JP3692087B2 - Agricultural and horticultural compositions - Google Patents

Agricultural and horticultural compositions Download PDF

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JP3692087B2
JP3692087B2 JP2002073403A JP2002073403A JP3692087B2 JP 3692087 B2 JP3692087 B2 JP 3692087B2 JP 2002073403 A JP2002073403 A JP 2002073403A JP 2002073403 A JP2002073403 A JP 2002073403A JP 3692087 B2 JP3692087 B2 JP 3692087B2
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wheat
agricultural
composition
phosphorous acid
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JP2002348203A (en
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清 木村
英雄 山下
琢也 林
哲郎 森田
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HOKKAISANKYO CO., LTD.
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HOKKAISANKYO CO., LTD.
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、低アミロ麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物、並びに、それを施用することにより、低アミロ麦の発生を防止する方法及び麦の穂枯性病害を防止する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
麦類(子実)には、例えば、小麦、大麦、ライ麦、エン麦などの種類があるが、これらはいずれも、子実中の胚乳にでん粉を蓄積し、発芽するときに子実内で生成する酵素によってそのでん粉が分解されて糖になり、その糖が発芽エネルギーになる。
【0003】
麦類の利用面から見た場合、この発芽が収穫時期に始まると不都合である。
【0004】
すなわち、収穫時期の直前に麦類が降雨に遭遇すると、その子実内にでん粉分解酵素であるα−アミラーゼが生成し、でん粉の分解が始まる。更に、その分解の程度が進むと、麦類の穀粒が穂についたままで発芽してしまう。また、発芽状態に至らなくても、でん粉が分解されることにより子実内のでん粉の性質が変化してしまう(北農68巻1号27〜32頁2001年)。穀物の栽培においては、これらの状態を穂発芽(Pre-harvest Sprouting)と呼ぶ。穂発芽した穀粒は、種々の加工適正を損ねることから、麦類の栽培において問題視されており、穂発芽していない麦類を得る方法が求められてきた。
【0005】
麦類の中でも、世界で最も生産量が多い穀物である小麦について、その穂発芽対策の研究が進められてきている。そして、世界各地で耐穂発芽性品種の小麦が開発されており、新しい品種ほど耐穂発芽性が向上している。しかし、このような品種改良による小麦の耐穂発芽性は十分とはいえず、いかなる気象条件下にあっても穂発芽しない品種は未だ開発されておらず、穂発芽対策は不十分である。
【0006】
現状では、麦の子実中のα−アミラーゼ活性を測定することにより、健全な麦を穂発芽した麦と区別し、隔離して、管理及び流通させるといった栽培法上の対策がとられている。
【0007】
麦は、米と異なってそのほとんどが製粉され、さらに、パン、麺、菓子などに加工されてから消費される。したがって、高品質の麦粉を得るためには高品質な麦が求められている。
【0008】
麦の品質として、麦粉の糊化粘度が挙げられる。穂発芽した麦を原料にした粉の糊化粘度が極端に低下した麦を、低アミロ麦とよび、高品質の麦と区別している。
【0009】
アミロ値は、でん粉の糊化粘度を表すアミログラム最高粘度を示す値であり、通常、ブラベンダー社のアミログラフを用いて測定される。例えば、正常な条件下で栽培、収穫された小麦のアミロ値はおよそ600B.U(ブラベンダー・ユニット)以上であるが、この値が300B.U以下に低下した小麦が低アミロ小麦として区別される。
【0010】
