掃除機と連結された吸引ノズルにより空隙の部分に保水された水を吸引回収することにより、空隙に在る異物を水の流れを利用して押し流し、而して異物を効果的に剥離し且つ吸引回収することが可能である。
【００４９】本発明においては、水をより高い圧力に加圧して保水性舗装の空隙の部分に圧入させることが可能であるため、必要な量の水を素早く該保水性舗装に浸透させることができる。
【００５０】本発明においては、多孔質の物体表面の空隙の大きさに相似の値を計算で求める機能を備えているので、例えば、多孔質舗装の空隙率に相似の値を収集かつ保存することが可能であるため、該値に基づき多孔質舗装における空隙率の分布図を作成することができ、よって多孔質舗装の維持、管理に寄与する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に従って構成された装置の好適実施例を物体表面の方向から見た平面図。
【図２】図１に示す装置におけるＡ−Ａの断面図。
【図３】図１に示す装置におけるＢ−Ｂの断面図。
【図４】本発明に従って構成された装置の好適実施例の全体システムを示す図。
【図５】本発明に従って構成された装置が備える圧力調整弁の好適実施例の第１例を示す断面図。
【図６】本発明に従って構成された装置が備える圧力調整弁の好適実施例の第２例を示す断面図。
【図７】図２に示す本発明に従って構成された装置の断面図において、超音波振動子９１のかわりに、回転羽根８１１、回転羽根駆動モータ８１、及びキャビテーションを促進する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を噴出するノズル８４を備えた、本発明に従って構成された装置の断面図。
【図８】図７に示す本発明に従って構成された装置の断面図において、回転羽根８１１、回転羽根駆動モータ８１、及びキャビテーションを促進する空気もしくは空気を飽和状態近くに含有した水を噴出するノズル８４のかわりに、キャビテーションを伴う高速水噴流を噴出するノズル７４を備えた、本発明に従って構成された装置の断面図。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a device that is made of a porous material such as fiber or drainage pavement and is closely attached to and moves along the surface of an object having a large number of voids, in which a liquid such as water is injected into the voids. Device that moves along the surface of an object so that the liquid can be quickly stored in the void.
The present invention is also directed to a method of injecting a liquid such as water into the voids on the surface of an object having a large number of voids made of a porous material, such as fibers and drainage pavement, and emitting ultrasonic waves toward the surface of the object. Thus, it relates to a device moving along an object surface capable of performing ultrasonic cleaning of the object surface.
The present invention also provides a method of pressing a liquid such as water into the voids on the surface of an object having a large number of voids using a porous material, such as fiber or drainage pavement, and sucking and recovering the liquid after the press-in. Thus, the present invention relates to a device that moves along the surface of an object, which can effectively remove foreign substances present in the gap.
The present invention also provides a method of pressing a liquid such as water into the voids on the surface of an object having a large number of voids using a porous material, such as fiber or drainage pavement, and sucking and recovering the liquid after the press-in. Thus, the present invention relates to a method for effectively removing foreign matter present in the void.
[0002]
[Prior art 1]
Hereinafter, a first example of a conventional technique according to the present invention will be described.
For example, on a road on which porous drainage pavement has been applied, as time passes after the pavement, voids in the porous pavement are clogged with foreign substances such as mud, the porosity is reduced, and the drainage function is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to remove void clogging substances such as mud from the voids at intervals of about once every five years.
Conventionally, as means for removing foreign matter such as mud from the gap, a means for sucking and collecting by a suction nozzle of a vacuum cleaner can be considered.
[0003]
[Problem 1 to be Solved by the Invention]
In a conventional vacuum cleaner, the atmosphere is used as a medium for suspending and attaching foreign substances adhering to voids on the surface of a porous object, placing them on a flow of a fluid, and performing suction and recovery. However, when water is used as a medium in which the foreign matter is floated and washed away, water is stronger than the air by about 800 times.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has been made in order to solve the problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for transferring water as a medium for transferring a substance into a porous material. The foreign substance in the gap is utilized by the water flow by suctioning the water retained in the gap by the suction nozzle connected to the vacuum cleaner by press-fitting it into the gap on the surface and then retaining it. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus or a method for moving along the surface of an object, which is capable of effectively sucking and collecting foreign matter.
Another object of the present invention is to utilize the fact that water pressed into the void portion on the surface of the porous object is a medium that effectively propagates ultrasonic waves, so that the water exists in a complicated and meandering void. The ultrasonic wave is applied to the foreign matter, which causes the foreign matter to separate from the surface of the gap and float in the water. Thereafter, the suction nozzle connected to the vacuum cleaner suctions and collects the water retained in the gap. Accordingly, there is provided an apparatus or a method for moving along the surface of an object, in which the foreign matter existing in the gap is flushed away by using the flow of water, whereby the foreign matter can be effectively separated and suctioned and collected. It is in.
[0005]
[Prior art 2]
Hereinafter, a second example of the conventional technique according to the present invention will be described.
In recent years, in urban areas in summer, the temperature is higher in the city center than in the suburbs, and the isothermal line rises like an island due to the large amount of heat released from the cooling of the office and automobiles. , A so-called heat island phenomenon has occurred. In order to alleviate the heat island phenomenon, a so-called water-retentive pavement having a large number of voids and a portion filled with a water-retentive special material is applied to the voids. Sometimes, water is stored in the water retention material, and when the moisture evaporates in fine weather, heat of vaporization is taken from the road surface, thereby preventing the road surface temperature from rising. It is said that it has the effect of lowering the temperature by about 10 ° C. compared to ordinary pavement.
