JP2004300475A - Method for manufacturing three-dimensional cam and powder-molding apparatus - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing three-dimensional cam and powder-molding apparatus Download PDF

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JP2004300475A
JP2004300475A JP2003092144A JP2003092144A JP2004300475A JP 2004300475 A JP2004300475 A JP 2004300475A JP 2003092144 A JP2003092144 A JP 2003092144A JP 2003092144 A JP2003092144 A JP 2003092144A JP 2004300475 A JP2004300475 A JP 2004300475A
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cam
dimensional
shape
manufacturing
nose portion
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JP3939671B2 (en
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Arata Kakiuchi
新 垣内
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for easily and inexpensively manufacturing a three-dimensional cam, and to provide a powder-molding apparatus used therefor. <P>SOLUTION: A targeted shape has a recess 6 having a depth and a width increasing toward a cam nose portion 3, positioned in a semicircular periphery of a hollow circle 7 for a camshaft on each of the top and bottom faces and of the cam nose portion 3 side. The manufacturing method comprising pressing a powder from only an upper side to obtain a compact 5 which has a higher density in the upper side than in the bottom side, and a higher density in the bottom side of the cam nose portion 3 than in the bottom side of a cam base portion 2; and sintering the cam to form the tapered shape due to a difference between the densities and to obtain a finally aiming three-dimensional cam 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関に用いられるカムシャフトの三次元カムの製造方法およびこれに用いられる粉末成形装置に関し、詳しくは、簡易かつコストが低減された三次元カムの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関(エンジン)の動弁装置には、カムシャフトが用いられる。このカムシャフトに備えるカムとして、図1(a)に示すような、三次元カム1が知られている(例えば、特許文献1〜3参照)。この三次元カム1は、カムノーズ部3の片面側のスラスト方向に斜面(テーパー)4が形成されたものであり、バルブの開閉弁時期や開弁時間、バルブリフト特性等のバルブ特性を可変にするために用いられるものである。
【0003】
この三次元カム1の製造方法として、以下の方法が知られている。一つは、通常の形状を有するカム(テーパーの形成されていないカム)を作製し、そのカムノーズ部3をテーパー形状4となるように切削、研磨することにより三次元カム1に修正する方法である(例えば、特許文献1参照)。もう一つは、鉄合金粉末を圧縮成形する際に、三次元カム形状とする方法である(例えば、特許文献2,3参照)。具体的には、図4に、焼結材料を圧縮成形する粉末成形装置50の断面図を示すように、プレス型のカムノーズ部3に対応する部分(上パンチ57、下パンチ58またはダイ55)をテーパー形状にしておき、焼結前の圧縮成形時にカムノーズ部3をテーパー形状4とした成形体52を作製する。その後、その成形体52を焼結することにより三次元カム1を得るものである。
【特許文献1】
特開平10−044014号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−090808号公報
【特許文献3】
特開昭55−081212号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、三次元カム1のカムノーズ部3を切削、研磨する方法では、カムのカムノーズ部3を曲面(三次元形状)であるテーパー形状4に加工することが困難であった。そして、カム材は固いため、切削、研磨に時間がかかるとともに、そのコストも高くなるという問題があった。
【0005】
また、粉末成形装置50におけるプレス型のカムノーズ部3に対応する部分をテーパー形状にする方法では、プレス型のカムノーズ部対応部分54を曲面(三次元形状)であるテーパー形状に加工することが困難であった。そのため、プレス型の切削、研磨に時間がかかるとともに、そのコストも高くなる。さらに、このプレス型を用いた粉末成形装置50は、プレス時に大きな圧力がかかるため、プレス時の位置決めを間違えると、上パンチ57の下端とダイ55の段差部分がぶつかり、上述のカムノーズ部対応部分54が破損しやすい。そのため、さらにコストが高くなるという問題があった。
【0006】
そこで、本発明は、こうした問題を解決し、時間がかからず、コストが低減され、簡易に行うことができる、三次元カムの製造方法およびこれに用いられる粉末成形装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決する本発明の三次元カムの製造方法は、鉄合金粉末を一方側のみから圧縮成形して、三次元カム形状とは相違する目標形状の成形体とした後、前記成形体を焼結することにより、前記目標形状から三次元カム形状に変形させることに特徴を有する。
【0008】
この発明によれば、三次元カムとは異なる形状のカム成形体を一方向からの圧縮成形により形成することで、焼結前のカム成形体に密度差を設けることができる。このとき、カム成形体の圧縮成形された側の密度が相対的に高くなる。そして、この所定の密度差を有する成形体について、焼結時の鉄合金粉末の収縮量の違いを利用することにより、カム成形体のカムノーズ部に斜面を形成することができる。こうして、三次元形状のカムが作製される。そのため、カムや粉末成形装置のパンチ型を三次元形状に加工せずにすむので、三次元カムを簡易に製造することができる。さらに、この三次元カムの製造方法は、従来の各方法に比べ、研磨等の時間がかからず、コストも低減されたものである。
【0009】
上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記圧縮成形は、上側のみから行うことに特徴を有する。この上側とは、カム成形体を圧縮成形する際の上側を示す。また、上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記三次元カム形状は、圧縮成形された一方側のカムノーズ部に斜面が形成された形状であることに特徴を有する。
【0010】
上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記目標形状は、上下各面におけるカム軸用中空円のカムノーズ部側の半円外周の位置に、カムノーズ部に向かって深さと幅とが大きくなる凹部を有した形状であることに特徴を有する。
