JP2004290034A - Method for producing meat processed food - Google Patents

Method for producing meat processed food Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004290034A
JP2004290034A JP2003084440A JP2003084440A JP2004290034A JP 2004290034 A JP2004290034 A JP 2004290034A JP 2003084440 A JP2003084440 A JP 2003084440A JP 2003084440 A JP2003084440 A JP 2003084440A JP 2004290034 A JP2004290034 A JP 2004290034A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
emulsion
processed meat
water
meat food
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2003084440A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yuzo Kiso
雄三 木曾
Motoharu Arai
基晴 新井
Shinya Ono
晋也 大野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOF Corp
Original Assignee
NOF Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NOF Corp filed Critical NOF Corp
Priority to JP2003084440A priority Critical patent/JP2004290034A/en
Publication of JP2004290034A publication Critical patent/JP2004290034A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing meat processed food slightly causing drip of oil and fat even after cooked, rich in juicy and soft feeling, and also excellent in meltability to the mouth, taste and flavor. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the meat processed food comprises the following three processes: a first process of obtaining oil-in-water drip type emulsion liquid or oil-in-water drip type dispersion liquid containing 5-60 wt.% of edible oil and fat, and 1-5 wt.% of protein or peptide; a second process of mixing the oil-in-water drip type emulsion liquid or oil-in-water drip type dispersion liquid with at least one kind of organic acid selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid to coagulate the mixture to obtain emulsion curd; and a third process of mixing the emulsion curd with ground meat. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食感及び保型性に優れた食肉加工食品の製造方法および前記の製造方法によって得られる食肉加工食品および食肉加工食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、食肉加工品の中で、ハンバーグ、ミートボール、つくね、つみれ等の食肉加工食品は過酷な加熱条件で殺菌され、さらに消費者が喫食する際に行われる2次加熱調理によって生地中の油脂分がほとんどドリップし、ジューシー感に欠けたパサパサした食感になり、また焼き縮みが生じてボリューム感が低下することによって、外観及び歩留まりが低下し、食感および風味において著しく品質が悪くなってしまう問題があった。
【0003】
このような食感を改善するために、
(1)予め過剰の組織脂肪を練り込む方法、
(2)精製牛脂、植物サラダ油などの食用油脂または食用加工油脂を練り込む方法、
(3)バター、マーガリンなどのエマルション系の油中水型乳化油脂組成物を添加する方法(特開2002−174号公報、特許文献1)、
(4)油中水中油滴型乳化物を挽肉に練り込んで、食肉加工食品を製造する方法(特開平05−176721号公報、特許文献2)、
(5)レシチンおよびカゼインナトリウムを用いて食用油脂および水を乳化した水中油滴型乳化液を挽肉に練り込む方法(特開平05−103632号公報、特許文献3)、
(6)油脂を凝乳酵素分解カゼインアルカリ塩で乳化した水中油滴型乳化物をカルシウムイオンで凝固させて得られるエマルションカードを添加する方法(特開平06−121656号公報、特許文献4)が開示されている。
(7)畜肉および/または魚肉を原料とする食肉の製造方法において、植物タンパクエマルションカードを予め凍結変性または加熱変性せしめたものをその他の原料と混合し処理する作業性と食感を改善する畜肉・魚肉加工食品の製造方法(特開昭59−125849号公報、特許文献5)が開示されている。
(8)大豆タンパク質と水分と油分を加えたものに凝固剤を添加し、これを未加熱の状態で、肉加工原料に加えて混練し、加熱するようして、その際の配合割合を大豆タンパク1重量部に対して、水分を4.0〜7.0重量部、油分を0.5〜2重量部、凝固剤を0.02〜0.5重量部になるようにする肉加工食品の製造方法(特開平2−171159号公報、特許文献6)などが開示されている。
【0004】
しかし、これら従来試みられている方法のうち、
前記(1)の組織脂肪を練り込む方法では、脂肪の周囲にコラーゲン等の結合組織タンパク質の膜が形成されているため、油脂分のドリップは比較的少なくなるが、口溶けおよび味が悪いなどの問題がある。
前記(2)の精製牛脂や植物サラダ油などの非乳化油脂を練り込む方法の場合、加熱調理時に油脂分のほとんどが肉粒の間からドリップしてしまうため、添加した油脂が挽肉加工製品中には、ほとんど残存しない。
前記(3)のバター、マーガリンなどのエマルション系の油中水型乳化油脂組成物を添加する方法の場合、非乳化の油脂に比べて、わずかに歩留りは上がるが、これらは連続相を油相部とした油中水滴型の乳化系であり、肉組織と油相部の間に接着剤となるものがないために、ほとんどの油脂がドリップしてしまい、改善が十分にできない。
【0005】
前記(4)のレシチンおよびカゼインナトリウムを用いて食用油脂および水を乳化した水中油滴型乳化液を挽肉に練り込む方法では、連続相が水相部とした水中油滴型の乳化系であるために、肉組織との馴染みがよく、確かに商品自体の保水性が向上し、ジューシーでソフトな食感が得られ、ドリップの少ない商品が得られることが期待できる。しかし、添加量が多くなると、ハンバーグ生地粘度が低下しやすく、そのため成型性が悪くなり、成型機の種類や作業温度によっては生地の成型が困難になるなどの問題がある。また、乳化油脂液が白色であるため、これをハンバーグ生地等に添加すると生地全体も白っぽくなる。そのために、この製品を使用したチルド製品群などでは、油脂が固体化して全体に白く見え商品価値が下がる外観上の問題点がある。
前記(5)の水中油滴型乳化物をカルシウムイオンで凝固させて得られるエマルションカードを添加する方法では、カルシウムイオンとカゼイン塩間の凝固反応を効果的に引き起こすためには、15℃以上の加熱工程が必要である。原料肉の品温は4〜10℃付近で管理され、製造されるので、前記の技術にように、15℃以上に乳化物を得ると、原料肉の品温を上げる結果につながり、品質管理上の問題や、作業性、取り扱い性が非常に困難であることが挙げられる。