As a problem of water-retentive pavement, when rain does not fall and sunshine continues, the moisture of the water retention material will also be depleted, but in such a case, consider a method of sprinkling water on the road surface as a means of storing water in the water retention material be able to. However, it is difficult to sprinkle a necessary amount of water in a short time by waiting for sprinkled water to naturally infiltrate the water-retentive pavement.
In addition, when foreign matter such as mud is clogged in voids on the surface of the water-retentive pavement and the porosity is reduced, it is more difficult to spray a required amount of water in a short time.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made in order to solve the problems. The purpose of the present invention is to quickly supply a necessary amount of water. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for moving along a surface of an object, which water can be pressurized to a higher pressure so as to penetrate a water retaining pavement so as to penetrate the water retaining pavement.
[0007]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a porous material is made of a material as described in claims 1 to 9 of the claims. In a device that moves along the surface of an object, a casing whose direction toward the surface of the object is open, a seal member attached to the open portion, and a distance between the open portion and the surface of the object is a predetermined distance. Means for holding liquid, pressurizing a liquid into a pressurized area formed by the casing, the seal member and the object surface in cooperation with each other, and means for moving the pressurized area along the object surface. There is provided an apparatus for moving along an object surface, comprising:
[0008] According to the present invention, and as set forth in claim 10,
An apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claims 1 to 9;
A casing made of a porous material and having an opening on the surface of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, and means for maintaining a distance between the opened portion and the object surface at a constant distance; Means for sucking gas from a reduced pressure region formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object cooperating with each other, and means for moving the reduced pressure region along the surface of the object. A device that moves along the surface of the object; and presses the liquid onto the surface of the object made of a porous material, and then sucks and recovers the injected liquid. An apparatus is provided for moving.
According to the present invention, further, as set forth in claim 11,
Using a device moving along the surface of an object according to claims 1 to 9;
A casing made of a porous material and having an opening on the surface of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, and means for maintaining a distance between the opened portion and the object surface at a constant distance; Means for sucking gas from a reduced pressure region formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object cooperating with each other, and means for moving the reduced pressure region along the surface of the object. And a device that moves along the surface of the object.
[0010]
【Example】
Preferred embodiments of the device constructed according to the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, the illustrated device is a water press-in unit, a suction nozzle unit, a truck equipped with the water press-in unit and the suction nozzle unit, and pressurizes the water press-in unit to a predetermined pressure. And a vacuum pump for sucking air from the suction nozzle unit.
With respect to the running direction of the illustrated device, the running direction is the direction of arrow C in FIG. 1, but on the surface 1 of the object to be treated, the water injection unit first passes, and then the suction nozzle unit passes. The direction of travel of the device is thus configured.
The water press-fitting unit includes a pressure casing 22. The pressure casing 22 is cylindrical and has an opening at a portion facing the object surface 1, and has a cross section parallel to the object surface 1 of the pressure casing 22. The shape is oval. A pressure seal member 32 made of a relatively flexible material such as polyurethane rubber or plastic is attached to an open portion of the pressure casing 22 with bolts and nuts. The pressure seal member 32 has an oval ring shape as a whole and has a free end extending along the object surface 1 to the inside of the pressure casing 22. With this shape, the pressure seal member 32 is pressed against the object surface 1 by the pressure of the fluid inside the pressure seal member 32. That is, the shape of the pressure sealing member 32 is a so-called self-sealing shape.
The pressure casing 22 and the pressure seal member 32 cooperate with the object surface 1 to define the pressure area 12.
The suction nozzle unit has a decompression casing 21. The decompression casing 21 is cylindrical and has an opening at a portion facing the object surface 1, and the cross section of the decompression casing 21 parallel to the object surface 1 has a long shape. It has a circular shape. A pressure reducing seal member 31 made of a relatively flexible material such as polyurethane rubber or plastic is attached to an open portion of the pressure reducing casing 21 with bolts and nuts. The pressure-reducing seal member 31 has an oval ring shape as a whole, and has a free end extending outside the pressure-reducing casing 21 along the object surface 1. With this shape, the pressure reducing seal member 31 is pressed against the object surface 1 by the pressure of the fluid existing outside the pressure reducing seal member 31. That is, the shape of the pressure reducing seal member 31 is a so-called self-sealing shape.
The pressure reduction casing 21 and the pressure reduction seal member 31 define the pressure reduction region 11 in cooperation with the object surface 1.
A frame 4 of a traveling vehicle provided with four wheels 41 is fixed to side surfaces of the pressure casing 22 and the pressure reduction casing 21.
A connection joint 221 welded to the pressure casing 22 and communicating with the pressure region 12 is connected via a hose 952 to a connection joint 923 of the downstream valve chamber 932 of the pressure regulating valve 92 located on the upstream side. The connection joint 922 of the upstream valve chamber 931 of the pressure regulating valve 92 is connected via a hose 951 to the outlet of a variable displacement water supply pump 95 located further upstream. In the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the maximum discharge pressure of the water supply pump 95 used is about 12 kgf / cm 2 in absolute pressure. Also, regarding the absolute pressure of the upstream valve chamber 931: Pc kgf / cm 2, it is assumed that the value of Pc is about 4 because a considerable pressure loss occurs when the liquid is transferred through the small-diameter hose 951. .