【0011】
この発明によれば、一方向から圧縮成形された目標形状の成形体が、カムノーズ部に斜面を形成することができる密度差を有するものとなる。そして、この目標形状の成形体を成形するための粉末成形装置は、ダイ内周面や、上パンチ、下パンチの各部品を三次元形状にすることなく、凹部に対応する凸部を有したストレート形状とすることができる。そのため、粉末成形装置の各部品を簡易に作製でき、全体として三次元カムの製造にかかるコストおよび時間を低減させることができる。
【0012】
上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記成形体は、各位置において密度差を有することに特徴を有する。具体的には、前記成形体は、下側より上側の密度が大きく、カムノーズ部下側よりカムベース部下側の密度が大きいことに特徴を有する。また、上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記成形体の理論密度比が85〜93%であることが好ましい。さらに、上記本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、前記目標形状は、カムベース部外面とカムベース部側のカム軸用中空円との距離が、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の0.2倍以下であり、カムの高さが、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の1.8倍以上であり、凹部の幅が、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の1/3倍以上であり、凹部の深さが、カムの高さの0.2倍以上であることが好ましい。
【0013】
この発明によれば、焼結前の成形体が、所定の密度差、理論密度比、寸法を有することにより、焼結後のカムのカムノーズ部に良好にテーパー形状を形成することができ、三次元形状のカムを容易に得ることができる。
【0014】
上記課題を解決する本発明の粉末成形装置は、内孔を有するダイと、その内孔に配置されるコアロッドと、ダイおよびコアロッドの間隙に配置され、固定可能に取り付けられた下パンチと、これに対向する摺動可能な上パンチと、を有するカム用の粉末成形装置であって、該下パンチおよび上パンチの各対向面が、コアロッド接触部分におけるカムノーズ部形成側の半円の位置にカムノーズ部形成側に向かって高さと幅とが大きくなる凸部を有する形状であることに特徴を有する。
【0015】
この発明によれば、ダイ内周面が三次元形状とならず、ストレートな形状とすることができる。また、下パンチ、上パンチ等の各部品も複雑な形状とならない。そのため、粉末成形装置を簡便に製造することができ、また、粉末成形装置の使用時にも各部品が破損しにくい。その結果、本発明の粉末成形装置は、各部品の寿命が長くなり、三次元カムの製造にかかるコストを低減できる。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、図を用いて本発明の三次元カムの製造方法および粉末成形装置について説明する。
【0017】
(三次元カムの製造方法)
本発明の三次元カムの製造方法により得られる三次元形状のカム1は、図1(a)に示すように、カムベース部2とカムノーズ部3とからなり、カムベース部2にはカム軸用中空円(空洞)7が形成されており、カムノーズ部3にはスラスト方向にテーパー形状(斜面)4が形成されているものである。
【0018】
本発明の三次元カムの製造方法においては、まず、鉄合金粉末を圧縮成形し、最終的に得たい三次元カム形状1(図1(a)参照)とは相違する、目標形状の成形体5(図1(b)参照)とする(圧縮成形工程、図3参照)。その後、圧縮成形された成形体5を焼結することにより三次元カム形状1に変形させる(焼結工程)。
【0019】
本発明においては、図3の粉末成形装置20の断面図に示すように、カムの成形体5を一方側からのみから加圧して成形する(図3(a)矢印23参照)。これより、成形体5のカムノーズ部3のスラスト方向において密度差ができる。この密度差による焼結時の鉄合金粉末の収縮量の違いを利用して、焼結時にカムノーズ部3にテーパー4が形成される。成形体5を焼結した後は、三次元形状のカム1となる。なお、通常、カムの焼結前の成形体は上下両側より加圧して成形されるものである。本発明においては、この上下両側からの加圧を、一方側のみ、特に上側からの加圧としたところに特徴を有している。ここで、本発明において、カムを説明する場合の上下とは、製造工程における圧縮成形時、焼結時にカムを置いた状態での上下をいう。
【0020】
圧縮成形工程について説明する。
【0021】
圧縮成形工程においては、粉末成形装置20を用いて一方側のみから鉄合金粉末21をプレス(圧縮成形)し、成形体5を作製する。このプレスは、下側のパンチ28を固定して、上側のパンチ27のみを動かし、上側からプレスする。このプレス時の圧力は、特に限定されないが、4〜10ton/cm程度とする。なお、上側のパンチ27を固定して、下側のパンチ28のみを動かし、下側からプレスすることも可能である。
【0022】
このようにプレスすることで、圧縮成形された焼結用鉄合金粉末の成形体5は、成形体の各位置において密度差を有することとなる。具体的には、上側のみから圧縮成形された焼結用鉄合金粉末の成形体は、下側よりも加圧された上側の密度が大きく、カムノーズ部3下側よりカムベース部2下側の密度が大きくなる。
【0023】
成形体5の密度について図2(b2)に示した成形体5のスラスト方向の断面図を用いて説明する。カムベース部上面11よりもカムベース部下面12の方が密度が小さい。カムベース部2のカム軸用中空円7におけるカムノーズ部3側に設けられた凹部6、6’(後述する。)を有する位置では、上面13よりも下面14の方が密度が小さい。カムノーズ部上面15よりもカムノーズ部下面16の方が密度が小さい。カムベース部2、カムベース部2のカムノーズ部3側に設けられた凹部6、カムノーズ部3の各上面側では、ほぼ同程度の密度である。一方、カムの下面側では、カムベース部下面12よりもカムノーズ部下面16の密度が小さい。
【0024】
この圧縮成形された鉄合金粉末の成形体5の理論密度比は、85〜93%程度とする。理論密度比が85%未満であると、成形後のカムベース部2に密度差が生じ、焼結後にカムベース部2がテーパー形状となる。理論密度比が93%より大きくなると、成形時にカムノーズ部3における密度差が大きくならず、焼結後にカムノーズ部3にテーパー形状4が得られない場合がある。理論密度比は、好ましくは、88〜90%程度である。なお、理論密度比とは、成形体5の理論密度に対する、圧縮された成形体5の平均密度の比である。
【0025】
圧縮成形された後の成形体5の形状(目標形状)について、図1(b)および図2(a)〜(c)を用いて説明する。この成形体5の形状は、上述の密度差を生じさせることと密接に関連する。
【0026】
図2(a)はカム成形体5の上面図を示し、図2(b1)、(b2)は(a)におけるA−A’断面(カムノーズ部先端8、9を通るスラスト方向の断面)およびカム成形体5の各寸法を示し、図2(c)は(b1)におけるB−B’断面(成形体5の凹部6を含む、上面図と平行な断面)を示したものである。
【0027】
この成形体5の形状は、図1(b)、図2に示すように、通常のカム形状におけるカム軸用中空円7のカムノーズ部3側の半円外周の位置に、カムノーズ部3に向かって深さと幅とが徐々に大きくなる凹部6を有した形状である。凹部6は、図1(b)および図2(a)に示すように、成形体5の中空円7の中心Oを通る直線でカムベース2側とカムノーズ3側とに分けたときに、この直線上においては深さがない。凹部6は、この位置からカムノーズ部3側に向かい、徐々に深くなっていく。また、凹部6は、先の中空円7の中心Oを通る直線上においては、カムの中空円7とカムの外壁との距離よりも短い幅Iを有し、カムノーズ部3側に向かい、この幅が徐々に広くなっていく。なお、凹部6のカムベース部2側端における幅Iは、凹部6のカムノーズ部3側先端における幅fよりも小さければよく、幅Iは0(ゼロ)でもよい。幅Iがない場合には、凹部6を上面から見ると、三日月を上下方向に縮めたような形状となっている。このような凹部6がカム成形体5の上面に設けられるとともに、同様の形状の凹部6’がカム成形体5の下面に設けられる。このカムの上下各面に設けられた凹部6、6’は、最もカムノーズ部3寄りの位置において、同一の深さe,e’と幅f、f’を有する。なお、ここでのカムの高さbは、カムのスラスト方向の幅を指す。