【0006】
前記の(6)の油脂を凝乳酵素分解カゼインアルカリ塩で乳化した水中油滴型乳化物をカルシウムイオンで凝固させて得られるエマルションカードを添加する方法では、変性に時間を要するため作業性が悪い、また単に加熱変性では、カルシウムが呈味に対して悪影響があり問題となる。
前記(7)の畜肉および/または魚肉を原料とする食肉の製造方法において、植物タンパクエマルションを予め凍結変性または加熱変性せしめてエマルションカードとしたものをその他の原料と混合し処理する作業性と食感を改善する畜肉・魚肉加工食品の製造方法では、凍結変性または加熱変性においては、変性に時間を要するため作業性が悪い、また単に加熱変性では、呈味に対して必ずしも十分ではないなどの問題がある。
【0007】
前記(8)の大豆タンパク質と水分と油分を加えたものに凝固剤を添加し、これを未加熱の状態で、肉加工原料に加えて混練し加熱するようして、その際の配合割合を大豆タンパク1重量部に対して、水分を4〜7重量部、油分を0.5〜2重量部、凝固剤を0.02〜0.5重量部になるようにする肉加工食品の製造方法では、最適な食感に仕上げるには、凝固剤の添加量に細心の注意を払う必要がある。凝固剤と大豆タンパクが加熱することによってゲル化するため、食肉加工食品全体が、このゲル化する温度帯に上昇するまで焼成工程の間、ゲル化が不十分であり、肉汁のドリップを防ぐことができない問題がある。
【0008】
【特許文献1】特開2002−174号公報(第2頁)、
【特許文献2】特開平05−176721号公報(第2頁)、
【特許文献3】特開平05−103632号公報(第2頁)、
【特許文献4】特開平06−121656号公報(第2頁)、
【特許文献5】特開昭59−125849号公報(第1頁)、
【特許文献6】特開平2−171159号公報(第2頁)
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、以上のような背景のもとで行われたものである。
本発明の1の目的は、上記問題点を解決するために、加熱調理しても油脂分のドリップが少なくてジューシー感、ソフト感に富み、しかも口溶け、味および風味のよい食肉加工食品を製造する方法を提供することにある。
また本発明の他の目的は、上記食肉加工食品の製造工程に得られる食肉加工食品、食肉加工食品を提供することにある。また本発明の他の目的は、上記食肉加工食品の製造工程に得られる食肉加工食品、食肉加工食品に用いる乳化液を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の問題点に鑑み鋭意検討した結果、タンパク質やペプチド、乳化剤をそれぞれ特定の配合量配合した油脂の水中油滴型乳化液を得て、さらにこの乳化液を有機酸と混合することによって、凝集して得られるエマルションカードを挽肉と混合し練り込む製造方法により、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
〔1〕次の工程1、2および3を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程1;食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質またはペプチド1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液を得る。
工程2;水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液と、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸及びアスコルビン酸からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上の有機酸を混合して、凝集させて得られるエマルションカードを得る。
工程3;前記のエマルションカードと挽肉とを混合して食肉加工食品を得る。
【0012】
〔2〕 前記〔1〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程4、5および6を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程4;前記工程3の後、加熱処理する。
工程5;前記工程4の後、冷凍処理する。
工程6;前記工程5の後、再加熱処理する。
〔3〕 前記〔1〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程7および8を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程7;前記工程3の後、冷凍処理する。
工程8;前記工程4の後、加熱処理する。
〔4〕 前記〔1〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品または前記〔2〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品が、ハンバーグである挽肉加工食品。
【0013】
〔5〕 前記〔1〕または前記〔2〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品に用いる水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液であって、食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質、乳タンパク質またはペプチド1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液。
〔6〕 前記〔1〕または前記〔2〕の食肉加工食品の製造方法に使用される水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液のタンパク質またはペプチドが乳タンパク質およびカゼインナトリウムである水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、エマルションカードとは、乳化液若しくは分散液(エマルション)を酸により乳化破壊して凝集させていわゆる「おから状」となったものをさす。
本発明の食肉加工食品の製造方法は、次の工程1、2および3を行うことを特徴とする。
工程1;食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質またはペプチド1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液を得る。
工程2;水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液と、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸及びアスコルビン酸からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上の有機酸を混合して、凝集させて得られるおから状のエマルションカードを得る。
工程3;前記のエマルションカードと挽肉とを混合して食肉加工食品を得る。
【0015】
本発明において製造する食肉加工食品は、挽肉を主原料とした加工食品であって、例えば、ハンバーグ、ミートボール、つくね等の食肉加工食品に用いられる公知の食肉加工食品を挙げることができる。
原料として用いる挽肉としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、牛肉、豚肉、鶏肉、羊肉、馬肉、鹿肉、魚肉等の食肉が挙げられる。これらの食肉の1種または2種以上を使用できる。
【0016】
本発明において用いる乳化液は、食用油脂5〜60重量%、タンパク質またはペプチドを1〜5重量%を必須成分として含有する水中油滴型乳化物である。ここで乳化液の内相の油相は、食用油脂を主成分とするものであり、これらの油相を構成する食用油脂としては、一般の可食性油脂が使用でき、特に限定されない。使用する食用油脂としては、例えば、ナタネ油、パーム油、パーム核油、大豆油、コーン油、ヤシ油等の食用植物油や、牛脂、豚脂、魚油等の食用動物油脂が挙げられる。これらの油脂を1種または2種以上の混合油として用いても構わない。さらにそれらの硬化油、分別油、エステル交換油等の食用加工油脂でも構わない。風味・呈味または着色料等を配合することも可能である。好ましくは、食肉加工食品に使用する原料肉と同じ由来の油脂を用いることが望ましい。さらに商品価値を高めるために、廉価な肉を使用し、風味・呈味または着色料等を配合することより前記のように商品価値を高めてもよい。より好ましいのは、牛脂、豚脂あるいは牛脂と豚脂の混合油脂等が挙げられる。