The details of the pressure regulating valve 92 will be described. The casing 921 of the pressure regulating valve 92 is roughly divided into two chambers, a valve plate storage chamber and a valve plate drive chamber. Inside the valve plate storage chamber, the disc-shaped valve plate 927 is lowered by the drive rod 926 to close the valve hole 931 having a diameter of Dacm 2, and is raised to open the valve hole 931. When the valve plate 927 closes the valve hole 931, the valve plate storage chamber is divided into two chambers, an upstream valve chamber 931 and a downstream valve chamber 932. In the drawings of the present embodiment, the upstream valve chamber 931 and the valve hole 931 are the same part.
Inside the valve plate driving chamber, a circular membrane-shaped diaphragm 929 divides the valve plate driving chamber into two chambers, a pilot pressure chamber 933 and an upstream pressure chamber 934. When the valve plate 927 is closing the valve hole 931, the diaphragm 929 is pushing the disk-shaped piston 928 having a diameter Dbcm 2 downward. A drive rod 926 is fixed to the disc-shaped piston 928.
Since the connection joint 922 of the upstream valve chamber 931 and the connection joint 925 of the upstream pressure chamber 934 are connected by a hose, the pressures in the upstream valve chamber 931 and the upstream pressure chamber 934 are the same. When the diameter Dacm of the valve hole 931 is the same as the diameter Dbcm of the piston 928, the valve plate 927 is pushed upward to open the valve hole 931, and the piston 928 is pushed downward to close the valve hole 931. Are balanced.
A connection joint 924 of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is connected via a hose 942 to a pressure-reducing valve 943 with a relief located upstream thereof and to the air compressor 94 further upstream thereof. The absolute pressure of the pilot pressure chamber 933: Px kgf / cm 2 is set by the pressure reducing valve 943, but the value of Px can be any positive value of 0 or more. However, when the absolute pressure of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is desired to be higher than the atmospheric pressure (absolute pressure: 1.0332 kgf / cm 2), the value of Px must be larger than 1.0332.
The absolute pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 933: Px kgf / cm 2 generates a force Fx for pushing the piston 928 upward to open the valve hole 931. Further, the absolute pressure Pb kgf / cm 2 in the downstream valve chamber 932, that is, the pressurized area 12, generates a force Fb for pushing the valve plate 927 downward to close the valve hole 931. In the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter Dacm of the valve hole 931 and the diameter Dbcm of the piston 928 are the same. Therefore, when Pb <Px, the valve plate 927 is opened, and when Pb> Px, the valve plate 927 is closed. In the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the absolute pressure in the pressurized area 12 is assumed to be 1.4 kgf / cm 2, assuming that the standard value of Pb is about 1.4. The absolute pressure of the pilot pressure chamber 933: Px kgf / cm2 is set to 1.4 kgf / cm2 in order to maintain the pressure in cm2. That is, when Pb <1.4, the valve plate 927 is opened, and when Pb> 1.4, the valve plate 927 is closed.
A connection joint 211 connected to the decompression region 11 and welded to the decompression casing 21 is connected via a hose 961 to an inlet of a cyclone 963 located on the downstream side, and an outlet of the cyclone 963 is further connected via a hose 962. It is connected to the inlet of a vacuum pump 96 located downstream. In the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the maximum suction pressure of the vacuum pump 96 used is about 0.35 kgf / cm 2 in absolute pressure. As for the absolute pressure in the decompression region 11: Pa kgf / cm2, it is assumed that the value of Pa is about 0.62 because a pressure loss occurs when the gas is sucked and transferred through the hose 961.
A rotary feeder 964 for discharging water collected inside the cyclone 963 to an external water storage tank 97 is mounted below the cyclone 963.
An ultrasonic oscillator 91 for ultrasonically cleaning the object surface 1 by emitting ultrasonic waves toward the object surface 1 with water existing in the pressure region 12 as a propagation medium is mounted on the pressure casing 22. ing.
[0019]
[Action]
Next, the operation and effect of the apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
When the water supply pump 95 is operated, water is supplied to the pressurized area 12, then the pressurized area 12 is filled with water, and then the absolute pressure in the pressurized area 12 increases to 1.4 kgf / cm2. Thereafter, the absolute pressure in the pressurized region 12 is maintained at 1.4 kgf / cm2.
That is, since the valve plate 927 of the pressure adjusting valve 92 is set so that the valve plate 927 is opened when the absolute pressure of the pressurized region 12: Pb kgf / cm 2 satisfies Pb <1.4, the water supply pump 95 When water is supplied, the supplied water flows from the opened valve plate 927 into the pressurizing region 12, and when the absolute pressure in the pressurizing region 12 rises to 1.4 kgf / cm2, the valve plate 927 closes. Then, after a short time, the water present in the pressurized area 12 penetrates into the voids of the object surface 1 and flows off, and the water between the free end of the pressurizing seal member 32 and the object surface 1 is slightly reduced. Since the pressure also flows out of the pressurized area 12 through the small gap, the absolute pressure in the pressurized area 12 decreases to less than 1.4 kgf / cm 2, so that the valve plate 927 is opened again. Hereinafter, the valve plate 927 repeatedly opens and closes as described above to maintain the absolute pressure in the pressurized region 12 at a constant value.
