JP2004292380A

JP2004292380A - Composition for agriculture and horticulture

Info

Publication number: JP2004292380A
Application number: JP2003087769A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Kiyoshi Kimura; 清木村; Hanayo Miura; 華代三浦
Original assignee: HOKKAI SANKYO KK; Sankyo Agro Co Ltd
Current assignee: HOKKAI SANKYO KK; Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc
Priority date: 2003-03-27
Filing date: 2003-03-27
Publication date: 2004-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-27
Also published as: JP3667324B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition for agriculture and horticulture for preventing emergence of a low amylose wheat, and to provide a method for preventing the emergence of the low amylose wheat. <P>SOLUTION: The composition for agriculture and horticulture for preventing the emergence of the low amylose wheat contains one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous acid ester, and an ammonium salt, a primary to quaternary ammonium salt, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt and a polyvalent metal salt of the phosphorous acid ester. And the composition is applied to the wheat in a reproductive period as a method for preventing the emergence of the low amylose wheat. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
低アミロ麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物及びそれを施用することによる低アミロ麦発生防止方法に関する発明である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
子実性穀物と呼ばれる作物の一群に小麦、大麦、ライ麦、エン麦がある。これら麦類は米と異なってそのほとんどが製粉され、パン、麺、菓子などとして食用に供されるため加工に適した高品質の麦粉を得るための高品質な麦子実が求められている。しかし麦類では古来気象条件等により収穫時期に発芽が始まる、いわゆる穂発芽の発生が問題となっている。これは、穂発芽した麦を原料にした粉のアミログラフ最高粘度が低下しているため、パンや麺の品質を著しく低下させるためである。この最高粘度が一定値以下になった麦を低アミロ麦とよんでいる。このような低アミロ麦を避けるためには、いかにして発芽に際して増加するα−アミラーゼ活性を抑えるような栽培を行うかが重要であり、安全でしかも効果の高い低アミロ麦防止剤や栽培法の開発が生産、流通及び実需者から切望されている。
【０００３】
世界で最も生産量が多い穀物である小麦では、穂発芽問題は古くから解決に向けて研究が進められてきた。世界各地で耐穂発芽性品種の開発が行われ、新しい品種ほど耐穂発芽性は向上しているものの、いかなる気象条件にあっても穂発芽しない品種はまだ開発されていない。
【０００４】
栽培法上の対策として、穂発芽していない穀物を収穫するための栽培法が試みられてきた。一部では子実中のα−アミラーゼ活性を測定して、穂発芽した麦と健全な麦と隔離して管理・流通させる方策がとられている。
【０００５】
穂発芽防止剤として、ポリエチレングリコールや植物ホルモン類（マレイン酸ヒドラジド、アブシジン酸）等の化学合成物質を収穫前に散布処理する方法が提案されているものの（特許文献１及び非特許文献１）、その効力は十分ではなく、麦生産現場での使用は行われていない。最近、本申請者らは亜リン酸およびその塩が低アミロ麦抑制剤として有効であることを明らかにした（特許文献２）。これらの亜リン酸およびその塩はそれ以前の穂発芽防止剤に比べて格段の効果を有している。
【０００６】
【特許文献１】