低アミロ小麦を判別するには、アミログラフで測定する方法が正規の分析法であるが、非常に煩雑であるため、便法として、アミロ値とα−アミラーゼ活性に高い相関があることから、子実中のα−アミラーゼ活性を測定して判断する方法が採られている(北海道農政部指導参考事項「低アミロ小麦の迅速検定法の開発北海道農業試験会議資料」平成7年度(1995年)北海道立中央農業試験場、農産化学部穀物利用科)。
【0011】
このような低アミロ麦を避けるためには、いかにしてα−アミラーゼ活性を高めないような麦栽培を行うかが重要である。耐穂発芽性の品種育成がもっとも確実な技術であるが、前述のように、現在のところ耐穂発芽性が万全である品種は育成されていない。
【0012】
また、穂発芽防止剤として、ポリエチレングリコールや植物ホルモン類(マレイン酸ヒドラジド、アブシジン酸)等を収穫前に散布処理する方法が提案されているものの(特公昭63-40401号公報及び北農61巻4号50-54ページ1994年)、その効力は十分ではなく、実用化されていない。
【0013】
さらに、近年生産現場、流通段階を念頭においた低アミロ麦対策が提案されており、北海道の小麦を例にとると、収穫前にα−アミラーゼ活性発現を予測し、収穫時にα−アミラーゼ活性を迅速に測定し、低アミロ小麦を分別して扱う方策がようやく整いつつある。しかし、これも受動的な策であり、積極的に小麦に働きかけて低アミロ小麦を回避する実用技術は未完である。
【0014】
小麦以外の麦類についても穂発芽問題は重要な課題であり、例えば、ビール醸造用の大麦では、穂発芽は麦芽製造に重大な影響を与える。
【0015】
更に、穂発芽問題以外にも、出穂後に罹病する赤かび病等の穂枯性病害も品質の低下をもたらすことから、麦類全般において問題とされている。
【0016】
穂枯性病害のうち、赤かび病はミクロドキウム属やフザリウム属によって引き起こされる小麦の主要病害である。また、ミクロドキウム属、フザリウム属、アルタナリア属、エピコツカム属及びクラドスポリウム属に属する糸状菌類も麦の穂に感染し、穂が黒ずむ症状(いわゆる汚れ穂)を引き起こし、問題である。これら穂枯性病害は、収量に大きな影響を与えるだけでなく、人畜に対し毒性の高い物質を産生したり、製粉白度を低下させるなど、麦類の品質を損なう原因となっている。
【0017】
穂枯性病害の発生を防止する目的でトリフルミゾールなどのDMI剤、アゾキシストロビンなどのストロビルリン剤、チオファネートメチルなどのベンズイミダゾール剤、水和硫黄などの硫黄剤など各種の殺菌剤が使用されているが、殺菌剤に対して抵抗性を獲得した耐性菌が発生しやすく、既にいくつかの剤では耐性菌の発生が確認されていることや、これらの殺菌剤の基本活性が不十分であり多数回の薬剤散布が必要であるが、作物残留許容濃度の点から散布回数や使用時期が厳しく制限されていることなどの問題点があり、穂枯性病害対策は麦栽培上の重要な課題である。
【0018】
以上のような背景から、安全でしかも効果のある低アミロ麦防止剤や栽培法の開発が生産、流通及び実需者から切望されていた。
【0019】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者等は、低濃度でもα−アミラーゼ活性の発現を抑制し、低アミロ麦化を抑制する薬剤を探索したところ、亜リン酸及びその塩が麦のα−アミラーゼ活性の発現を効果的に抑制することを見出し、更に、亜リン酸及びその塩が穂枯性病害を防止することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、低アミロ麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物、並びに、それを施用することにより、低アミロ小麦の発生を防止する方法及び穂枯性病害を防止する方法である。
【0021】
亜リン酸及びその塩は、水に対して易溶性であり、土壌及び作物の葉面に吸着及び固定されにくいことから、土壌かん注用肥料及び葉面散布肥料として注目されている(米国特許第5514200号公報)。リンは窒素、カリとともに三要素の一つであり、栄養成長期および生殖成長期の全期間にわたって要求度の高い元素である。これらの元素は茎葉から転流して子実タンパクの構成にあずかる。本発明は、生育中の麦に亜リン酸及びその塩を有効成分とする組成物を葉面散布することにより、栄養素としてのリンを補給するとともに成熟期の麦子実のα−アミラーゼ活性発現を抑制する効果を付与する新しい方法である。
【0022】
本発明における亜リン酸又はその塩は、通常の肥料として使用できるものであれば特に限定はなく、亜リン酸の他に、例えば、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩のようなアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩のようなアルカリ土類金属塩及びアンモニウム塩が挙げられ、好適には、亜リン酸又は亜リン酸のアルカリ金属塩であり、より好適には、亜リン酸又は亜リン酸カリである。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における農園芸用組成物は、農業に通常使用される、展着剤、殺菌剤、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤その他の農薬や、正リン酸塩系、ポリリン酸塩系その他の肥料等と混合して同時に、又は、混合せずにそれぞれ単独で施用することができる。