また、乳化液中の油脂の配合量は、より効果的にジューシー感を付与させるために油脂含量5〜60重量%であり、より好ましくは、10〜55重量%、さらに好ましくは20〜50重量%高油分の乳化液が好ましい。
食用油の配合量は、5重量%より少ないと、乳化液自体の粘度が低いため乳化液を製造する時の作業性の面では良いが、乳化液を挽肉への油脂添加を考慮した場合、配合量が多くなりすぎて好ましくない。したがって、乳化液中の油分含量が多いほどその効果を望むことができるが食用油の配合量が、60重量%より多いと均質工程直後に水中油滴型から油中水滴型へ転相し、水中油滴型乳化液を得ることができない。
【0017】
水中油滴型乳化物に使用する乳化剤および乳化安定剤としては、例えば、通常食品に使用できる精製された乳化剤および乳化安定剤が好ましく挙げられる。乳化剤としては、例えば、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等が挙げられる。グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの具体的な例としては、モノグリセリンステアレート、ヘキサグリセリンステアレート、デカグリセリンステアレート等が挙げられる。
また乳化安定剤としては、例えば、サポニン、キサンタンガム、結晶セルロースなどの公知のものを使用することができる。
【0018】
本発明で使用する乳化液には、酸により乳化破壊が起こり凝集を生じるために、タンパク質およびペプチドを必須成分として含有する。
ここで、タンパク質としては、動植物由来のタンパク質が挙げられる。さらにそれらのタンパク質の化学的あるいは酵素的な分解物のペプチドが挙げられる。具体的には、例えば、乳タンパク質、カゼインナトリウム、大豆タンパク、ラクトアルブミン、タンパク加水分解物等が挙げられる。より好ましくは、乳タンパク質、カゼインナトリウムが挙げられる。
本発明では、これらのタンパク質およびペプチドは、乳化安定性として使用する他に、有機酸による凝固をよりしやすくするために使用される。
タンパク質およびペプチドの使用量は、水中油滴型乳化液中の含有量として1〜5重量%、好ましくは2〜4重量%である。タンパク質およびペプチドの使用量をこの範囲にすることにより、乳化液がオイルオフすることもなく優れた乳化安定性が得られるほか、効果的に有機酸で凝固を引き起こすことが可能である。タンパク質およびペプチドの使用量が1重量%より少ないと、油滴の粒子径を均一にして安定化させることもできず、また有機酸による酸凝集もしにくくなる。
また、タンパク質およびペプチドの使用量が5重量%より多いと、乳化液の連続相である水相部の粘度が高くなり、乳化操作が非常に困難になり、水中油滴型乳化液自体の製造が難しい。また、例えば過剰のカゼインナトリウムによってカゼイン特有の風味が商品に出てしまうため、食肉加工食品の旨味や風味を顕著に損なう原因となる。
【0019】
本発明の食肉加工食品の製造方法は、次の工程1、2および3を行うが、これについて説明する。
工程1は、食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質またはペプチド1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液を得る工程である。
ここで、本発明の水中油滴型乳化液は、親水性乳化剤、カゼインナトリウム等のタンパク質成分を加熱して溶解した水中に、予めレシチン等の油溶性乳化剤を溶解した食用油脂を攪拌しながら滴下して粗乳化液を得て、この粗乳化液をホモジナイザー、ホモミキサー、コロイドミルなどの水中油滴型乳化液製造機を用いて乳化して製造することができる。
また水中油滴型分散液若しくは乳化液とした後、冷却して分散液中の液滴粒子が、固形化した油脂となる分散液であってもよい。その際に用いる冷却方法・装置は特に限定するものでないが、冷却温度は、3〜10℃に急冷することが好ましい。
【0020】
工程2は、水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液と、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸及びアスコルビン酸からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上の有機酸を混合して、凝集させて得られるおから状のエマルションカードを得る工程である。
本発明に使用する有機酸は、食品添加物に認められているものであればよいが、乳化液に加えて乳化破壊を行う際には水溶液として加えることが望ましく、特に水への溶解性に優れたリンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、アスコルビン酸などが好ましく挙げられる。
有機酸の使用量は、乳化液や分散液中のタンパク質やペプチドの配合量にもよるが、通常水中油滴型乳化液に対して0.05〜1.0重量%、好ましくは0.1〜0.4重量%が好ましい。0.05重量%より少ないと、有機酸による凝集反応が起こりにくく、おから状のエマルションカードが形成されない。一方、1.0重量%より多いと、エマルションカード自体が硬くプリン状に凝固するため、おから状のエマルションカードを得ることができないので好ましくない。また過剰の有機酸を添加すると、有機酸の酸味が商品の風味に影響してしまうため、好ましくない。このため、有機酸の添加量は、カゼインナトリウムの凝集反応が起こりうる最低限の添加量内に定めることが望ましい。これにより、商品の風味に全く影響しないおから状のエマルションカードを作製することが可能である。
【0021】
工程3は、前記のエマルションカードと挽肉とを混合して食肉加工食品を得る工程である。
前記のようにして有機酸によって変性して得られたエマルションカードは、食肉加工食品を製造する時に、挽肉に添加する。エマルションカードの添加量は、挽肉100重量部に対して、5〜20重量部が好ましい。ハンバーグ生地粘度を考慮すると、8〜15重量部がより望ましい。
【0022】
本発明で用いる水中油滴型乳化液には、食用油脂、水、タンパク質またはペプチド、活性剤の他に、ビーフエキス、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、食塩等の調味料類、着香料、着色料、保存料、抗酸化剤、発色剤などの各種添加物を適宜添加してもよい。さらにビタミン類、微量金属成分、薬効成分、動植物の抽出エキス類を配合しても構わない。その際油性成分は食用油脂の油相に加え、親水性成分は水相に加えることが望ましい。
【0023】
本発明の食肉加工食品の製造法は、前記水中油滴型乳化液を有機酸によって凝集させて得られるおから状のエマルションカードを挽肉に練り込んで、食肉加工食品を製造する。この場合目的とする食肉加工品により本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において必要により、小麦粉、パン粉等のつなぎ成分、玉葱等の風味成分、植物性粒状タンパク質等の食感改良剤、食塩等の調味料、コショウ等の香辛料など、他の副原料を混合する。
【0024】
前記の[1]記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程4、5および6を行うことを特徴とする。
工程4;前記工程3の後、加熱処理する。
工程5;前記工程4の後、冷凍処理する。
工程6;前記工程5の後、再加熱処理する。
この工程4では、前記工程3の後、加熱処理するが、通常得られた食肉加工食品を鉄板等で加熱・焼成して一旦食肉加工食品を得る。
この工程5では、前記工程4の後、冷凍処理するが、ここで、冷凍は、−40℃〜−20℃程度の冷凍庫で製品を保管貯蔵することにより凍結させることが行われる。
工程6は前記工程5の後、加熱処理する工程である。前記の商品を冷凍車、保冷車等で運搬し、小売店に搬入し、そこから購入した消費者やレストラン等で加熱・調理することにより、食材の食肉加工食品が得られる。
【0025】
また、本発明の製造方法では、前記の[1]の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程7および8を行うことを特徴とする。
工程7;前記工程3の後、冷凍処理する。
工程8;前記工程7の後、加熱処理する。
ここで工程7は、前記工程3の後、冷凍処理する。
またさらに工程8は、「前記工程4の後、加熱処理する」の工程の加熱処理を行わないで、その後、前記の工程5,6と同じ、冷凍および加熱の処理と同じである。