特公昭６３−４０４０１号公報
【非特許文献１】
北農６１巻４号５０‐５４ページ１９９４年
【特許文献２】
特開２００２−３４８２０３号公報
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、これらの薬剤は全て実用上満足な効果であるとはいえない。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等はさらに検討を深め誠意研究した結果、亜リン酸エステルおよび、亜リン酸エステルのアンモニウム塩、第１級〜第４級アンモニウム塩、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩および多価金属塩よりなる群から選択される１種又は２種以上の化合物が麦のα−アミラーゼ活性の発現を効果的にかつ、亜リン酸カリ以上に抑制することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。本発明に含まれる請求項２のトリス（エチルホスホナート）のアルミニウム塩は殺菌剤として公知（ＦＲ−２２５４２７６，ＣＡＳＲＮ［３９１４８−２４−８］、農薬登録１５５４８）の物質であるがα−アミラーゼ活性の発現を抑制する効果を有することはこれまで知られていなかった。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における農園芸用組成物は、亜リン酸エステルおよび、亜リン酸エステルのアンモニウム塩、第１級〜第４級アンモニウム塩、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩および多価金属塩よりなる群から任意に選択することができるが、好適には、アルミニウム＝エチルホスホナート（以下ホセチル−Ａｌと称す）である。
【０００９】
本発明における農園芸用組成物は、農業に通常使用される、展着剤、殺菌剤、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤や他の農業用薬剤や肥料、例えば、尿素、亜リン酸塩、正リン酸塩、ポリリン酸塩系葉面散布肥料等と混合して同時に、又は単独で前後して施用することができる。
【００１０】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用量は作物や品種、気象条件、施用時期、施用方法、施用機材によっても異なるが、通常Ｐ_２Ｏ_５換算で、１０アール当たり２５〜１２０ｇである。本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用方法は、葉面散布が好ましい。本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用濃度は、Ｐ_２Ｏ_５換算で、通常、０．０２〜０．２質量％である。本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用量は、通常、１０アール当たり１００〜２００Ｌである。本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用可能な時期は全生育期間であるが、麦の生殖成長期前後に施用することが好ましい。
【００１１】
以下に、実施例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
【００１２】
【実施例】
【００１３】
【実施例１】
小麦（春まき小麦品種：ハルユタカ）を平成１４年４月２０日に播種し、北海道施肥標準および防除基準に拠った栽培基準（平成７年、北海道農務部）にしたがって栽培し、一区１０ｍ^２の試験区を設けた。ホセチル−Ａｌ水溶液、亜リン酸カリ水溶液、リン酸カリ水溶液をそれぞれＰ_２Ｏ_５換算で０．１％濃度に調整し、１０アール当たり１００Ｌを下記の生育時期に合計３回葉面散布した。すなわち、散布は、第１回目（開花期）、第２回目（開花１０日後）、第３回目（開花２０日後）におこなった。収穫は収穫適期である平成１４年８月９日（出穂後４２日）に行い、試験区内９ヵ所から計４ｍ^２分を刈り取り収量調査用試料とした（以下適期収穫と表示）。また、試験区の一部を立毛状態のまま残し、６日後の平成１４年８月１５日に刈り取った（以下晩刈りと表示）。なお、適期収穫と晩刈りとの間に数回の降雨に遭遇した。対照区には慣行栽培基準に従った防除のみを行った。当年の春まき小麦の登熟期間中は降水量が多く、低アミロ小麦が多発する条件であった。
【００１４】
適期収穫した小麦について、収量、α−アミラーゼ活性値、発芽粒割合、及びシャーレ上での発芽試験をおこなった。晩刈りした小麦ではα−アミラーゼ活性値のみを測定した。その結果を対照区の結果と共に、表１〜４に示す。
【００１５】
収量は各処理区４ｍ^２分の小麦を収穫適期に刈り取り、天日で乾燥してから脱穀・調整の後、子実重、千粒重等の測定をおこなった。α−アミラーゼ活性値の測定は、北海道農政部指導参考事項「低アミロ小麦の迅速検定法の開発北海道農業試験会議資料」（平成７年度（１９９５年）北海道立中央農業試験場、農産化学部穀物利用科）に記載のブルースターチ法にしたがって、乾麦の全粒粉について測定を行い、２反復測定の平均値を求めた。
【００１６】
【表１】