【0028】
具体的には、カムベース部2外面とカムベース部2側のカム軸用中空円7との距離c(図2(b1)におけるc)が、カムノーズ部上側先端9とカム軸用中空円7との距離a(図2(b1)におけるa)の0.2倍以下であり、カムの高さb(図2(b1)におけるb)が、カムノーズ部上側先端9とカム軸用中空円7との距離aの1.8倍以上であり、凹部6の幅f、f’(図2(b1)におけるf、f’)が、カムノーズ部上側先端9とカム軸用中空円7との距離aの1/3倍以上であり、凹部6の深さe(図2(b1)におけるe、e’)が、カムの高さbの0.2倍以上である形状とする。なお、カムノーズ部上側先端9とカム軸用中空円7との距離aは、圧縮成形したカムを焼結した後の値である。
【0029】
cがaの0.2(1/5)倍以下であることにより、カムベース部2側はカムノーズ部3側に比べて面圧が上がり、カムベース部2におけるスラスト方向での密度差が発生しにくくなる。cがaの0.2倍より大きくとなると、カムベース部2にも密度差が生じ、焼結後にテーパー形状となってしまう場合がある。なお、通常、cがaの0.1倍以上とする。好ましくは、cがaの0.15倍以上0.2倍以下である。
【0030】
bがaの1.8倍以上であることにより、成形後にカムノーズ部3のスラスト方向に十分な密度差が生じるため、焼結後にカムノーズ部3にテーパー形状4が得られる。bがaの1.8倍未満となると、成形後にカムノーズ部3のスラスト方向で十分な密度差が生じなくなるため、焼結後にカムノーズ部3のテーパー形状4が得にくくなる。なお、通常、bがaの2.0倍以上とする。好ましくは、bがaの2.2倍以上2.5倍以下である。
【0031】
f、f’がaの1/3倍以上であることにより、カムノーズ部3の中空円7側に大きな密度差が生じないため、この位置がテーパー形状とならずにすむ。f、f’が1/3未満であると、カムノーズ部3の中空円7側に密度差が生じ、この位置がテーパー形状となる場合がある。
【0032】
e,e’がbの0.2(1/5)倍以上であることにより、カムノーズ部3の中空円7側に大きな密度差が生じず、この位置がテーパー形状とならずにすむ。e,e’がbの0.5倍未満となるとカムノーズ部3の中空円7側に密度差が生じてこの位置がテーパー形状となる場合がある。
【0033】
こうしたカムの成形体5の大きさは、特に限定されないが、焼結による収縮を考慮して、カムの長さ(カム軸に垂直となる方向のカムの最大長さ)g(図2(b1)におけるg)が20〜50mm程度、カム軸用中空円7の直径h(図2(b1)におけるh)が10〜30mm程度とする。また、カムの高さbが20〜40mm程度、カムベース部2外面とカムベース部2側のカム軸用中空円7との距離cが2〜5mm程度、カムノーズ部3下側先端とカム軸用中空円7との距離d(図2(b1)におけるd)が10〜20mm程度とする。
【0034】
圧縮成形される鉄合金粉末は、焼結後の強度等を考慮してその組成が決められる。この鉄合金粉末の組成や組成比は、特に限定されず、従来公知のものとすることができる。具体的には、鉄(Fe)粉末に、黒鉛(C)、銅(Cu)、ニッケル(Ni)、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)等を添加することができる。これらは、通常、各々0.5〜10質量%程度添加される。さらに具体的には、Fe−C−Cu、Fe−C−Cu−Ni等の組成にすることができる。
【0035】
なお、圧縮成形時の温度は、通常の温度と同様であり、室温(RT)〜200℃程度で行う。また、圧縮成形時の成形体5の周囲の雰囲気は、通常の圧縮成形時の雰囲気と同様にして行われる。また、圧縮成形をする際は、上パンチ27を駆動させて圧縮し、その後、通常と同様に成形体5を粉末成形装置20から取り出せばよい。圧縮成形工程は、このような圧縮成形を行うことができる、後述する本発明の圧縮成形装置を用いて行われる。
【0036】
次いで、焼結工程について説明する。
【0037】
上述の成形工程にて圧縮成形された成形体5は、従来公知の方法で焼結される。この際、成形体5は、プレスされて密度が高く構成されている側を上側にした状態で焼結されてもよく、逆に、密度が高く構成されている側を下側にした状態で焼結されてもよい。
【0038】
焼結時の温度は、通常の温度と同様であり、特に限定されないが、1100〜1200℃程度で行う。焼結時の成形体5の周囲の雰囲気は、通常の焼結時の雰囲気と同様であり、特に限定されないが、Axガス、Rxガス、真空等の雰囲気の下で焼結が行われる。成形体の焼結にかかる時間は、通常の時間と同様であり、特に限定されないが、0.25〜1.0時間程度である。焼結工程は、このような焼結を行うことのできる従来公知の焼結装置を用いて行われる。
【0039】
このようにカム用の成形体5を焼結すると、図2(d)に示すように、焼結時の成形体5の上側に、カムノーズ部3のテーパー形状(斜面)4が形成された三次元形状のカム1となる。
【0040】
成形体5の焼結工程の後、形成された三次元カムの形状を整えるために、従来公知の方法で、研磨、ポリッシング等を行うことにより、三次元カムが製造される。研磨は、NC研磨機等により行われる。
【0041】
このように、本発明の三次元カムの製造方法は、焼結によりカムノーズ部3のテーパー形状4が形成されるため、従来のような、カムやパンチ型を三次元形状に切削、研磨するための時間がかからず、コストが低減され、簡易に行うことができるものである。なお、本発明の三次元カムの製造方法は、後述する本発明の粉末成形装置と、通常の焼結装置とを備えた三次元カムの製造システムにより、実現することができる。
【0042】
(粉末成形装置)
本発明の三次元カムの製造方法において、鉄合金粉末を圧縮成形する際に用いられる粉末成形装置について、図3を参照して説明する。
【0043】
図3に示すように、粉末成形装置20は、内孔を有するダイ25と、その内孔に配置されるコアロッド26と、ダイ25およびコアロッド26との間隙に配置され、固定可能に取り付けられた下パンチ28と、これに対向する摺動可能な上パンチ27と、を有する。下パンチ28を固定し、上パンチ27を可動とすることにより、上側のみから加圧成形することができ、上述のように密度差を有する成形体5(図1(b)参照)を形成することができる。
【0044】
ダイ25の有する内孔は、図2(a)に示すカム上面図の外側形状を形成できる形状となっている。コアロッド26は、カム軸用中空円7に対応した形状となっている。
【0045】
下パンチ28および上パンチ27は、その各対向面、すなわち、鉄合金粉末と接触する面が、コアロッド26と接触する部分におけるカムノーズ部3形成側の半円の位置に、カムノーズ部3形成側に向かって高さと幅とが徐々に大きくなる凸部29、29’を有する形状とする。この凸部29は、圧縮成形後のカム成形体5における凹部6に対応するものである。上パンチ27と下パンチ28がこうした形状になっていることで、上述のカム用の成形体5を形成することができる。
【0046】
このように、本発明の粉末成形装置20は、従来のように上パンチ27やダイ25の形状を三次元カム1のカムノーズ部3のテーパー形状(斜面)4を成形する三次元の形状にせずにすむ。そして、下パンチ28、上パンチ27、ダイ25の各部品(金型)は、曲面はあるものの、装置の高さ方向においてはストレートな形状であり、三次元的な曲面を有さないため、簡便に作製できる。また、この粉末成形装置20は、三次元カムの成形体5を加圧成形した場合に、上パンチ27に加圧による大きな負担がかかりにくく、破損しにくい。これも、上パンチ27がカムノーズ部3の斜面4を形成する三次元の形状ではないためである。このように、粉末成形装置20の各部品が簡便に製造でき、その各部品の寿命が長くなるため、従来の三次元カムを成形するための粉末成形装置50(図4参照)に比べて、コストを低減できる。
【0047】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例と比較例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
(実施例1)