【0024】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用量は、気象条件、施用時期、施用方法、施用機材によっても異なるが、通常P2O5換算で、10アール当たり10g〜300gであり、好ましくは、20〜120gである。
【0025】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用方法は、葉面散布が好ましい。
【0026】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用濃度は、P2O5換算で、通常、0.01〜0.3質量%であり、好適には、0.02〜0.12質量%である。
【0027】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用量は、通常、100〜200Lである。
【0028】
本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用可能な時期は全生育期間であるが、麦の栄養成長期から生殖成長期にわたって施用することが好ましい。
【0029】
以下に、実施例及び試験例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限られない。
【0030】
【実施例】
【0031】
【実施例1】
小麦(品種:ハルユタカ)を平成12年5月11日に播種し、慣行の栽培基準(平成7年、北海道農務部)にしたがって栽培し、1区17.5m2の試験区を設けた。P2O5換算で0.112%の亜リン酸カリ水溶液を調整し、10アール当たり200Lを以下の生育時期に合計6回の葉面散布を行った。すなわち、散布は、第1回目(播種後35日、6葉期)、第2回目(同44日、止葉展開期)、第3回目(同54日、出穂揃)、第4回目(同65日、乳熟期)、第5回目(同75日、糊熟期)及び第6回目(同83日、黄熟期)であった。収穫は8月12日(出穂後42日)に行い、試験区内4カ所から2.4m2分を刈り取り、試験区の一部を立毛のまま残した。さらに、2週間後に晩刈りを行った。なお、先の刈り取りと後の刈り取りの間に数回の降雨に遭遇した。
【0032】
先に刈り取った小麦の、収量、α−アミラーゼ活性値及びアミログラフ値、並びに、後に刈り取った小麦のα−アミラーゼ活性値を測定した。その結果を、亜リン酸カリ水溶液無散布区の結果と共に、表1〜4に示す。
【0033】
なお、α−アミラーゼ活性値の測定は、北海道農政部指導参考事項「低アミロ小麦の迅速検定法の開発 北海道農業試験会議資料」(平成7年度(1995年)北海道立中央農業試験場、農産化学部穀物利用科)に記載のブルースターチ法にしたがって、乾麦の全粒粉について測定を行い、3反復測定の平均値を求めた。また、アミラーゼ活性値2未満は健全麦、3.0以上は低アミロ小麦、2以上3未満は低アミロ小麦の危険性ありと判定した。また、アミログラフ値は「小麦のアミロをめぐる諸問題」(農水省食糧庁管理部検査課アミロ問題検討会、1988年)に則り測定した。
【0034】
収量の測定のうち、穂長及び1穂当たりの粒数(総粒数、完全粒数、不完全粒数及び不稔粒数)は、30本の穂を調査してその平均を求めた。また、重量は、先の刈り取りでの収穫分を天日で乾燥した後測定し、次いで脱穀、風選(とうみ)後、全子実の子実重を測定し、さらに篩別後に、粒径2.0mm以上の子実について千粒重及び1L重を測定した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003692087
無散布区では、ほぼ適期(先の刈り取り)に収穫を行ったにもかかわらず、アミログラフ値は基準の300ブラベンダーユニット(B.U)以下となって、低アミロ小麦状態になっていた。亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区では、495B.Uで正常な小麦であった。また、常識をはずれた時期の晩刈り(8月24日。後の刈り取り)にもかかわらず、α−アミラーゼ活性は2.0以下で健全麦の基準値内にあった。一方、無散布区の活性値は、どちらの刈り取り時期においても、アミラーゼ活性は高く、低アミロ小麦の範疇に入っていた。従って、亜リン酸カリによる小麦のα−アミラーゼ活性発現の抑制効果は明らかであった。
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 0003692087
【0037】