適期収穫の小麦のα−アミラーゼ活性値を比較すると、ホセチル−Ａｌ区が最も低かった。亜リン酸カリ区も低い値を示したがホセチル−Ａｌ区に劣り、リン酸カリ区と対照区はほぼ同様の高水準であった。刈り取りを遅らせると小麦粒中のα−アミラーゼ活性は高まることが知られている。しかし、晩刈りした小麦での活性値もホセチル−Ａｌ区では亜リン酸カリ区以上に抑え、対照区、リン酸カリ区に比べて有意に低くかった。したがって、ホセチル−Ａｌはこれまでの既知物質よりもα−アミラーゼ活性の発現を抑制していることが判る。
【００１７】
【表２】

農産物検査基準では、玄麦中の発芽粒割合は２％以下と定められているが、天候が悪くこれを満たした区はなかった。しかし、ホセチル−Ａｌ区と亜リン酸カリ区では発芽粒割合が対照区及びリン酸カリ区の１／４〜１／５に抑えられた。穂発芽が多発した条件下にあっても、大差をつけて４％程度の発芽粒割合にとどまった事実は、ホセチル−Ａｌでも亜リン酸カリ（特開２００２−３４８２０３）と同様の発芽抑制効果をもたらす物質であることが明白である。
【００１８】
【表３】

注）１．各区整粒１００粒を湿ったろ紙を敷いたシャーレに並べふたをして、２０℃の２４時間照明条件に置いた。３反復。
２．３、５、７日後に各シャーレごとに発芽数を状態別に計数してパーセントで表示した（３反復の平均）。
３．発芽状態の判定基準
完全発芽：根およびシュートの双方が発生した粒
不完全発芽：根またはシュートのどちらか一方が発生した粒
未発芽：発芽していない粒（種皮が破れた状態のものを含む）。
【００１９】
シャーレ上での発芽試験（方法は表３の注の通り）の結果を表３に示した。圃場における発芽粒割合と同様に、ホセチル−Ａｌ区および亜リン酸カリ区では完全発芽割合が低く経過した。特に注目すべきことは、試験開始３日目の完全発芽割合が、ホセチル−Ａｌ区および亜リン酸カリ区のそれは対照区の１／３弱にとどまっている点である。小麦の生産現場では収穫期の降雨で穂発芽をまねき、品質を低下させることが多い。種子が吸湿して発芽が開始する初期段階で発芽抑制が認められることは営農上非常に有益な現象である。
【００２０】
【表４】