The pressure of the water in the pressurized area 12 presses the free end of the pressurizing seal member 32 in the direction of the object surface 1, thereby preventing the water from flowing out of the pressurized area 12 as much as possible. .
The pressure of the water in the pressurized area 12 tends to lift the pressurized casing 22 in the direction opposite to the object surface 1, but is prevented by the weight of the bogie connected to the pressurized casing 22, and The distance between the opening of the pressure casing 22 and the object surface 1 is kept constant by the four wheels 41.
Regarding the degree of the flow path resistance exerted by the gap from the pressurized area 12 to the water flow passing through the gap on the object surface 1 to the outside of the pressurized area 12, It can be considered analogous to the degree of flow resistance that the orifice exerts on the water flow when passing through the m orifices.
Thus, the total area of the voids on the object surface 1 is Aa square m, the area of the gap between the free end of the pressure seal member 32 and the object surface 1 is Ab square m, and the sum of Aa square m and Ab square m is A square m, the flow rate of water per second supplied from the pressure regulating valve 92 to the pressurized area 12 measured by the flow meter 98 is Q cubic m, and the differential pressure between the absolute pressure of the pressurized area 12 and the absolute pressure of the atmosphere is If Pgf / cm 2, the relationship between A, Q, and P is represented by the following equation.
Q * Q = C * C * A * A * 2 * g * P * 10332 / r
Note that C is a flow coefficient (about 0.65), g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m / s2), and r is the specific weight of water (1000 kgf / m3 at 1 atm and 4 degrees C).
The above equation shows that as the value of P increases, the value of Q also increases. That is, if the pressure in the pressurized region 12 can be further increased, a required amount of water can be injected into the gap in a shorter time.
Next, when the vacuum pump 96 operates, the air inside the decompression region 11 is sucked to the downstream side, and the decompression region 11 is depressurized as required (absolute pressure of the decompression region 11: Pa = 0.62 kgf). / Cm2). When the pressure in the decompression region 11 is reduced, the pressure of the atmosphere surrounding the apparatus (absolute pressure: Po = 1.0332 kgf / cm 2) is increased by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the decompression region 11 (Po−Pa = 0.4132 kgf / cm 2). ), The pressure reducing casing 21 is pressed in the direction of the object surface 1, but is blocked by the four wheels 41 of the truck connected to the pressure reducing casing 21, and the opening of the pressure reducing casing 21 and the object surface 1 are prevented by the wheels 41. Is kept constant.
When the wheels 41 are rotationally driven by driving means such as a geared motor (not shown), the device moves along the object surface 1.
When the pressure inside the decompression region 11 is maintained at a desired pressure, the atmosphere surrounding the device causes the free end of the decompression seal member 31 to move to the object surface 1 due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the decompression region 11. To prevent the air from flowing into the decompression region 11 as much as possible.
When the decompression region 11 is thus decompressed, the atmosphere outside the decompression region 11 flows into the decompression region 11 through a gap on the object surface 1 and a slight gap between the decompression seal member 31 and the object surface 1.
Regarding the running direction of the device, the running direction of the device is configured such that the water injection unit first passes over the surface 1 of the object to be treated and then the suction nozzle unit. That is, first, water is injected between the gaps on the object surface 1 by the water injection unit, and then the water between the gaps is sucked and collected together with the atmosphere by the suction nozzle unit. The water and the atmosphere flowing into the decompression region 11 are sucked and transferred to the cyclone 963, and the water is separated by the cyclone 963, returned to the water storage tank 97 by the rotary feeder 964, and removed by the cyclone 963. The atmosphere is released again into the atmosphere via the vacuum pump 96.
In the following, the effect of press-injecting water into the space between the object surfaces 1 in the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
For example, when the object surface 1 is a drainage pavement made of a porous material, the water in the pressurized area 12 is pressed into the gap of the pavement, and the water in the gap is suctioned and transferred by the decompression area 11. . When the water passes through the gap, foreign matter such as mud scattered in the gap is pushed away by the water and sucked and transferred to the decompression region 11 together with the water. That is, water can be effectively used as a medium for transferring the foreign matter. As compared with the case where air is used instead of water as a medium for transferring the foreign matter, the use of water allows the foreign matter to be swept away by about 800 times the force when air is used.
Hereinafter, the reason will be described using mathematical expressions.
If there is a spherical foreign matter having a diameter of dm in the flow of the fluid, the drag Dkgf which the foreign matter receives from the fluid can be expressed by the following equation.
D = Cd * A * v * v * r / (2 * g)
Here, Cd is an efficiency coefficient, which is 0.34 in the case of a sphere, A is a projected area (m2) of a plane perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow, v is the velocity of fluid flow (m / s), and r is the fluid velocity. The specific weight (kgf / m3) and g are the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m / s2).
The specific weight of water at 1 atmosphere and 4 degrees C is 1000 kgf / m3, and the specific weight of air is 1.25 kgf / m3.
The above equation shows that the drag Dkgf received by a foreign substance in a fluid flow from the fluid increases in proportion to the specific weight rkgf / m3 of the fluid, and the fluid is water. Comparing the case and the case of air, at 1 atmosphere and 4 degrees C, the drag in the case of water is about 800 times the drag in the case of air.