【表3】
Figure 0003692087
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003692087
亜リン酸カリを小麦に施用したところ、穂数が若干増加するとともに穂重が顕著に増加した。粒数の増大、粒厚の肥大にも効果があり、無散布区に対して119%の収量比を示した。このように亜リン酸カリの肥料効果は明らかであった。
【0039】
【実施例2】
小麦(品種:ホクシン)を平成10年9月10日に播種し、慣行の栽培基準(平成7年、北海道農務部)にしたがって栽培し、1区10m2の試験区を設けた。P2O5換算で0.15%の亜リン酸カリ水溶液を調整し、節間伸長始期(平成11年5月30日)に10アール当たり100Lを葉面散布した。収穫は7月21日に行い、試験区内から1m2分を刈り取った。刈り取った小麦の、収量及びα−アミラーゼ活性値を、実施例1と同様にして測定した。その結果を表5及び6に示す。
【0040】
【表5】
Figure 0003692087
収穫が適期に行われたため、亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区及び無散布区とも低アミロ小麦状態になっていなかったが、亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区は無散布区に比べてα−アミラーゼ活性が低く、α−アミラーゼ活性発現の抑制効果は明らかであった。
【0042】
【実施例3】
小麦(品種名:ハルユタカ)を平成13年4月23日に播種し、慣行の栽培基準(平成7年、北海道農政部)にしたがって栽培し、1区10m2の試験区を設けた。P2O5換算で0.28%、0.14%、0.07%、0.035%及び0.028%の亜リン酸カリ水溶液を調整し、開花期(平成13年7月10日)、乳熟期(7月18日)、糊熟期(7月27日)及び黄熟期(8月2日)のそれぞれの時期に合計4回、10アール当たり100Lを葉面散布した。比較として、亜リン酸カリ水溶液(0.14%)及びポリリン酸カリ水溶液(0.14%)をそれぞれ4回ずつ葉面散布した区を設けた。
【0043】
全ての区に対して、6月8日にシルバキュア乳剤(テブコナゾール)2000倍散布液を散布し、6月23日、7月7日及び7月25日にアミスターフロアブル(アゾキンストロビン)1000倍散布液を散布した。
【0044】
収穫は8月30日に行い、赤かび病については、1区あたり100穂についての発病穂率及び発病小穂数を調査し、汚れ穂については、1区あたり20穂についての穂の汚染程度を調査した。その結果を表8に示す。なお、穂の汚染程度は、下記表7に記載の発病指数により求め、発病度を下記式により算出した。
【0045】
【表7】
Figure 0003692087
【0046】
【数1】
発病度(%)=〔Σ(当該指数×当該穂数)/(最大指数×調査穂数)〕×100
【0047】
【表8】
Figure 0003692087
【0048】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する農園芸用組成物を施用して、低アミロ麦の発生を防止することができる。また、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する農園芸用組成物を施用して、麦の穂枯性病害を防止することができる。更に、農園芸用組成物は、粒厚肥大に効果があり、麦の増収効果が期待できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing the occurrence of low amylose, containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a method for preventing the occurrence of low amylose by applying it. The present invention relates to a method for preventing a head-drying disease.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are various types of wheat (grains), such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats, all of which accumulate starch in the endosperm of the grain and germinate within the grain. The enzyme that is produced breaks down the starch into sugar, which becomes germination energy.