純鉄(Fe)粉に黒鉛(C)粉末を1質量%、亜鉛(St−Zn)粉末を1質量%添加し、混合した粉末を図3に示した粉末成形装置にて圧縮成形した。粉末成形装置に用いる各金型について、図2(b1)における寸法が表1のものとなるようにした。粉末成形装置のダイ、コアロッド、下パンチを固定し、上パンチのみで圧縮成形して図1(b)に表したものと同様のカム成形体とした。この成形体について、圧縮成形された側を上側として、Axガス雰囲気の焼結炉で1150℃程度、30分間の焼結を行った。その結果、カムノーズ部の上側にスラスト方向にテーパーが形成された3次元カムが得られた。この三次元カムの寸法およびd/aの比、および判定を表2に示す。判定は、d/aが1.2以上の場合を○とし、d/aが1.2未満の場合を×とした。なお、各表中a〜fの数値の単位はmmである。
(比較例1〜7)
粉末成形装置に用いる各金型の寸法および理論密度比を表1に示すものとした他は、実施例1と同様にして、三次元カムを作製した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 2004300475
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 2004300475
このように、焼結前のカム成形体を上述の寸法比の範囲内で作製した実施例1は、良好なテーパー形状を有する三次元カムを作製することができた。そして、粉末成形装置の形状を複雑にすることなく、容易かつコスト、時間がかからずにテーパー形状を有する三次元カムを製造することができた。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の三次元カムの製造方法によれば、三次元カムとは異なる形状のカム成形体を一方向からの圧縮成形により形成することで、焼結前のカム成形体に密度差を設けることができる。このとき、カム成形体の圧縮成形された側の密度が相対的に高くなる。そして、この密度差を有する成形体を焼結することにより、鉄合金粉末の収縮量の違いを利用してカム成形体のカムノーズ部に斜面を形成することができる。こうして容易に三次元形状のカムを得ることができる。そのため、カムや粉末成形装置のパンチ型を三次元形状に加工せずにすむので、三次元カムを簡易に製造することができる。また、この三次元カムの製造方法は、従来の各方法に比べ、時間がかからず、コストが低減されたものである。
【0051】
また、本発明のカム用の粉末成形装置によれば、ダイ内周面が三次元形状とならず、ストレートな形状とすることができる。また、下パンチ、上パンチ等の各部品も複雑な形状とならない。そのため、粉末成形装置の各部品を簡便に製造することができ、また、粉末成形装置の使用時にも各部品が破損しにくい。その結果、本発明の粉末成形装置は、各部品の寿命が長くなり、三次元カムの製造にかかるコストを低減できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の三次元カムの製造方法により製造される三次元カムおよびその製造途中段階の鉄合金粉末成形体を示す斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の三次元カムの製造方法における圧縮成形後の鉄合金粉末成形体の上面図および断面図と、焼結後の三次元カムの断面図である。
【図3】本発明の粉末成形装置の使用状態を示す断面図である。
【図4】従来の三次元カムの製造に用いられる粉末成形装置の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 三次元カム
2 カムベース部
3 カムノーズ部
4 カムの斜面(テーパー形状)
5、5(PP) カムの圧縮成形後の成形体
6、6’ カム軸用中空円のカムノーズ部側半円外周に設けられた凹部
7 カム軸用中空円
8 カムノーズ部下側先端
9 カムノーズ部上側先端
11 カムベース部上面
12 カムベース部下面
13 中空円外周の上面
14 中空円外周の下面
15 カムノーズ部上面
16 カムベース部下面
20 本発明の粉末成形装置
21、51(PW) 鉄合金粉末
23、53 プレス方向
25、55 ダイ
26、56 コアロッド
27、57 上パンチ
28、58 下パンチ
29 各パンチに設けられた凸部
50 従来の三次元カム製造に用いられる粉末成形装置
52 従来の三次元カムの圧縮成形後の成形体
54 パンチ型のカムノーズ部対応部分
a カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離
b カムの高さ
c カムベース部外面とカムベース部側のカム軸用中空円との距離
d カムノーズ部下側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離
e,e’ 凹部の高さ
f、f’ 凹部の幅
g カムの長さ
h カム軸用中空円の直径
I 凹部のカムベース側端における幅
O カム軸用中空円の中心[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam for a camshaft used in an internal combustion engine and a powder molding apparatus used for the same, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam that is simple and reduced in cost.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A camshaft is used for a valve gear of an internal combustion engine. As a cam provided on the camshaft, a three-dimensional cam 1 as shown in FIG. 1A is known (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3). This three-dimensional cam 1 has a slope (taper) 4 formed in the thrust direction on one side of a cam nose portion 3 so that valve characteristics such as valve opening / closing timing, valve opening time, and valve lift characteristics can be varied. It is used for
[0003]
The following method is known as a method for manufacturing the three-dimensional cam 1. One is a method in which a cam having a normal shape (a cam having no taper formed) is manufactured, and the cam nose portion 3 is cut and polished so as to have a tapered shape 4 so as to be modified into a three-dimensional cam 1. (For example, see Patent Document 1). The other is a method of forming a three-dimensional cam shape when compression molding an iron alloy powder (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, a cross-sectional view of a powder molding apparatus 50 for compressively molding a sintered material, a portion corresponding to the cam nose portion 3 of the press die (upper punch 57, lower punch 58 or die 55). Is formed in a tapered shape, and a molded body 52 having a cam nose portion 3 having a tapered shape 4 is produced during compression molding before sintering. Thereafter, the three-dimensional cam 1 is obtained by sintering the molded body 52.