【0026】
本発明の食肉加工食品の製造方法に用いる水中油滴型乳化液は、食肉の筋肉組織との親和性の高い水相が連続相であるために肉組織への馴染みやすさに優れている。従来の処方のように水中油滴型乳化液のみを添加した場合、添加量が多くなると、ハンバーグ生地粘度が低下しやすく、成型工程の作業性が悪くなり、成型機の種類や作業温度によっては生地の成型が困難になる問題、また乳化油脂特有の白色によって、これをハンバーグ生地に添加すると生地自体も白っぽくなるために、チルド製品群など未焼成製品で流通する製品には、外観上の問題等を生じる。しかし、本発明のように挽肉に混合する前に、水中油滴型乳化液を有機酸によって、おから状のエマルションカードに変性させることにより、この問題は解決できる。また、このおから状(粒子状)になった水中油滴型乳化物をハンバーグ生地に分散して混合させることが可能なので、保水性及び弾力性に富み、加熱調理後の製品歩留りが著しく向上し、ジューシー感かつソフト感に優れた食肉加工食品を製造することができる。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明の食肉加工食品の製造方法は、タンパク質またはペプチドを含む乳化液を得て、酸により容易にエマルションカードとすることができ、それを使用することにより保水性及び弾力性に富み、加熱調理後の製品歩留りが著しく向上し、ジューシー感かつソフト感に優れた食肉加工食品を製造することができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を具体的に基づき、さらに詳細に説明する。
試験例1;
表1に示す配合により、水中油滴型乳化液の油分含量について検討した(実施例1〜4)。すなわち、水にカゼインナトリウム(中央商工(株) 商品名:インスタンラックS)、乳タンパク質として乳清タンパク濃縮物(日本新薬(株) 商品名:D‐200、WPC)、乳化剤(ペンタグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル、太陽化学(株) 商品名:サンソフトA−181E)、を溶解した後、60℃まで加温を行った。そして、予めレシチン((株)ホーネン コーポレーション 商品名:豊年レシチンFA)を溶解した65℃の精製牛脂をスリーワンモーター(HEIDON社製)で攪拌しながら徐々に添加して粗乳化を30分間行った。その後圧力式ホモジナイザーを用いて120kg/cmで油滴粒子を微細に均質化し、10℃まで急速冷却して水中油滴型乳化液とした。
【0029】
比較例として水中油滴型乳化液の油脂の量を3%(比較例1)、70%(比較例2)に変え、実施例1〜4と同様に水中油滴型乳化液を得た。表1に示す。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 2004290034
【0031】
なお表中の乳化液の物性評価については、以下の基準で評価した。
1.<<乳化液の評価>>
(1)乳化状態:目視による。
(2)乳化粘度:B型粘度計(ブルックフィールド社)による。温度10℃、
(3)乳化油脂製造時の作業性:
○…製造作業上において全く支障がない
△…UHT滅菌工程において多少の支障を有する。
×…均質化工程で転相を起こす。
(4)油分含量:
◎…乳化液中に油分が30%以上
○…乳化液中に油分が5%以上30%未満
△…乳化液中に油分が5%未満
【0032】
油分含量が少ないと、乳化液自体の粘度は低く、乳化油脂を製造時の作業性が良いが、挽肉への油脂添加を考慮すると、乳化液中の油分含量が多いほど望ましい。しかし、油分含量が70%になると、均質工程直後に、油中水滴型へ転相し、水中油滴型乳化液を得ることができなかった。
【0033】
試験例2;〈乳化剤および乳タンパク質の配合量の検討〉
次に表2に示す配合(実施例3、5〜8)により、水中油滴型乳化液中の乳化剤および乳清タンパク濃縮物について検討した。水中油滴型乳化液の製造は、実施例1〜4と同様に実施した。
乳化液の物性測定方法は、試験例1と同様に実施した。
【0034】
比較例として水中油滴型乳化液の乳化剤および量を、また乳清タンパク濃縮物それぞれ変えて(比較例3)、実施例1〜4と同様に水中油滴型乳化液を得た。
乳化状態、乳化粘度、乳化剤および乳清タンパク濃縮物による影響についての官能評価にて確認した。
【0035】
【表2】
Figure 2004290034
【0036】
<乳化剤の風味に及ぼす影響>および<乳清タンパク濃縮物による呈味に及ぼす影響>の官能評価は、次の評価方法による。
<乳化剤の風味への影響>
無し:乳化剤の味を全く感じない。
有り;乳化剤の味をかなり感じる。
<乳清タンパク濃縮物による風味への影響>
無し:乳清タンパク濃縮物の味を全く感じない。
有り;乳清タンパク濃縮物の味をかなり感じる。
【0037】
比較例3のように乳清タンパク濃縮物(WPC)を多量に添加すると、乳化液の粘度が高くなり、乳清タンパク濃縮物の風味が大きく影響した。
【0038】
試験例3;〈カゼインNa量の検討〉
次に表3に示す配合(実施例3,9,10)により、水中油滴型乳化液中のカゼインナトリウム量について検討した。水中油滴型乳化液の製造は、実施例1〜4と同様に実施した。また、有機酸との反応性を確認するために、5%リンゴ酸水溶液を用意し、乳化液100部に対して、0.5部添加して行った。
乳化液の評価は、乳化状態、乳化粘度(B型粘度計による)、乳化油脂製造時の作業性の評価は前記の方法と同じ。
<乳化油脂製造時の作業性の評価>
◎:全く問題なし。
○:製造条件の許容内であり、問題なし。
△:影響し、作業性が低下する。
×:製造不可。
カゼインによる風味の影響については、官能評価により確認した。
<カゼインNaの風味への影響>
無し:カゼインNaの味を全く感じない。
有り;カゼインNaの味をかなり感じる。
<有機酸との反応性>
○:おから状の凝集物を形成する。
△:一部おから状の凝集物を形成する。
×:全く凝集反応が見られない。
【0039】
比較例として水中油滴型乳化液のカゼイン量を0%、0.5%、0.75%(比較例4〜6)、5.0%、6.0%(比較例7、8)に変え、実施例1〜4と同様に水中油滴型乳化液を得た。
【0040】
【表3】
Figure 2004290034
【0041】
比較例4〜6のようにカゼイン量が少ないと、乳化液の乳化状態に影響し、特に比較例4,5は分離した。一方、比較例7、8のように多量に添加すると、均質工程時の作業性に大きく影響するとともに、乳化液にカゼインの風味が大きく影響した。
【0042】
試験例4;〈水中油滴型乳化液と有機酸〉
次に有機酸の水溶液と水中油滴型乳化液とを配合した場合に、効果的な凝集したエマルションカードを作製することができるかを検討した。
各々有機酸の5%溶液(ただし、フマル酸については、溶解性が悪く、0.5%溶液とした)もしくは塩酸の5%水溶液を作製し、水中油滴型乳化液100重量部と配合して、その凝集反応について調べた(配合例1〜96、比較配合例1〜72)。
結果を表4〜24に示す。
【0043】
【表4】
Figure 2004290034
【0044】
【表5】
Figure 2004290034
【0045】
【表6】
Figure 2004290034
【0046】
【表7】
Figure 2004290034
【0047】
【表8】
Figure 2004290034
【0048】
【表9】
Figure 2004290034
【0049】
【表10】
Figure 2004290034
【0050】
【表11】
Figure 2004290034
【0051】
【表12】
Figure 2004290034
【0052】
【表13】
Figure 2004290034
【0053】
【表14】
Figure 2004290034
【0054】
【表15】
Figure 2004290034
【0055】
【表16】
Figure 2004290034
【0056】
【表17】
Figure 2004290034
【0057】
【表18】
Figure 2004290034
【0058】
【表19】
Figure 2004290034
【0059】
【表20】
Figure 2004290034
【0060】
【表21】
Figure 2004290034
【0061】
【表22】
Figure 2004290034
【0062】
【表23】
Figure 2004290034
【0063】
【表24】
Figure 2004290034
【0064】
なお表中の記載は次のとおり。