[0003]
From the viewpoint of utilization of wheat, it is inconvenient if this germination starts at the harvest time.
[0004]
That is, when wheat encounters rain just before the harvest time, α-amylase, which is a starch-degrading enzyme, is produced in the grain, and starch decomposition begins. Furthermore, if the degree of decomposition proceeds, the wheat grains will germinate while remaining on the ears. Moreover, even if it does not reach a germination state, the property of the starch in a grain will change because a starch is decomposed | disassembled (Hokuno 68 vol.1 27-32 2001). In cereal cultivation, these states are called pre-harvest Sprouting. Since the grain sprouted impairs various processing suitability, it has been regarded as a problem in the cultivation of wheat and a method for obtaining wheat that has not sprouted has been sought.
[0005]
Among wheat, research on countermeasures against germination of wheat, which is the most produced crop in the world, has been underway. And, the wheat germination-resistant varieties of wheat are being developed all over the world, and the new germination varieties improve the germination resistance. However, wheat sprouting resistance by such cultivar improvement is not sufficient, and varieties that do not germinate under any weather conditions have not yet been developed, and countermeasures against sprouting are insufficient.
[0006]
At present, by measuring α-amylase activity in wheat grains, measures are taken on cultivation methods such as distinguishing healthy wheat from ear germinated wheat, isolating it, managing it and distributing it. .
[0007]
Unlike rice, most of wheat is milled and further processed into bread, noodles, confectionery, etc. before being consumed. Therefore, high quality wheat is required to obtain high quality wheat flour.
[0008]
An example of the quality of wheat is the gelatinization viscosity of wheat flour. Wheat in which the gelatinization viscosity of flour made from spiked wheat is extremely low is called low-amylo wheat and is distinguished from high-quality wheat.
[0009]
The amylo value is a value indicating the maximum amylogram viscosity representing the gelatinization viscosity of starch, and is usually measured using an amylograph manufactured by Brabender. For example, wheat cultivated and harvested under normal conditions has an amylo value of approximately 600 B.U (Brabender Unit) or higher, but wheat with this value reduced to 300 B.U or lower is distinguished as low amylo wheat. The
[0010]
In order to discriminate low amylose wheat, the method of measuring by amylograph is a regular analytical method, but it is very complicated, and as a convenience method, there is a high correlation between amylo value and α-amylase activity. The method of measuring and judging the actual α-amylase activity has been adopted (Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Guideline Reference Material “Development of Rapid Testing Method for Low Amylo Wheat, Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Conference Data”, 1995 (1995), Hokkaido Vertical Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Department of Grain Utilization).
[0011]
In order to avoid such low amylose, it is important to conduct wheat cultivation that does not increase the α-amylase activity. Breeding of the ear germination-resistant varieties is the most reliable technique, but as mentioned above, no varieties that have the perfect germination resistance are currently being bred.
[0012]
In addition, although methods for spraying polyethylene glycol and plant hormones (maleic hydrazide, abscisic acid), etc. before harvesting have been proposed as ear germination inhibitors (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-40401 and Hokuno 61, 4) No. 50-54 (1994), its effectiveness is not sufficient and has not been put into practical use.
[0013]
Furthermore, in recent years, measures against low amylose have been proposed with the production site and distribution stage in mind. Taking Hokkaido wheat as an example, the expression of α-amylase activity is predicted before harvesting, and α-amylase activity is observed at harvest time. Measures to quickly measure and separate low amylo wheat are finally in place. However, this is also a passive measure, and practical techniques for actively working on wheat to avoid low amylo wheat have not been completed.
[0014]
The issue of ear germination is also an important issue for wheat other than wheat. For example, in the case of barley for beer brewing, ear germination has a significant effect on malt production.