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-044014
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-090808 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-55-08212
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method of cutting and polishing the cam nose portion 3 of the three-dimensional cam 1, it is difficult to process the cam nose portion 3 of the cam into a tapered shape 4 that is a curved surface (three-dimensional shape). And since a cam material is hard, there existed a problem that cutting and grinding took time and the cost became high.
[0005]
Further, in the method of forming a portion corresponding to the cam nose portion 3 of the press die in the powder molding apparatus 50 into a tapered shape, it is difficult to process the portion 54 corresponding to the cam nose portion of the press die into a tapered shape having a curved surface (three-dimensional shape). Met. Therefore, it takes time to cut and polish the press die, and the cost increases. Further, in the powder molding apparatus 50 using this press die, since a large pressure is applied at the time of pressing, if the positioning at the time of pressing is wrong, the lower end of the upper punch 57 and the step portion of the die 55 collide, and the above-mentioned cam nose portion corresponding portion 54 is easily damaged. Therefore, there is a problem that the cost is further increased.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam and a powder molding apparatus used for the same, which can solve such a problem, reduce the time, reduce the cost, and easily perform the method. And
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is as follows: the iron alloy powder is compression-molded from only one side to obtain a molded body having a target shape different from the three-dimensional cam shape. The sintering is characterized in that the target shape is transformed into a three-dimensional cam shape.
[0008]
According to the present invention, by forming a cam molded body having a shape different from that of the three-dimensional cam by compression molding from one direction, it is possible to provide a difference in density between the cam molded bodies before sintering. At this time, the density of the compression molded side of the cam molded body becomes relatively high. By using the difference in the amount of shrinkage of the iron alloy powder during sintering of the compact having the predetermined density difference, a slope can be formed in the cam nose portion of the cam compact. Thus, a three-dimensional cam is manufactured. Therefore, the cam and the punch of the powder molding apparatus do not need to be processed into a three-dimensional shape, so that the three-dimensional cam can be easily manufactured. Further, the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional cam does not require much time such as polishing and the cost is reduced as compared with the conventional methods.
[0009]
In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention, the compression molding is performed only from the upper side. The upper side indicates the upper side when the cam compact is compression molded. Further, in the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention, the three-dimensional cam shape is characterized in that a slope is formed on one side of a compression-molded cam nose.
[0010]
In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention, the target shape has a depth and a width that are larger toward the cam nose portion at positions on the upper and lower surfaces of the semicircular outer periphery of the cam shaft hollow circle on the cam nose portion side. It is characterized in that it has a concave portion.
[0011]
According to the present invention, the compact having the target shape that is compression-molded from one direction has a density difference capable of forming a slope in the cam nose portion. Then, the powder molding apparatus for molding the molded body having the target shape had a convex portion corresponding to the concave portion without forming the inner peripheral surface of the die, the upper punch, and the lower punch into three-dimensional shapes. It can be straight. Therefore, each part of the powder molding apparatus can be easily manufactured, and the cost and time required for manufacturing the three-dimensional cam as a whole can be reduced.
[0012]
In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention, the molded body is characterized in that there is a density difference at each position. Specifically, the molded body is characterized in that the density on the upper side is higher than the lower side, and the density on the lower side of the cam base is higher than the lower side of the cam nose. In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention, it is preferable that a theoretical density ratio of the molded body is 85 to 93%. Further, in the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention, the target shape is such that a distance between the outer surface of the cam base portion and the camshaft hollow circle on the cam base portion side is a distance between the upper end of the cam nose portion and the camshaft hollow circle. The height of the cam is at least 1.8 times the distance between the upper tip of the cam nose and the hollow circle for the camshaft, and the width of the recess is equal to or less than the distance between the upper tip of the cam nose and the camshaft. Preferably, the distance from the hollow circle is 1/3 or more, and the depth of the recess is 0.2 times or more the height of the cam.
[0013]
According to the present invention, since the molded body before sintering has a predetermined density difference, a theoretical density ratio, and dimensions, it is possible to favorably form a tapered shape at the cam nose portion of the cam after sintering. An original cam can be easily obtained.
[0014]
A powder molding apparatus according to the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems includes a die having an inner hole, a core rod disposed in the inner hole, a lower punch disposed in a gap between the die and the core rod and fixedly attached, And a slidable upper punch opposed to the cam nose, wherein each of the facing surfaces of the lower punch and the upper punch has a cam nose at a semicircular position on the cam nose portion forming side in the core rod contact portion. It is characterized in that the shape has a convex portion whose height and width increase toward the portion forming side.
[0015]
According to the present invention, the inner peripheral surface of the die can be formed into a straight shape instead of a three-dimensional shape. Also, each component such as the lower punch and the upper punch does not have a complicated shape. Therefore, the powder molding apparatus can be easily manufactured, and each component is hardly damaged even when the powder molding apparatus is used. As a result, in the powder molding apparatus of the present invention, the life of each component is prolonged, and the cost for manufacturing the three-dimensional cam can be reduced.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam and a powder molding apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
(3D cam manufacturing method)
A three-dimensional cam 1 obtained by the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention includes a cam base 2 and a cam nose 3, as shown in FIG. A circle (hollow) 7 is formed, and a tapered shape (slope) 4 is formed in the cam nose portion 3 in the thrust direction.
[0018]
In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention, first, an iron alloy powder is compression-molded, and a formed body having a target shape different from the finally obtained three-dimensional cam shape 1 (see FIG. 1A). 5 (see FIG. 1B) (compression molding step, see FIG. 3). Thereafter, the compression molded body 5 is sintered to be deformed into the three-dimensional cam shape 1 (sintering step).
[0019]
In the present invention, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the powder molding apparatus 20 in FIG. 3, the molded body 5 of the cam is molded by pressing from only one side (see the arrow 23 in FIG. 3A). As a result, a density difference occurs in the cam nose portion 3 of the molded body 5 in the thrust direction. The taper 4 is formed in the cam nose portion 3 during sintering by utilizing the difference in the amount of shrinkage of the iron alloy powder during sintering due to the difference in density. After sintering the compact 5, the three-dimensional cam 1 is obtained. Normally, the compact before sintering the cam is formed by pressing from both upper and lower sides. The present invention is characterized in that the pressurization from both upper and lower sides is performed only on one side, particularly from above. Here, in the present invention, the up and down when describing the cam means the up and down with the cam placed during compression molding and sintering in the manufacturing process.
[0020]
The compression molding step will be described.