注;表中の記号は、「■:乳化液が、完全に凝固し、全体がプリン状になり、粒状の凝集物にならない。○:乳化液全体が、おから状の凝集物を形成する。△:乳化液の一部、おから状の凝集物ができる。×:変化なし。」を示す。
ここで、△、○は、乳化液からエマルションカードができることを示し、エマルションカードとして配合使用できる。
【0065】
試験例5;《有機酸の種類によるエマルションカードの影響》
各々の有機酸によって得たエマルションカードを実際にハンバーグ生地に8.0重量部添加し、有機酸の種類による違いを確認した。
<ハンバーグのベース配合処方>
牛挽肉 43.5重量部、
豚挽肉 20.2重量部、
玉葱のみじん切り 15.0重量部、
パン粉 7.5重量部、
粒状植物タンパク 5.0重量部、
香辛料 0.1重量部、
食塩 0 7重量部、
小計 92 0重量部
上記のハンバーグの配合処方に、アスコルビン酸によって得られたエマルションカード(配合例[39])を5.0重量部添加したもの(実施例11)、リンゴ酸によって得られたエマルションカード(配合例[45])を5.0重量部添加したもの(実施例12)、酒石酸によって得られたエマルションカード(配合例[53])を5.0重量部添加したもの(実施例13)、クエン酸によって得られたエマルションカード(配合例[61])を5.0重量部添加したもの(実施例14)をそれぞれ用意し、ハンバーグを作成してその後焼成し、ジューシー感およびソフト感、さらに有機酸による風味への影響について評価した。
また、実施例9の乳化液を用いて同様にしてフマル酸、酢酸、塩酸を使用して、エマルションカードを作製し、同様に評価した。(比較配合例[32]、[39]、[44])
結果を表25に示す。
【0066】
【表25】
Figure 2004290034
【0067】
なお<ジューシー感の評価方法>、<ソフト感の評価>、および<風味への影響の評価>は、次のとおり。
<ジューシー感>
○:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて良好
△:比較例9(無添加品)に比べてほぼ良好
×:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて悪い
<ソフト感>
○:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて良好
△:比較例9(無添加品)に比べてほぼ良好
×:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて悪い
<風味への影響>
○:有機酸の酸味を全く感じない
△:有機酸によって、酸味を少し感じる
×:有機酸によって、酸味をかなり感じる
【0068】
フマル酸は、溶解性が悪いため、十分なエマルションカードを作製しにくく、作業性を考慮すると問題があった。一方、酢酸および塩酸は、ともに風味へ大きく影響するために、使用するには問題があった。
【0069】
試験例6:<エマルションカード量の検討>
実施例9で作製した水中油滴型乳化液100重量部に5%DL‐リンゴ酸水溶液を0.25重量部を添加しながら、ゆっくり攪拌し、乳化液全体を変性させて得られたエマルションカード等(おから状の凝集物)(配合例[45])について、食肉加工食品への最適添加量を調べた。
【0070】
エマルションカードの最適添加量を確認するために、実施例12、15〜17を実施した。
前記の表25に記載した上記のハンバーグの配合にそれぞれ、実施例9の乳化液とリンゴ酸の配合で得たエマルションカード配合例[45]を用いてそれぞれ5.0重量部(実施例12)、8.0重量部(実施例15)、10.0重量部(実施例16)および20.0重量部(実施例17)を添加してハンバーグ生地を得た。
こうして得られた生地をハンバーグ状に成型し、200℃の熱鉄板で片面45秒間ずつ両面を加熱後に、200℃のオーブンで7分間焼成して、ジューシー感とソフト感を評価した。
なお、エマルションカードを0重量部(無添加)、3.0重量部、25.0重量部添加したもの(比例例9,13,14)を同様に作成して評価した。
【0071】
【表26】
Figure 2004290034
【0072】
なお、ジューシー感の評価およびソフト感は次のとおり。
<ジューシー感の評価>
◎:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて非常に良好、
○:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて良好、
△:比較例9(無添加品)に比べてほぼ良好、
×:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて悪い。
<ソフト感の評価>
◎:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて非常に良好、
○:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて良好、
△:比較例9(無添加品)に比べてほぼ良好、
×:比較例9(無添加品)に比べて悪い。
【0073】
エマルションカードの添加量は、実施例12、15〜17に示すように5〜20重量部が好ましかった。また、ハンバーグ生地粘度を考慮すると、8〜15重量部が望ましかった。比較例13のように添加量が少ないとジューシー感およびソフト感ともにその効果を向上させることができなった。一方、比較例14のように添加量が多すぎると、ジューシー感の効果においては期待できるが、ハンバーグ生地粘度が軟らかくなりすぎる傾向があった。
【0074】
試験例7;実施例15、比較例15〜19
前記のハンバーグのベース配合処方により、牛挽肉43.5部、豚挽肉20.2部に上記の方法で凝集させて得られたおから状のエマルションカード8.0部(実施例9の乳化液をリンゴ酸で変性したエマルションカード配合例[45])を加えて混練し、食塩0.7部を添加して混練する。さらにこれに玉葱のみじん切り15.0部、パン粉7.5部、粒状植物タンパク5.0部、香辛料0.1部を加えてさらに混練を行ってハンバーグ生地を得た。(実施例15)
得られたハンバーグ生地80gを、それぞれ縦径8.0cm、横径6.0cm、厚さ1.6cmにハンバーグ状に成型したハンバーグ生地を200℃の熱鉄板で片面45秒間ずつ両面を加熱後、200℃のオーブンで7分間焼成し、−40℃で24時間凍結した。
2次調理加熱は、電子レンジ(700W)2分間、加熱した。
【0075】
比較例15〜19
前記の実施例15に用いたエマルションカード8.0重量の代わりに、精製牛脂(比較例15)、ナタネ油(比較例16)、マーガリン(「日本油脂(株)製、商品名、ディナークック」、比較例17)、または、水中油型エマルション(「日本油脂(株)製、商品PB−100」、比較例18))をそれぞれ8.0重量部用いた以外は、実施例15と同様にしてハンバーグ生地を得た。また、無添加品として、エマルションカード8.0重量部の分を加味して量のみ増加させたコントロール(比較例19)を準備した。
以下実施例15と同様に焼成等処理してハンバーグを評価した。
配合を表27、結果を表28に示す。
【0076】
【表27】
Figure 2004290034
【0077】
【表28】
Figure 2004290034
【0078】
なおハンバーグの試験方法は、次の方法で評価した。
<<試験方法>>
(1)留まり
加熱調理後の重量を測定し、下記式により歩留まりを算出した。
歩留まり(重量%)=[加後のハンバーグ重量/加熱前のハンバーグ重量]×100
(2)焼き縮み率
加熱調理後のハンバーグの縦径、横径及び厚さをノギスにて測定し、下記式により、ハンバーグの縦径、横径及び厚さにおける焼き縮み率を算出した。
(3)収縮率(%)=[加熱後の測定値/加熱前の測定値]×100
数値が大きいが、焼き縮みをしていないことを示す。
【0079】
製品の食感については、加熱調理したハンバーグの食感(ジューシー感、ソフト感)を、パネラー7名で官能評価を行った。実施した試食評価は、ジューシー感とソフト感について4段階評価(0〜3)を行い、その平均値(小数点第2位を四捨五入)を算出し、表28に示した(数値が大きいほどジューシー感かつソフト感に優れる)。
なお、表28におけるジューシー感の評価基準及びソフト感の評価基準は、下記のとおりである。
〈ジューシー感の評価基準〉
3点:比較例19に比べて格段にジューシー感が感じられる。
2点:比較例19に比べてかなり改善され、ジューシー感がある。
1点:比較例19にある程度ジューシー感が改善されたが、未だ不十分である。
0点:ジューシー感に欠ける。
〈ソフト感の評価基準〉
3点:比較例19に比べて硬さが著しい改善され、極めてソフトである。
2点:比較例19に比べてかなり改善され、ソフトである。