穂発芽抑制に成功したとしても、収量減をもたらす農園芸用資材では生産現場では受け入れられない。表４では収量の比較を行った。粒厚２．２ｍｍ以上の精麦収量、リットル重および千粒重においても各区間に大差はなく、ホセチル−Ａｌの施用によって収量減をもたらすことはなかった。
【００２１】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、亜リン酸エステルおよび、亜リン酸エステルのアンモニウム塩、第１級〜第４級アンモニウム塩、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩および多価金属塩および多価金属塩よりなる群から選択される１種又は２種以上の化合物を含有する農園芸用組成物を施用して低アミロ麦の発生を防止することができ、麦の安定生産と高品質維持に貢献すること大である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing generation of low amylose and a method for preventing generation of low amylose by applying the composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A group of crops called grain crops include wheat, barley, rye, and oats. Most of these wheats, unlike rice, are milled and used for edible use as bread, noodles, confectionery, and the like, and there is a need for high-quality wheat grains for obtaining high-quality wheat flour suitable for processing. However, wheat has germinated at the harvest time due to weather conditions and the like, so-called ear germination has been a problem. This is because the quality of bread and noodles is remarkably reduced because the maximum amylographic viscosity of flour made from wheat germinated with ears is reduced. The barley whose maximum viscosity is below a certain value is called low amylose. In order to avoid such low amylose, it is important how to cultivate so as to suppress the α-amylase activity that increases during germination, and a safe and highly effective low amylase inhibitor or cultivation method. Development, distribution, and demand from consumers are eager to develop.
[0003]
In wheat, the world's most-produced grain, the ear germination problem has been studied for a long time to solve it. Sprouting resistant varieties are being developed around the world, and although new varieties have improved sprouting resistance, varieties that do not sprout under any weather conditions have not yet been developed.
[0004]
As a countermeasure in the cultivation method, a cultivation method for harvesting grains that have not sprouted ears has been attempted. In some cases, measures are taken to measure α-amylase activity in grain, and to manage and distribute the isolated wheat from sprouting wheat and healthy wheat.
[0005]
Although a method of spraying a chemically synthesized substance such as polyethylene glycol and plant hormones (maleic acid hydrazide, abscisic acid) before harvesting as an ear sprouting inhibitor has been proposed (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1), Its efficacy is not sufficient and it has not been used in wheat production sites. Recently, the applicants have shown that phosphorous acid and its salts are effective as low amylose inhibitors (Patent Document 2). These phosphorous acids and salts thereof have a remarkable effect as compared with earlier sprouting inhibitors.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-B-63-40401 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Kita-Nori Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 50-54 1994 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-348203 A [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
However, all of these drugs are not satisfactory in practical use.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of further studies and sincerity studies, the present inventors have found that phosphites, ammonium salts of phosphites, primary to quaternary ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and polyvalent The present inventors have found that one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of metal salts can effectively suppress the expression of α-amylase activity of wheat to more than potassium phosphite, and completed the present invention. . The aluminum salt of tris (ethylphosphonate) according to claim 2 included in the present invention is a substance known as a bactericide (FR-2254276, CAS RN [39148-24-8], Agricultural Chemical Registration No. 15548), but α-amylase It has not been known to have the effect of suppressing the expression of activity.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The agricultural and horticultural composition according to the present invention comprises a phosphite and an ammonium salt of a phosphite, a primary to quaternary ammonium salt, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt and a polyvalent metal salt. It can be arbitrarily selected from the group, but is preferably aluminum ethyl phosphonate (hereinafter referred to as fosetyl-Al).
[0009]
Agricultural and horticultural compositions in the present invention are commonly used in agriculture, spreading agents, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides and other agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, for example, urea, phosphite, normal phosphorus It can be applied simultaneously with the acid salt, polyphosphate-based foliar spray fertilizer or the like, or singly before and after.
[0010]
Application rate of agricultural and horticultural compositions of the present invention crops and varieties, weather conditions, application time, application method, varies depending application equipment, at normal terms _of P ₂ O ₅ is 25 to 120 g per 10 ares. The method of applying the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention is preferably foliar spraying. The application concentration of the spray liquid of the agricultural / horticultural composition in the present invention is usually 0.02 to 0.2% by mass in terms of P ₂ O ₅ . The application rate of the spray liquid of the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention is usually 100 to 200 L per 10 ares. The time when the agricultural and horticultural composition according to the present invention can be applied is the entire growth period, but it is preferable to apply the composition before and after the reproductive growth period of wheat.
[0011]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0012]
【Example】
[0013]
Embodiment 1
Wheat (spring wheat cultivar: Haruyutaka) was sown on April 20, 2002, cultivated in accordance with the cultivation standards based on the Hokkaido fertilization standard and the control standard (1995, Hokkaido Ministry of Agriculture), 10 m ² per ward. Test plot was established. Fosetyl -Al solution, phosphorous acid potassium solution, respectively potassium phosphate aqueous solution was adjusted to a concentration of 0.1% in terms _of _P 2 _{O 5,} and a total of three times foliar spraying per 10 ares 100L to growth stages below. That is, spraying was performed at the first time (flowering period), the second time (10 days after flowering), and the third time (20 days after flowering). Harvesting was carried out on August 9, 2002 (42 days after heading), which is a suitable harvesting time, and a total of 4 m ² was cut from nine places in the test plot and used as a sample for yield investigation (hereinafter, referred to as “optimal harvesting”). In addition, a part of the test plot was left in a napped state, and cut off six days later on August 15, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as late cutting). In addition, several rainfalls were encountered between the timely harvest and the late harvest. In the control plot, only control was performed in accordance with the conventional cultivation standard. During the ripening period of spring wheat in this year, the precipitation was large and low amylose wheat was frequent.
[0014]
The wheat harvested in a suitable period was subjected to a yield, an α-amylase activity value, a percentage of germinated grains, and a germination test on a petri dish. Only the α-amylase activity value was measured for wheat harvested late. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4 together with the results of the control group.
[0015]
Yield reap all treatments 4m ² minutes wheat harvest optimum time, after the threshing and adjustment after drying in the sun, was performed grain weight, the measurement of thousand kernel weight and the like. For the measurement of α-amylase activity, refer to the Hokkaido Agricultural Affairs Department guidance reference “Development of a rapid test method for low amylose wheat, Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Conference Material” (1995 (1995) Hokkaido Prefectural Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural Chemistry Department According to the blue starch method described in (Family), the measurement was performed on whole grain of dried barley, and the average value of two repeated measurements was obtained.
[0016]
[Table 1]