[0015]
Furthermore, in addition to the problem of germination of heads, withering diseases such as head blight, which occurs after heading, cause deterioration in quality.
[0016]
Of the head blight diseases, red mold disease is a major disease of wheat caused by Microdochium and Fusarium. In addition, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Microdocium, Fusarium, Altanaria, Epicotsum, and Cladosporium also infect wheat ears, causing the symptoms of darkening of the ears (so-called dirty ears), which is a problem. These withering diseases not only have a large impact on yield, but also cause a loss of wheat quality, such as producing substances that are highly toxic to human livestock and reducing milling whiteness.
[0017]
Various fungicides such as DMI agents such as triflumizole, strobilurin agents such as azoxystrobin, benzimidazole agents such as thiophanate methyl, and sulfur agents such as hydrated sulfur are used for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of head blight diseases. However, resistant bacteria that have acquired resistance to fungicides are likely to be generated, and the occurrence of resistant bacteria has already been confirmed in some agents, and the basic activity of these fungicides is insufficient. Although many times of chemical spraying are necessary, there are problems such as the number of spraying and the time of use being severely restricted in terms of allowable residual concentration of crops. It is a problem.
[0018]
From the above background, development of safe and effective low amylose prevention agents and cultivation methods has been eagerly desired by production, distribution and actual consumers.
[0019]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors have searched for a drug that suppresses the expression of α-amylase activity even at a low concentration and suppresses low amylo-malting, and phosphorous acid and its salts effectively show the expression of α-amylase activity in wheat. In addition, the present inventors have found that phosphorous acid and its salt prevent a head-drying disease and completed the present invention.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing the occurrence of low amylose, containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a method for preventing the occurrence of low amylose wheat by applying the composition It is a method to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
[0021]
Phosphorous acid and its salts are readily soluble in water and are not easily adsorbed and fixed on the soil and crop leaves, and are attracting attention as soil fertilizers and foliar fertilizers (US patents). No. 5514200). Phosphorus is one of the three elements along with nitrogen and potassium, and is a highly demanding element throughout the vegetative and reproductive growth periods. These elements are translocated from the foliage and contribute to the structure of the grain protein. The present invention replenishes the growing wheat with a composition containing phosphorous acid and a salt thereof as an active ingredient to replenish phosphorus as a nutrient and to express α-amylase activity in mature wheat grains. This is a new method for imparting the suppression effect.
[0022]
The phosphorous acid or salt thereof in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a normal fertilizer. In addition to phosphorous acid, for example, alkali metal salts such as potassium salt and sodium salt, calcium salt, Examples include alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts and ammonium salts, preferably phosphorous acid or alkali metal salts of phosphorous acid, more preferably phosphorous acid or potassium phosphite. .
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Agricultural and horticultural compositions in the present invention are usually used in agriculture, such as spreading agents, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, other agricultural chemicals, normal phosphates, polyphosphates and other fertilizers. They can be mixed and applied either simultaneously or without mixing.
[0024]
The application amount of the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention varies depending on weather conditions, application time, application method, and application equipment, but is usually 10 g to 300 g per 10 ares in terms of P 2 O 5 , preferably 20 ~ 120 g.
[0025]
The application method of the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention is preferably foliar spraying.
[0026]
The application concentration of the spray solution of the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention is usually 0.01 to 0.3% by mass, and preferably 0.02 to 0.12% by mass in terms of P 2 O 5 .
[0027]
The application amount of the spray solution of the agricultural and horticultural composition in the present invention is usually 100 to 200 L.
[0028]
The application period of the composition for agricultural and horticultural use in the present invention is the entire growth period, but it is preferably applied from the vegetative growth period to the reproductive growth period of wheat.
[0029]
EXAMPLES Examples and test examples will be shown below to specifically explain the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these.