1点:比較例19に比べ硬さが少し改善されたが、未だに硬い。
0点:全体に硬く、ソフト感に欠ける。
【0080】
その結果、実施例15が、最も収縮が小さく、焼き縮みが少ないことが分かった。
表27、28から明らかなように、精製牛脂およびナタネ油を練り込んだもの(比較例15,16)、マーガリンすなわち油中水滴型乳化物を練り込んだもの(比較例17)は、いずれも加熱調理時の油脂分のドリップが多く、食感改良効果はなかった。また、水中油滴型乳化液の練り込みを試みた比較例18は、生地粘度が通常のハンバーグ生地に比べて低下した。
【0081】
試験例8;<タンパク質変性方法の検討>
タンパク変性を起こさせる手法には、有機酸による手法の他に、冷凍による手法や加熱による手法がある。有機酸による手法が、冷凍および加熱による手法によるとの違いについて検討した。
ハンバーグの配合処方は、前記と同様に行った。
【0082】
比較例20、21
粉末状大豆タンパク質100重量部にナタネ油400重量部および水500重量部を用い、常法に従って乳化し、エマルションカードを調整し、このエマルションカードを最大氷晶帯(0〜−5℃)通過時間で3時間の速度で凍結させた後ミンチにし、これをハンバーグ生地に8重量部添加した(比較例20)。
乳化液に塩化カルシウムを1.0重量部添加し、攪拌しながら徐々に加熱させ、乳化液全体を凝集させた後に得られたエマルションカードをハンバーグ生地に8.0重量部添加した(比較例21)。
結果を表29に示す。
【0083】
【表29】
Figure 2004290034
【0084】
評価方法については、以下のとおりである。
<エマルションカードの形成度合い>
◎:全体が凝集する。
○:凝集する。
<食感>
◎:比較例19に比べてかなり改善効果を有する。
○:比較例19に比べて改善効果が認められる。
△:比較例19に比べて改善効果が不十分。
×:比較例19に比べて変化なし。
<歩留り>
前記の方法による。
【0085】
以上の結果、有機酸によるタンパク変性は、予め乳化液に有機酸を直接添加して変性させることが可能であるため、少ない有機酸と乳化液(又はタンパク質)を効果的に反応させることができる。さらにエマルションカードを簡単に作成しやすい利点を有する。また、こうして得られたエマルションカードを添加したハンバーグ生地(実施例18)は、風味に全く影響しない。一方、冷凍による変性手法(比較例23)また加熱による変性手法(比較例24)は、乳化液(又はタンパク質)とアルカリ土類金属(Caイオン)を添加して反応させるが、エマルションカードを得るには、アルカリ土類金属をある程度多めに添加する必要がある。このため、これらの風味が出やすい欠点を有する。また、冷凍変性は、全体にタンパク変性を引き起こすまでに、かなりの時間を冷凍状態下で処理する必要があり、加熱変性は、乳化液とアルカリ土類金属を反応させるには加熱作業が必要なために、ともに有機酸変性に比べて、エマルションカードを得るのにかなりの時間が必要である。
【0086】
水中油滴型乳化液の添加量が多くなると、ハンバーグ生地粘度が低下しやすく、そのため成型性が悪くなり、成型機の種類や作業温度によっては生地の成型が困難になるなどの問題がある。また、水中油滴型乳化液は、白色を有しているため、例えば、食肉加工食品にこの白色の水中油滴型乳化液を添加すると、商品全体が白っぽくなり、未焼成で流通するチルド製品群では、この外観上の問題等で、使いにくい問題点がある。したがって、チルド製品群の食肉加工食品でも、本発明の処方の優位性を確認した。
【0087】
【表30】
Figure 2004290034
【0088】
ハンバーグ生地の成型性(弾性)については、レオメーター((株)サン科学)にて測定した。また、生地の色については、分光測色計CM3500d(ミノルタ(株))にて測定[測定条件:測定径φ30mm/正反射光処理SCM]した。
注;表中は、次に示す評価で行った。
<成型性>
○;比較例19と比較して同等の成型性を有する。
△;比較例19と比較して成型性がやや低下する。
×;比較例19と比較して成型性が著しく低下する。
【0089】
比較例19の成型性を基準にした場合、表30から明らかなように、実施例15は、無添加品の比較例19と比較しても同等の成型性(弾性)を有していた。水中油滴型乳化液特有の白色により、チルド製品のハンバーグ生地が白色化してしまうが、水中油滴型乳化液を有機酸によって、予め凝集させて、おから状の乳化組成物を変性させることで、ハンバーグ生地の白色化を抑えられた。さらに、チルド用のハンバーグ生地の色において比較例18よりも、かなり白色が抑えられていた。一方、比較例18は、著しく白色が目立つ上に、比較例19よりも、生地の成型性が低下した。
【0090】
以上の結果から、水中油滴型乳化液特有の白色により、チルド製品のハンバーグ生地が白色化してしまうが、水中油滴型乳化液を有機酸によって、予め凝集させて、おから状の乳化組成物を変性させることで、ハンバーグ生地の白色化を抑えられた。
【0091】
試験例9;《実施例16;鰯のつみれの作製》
鰯のすり身80.0部に水中油滴型乳化液を有機酸によって凝集させて得られたおから状のエマルションカード5.0重量部(配合例[45])を加えて混練し、食塩1.0部を添加して混練する。さらにネギ5.0部、鶏卵3.0部、しょうが2.0部、小麦粉1.5部、味噌1.5部、料理酒1.0部を加えて混練し、鰯のつみれを得た。
これを約25gの大きさに丸めて、塩を入れた熱湯で4分間茹でて、試食による官能評価を行った。官能評価については、パネラー7名により、食感(ジューシー感、ソフト感)を下記の基準にて評価した。
結果を表31に示す。
【0092】
【表31】
Figure 2004290034
【0093】
製品の官能評価については、調理した鰯のつみれの食感(ジューシー感、ソフト感)を、パネラー7名でハンバーグの検討実験と同様の官能評価方法で行った。実施した試食評価は、ジューシー感とソフト感について4段階評価(0〜3)を行い、その平均値(小数点第2位を四捨五入)を算出し、表31に示した(数値が大きいほどジューシー感かつソフト感に優れる)
なお、表31におけるジューシー感の評価基準及びソフト感の評価基準は、下記のとおりである。
〈ジューシー感の評価基準〉
3点:格段にジューシー感が感じられる。
2点:かなり改善され、ジューシー感がある。
1点:ある程度ジューシー感が改善されたが、未だ不十分である。
0点:ジューシー感に欠ける。
〈ソフト感の評価基準〉
3点:硬さが著しい改善され、極めてソフトである。
2点:かなり改善され、ソフトである。
1点:硬さが少し改善されたが、未だに硬い。
0点:全体に硬く、ソフト感に欠ける。
【0094】
以上の結果から、これらに対し本発明による食肉加工食品の製造方法は、ハンバーグやつみれ等の加工食品の加熱調理時においてのドリップが、少なく、歩留りを向上させることができ、食感及び風味における改善効果が高く、良好であるために、優れた品質の挽肉加工製品であることが分かる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a processed meat food having excellent texture and shape retention, and a processed meat food and a processed meat food obtained by the above-described production method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, among processed meat products, processed meat products such as hamburgers, meatballs, tsukuni, and tsumire are sterilized under severe heating conditions, and the fats and oils in the dough are subjected to secondary heating when consumers eat. Minutes drip and give a crisp texture lacking in juicy feeling, and shrinkage and shrinkage cause a decrease in volume, resulting in a decrease in appearance and yield, and markedly poor quality in texture and flavor. There was a problem.