[0021]
In the compression molding step, the iron alloy powder 21 is pressed (compression molded) from only one side using the powder molding apparatus 20 to produce the compact 5. In this press, the lower punch 28 is fixed, only the upper punch 27 is moved, and the press is performed from above. The pressure at the time of pressing is not particularly limited, but is 4 to 10 ton / cm. 2 Degree. It is also possible to fix the upper punch 27, move only the lower punch 28, and press from the lower side.
[0022]
By pressing in this manner, the compact 5 of the iron alloy powder for sintering that has been compression-formed has a density difference at each position of the compact. Specifically, the compact of the iron alloy powder for sintering that is compression-molded only from the upper side has a higher density on the upper side pressed than on the lower side, and has a lower density on the lower side of the cam base section 2 than on the lower side of the cam nose section 3. Becomes larger.
[0023]
The density of the compact 5 will be described with reference to the cross-sectional view of the compact 5 in the thrust direction shown in FIG. The density of the cam base portion lower surface 12 is lower than that of the cam base portion upper surface 11. At a position having the concave portions 6 and 6 ′ (described later) provided on the cam nose portion 3 side of the camshaft hollow circle 7 of the cam base portion 2, the lower surface 14 has a lower density than the upper surface 13. The cam nose lower surface 16 has a lower density than the cam nose upper surface 15. The cam base portion 2, the concave portion 6 provided on the cam nose portion 3 side of the cam base portion 2, and the upper surface side of the cam nose portion 3 have substantially the same density. On the other hand, on the lower surface side of the cam, the density of the cam nose portion lower surface 16 is lower than that of the cam base portion lower surface 12.
[0024]
The theoretical density ratio of the compression-molded iron alloy powder compact 5 is about 85 to 93%. If the theoretical density ratio is less than 85%, a density difference occurs in the cam base 2 after molding, and the cam base 2 has a tapered shape after sintering. If the theoretical density ratio is larger than 93%, the density difference in the cam nose portion 3 does not increase during molding, and the tapered shape 4 may not be obtained in the cam nose portion 3 after sintering. The theoretical density ratio is preferably about 88 to 90%. The theoretical density ratio is a ratio of the average density of the compact 5 to the theoretical density of the compact 5.
[0025]
The shape (target shape) of the compact 5 after compression molding will be described with reference to FIG. 1 (b) and FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c). The shape of the molded body 5 is closely related to the above-described density difference.
[0026]
FIG. 2A shows a top view of the cam molded body 5, and FIGS. 2B 1 and 2 B 2 show cross sections AA ′ in FIG. 2A (cross sections in the thrust direction passing through the cam nose tip ends 8 and 9) and FIG. 2C shows a cross section taken along line BB ′ (b1) of FIG. 2 (including the concave portion 6 of the molded body 5 and parallel to the top view).
[0027]
As shown in FIGS. 1B and 2, the shape of the molded body 5 is set at a position on the semicircular outer periphery of the camshaft hollow circle 7 side of the camshaft hollow circle 7 in the normal cam shape toward the cam nose part 3. And a concave portion 6 whose depth and width gradually increase. As shown in FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. 2 (a), when the concave portion 6 is divided into the cam base 2 side and the cam nose 3 side by a straight line passing through the center O of the hollow circle 7 of the molded body 5, There is no depth above. The concave portion 6 gradually becomes deeper from this position toward the cam nose portion 3 side. In addition, the concave portion 6 has a width I shorter than the distance between the hollow circle 7 of the cam and the outer wall of the cam on a straight line passing through the center O of the hollow circle 7, and faces the cam nose portion 3 side. The width gradually increases. Note that the width I of the recess 6 at the end of the cam base portion 2 on the side of the cam base portion 2 may be smaller than the width f of the recess 6 at the tip of the cam nose portion 3 on the side thereof, and the width I may be 0 (zero). When there is no width I, when the concave portion 6 is viewed from the upper surface, the shape is such that the crescent is shortened in the vertical direction. Such a concave portion 6 is provided on the upper surface of the cam molded body 5, and a concave portion 6 ′ having the same shape is provided on the lower surface of the cam molded body 5. The concave portions 6, 6 'provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the cam have the same depths e, e' and the same widths f, f 'at the position closest to the cam nose portion 3. Here, the height b of the cam indicates the width of the cam in the thrust direction.
[0028]
Specifically, the distance c (c in FIG. 2 (b1)) between the outer surface of the cam base 2 and the camshaft hollow circle 7 on the cam base 2 side is the distance between the cam nose upper end 9 and the camshaft hollow circle 7. The distance a (a in FIG. 2 (b1)) is 0.2 times or less, and the height b of the cam (b in FIG. 2 (b1)) is between the upper end 9 of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle 7 for the cam shaft. The width f, f ′ of the concave portion 6 (f, f ′ in FIG. 2 (b1)) is at least 1.8 times the distance a, and the distance a between the upper end 9 of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle 7 for the cam shaft is equal to the distance a. The shape is not less than 1/3 and the depth e of the recess 6 (e, e 'in FIG. 2 (b1)) is not less than 0.2 times the height b of the cam. The distance a between the upper end 9 of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle 7 for the camshaft is a value after sintering the compression molded cam.
[0029]
When c is 0.2 (0.2) times or less of a, the cam base 2 has a higher surface pressure than the cam nose 3, so that a difference in density in the cam base 2 in the thrust direction hardly occurs. Become. If c is larger than 0.2 times a, a difference in density also occurs in the cam base portion 2, which may result in a tapered shape after sintering. Usually, c is 0.1 times or more of a. Preferably, c is 0.15 times or more and 0.2 times or less of a.
[0030]
When b is 1.8 times or more of a, a sufficient density difference occurs in the thrust direction of the cam nose portion 3 after molding, so that the tapered shape 4 is obtained in the cam nose portion 3 after sintering. When b is less than 1.8 times a, a sufficient density difference does not occur in the thrust direction of the cam nose portion 3 after molding, so that it is difficult to obtain the tapered shape 4 of the cam nose portion 3 after sintering. Normally, b is 2.0 times or more of a. Preferably, b is 2.2 times or more and 2.5 times or less of a.
[0031]
Since f and f ′ are 1 / times or more of a, a large density difference does not occur on the side of the hollow circle 7 of the cam nose portion 3, so that this position does not have to be tapered. If f and f 'are less than 1/3, a density difference occurs on the side of the hollow circle 7 of the cam nose portion 3, and this position may be tapered.
[0032]
When e and e 'are 0.2 (1/5) times or more of b, a large density difference does not occur on the side of the hollow circle 7 of the cam nose portion 3, and this position does not have to be tapered. If e and e 'are less than 0.5 times b, a density difference occurs on the side of the hollow circle 7 of the cam nose portion 3, and this position may be tapered.