That is, from the above equation, it can be concluded that water is more effective than air for washing out foreign substances.
The principle of the operation of the pressure regulating valve 92 will be described below with reference to FIG.
The absolute pressure of the pressurized area 12 and the downstream valve chamber 932 is Pbkgf / cm2, the absolute pressure of the upstream valve chamber 931 and the upstream pressure chamber 934 is Pckgf / cm2, the absolute pressure of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is Pxkgf / cm2, The force that pushes the valve plate 927 downward in the side valve chamber 932 is Fbkgf, the force that pushes the valve plate 927 upward in the upstream valve chamber 931 is Fckgf, the force that pushes the piston 928 downward in the upstream pressure chamber 934 is Fdkgf, If the force for pushing the piston 928 upward in the pressure chamber 933 is Fxkgf, the effective diameter of the valve plate 927 is Dacm, the effective diameter of the piston 928 is Dbcm, and Da = Db,
The total force Ft1kgf of pushing the valve plate 927 in the direction of closing it downward is:
Fb = Pb * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Fd = Pc * Db * Db * 3.14 / 4
Da = Db
Ft1 = Fb + Fd
Ft1 = (Pb + Pc) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
The total force Ft2kgf of pushing the valve plate 927 in the opening direction is:
Fc = Pc * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Fx = Px * Db * Db * 3.14 / 4
Da = Db
Ft2 = Fc + Fx
Ft2 = (Pc + Px) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
The conditions for opening the valve plate 927 are as follows:
Ft1 <Ft2
(Pb + Pc) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4 <(Pc + Px) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Pb + Pc <Pc + Px
Pb <Px
According to the above equation, the absolute pressure of the pilot pressure chamber 933: the value of Px in Pxkgf / cm2 and the pressure setting target value of the pressure setting area 12 in the absolute pressure: Pb in Pbkgf / cm2 are the same. It can be understood that the pressure in the pressurized region 12 can be easily adjusted to the target pressure irrespective of the pressure in the upstream valve chamber 931 if the value is set to the value.
Hereinafter, another embodiment of the pressure regulating valve 92 will be described with reference to FIG. 6 is different from the pressure regulating valve 92 in FIG. 5 in that the connection joint 924 of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is open to the atmosphere, and the piston 928 is placed downward in the upstream pressure chamber 934. There are only two points including a coil spring 935 that pushes the spring.
Hereinafter, the principle of operation of the pressure regulating valve 92 shown in FIG. 6 will be described using mathematical expressions.
The absolute pressure of the pressurization region 12 and the downstream valve chamber 932 is Pbkgf / cm 2, the absolute pressure of the upstream valve chamber 931 and the upstream pressure chamber 934 is Pckgf / cm 2, and the absolute pressure (atmospheric pressure) of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is 1 0.0332 kgf / cm 2, the force for pushing the valve plate 927 downward in the downstream valve chamber 932 is Fbkgf, the force for pushing the valve plate 927 upward in the upstream valve chamber 931 is Fckgf, and the piston 928 is pushed downward in the upstream pressure chamber 934. The pushing force is Fdkgf, the force pushing the piston 928 upward in the pilot pressure chamber 933 is Fokgf, the effective diameter of the valve plate 927 is Dacm, the effective diameter of the piston 928 is Dbcm, Da = Db, and the coil spring 935 is in the upstream pressure chamber 934. If the force that pushes the piston 928 downward is Fskgf,
The total force Ft1kgf of pushing the valve plate 927 in the direction of closing it downward is:
Fb = Pb * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Fd = Pc * Db * Db * 3.14 / 4
Da = Db
Ft1 = Fb + Fd + Fs
Ft1 = (Pb + Pc) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4 + Fs
The total force Ft2kgf of pushing the valve plate 927 in the opening direction is:
Fc = Pc * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Fx = 1.0332 * Db * Db * 3.14 / 4
Da = Db
Ft2 = Fc + Fx
Ft2 = (Pc + 1.0332) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
The conditions for opening the valve plate 927 are as follows:
Ft1 <Ft2
(Pb + Pc) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4 + Fs <(Pc + 1.0332) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
Fs <(1.0332-Pb) * Da * Da * 3.14 / 4
According to the above formula, the force of the coil spring 935 pushing the piston 928 downward: Fskgf is the absolute pressure: Pbkgf / cm 2, which is the target pressure setting value of the pressurizing area 12, and the effective diameter of the valve plate 927: Dacm. It can be seen that it is expressed as a function.
That is, it can be seen that the pressure in the pressurized region 12 can be easily adjusted to the target pressure independently of the pressure in the upstream valve chamber 931.
The pressure regulating valve 92 in FIG. 6 has an advantage that the pressure setting of the pilot pressure chamber 933 is not required as compared with the pressure regulating valve 92 in FIG. In the embodiment of the present invention, either pressure regulating valve may be used.
The pressure of the water supply pump 95 varies depending on the length of the hose 951, and the pressure loss of the hose 951 is a large value. It is necessary to select. Further, when the discharge pressure of the water supply pump 95 is large, the diameter of the hose 951 can be further reduced. Therefore, on the downstream side of the water supply pump 95, a pressure regulating valve having a pressure reducing function is inevitably required.