[0003]
In order to improve such texture,
(1) a method of kneading excess tissue fat in advance,
(2) kneading edible fat or edible processed fat or oil such as refined beef tallow, vegetable salad oil,
(3) a method of adding an emulsion-based water-in-oil emulsified oil / fat composition such as butter and margarine (JP-A-2002-174, Patent Document 1);
(4) a method of producing a processed meat food by kneading an oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion into ground meat (JP-A-05-176721, Patent Document 2);
(5) A method of kneading an oil-in-water type emulsion obtained by emulsifying edible oil and fat and water with lecithin and sodium caseinate into ground meat (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-103632, Patent Document 3),
(6) A method of adding an emulsion card obtained by coagulating an oil-in-water type emulsion obtained by emulsifying fats and oils with a milk-clotting enzyme-decomposed casein alkali salt with calcium ions (JP-A-06-121656, Patent Document 4). It has been disclosed.
(7) In a method for producing meat from livestock meat and / or fish meat, a vegetable protein emulsion card which has been previously freeze-denatured or heat-denatured is mixed with other raw materials and processed to improve the workability and texture. -A method for producing processed fish meat (JP-A-59-125849, Patent Document 5) is disclosed.
(8) A coagulant is added to a mixture of soy protein, water and oil, and this is added to the raw meat processing material in an unheated state, kneaded, and heated. Processed meat food in which water is 4.0 to 7.0 parts by weight, oil is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, and coagulant is 0.02 to 0.5 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of protein. (JP-A-2-171159, Patent Document 6) and the like.
[0004]
However, among these conventional methods,
In the method of kneading tissue fat of the above (1), since a film of connective tissue protein such as collagen is formed around the fat, drip of fats and oils is relatively small, but dissolution in the mouth and poor taste are caused. There's a problem.
In the case of kneading non-emulsified fats and oils such as refined beef fat and vegetable salad oil in the above (2), most of the fats and oils drip from between the meat grains during cooking, so that the added fats and oils are contained in the processed meat product. Hardly remains.
In the method (3) of adding the emulsion type water-in-oil emulsified fat or oil composition such as butter or margarine, the yield slightly increases as compared with the non-emulsified fat or oil. This is a water-in-oil type emulsification system in which no fat is used as an adhesive between the meat tissue and the oil phase, so that most oils and fats drip and cannot be sufficiently improved.
[0005]
In the method of (4) above, in which the oil-in-water type emulsion obtained by emulsifying edible oil and water using lecithin and sodium caseinate is kneaded into ground meat, the continuous phase is an oil-in-water type emulsification system having an aqueous phase portion. Therefore, it can be expected that the product is well-adapted to the meat tissue, the water retention of the product itself is improved, a juicy and soft texture is obtained, and the product with little drip is obtained. However, when the addition amount is large, the viscosity of the hamburger dough is apt to decrease, so that the moldability deteriorates, and there is a problem that it becomes difficult to mold the dough depending on the type of the molding machine and the working temperature. Further, since the emulsified fat or oil is white, if this is added to hamburger dough or the like, the whole dough also becomes whitish. Therefore, in a chilled product group or the like using this product, there is a problem in appearance that fats and oils are solidified and appear white as a whole, and the commercial value is reduced.
In the method (5) of adding an emulsion card obtained by coagulating an oil-in-water type emulsion with calcium ions, in order to effectively cause a coagulation reaction between calcium ions and caseinate, the temperature is preferably 15 ° C. or more. A heating step is required. Since the temperature of the raw meat is controlled and manufactured at around 4 to 10 ° C, obtaining an emulsion at 15 ° C or higher as described in the above technique leads to a result of raising the temperature of the raw meat and quality control. The above problems, and the difficulty in workability and handling.
[0006]
In the above method (6) of adding an emulsion card obtained by coagulating an oil-in-water emulsion obtained by emulsifying fats and oils with an alkali-degrading casein by calcium ion and coagulating with calcium ions, it takes a long time for denaturation, so that workability is increased. Poor, or simply heat denaturation, calcium has an adverse effect on taste and poses a problem.
In the method for producing meat from livestock meat and / or fish meat according to the above (7), the workability and food of mixing and treating an emulsion card obtained by preliminarily freeze-denaturing or heat-denaturing a vegetable protein emulsion with other raw materials. In the production method of processed meat and fish meat foods to improve the texture, freeze denaturation or heat denaturation requires a long time for denaturation, resulting in poor workability, or simply heat denaturation is not always sufficient for taste. There's a problem.
[0007]
A coagulant is added to the soybean protein, water and oil of the above (8), and this is added to the meat processing raw material in an unheated state, kneaded and heated. A method for producing a processed meat food wherein the water content is 4 to 7 parts by weight, the oil content is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, and the coagulant is 0.02 to 0.5 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of soy protein. Then, it is necessary to pay close attention to the addition amount of the coagulant in order to obtain the optimum texture. Because the coagulant and soy protein are gelled by heating, the processed meat product is insufficiently gelled during the baking process until it rises to this gelling temperature range, preventing drip of gravy. There is a problem that can not be.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2002-174 (page 2),
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-176721 (page 2),
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-05-103632 (page 2),
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-06-121656 (page 2),
[Patent Document 5] JP-A-59-125849 (page 1),
[Patent Document 6] JP-A-2-171159 (page 2)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made under such a background.