[0030]
【Example】
[0031]
[Example 1]
Wheat (variety: Haruyutaka) was sown on May 11, 2000 and cultivated according to customary cultivation standards (1995, Hokkaido Department of Agriculture), and a test zone of 17.5 m 2 was established in 1 ward. A 0.112% potassium phosphite aqueous solution in terms of P 2 O 5 was prepared, and 200 L per 10 ares were sprayed on the foliage a total of 6 times during the following growth period. That is, the first spraying (35 days after sowing, 6th leaf stage), the 2nd (44th day, stapling development period), the 3rd (54th day, heading arrangement), the 4th (same as above) 65 days (milk ripening period), 5th (75 days, paste ripening period) and 6th (83 days, yellow ripening period). Harvesting was carried out on August 12 (42 days after heading), and 2.4 m 2 min was cut from 4 places in the test area, and a part of the test area was left napped. Further, after two weeks, the evening mowing was performed. In addition, we encountered several rains between the previous and later harvests.
[0032]
The yield, α-amylase activity value and amylograph value of wheat that had been harvested earlier, and α-amylase activity value of wheat that had been harvested later were measured. The result is shown to Tables 1-4 with the result of the potassium phosphite aqueous solution non-spreading group.
[0033]
In addition, α-amylase activity value is measured by Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Department guidance reference “Development of Rapid Testing Method for Low Amylo Wheat, Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Conference Data” (1995, Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural Chemistry Department) According to the blue starch method described in (Grains Utilization Department), the whole wheat flour was measured and the average value of three repeated measurements was obtained. In addition, it was determined that there was a risk of healthy wheat having an amylase activity value of less than 2, low amylo wheat having a value of 3.0 or more, and low amylo wheat having a value of 2 or more and less than 3. Moreover, the amylograph value was measured in accordance with "Various problems related to wheat amylo" (Amylo Research Committee, Department of Food, Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, and Fisheries, 1988).
[0034]
Among the yield measurements, the ear length and the number of grains per ear (total grain number, complete grain number, incomplete grain number and sterile grain number) were determined by examining 30 ears. In addition, the weight is measured after drying the harvest from the previous harvest, then threshing, wind-selection (toumi), and then measuring the grain weight of all the grains. Thousand grain weight and 1L weight were measured for grains having a diameter of 2.0 mm or more.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003692087
In the non-sprayed area, the amylograph value was below the standard 300 Brabender unit (BU), despite the fact that the crop was harvested at almost the right time (early cutting), and was in a low amylo wheat state. In the sprayed area of potassium phosphite aqueous solution, it was normal wheat at 495B.U. Despite the late harvest (August 24, later harvest) at a time when it was not common sense, the α-amylase activity was 2.0 or less and was within the standard value of healthy wheat. On the other hand, the activity value in the non-sprayed area was high in amylase activity and was in the category of low amylo wheat at both harvesting periods. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of the expression of α-amylase activity in wheat by potassium phosphite was clear.
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003692087
[0037]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003692087
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003692087
When potassium phosphite was applied to wheat, the number of ears increased slightly and the ear weight increased significantly. The increase in the number of grains and the enlargement of grain thickness were also effective, and the yield ratio was 119% with respect to the non-sprayed area. Thus, the fertilizer effect of potassium phosphite was clear.
[0039]
[Example 2]
Wheat (variety: HOKUSHIN) were seeded in 1998 September 10, cultivation criteria (1995, Hokkaido Agriculture part) of the practices cultivated in accordance with, provided the test area of District 1 10m 2. A 0.15% aqueous potassium phosphite solution in terms of P 2 O 5 was prepared, and 100 L per 10 ares was sprayed on the foliar surface at the beginning of internode elongation (May 30, 1999). Harvesting was carried out on July 21 and 1 m 2 min was cut from the test area. The yield and α-amylase activity value of the harvested wheat were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
[0040]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003692087
Since harvesting was carried out in a timely manner, the potassium phosphite aqueous solution sprayed area and the non-sprayed area were not in a low amylo wheat state, but the potassium phosphite aqueous solution sprayed area had more α-amylase activity than the non-sprayed area. The effect of suppressing the expression of α-amylase activity was clear.