[0033]
Although the size of the formed body 5 of the cam is not particularly limited, the length of the cam (the maximum length of the cam in the direction perpendicular to the cam axis) g (FIG. G) is about 20 to 50 mm, and the diameter h (h in FIG. 2 (b1)) of the hollow shaft 7 for the camshaft is about 10 to 30 mm. The height b of the cam is about 20 to 40 mm, the distance c between the outer surface of the cam base 2 and the hollow circle 7 for the camshaft on the side of the cam base 2 is about 2 to 5 mm, the lower end of the cam nose 3 and the hollow for the camshaft. The distance d from the circle 7 (d in FIG. 2 (b1)) is about 10 to 20 mm.
[0034]
The composition of the iron alloy powder to be compression molded is determined in consideration of the strength and the like after sintering. The composition and composition ratio of the iron alloy powder are not particularly limited, and may be conventionally known ones. Specifically, graphite (C), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), or the like can be added to iron (Fe) powder. These are usually added in an amount of about 0.5 to 10% by mass. More specifically, the composition may be Fe-C-Cu, Fe-C-Cu-Ni, or the like.
[0035]
In addition, the temperature at the time of compression molding is the same as a normal temperature, and is performed at room temperature (RT) to about 200 ° C. The atmosphere around the compact 5 during compression molding is performed in the same manner as the atmosphere during normal compression molding. Further, when performing compression molding, the upper punch 27 is driven to compress, and then the compact 5 may be taken out from the powder compacting device 20 in the same manner as usual. The compression molding step is performed using a compression molding apparatus of the present invention described below, which can perform such compression molding.
[0036]
Next, the sintering step will be described.
[0037]
The compact 5 formed by compression molding in the above-described forming step is sintered by a conventionally known method. At this time, the molded body 5 may be pressed and sintered in a state in which the side having a high density is turned up, and conversely, in a state in which the side having a high density is turned down. It may be sintered.
[0038]
The temperature at the time of sintering is the same as a normal temperature, and is not particularly limited, but the sintering is performed at about 1100 to 1200 ° C. The atmosphere around the molded body 5 at the time of sintering is the same as the atmosphere at the time of normal sintering, and is not particularly limited, but sintering is performed under an atmosphere of Ax gas, Rx gas, vacuum, or the like. The time required for sintering the compact is the same as the usual time, and is not particularly limited, but is about 0.25 to 1.0 hour. The sintering step is performed using a conventionally known sintering apparatus capable of performing such sintering.
[0039]
When the cam compact 5 is sintered in this way, as shown in FIG. 2D, a tertiary shape in which the tapered shape (slope) 4 of the cam nose portion 3 is formed on the upper side of the compact 5 during sintering The cam 1 has the original shape.
[0040]
After the step of sintering the molded body 5, in order to adjust the shape of the formed three-dimensional cam, polishing, polishing, and the like are performed by a conventionally known method to manufacture the three-dimensional cam. Polishing is performed by an NC polishing machine or the like.
[0041]
As described above, according to the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention, since the tapered shape 4 of the cam nose part 3 is formed by sintering, a conventional cam or punch die is cut and polished into a three-dimensional shape. It does not take much time, the cost is reduced, and it can be performed easily. The method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention can be realized by a three-dimensional cam manufacturing system including a powder molding device of the present invention described below and a normal sintering device.
[0042]
(Powder molding equipment)
With reference to FIG. 3, a description will be given of a powder compacting apparatus used for compression-molding an iron alloy powder in the method for producing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 3, the powder molding apparatus 20 is provided with a die 25 having an inner hole, a core rod 26 disposed in the inner hole, and a gap between the die 25 and the core rod 26 and fixedly attached thereto. It has a lower punch 28 and a slidable upper punch 27 facing the lower punch 28. By fixing the lower punch 28 and making the upper punch 27 movable, pressure molding can be performed from only the upper side, and the molded body 5 having the density difference as described above (see FIG. 1B) is formed. be able to.
[0044]
The inner hole of the die 25 has a shape capable of forming the outer shape of the top view of the cam shown in FIG. The core rod 26 has a shape corresponding to the camshaft hollow circle 7.
[0045]
The lower punch 28 and the upper punch 27 have respective opposing surfaces, that is, surfaces that come into contact with the iron alloy powder, at a semicircular position on the cam nose portion 3 forming side in a portion that comes into contact with the core rod 26, The shape has convex portions 29 and 29 ′ whose height and width gradually increase. The convex portion 29 corresponds to the concave portion 6 of the cam molded body 5 after compression molding. With the upper punch 27 and the lower punch 28 having such a shape, the above-described molded body 5 for a cam can be formed.
[0046]
As described above, the powder molding apparatus 20 of the present invention does not change the shape of the upper punch 27 and the die 25 to the three-dimensional shape for forming the tapered shape (slope) 4 of the cam nose portion 3 of the three-dimensional cam 1 as in the related art. I'm sorry. Each part (die) of the lower punch 28, the upper punch 27, and the die 25 has a curved surface, but has a straight shape in the height direction of the apparatus and does not have a three-dimensional curved surface. It can be easily manufactured. Further, in the powder molding apparatus 20, when the molded body 5 of the three-dimensional cam is molded under pressure, a large load due to the pressure is hardly applied to the upper punch 27, and the powder is unlikely to be damaged. This is also because the upper punch 27 is not a three-dimensional shape that forms the slope 4 of the cam nose portion 3. As described above, since each part of the powder molding apparatus 20 can be easily manufactured and the life of each part is prolonged, compared to the conventional powder molding apparatus 50 for molding a three-dimensional cam (see FIG. 4). Cost can be reduced.
[0047]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
(Example 1)
1 mass% of graphite (C) powder and 1 mass% of zinc (St-Zn) powder were added to pure iron (Fe) powder, and the mixed powder was compression-molded by a powder molding apparatus shown in FIG. The dimensions in FIG. 2 (b1) of each mold used in the powder molding apparatus were set to those shown in Table 1. A die, a core rod, and a lower punch of a powder molding apparatus were fixed, and compression molding was performed only with the upper punch to obtain a cam molded body similar to that shown in FIG. 1B. This molded body was sintered in a sintering furnace in an Ax gas atmosphere at about 1150 ° C. for 30 minutes with the compression molded side facing upward. As a result, a three-dimensional cam having a taper in the thrust direction above the cam nose was obtained. Table 2 shows the dimensions of the three-dimensional cam, the ratio of d / a, and the judgment. In the judgment, ○ was given when d / a was 1.2 or more, and × was given when d / a was less than 1.2. In addition, the unit of the numerical values of a to f in each table is mm.