The pressure regulating valve 92 of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has an excellent feature that the water supplied from the water supply pump 95 can be reduced to an arbitrary pressure regardless of the discharge pressure of the pump.
The point where it is important to maintain the pressure area 12 at a constant pressure will be described. By setting the pressure in the pressure area 12 to a constant pressure, the force with which the water injection unit is pressed against the object surface 1 is reduced. If it is constant, the frictional force between the water injection unit and the object surface 1 can be constant, so that the water injection unit can be smoothly moved along the object surface 1.
Maintaining the pressurized area 12 at a constant pressure is very important also from the following viewpoints. That is, in the above equation
Q * Q = C * C * A * A * 2 * g * P * 10332 / r
Indicates that when the value of P is a constant, the value of A can be obtained by calculation when the value of Q is measured.
The value of A is the sum of Aa square m when the total area of the voids on the object surface 1 is Aa square m, and the area of the gap between the free end of the pressure seal member 32 and the object surface 1 is Ab square m. Although it is a sum, for the value of Ab, if the value of P is a constant, the value of Ab is a constant. Regarding the value of Aa, the value of Aa fluctuates depending on whether the volume of the foreign matter present in the voids on the object surface 1 is large or small. That is, the above equation shows that when the value of P is constant and the value of Q is measured, the value of Aa, that is, the area similar to the total area of the voids on the object surface 1 can be obtained by calculation.
If the above equation is used, if the flow rate of water decreases when the differential pressure between the absolute pressure of the atmosphere and the absolute pressure of the pressurized region 12 is constant, the total area of the voids on the object surface 1 decreases. Can be inferred that the water flow rate has decreased. That is, the increase or decrease in the total area of the voids obtained by calculation indicates the degree of the flow path resistance that the void exerts on the water flow. For example, the decrease in the total area of the voids shows the flow resistance that the void exerts on the water flow. Increase.
In the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, which moves along an object surface having a large number of voids by using a porous material as a raw material, an amount Q of water supplied to the pressurized region 12 per unit time, By measuring the pressure difference P between the absolute pressure of the pressurized region 12 and the absolute pressure of the atmosphere, a value similar to the size of the gap can be calculated from Q and P. In the present invention, in a device that moves along an object surface having a large number of voids by using a porous material as a material, a method of calculating a value similar to the size of the voids by calculation is also proposed. An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is not shown in the drawings of the embodiment and is related to the method of obtaining the calculation, is proposed below.
In a device that moves along the surface of an object made of a porous material, a casing having an opening in the direction of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, the opened portion and the object surface Means for maintaining the distance of the object at a constant distance, means for forcing a liquid into a pressurized area formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object in cooperation, and Means for moving along the surface of the object, the amount of water per unit time supplied to the pressurized area, and the absolute value of the pressurized area. Moving along the surface of the object, comprising means for measuring a pressure difference P between the pressure and the absolute pressure of the atmosphere, and means for calculating a value similar to the size of the gap from Q and P; Equipment to do.
The fluid described above may be a liquid or a gas.
The operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention when the ultrasonic oscillator 91 for ultrasonic cleaning is provided in the pressurized area 12 will be described below.
When an ultrasonic wave is emitted from the ultrasonic oscillator toward the object surface 1, the water in the pressurized area 12 effectively propagates the ultrasonic wave and exerts a cleaning action on the object surface 1.
For example, in the case where the object surface 1 is a drainage pavement made of a porous material, water existing in the pressurized region 12 penetrates into a void portion of the pavement to prevent foreign matter such as mud clogging the void portion. The ultrasonic wave acts to separate the foreign matter from the surface of the gap and float in water. Then, the foreign matter is transported while being swept away through the gap by the water, reaches the depressurized area 11, and moves to the depressurized area 11. The foreign matter and water together with the infiltrated atmosphere are sucked and collected in the downstream direction through the hose 961.
Hereinafter, the principle of cleaning will be described.
In the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention having the ultrasonic oscillator 91 for ultrasonic cleaning in the pressurized region 12 shown in FIG. 2, when the ultrasonic oscillator 91 repeats high-speed micro-vibration, the ultrasonic oscillator Due to the relative motion between the surface of 91 and the water molecules, small high vacuum voids (referred to as bubbles or cavities) are generated in the water molecules, and subsequently the water The molecular groups collide with each other by being pulled by the high vacuum, and a bubble collapse shock wave of, for example, about 1000 atm is generated during the collision. That is, a phenomenon generally called cavitation occurs. The apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 separates dirt from the object surface 1 by the bubble collapse shock wave acting on the object surface 1, that is, exerts a cleaning action on the object surface 1. is there.
Referring now to FIG. 7, instead of the ultrasonic oscillator 91 in FIG. 2, the rotating blade 811, the rotating blade drive motor 81, and air for promoting cavitation or air near the saturation state are contained. Another embodiment of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention having the nozzle 84 for jetting water will be described.
The device of FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the device of the present invention which exerts a cleaning action on the object surface 1 by the action of ultrasonic waves, which is different from the device of FIG.
In the illustrated apparatus, a rotating blade drive motor 81 having a rotating blade 811 for agitating water existing in the pressurized region 12 to generate cavitation fixed to a drive shaft thereof is newly provided in the pressurized casing 22. I have.