[0042]
[Example 3]
Wheat (variety name: Haruyutaka) was sown on April 23, 2001 and cultivated in accordance with customary cultivation standards (1995, Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Department) to provide a test zone of 10 m 2 per ward. Prepare 0.28%, 0.14%, 0.07%, 0.035% and 0.028% potassium phosphite aqueous solution in terms of P 2 O 5 , flowering period (July 10, 2001), milk maturity period (July 18) ), Paste ripening period (July 27) and yellow ripening period (August 2), 4 times in total, 100 L per 10 ares was sprayed on the foliage. For comparison, there was provided a section in which a potassium phosphite aqueous solution (0.14%) and a polyphosphoric acid aqueous solution (0.14%) were sprayed four times each.
[0043]
All districts were sprayed with a 2000 times spraying solution of Silvacure emulsion (tebuconazole) on June 8, and Amister flowable (Azoquinstrobin) 1000 times on June 23, July 7 and July 25 The spray liquid was sprayed.
[0044]
Harvesting is conducted on August 30th, and for red mold disease, the incidence rate and the number of spikelets for 100 spikes per ward are investigated, and for dirty spikes, the degree of contamination of the ears for 20 spikes per ward. investigated. The results are shown in Table 8. In addition, the contamination degree of the ear was obtained from the disease index as shown in Table 7 below, and the disease incidence was calculated by the following formula.
[0045]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003692087
[0046]
[Expression 1]
Disease severity (%) = [Σ (corresponding index × number of spikes) / (maximum index × number of surveyed spikes)] × 100
[0047]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003692087
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be applied to prevent the occurrence of low amylose. In addition, it is possible to prevent the wheat blight disease by applying an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. Furthermore, the composition for agricultural and horticultural use is effective for grain thickening and can be expected to increase the yield of wheat.

Claims (6)

亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有し、該亜リン酸又はその塩をP 換算で0.01〜0.3質量%の濃度で施用する、低アミロ麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物。Agricultural and horticultural prevention for low amylose development, comprising phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient , and applying the phosphorous acid or a salt thereof at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.3% by mass in terms of P 2 O 5 Composition. 亜リン酸又はその塩が、亜リン酸又は亜リン酸カリである、請求項1に記載の低アミロ麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物。  The composition for agricultural and horticultural use according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorous acid or a salt thereof is phosphorous acid or potassium phosphite. 請求項1又は2記載の農園芸用組成物を施用することにより、低アミロ麦の発生を防止する方法。  The method of preventing generation | occurrence | production of a low amyl barley by applying the composition for agriculture and horticulture of Claim 1 or 2. 請求項1又は2記載の農園芸用組成物を、麦の栄養成長から生殖成長期にわたって葉面散布することにより、低アミロ麦の発生を防止する方法。  The method of preventing generation | occurrence | production of a low amyl wheat by foliar-spreading the composition for agricultural and horticultural use of Claim 1 or 2 from the vegetative growth of wheat over the reproductive growth period. 請求項1又は2記載の農園芸用組成物を、麦の栄養成長から生殖成長期にわたって葉面散布することにより、麦の穂枯性病害を防止する方法。  A method for preventing wheat germinating diseases by spraying the composition for agricultural and horticultural use according to claim 1 or 2 from vegetative growth of wheat to the reproductive growth period. 穂枯性病害の病原菌が、ミクロドキウム属、フザリウム属、アルタナリア属、エピコツカム属又はクラドスポリウム属に属する糸状菌である、請求項5に記載の方法。  The method according to claim 5, wherein the pathogenic fungus of the withering disease is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Microdocium, Fusarium, Altanaria, Epicotsum or Cladosporium.
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