Comparing the α-amylase activity values of the wheat at the proper harvest, the fosetyl-Al group had the lowest value. The potassium phosphite section also showed a low value, but was inferior to the fosetyl-Al section, and the potassium phosphate section and the control section had almost the same high level. It is known that delaying cutting increases the α-amylase activity in wheat grains. However, the activity value of late-harvested wheat was also suppressed to be higher than that of potassium phosphite in the Josetyl-Al group, and was significantly lower than those in the control group and the potassium phosphate group. Therefore, it can be seen that fosetyl-Al suppresses the expression of α-amylase activity more than conventionally known substances.
[0017]
[Table 2]

According to the inspection standards for agricultural products, the percentage of germinated grains in brown barley is set to 2% or less, but the weather was bad and no section satisfied this. However, in the fosetyl-Al section and the potassium phosphite section, the percentage of germinated grains was suppressed to 1/4 to 1/5 of the control section and the potassium phosphate section. Even under the condition that sprouting of spikes occurs frequently, the fact that the ratio of germinated grains is only about 4% with a large difference is that the sprout suppression effect of fosetyl-Al is the same as that of potassium phosphite (JP-A-2002-348203). It is clear that this is a substance that causes
[0018]
[Table 3]

Note) 1. 100 pieces of the sized granules in each section were arranged in a petri dish covered with wet filter paper, and the lid was placed thereon. 3 repetitions.
2. After 3, 5, and 7 days, the number of germinations in each petri dish was counted by state and expressed as a percentage (average of three replicates).
3. Criteria for germination state Complete germination: Grains with both roots and shoots Incomplete germination: Grains with either roots or shoots Ungerminated: Ungerminated grains (including those with broken seed coats) ).
[0019]
Table 3 shows the results of the germination test on the petri dish (the method is as described in the note in Table 3). Similar to the germination grain ratio in the field, the complete germination ratio was low in the fosetyl-Al section and the potassium phosphite section. It should be particularly noted that the percentage of complete germination on the third day of the test was slightly less than that of the control group in the fosetyl-Al group and the potassium phosphite group. In wheat production sites, rainfall during the harvest season often causes sprouting of ears, resulting in poor quality. The suppression of germination at the initial stage when seeds absorb moisture and start germination is a very useful phenomenon in farming.
[0020]
[Table 4]

Even if sprouting control is successful, agricultural and horticultural materials that reduce yield are not acceptable at production sites. Table 4 compares the yields. There was no significant difference in each section even in the yield of grain having a grain thickness of 2.2 mm or more, liter weight and 1,000 grain weight, and application of fosetyl-Al did not reduce the yield.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a group consisting of phosphites and ammonium salts of phosphites, primary to quaternary ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and polyvalent metal salts and polyvalent metal salts Agricultural and horticultural compositions containing one or more compounds selected from the group can prevent the occurrence of low amylose and contribute to stable production and high quality of wheat. is there.

Claims

Phosphites and one or two selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts of phosphites, primary to quaternary ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and polyvalent metal salts An agricultural and horticultural composition containing the above compound A as an active ingredient for preventing the production of low-fruit wheat.

The agricultural and horticultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound A is an aluminum salt of tris (ethylphosphonate).

A method for preventing the occurrence of low-mouth wheat by applying the agricultural and horticultural composition according to claim 1 or 2 during the entire growing period of wheat.

A method for preventing the occurrence of low-ami malt wheat by applying the agricultural and horticultural composition according to claim 1 or 2 during the reproductive growth stage of wheat.