Further, the pressurized casing 22 is also provided with a new nozzle 84 for ejecting air that promotes cavitation or water containing air near saturation, toward the water existing in the pressurized region 12. A hose 845 for transferring the air or the water is connected to 84.
The operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 will be described below.
When the rotating blades 811 rotate at a high speed in the water in the pressurized region 12, a small amount of water is contained in the water molecules due to a decrease in pressure between the surface of the rotating blades 811 and the water molecules. A high-vacuum void group (referred to as a bubble group or a cavity group) is generated. Subsequently, the water molecules are attracted by the high vacuum and collide with each other, and a bubble collapse shock wave is generated at the time of the collision. That is, a phenomenon generally called cavitation occurs. The air ejected from the nozzle 84 or water containing air near the saturation state further promotes cavitation. The apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 separates dirt attached from the object surface 1 by the bubble collapse shock wave acting on the object surface 1, that is, exerts a cleaning action on the object surface 1.
FIG. 8 shows a high-speed water with cavitation instead of the rotary blade 811, the rotary blade drive motor 81, and the nozzle 84 for jetting air for promoting cavitation or water containing air near saturation. Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the device of the invention, which has a nozzle 74 for emitting a jet and exerts a cleaning action on the object surface 1 by the action of ultrasound.
The high-speed water jet with cavitation means that the high-speed water jet is supplied with air or water containing air near the saturation state in the high-speed water jet at a portion upstream of the nozzle of the nozzle 74. A high-speed jet of water configured to grow into a group of cavities with higher impact force when the jetted air molecules are nucleated, that is, to promote cavitation. The shock wave acts on the object surface 1 due to the occurrence of the cavitation, thereby separating the adhered dirt from the object surface 1, that is, exerting a cleaning action on the object surface 1.
Although not shown, the circulation of water used for the high-speed water jet is first suctioned by a high-pressure water pump from the water in the pressurized area 12, and then the downstream side of the high-pressure water pump and the nozzle 74 In the upstream portion of the jet port, air or water containing air near saturation is supplied into the high-speed water jet, and finally, the high-speed water jet flows from the nozzle 74 into the water in the pressurized region 12. If the device is configured to eject water, the water used for the high-speed water jet can be circulated and used.
The purpose of the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention described above is to press water as a medium for transferring a substance into a void portion on the surface of a porous object to keep water therein, and then to apply a vacuum. By sucking and collecting the water retained in the gap by the suction nozzle connected to the vacuum cleaner, the foreign matter in the gap is flushed using the flow of water, and thus the foreign matter is effectively sucked and collected. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device or method for moving along an object surface. In the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention described above, the water injection unit and the suction nozzle unit are mounted on the same truck, but they may be mounted on separate trucks.
Further, the object of the present invention is to utilize the fact that water injected into the voids on the surface of the porous object is a medium that effectively propagates ultrasonic waves, so that the water exists in a complicated meandering void. The ultrasonic wave is applied to the foreign matter, which causes the foreign matter to separate from the surface of the gap and float in the water. Thereafter, the suction nozzle connected to the vacuum cleaner suctions and collects the water retained in the gap. Accordingly, there is provided an apparatus or a method for moving along the surface of an object, in which the foreign matter existing in the gap is flushed away by using the flow of water, whereby the foreign matter can be effectively separated and suctioned and collected. It is in.
In recent summer, in urban areas in summer, the temperature is higher in the city center than in the suburbs, and the isotherm rises like an island due to the large amount of heat released from the cooling of the office and the automobile. Such a phenomenon, the so-called heat island phenomenon, has occurred. In order to alleviate the heat island phenomenon, a so-called water retentivity having a large number of voids and filling the voids with a special material having a water retentivity. Paved. In the water-retentive pavement, moisture is stored in the water-retaining material during rainy weather, and vaporization heat is taken from the road surface when the moisture evaporates during fine weather, thereby preventing a rise in road surface temperature. As a problem of the water-retentive pavement, when the rain does not fall and the sunshine continues, the water content of the water-retention material is depleted. In such a case, a means for storing the water in the water-retention material is necessary.
The water press-fitting unit in the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention described above can pressurize water to a higher pressure and press-fit it into the void portion of the water-retentive pavement even in the water-retentive pavement. The required amount of water can quickly penetrate the water-retentive pavement.
Although the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention can be embodied in various embodiments other than the preferred embodiment according to the claims.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, water as a medium for transferring a substance as a fluid is pressed into a void portion on the surface of a porous object to retain water, and then water is retained in the void portion by a suction nozzle connected to a vacuum cleaner. By sucking and collecting the water, the foreign matter existing in the gap can be washed away by using the flow of the water, so that the foreign matter can be effectively sucked and collected.
In the present invention, utilizing the fact that water pressed into the voids on the surface of the porous object is a medium that effectively propagates ultrasonic waves, the foreign matter present in the complicated and winding voids is eliminated. By applying ultrasonic waves, the foreign matter is peeled off from the surface of the gap and floated in water, and then the water retained in the gap by the suction nozzle connected to the vacuum cleaner is collected by suction. The foreign matter existing in the gap is flushed away by using the flow of water, so that the foreign matter can be effectively peeled off and collected by suction.
In the present invention, since it is possible to press water to a higher pressure and press it into the void portion of the water-retentive pavement, it is possible to quickly permeate the required amount of water into the water-retentive pavement. it can.