(Comparative Examples 1 to 7)
A three-dimensional cam was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the dimensions and the theoretical density ratio of each mold used in the powder molding apparatus were as shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the results.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004300475
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004300475
As described above, in Example 1 in which the cam compact before sintering was manufactured within the range of the dimensional ratio, a three-dimensional cam having a favorable tapered shape could be manufactured. And, without complicating the shape of the powder molding apparatus, a three-dimensional cam having a tapered shape could be manufactured easily, at low cost and without any time.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention, a cam molded body having a shape different from that of the three-dimensional cam is formed by compression molding from one direction, so that the cam molded body before sintering is formed. Can be provided with a density difference. At this time, the density of the compression molded side of the cam molded body becomes relatively high. By sintering the compact having the density difference, a slope can be formed in the cam nose portion of the cam compact using the difference in the amount of shrinkage of the iron alloy powder. Thus, a three-dimensional cam can be easily obtained. Therefore, the cam and the punch of the powder molding apparatus do not need to be processed into a three-dimensional shape, so that the three-dimensional cam can be easily manufactured. Further, the method of manufacturing the three-dimensional cam does not require much time and reduces the cost as compared with the conventional methods.
[0051]
According to the powder molding apparatus for a cam of the present invention, the inner peripheral surface of the die does not have a three-dimensional shape but can have a straight shape. Also, each component such as the lower punch and the upper punch does not have a complicated shape. Therefore, each part of the powder molding apparatus can be easily manufactured, and each part is hardly damaged even when the powder molding apparatus is used. As a result, in the powder molding apparatus of the present invention, the life of each component is prolonged, and the cost for manufacturing the three-dimensional cam can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional cam manufactured by a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the present invention and an iron alloy powder compact in the middle of its manufacture.
FIG. 2 is a top view and a sectional view of an iron alloy powder compact after compression molding in the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam of the present invention, and a sectional view of the three-dimensional cam after sintering.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a use state of the powder molding apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional powder molding apparatus used for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 3D cam
2 Cam base
3 Cam nose section
4 Cam slope (tapered shape)
5,5 (PP) Molded body after compression molding of cam
6, 6 'concave portion provided on the outer circumference of the semicircle on the cam nose portion side of the hollow circle for the cam shaft
7 Hollow circle for camshaft
8 Cam nose lower end
9 Upper end of cam nose
11 Upper surface of cam base
12 Lower surface of cam base
13 Upper surface of the outer circumference of the hollow circle
14 Lower surface of outer circumference of hollow circle
15 Cam nose upper surface
16 Lower surface of cam base
20 Powder molding apparatus of the present invention
21, 51 (PW) Iron alloy powder
23, 53 Press direction
25, 55 die
26, 56 Core rod
27, 57 Upper punch
28, 58 Lower punch
29 Projection provided on each punch
50 Powder molding equipment used in conventional three-dimensional cam production
52 Molded body after compression molding of conventional three-dimensional cam
54 Punch-type cam nose corresponding part
a Distance between the upper end of the cam nose and the hollow circle for the camshaft
b Cam height
c Distance between the cam base outer surface and the camshaft hollow circle on the cam base side
d Distance between lower end of cam nose and hollow shaft for cam shaft
e, e 'Height of recess
f, f 'width of recess
g Length of cam
h Diameter of hollow circle for camshaft
I Width of the recess at the cam base side end
O Center of hollow circle for camshaft

Claims (9)

鉄合金粉末を一方側のみから圧縮成形して、三次元カム形状とは相違する目標形状の成形体とした後、前記成形体を焼結することにより、前記目標形状から三次元カム形状に変形させることを特徴とする三次元カムの製造方法。After the iron alloy powder is compression-molded from only one side to obtain a compact having a target shape different from the three-dimensional cam shape, the compact is deformed into the three-dimensional cam shape by sintering the compact. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam. 前記圧縮成形は、上側のみから行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the compression molding is performed only from an upper side. 前記三次元カム形状は、圧縮成形された一方側のカムノーズ部に斜面が形成された形状であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional cam shape is a shape in which a slope is formed in one cam nose part formed by compression molding. 4. 前記目標形状は、上下各面におけるカム軸用中空円のカムノーズ部側の半円外周の位置に、カムノーズ部に向かって深さと幅とが大きくなる凹部を有した形状であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。The target shape is a shape having a concave portion whose depth and width increase toward the cam nose portion at positions on the upper and lower surfaces of the semicircular outer periphery of the cam shaft hollow circle on the cam nose portion side. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記成形体は、各位置において密度差を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。The method of manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1, wherein the molded body has a density difference at each position. 前記成形体は、下側より上側の密度が大きく、カムノーズ部下側よりカムベース部下側の密度が大きいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。The three-dimensional cam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the molded body has a higher density above the lower side and a higher density below the cam base part than below the cam nose part. Method. 前記成形体の理論密度比が85〜93%であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a theoretical density ratio of the compact is 85 to 93%. 前記目標形状は、カムベース部外面とカムベース部側のカム軸用中空円との距離が、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の0.2倍以下であり、
カムの高さが、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の1.8倍以上であり、
凹部の幅が、カムノーズ部上側先端とカム軸用中空円との距離の1/3倍以上であり、
凹部の深さが、カムの高さの0.2倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の三次元カムの製造方法。
In the target shape, the distance between the outer surface of the cam base portion and the hollow circle for the camshaft on the cam base portion side is 0.2 times or less the distance between the upper end of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle for the camshaft,
The height of the cam is at least 1.8 times the distance between the upper end of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle for the cam shaft,
The width of the concave portion is at least 1/3 times the distance between the upper end of the cam nose portion and the hollow circle for the cam shaft,
The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the depth of the concave portion is not less than 0.2 times the height of the cam.
内孔を有するダイと、その内孔に配置されるコアロッドと、ダイおよびコアロッドの間隙に配置され、固定可能に取り付けられた下パンチと、これに対向する摺動可能な上パンチと、を有するカム用の粉末成形装置であって、
該下パンチおよび上パンチの各対向面が、コアロッド接触部分におけるカムノーズ部形成側の半円の位置に、カムノーズ部形成側に向かって高さと幅とが大きくなる凸部を有する形状であることを特徴とするカム用の粉末成形装置。
A die having an inner hole, a core rod disposed in the inner hole, a lower punch fixedly mounted and disposed in a gap between the die and the core rod, and a slidable upper punch facing the lower punch. A powder molding device for a cam,
Each of the opposing surfaces of the lower punch and the upper punch has a shape having a convex portion having a height and width increasing toward the cam nose portion forming side at a semicircular position on the cam nose portion forming side in the core rod contact portion. Characteristic powder molding equipment for cams.
JP2003092144A 2003-03-28 2003-03-28 Three-dimensional cam manufacturing method and powder molding apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3939671B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100822713B1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2008-04-17 안광복 The double cam

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100822713B1 (en) * 2007-07-05 2008-04-17 안광복 The double cam

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