The present invention has a function of calculating a value similar to the size of a void on the surface of a porous object by calculation, so that, for example, a value similar to the porosity of a porous pavement is collected and stored. Since it is possible, a distribution map of the porosity in the porous pavement can be created based on the value, thereby contributing to the maintenance and management of the porous pavement.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus constructed according to the present invention, as viewed from the direction of the object surface.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the device shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in the apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 shows the overall system of a preferred embodiment of the device configured according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a preferred embodiment of a pressure regulating valve provided in an apparatus constructed according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a second example of the preferred embodiment of the pressure regulating valve provided in the device constituted according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention shown in FIG. 2, in which a rotating blade 811, a rotating blade drive motor 81, and air or air for promoting cavitation are saturated in place of the ultrasonic vibrator 91; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention with a nozzle 84 for ejecting water contained nearby.
8 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus constructed according to the present invention shown in FIG. 7, showing a rotating blade 811, a rotating blade drive motor 81, and a nozzle for jetting air for promoting cavitation or water containing air near saturation. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention having a nozzle 74 for ejecting a high-speed water jet with cavitation instead of 84.

Claims

In a device that moves along an object surface made of a porous material, a casing having an opening in the direction of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, the opened portion and the object surface Means for maintaining the distance of the object at a constant distance, means for forcing a liquid into a pressurized area formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object in cooperation, and Means for moving along the surface of the object.

2. The sealing member according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is made of a flexible material such as rubber, and has a self-sealing shape pressed against the surface of the object by the pressure of the liquid present in the pressing region. A device that moves along the surface of an object.

The apparatus for moving along the surface of an object according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a pressure adjusting means for adjusting a pressure in the pressure area to an arbitrary pressure.

In the configuration of the pressure regulating means, an upstream valve chamber connected to the liquid supply pump, a downstream valve chamber connected to the pressurizing region, and communication between the upstream valve chamber and the downstream valve chamber. In a pressure regulating means including a valve hole, a valve plate for opening and closing the valve hole, and a valve driving unit for driving the valve plate to open and close, the actual pressure value of the pressure region and the pressure adjustment target are determined. The pressure in the pressure region is adjusted to the arbitrary pressure by opening and closing the valve plate due to the occurrence of a pressure difference between the pressure value and the arbitrary pressure value. 4. The apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claim 3, further comprising a pressure adjusting means.

The force that the liquid inside the upstream valve chamber acts on the valve plate and in the direction of the valve plate is Fc, and the liquid inside the downstream valve chamber is applied to the valve plate and the valve. When the force acting in the direction of the plate is Fb, in the configuration of the valve driving means for opening and closing the valve plate, a force acting in the same direction as Fc and in the direction opposite to Fc is applied to the valve. A force Fx having an arbitrary value acting on the valve plate and acting in the opposite direction to Fb and corresponding to the arbitrary pressure value of the pressure adjustment target, acting on the valve plate. 5. The valve driving device according to claim 4, further comprising the valve driving means configured to open the valve plate when <Fx> and to close the valve plate when Fb> Fx. A device that moves along the surface of an object.

The force that the liquid inside the upstream valve chamber acts on the valve plate and in the direction of the valve plate is Fc, and the liquid inside the downstream valve chamber is applied to the valve plate and the valve. When the force acting in the direction of the plate is Fb, in the configuration of the valve driving means for opening and closing the valve plate, a force acting in the same direction as Fc and in the direction opposite to Fc is applied to the valve. A force acting on the valve plate, and a force Fo caused by the atmospheric pressure or a force Fo caused by the pressure of the gas surrounding the object surface and the pressurized region acts on the valve plate in a direction opposite to Fb. In addition, a force Fs of an elastic body such as a spring is applied to the valve plate in the same direction as Fb, so that the valve plate is opened when Fb + Fs <Fo, and the valve is opened when Fb + Fs> Fo. The valve driving means configured to close the plate, Device moving along the surface of the object according to Motomeko 4.

7. The apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claim 1, further comprising means for emitting ultrasonic waves in the pressurized area.

The apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claim 1, further comprising means for generating cavitation in the pressurized area.

A means for measuring an amount of water per unit time Q supplied to the pressurized area and a pressure difference P between an absolute pressure of the pressurized area and an absolute pressure of the atmosphere; 9. An apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claim 1, further comprising means for calculating a similar value.

An apparatus for moving along an object surface according to claims 1 to 9;
A casing made of a porous material and having an opening on the surface of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, and means for maintaining a distance between the opened portion and the object surface at a constant distance; Means for sucking gas from a reduced pressure region formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object cooperating with each other, and means for moving the reduced pressure region along the surface of the object. A device that moves along the surface of the object; and presses the liquid onto the surface of the object made of a porous material, and then sucks and recovers the injected liquid. Device to move.

Using a device moving along the surface of an object according to claims 1 to 9;
A casing made of a porous material and having an opening on the surface of the object surface, a sealing member attached to the opened portion, and means for maintaining a distance between the opened portion and the object surface at a constant distance; Means for sucking gas from a reduced pressure region formed by the casing, the seal member and the surface of the object cooperating with each other, and means for moving the reduced pressure region along the surface of the object. And a device that moves along the surface of the object.