One object of the present invention is to produce a processed meat food which has a low juiciness and softness even when cooked, has a rich juicy feeling and a soft feeling, and has a mouth-melting taste and a good taste, in order to solve the above problems. It is to provide a way to do it.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a processed meat food and a processed meat food obtained in the production process of the processed meat food. Another object of the present invention is to provide a processed meat food and an emulsion used for the processed meat food obtained in the process of producing the processed meat food.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in view of the above problems, and as a result, obtained an oil-in-water type emulsion of fats and oils, each of which contains a specific amount of protein, peptide, and emulsifier, and further obtained this emulsion with an organic acid. It has been found that the above problem can be solved by a method of mixing and kneading an emulsion card obtained by coagulation with minced meat by mixing, thereby completing the present invention.
[0011]
[1] A method for producing processed meat food, comprising performing the following steps 1, 2 and 3.
Step 1: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 5 to 60% by weight of edible fat and oil and 1 to 5% by weight of protein or peptide is obtained.
Step 2: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion is mixed with one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid, and aggregated. An emulsion card is obtained.
Step 3: mixing the above-mentioned emulsion curd and ground meat to obtain a processed meat food.
[0012]
[2] A method for producing a processed meat food, which further comprises the following steps 4, 5, and 6 in addition to the method for producing a processed meat food according to the above [1].
Step 4: After the step 3, a heat treatment is performed.
Step 5: After the step 4, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 6: After the step 5, a reheating treatment is performed.
[3] A method for producing a processed meat food, which further comprises the following steps 7 and 8 in addition to the method for producing a processed meat food according to the above [1].
Step 7: After the step 3, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 8: After the step 4, heat treatment is performed.
[4] A processed meat product obtained by the method for producing a processed meat food according to the above [1] or a processed meat food obtained by the method for producing a processed meat food according to the above [2] is a hamburger.
[0013]
[5] An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion used in processed meat food obtained by the method for producing processed meat food according to [1] or [2], wherein the edible oil and fat is 5 to 60. An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 1% to 5% by weight of protein, milk protein or peptide.
[6] Oil-in-water wherein the protein or peptide of the oil-in-water emulsion or the oil-in-water dispersion used in the method for producing processed meat food of the above [1] or [2] is milk protein and sodium caseinate Drop emulsion or oil-in-water dispersion.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the emulsion card refers to a so-called "okara-shaped" one obtained by emulsifying and demulsifying an emulsion or a dispersion (emulsion) with an acid to cause aggregation.
The method for producing a processed meat food of the present invention is characterized by performing the following steps 1, 2 and 3.
Step 1: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 5 to 60% by weight of edible fat and oil and 1 to 5% by weight of protein or peptide is obtained.
Step 2: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion is mixed with one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid, and aggregated. Obtain an okara-shaped emulsion card.
Step 3: mixing the above-mentioned emulsion curd and ground meat to obtain a processed meat food.
[0015]
The processed meat food produced in the present invention is a processed food mainly composed of minced meat, and includes, for example, known processed meat foods used for processed meat foods such as hamburgers, meatballs, and meatballs.
The minced meat used as a raw material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include meat such as beef, pork, chicken, mutton, horse meat, venison, and fish meat. One or more of these meats can be used.
[0016]
The emulsion used in the present invention is an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5 to 60% by weight of edible fat and oil and 1 to 5% by weight of protein or peptide as essential components. Here, the oil phase of the internal phase of the emulsion is mainly composed of edible oils and fats, and edible oils and fats constituting these oil phases can be general edible oils and fats, and are not particularly limited. Examples of the edible oils and fats used include edible vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and coconut oil, and edible animal oils such as beef tallow, lard, fish oil and the like. These fats and oils may be used as one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. Further, edible processed fats and oils such as hardened oil, fractionated oil and transesterified oil may be used. It is also possible to mix flavors, tastes, coloring agents and the like. Preferably, it is desirable to use oils and fats of the same origin as the raw meat used for processed meat foods. In order to further increase the commercial value, as described above, the commercial value may be increased by using inexpensive meat and blending flavors, tastes, coloring agents and the like. More preferred are tallow, lard, or a mixture of tallow and lard.
The amount of the fat or oil in the emulsion is 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 10 to 55% by weight, and still more preferably 20 to 50% by weight in order to more effectively impart a juicy feeling. % Oily emulsions are preferred.
When the amount of the edible oil is less than 5% by weight, the viscosity of the emulsion itself is low, so that the workability in producing the emulsion is good, but when the emulsion is taken into consideration with the addition of fats and oils to the ground meat, The amount is too large, which is not preferable. Therefore, the higher the oil content in the emulsion, the more the effect can be expected. However, if the amount of the edible oil is more than 60% by weight, the oil-in-water type changes to the water-in-oil type immediately after the homogenization step, An oil-in-water emulsion cannot be obtained.
[0017]
As the emulsifier and the emulsion stabilizer used in the oil-in-water emulsion, for example, a purified emulsifier and an emulsion stabilizer which can be generally used for foods are preferably exemplified. Examples of the emulsifier include glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, lecithin and the like. Specific examples of the glycerin fatty acid ester include monoglycerin stearate, hexaglycerin stearate, decaglycerin stearate and the like.
In addition, as the emulsion stabilizer, for example, known compounds such as saponin, xanthan gum, and crystalline cellulose can be used.
[0018]
The emulsion used in the present invention contains a protein and a peptide as essential components, because the emulsification is broken by an acid and causes aggregation.
Here, examples of the protein include proteins derived from animals and plants. Further, peptides of chemically or enzymatically decomposed products of these proteins are also included. Specific examples include milk protein, sodium caseinate, soy protein, lactalbumin, protein hydrolyzate, and the like. More preferably, milk protein and sodium caseinate are mentioned.
In the present invention, these proteins and peptides are used not only for emulsification stability but also for facilitating coagulation with organic acids.
The used amount of the protein and the peptide is 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight as the content in the oil-in-water emulsion. By setting the amount of protein and peptide to be in this range, excellent emulsion stability can be obtained without oil-off of the emulsion, and coagulation can be effectively caused by an organic acid. If the amount of the protein or peptide used is less than 1% by weight, the particle size of the oil droplets cannot be made uniform and stabilized, and acid aggregation by an organic acid becomes difficult.
If the amount of the protein and peptide is more than 5% by weight, the viscosity of the aqueous phase, which is the continuous phase of the emulsion, becomes high, making the emulsification operation extremely difficult, and producing the oil-in-water emulsion itself. Is difficult. In addition, for example, an excess of sodium caseinate causes a flavor peculiar to casein to appear in the product, which significantly impairs the umami and flavor of the processed meat food.
[0019]
The method for producing a processed meat food of the present invention includes the following steps 1, 2 and 3, which will be described.
Step 1 is a step of obtaining an oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 5 to 60% by weight of edible fat and oil and 1 to 5% by weight of protein or peptide.
Here, the oil-in-water type emulsion of the present invention is a hydrophilic emulsifier, and edible oil and fat in which an oil-soluble emulsifier such as lecithin is previously dissolved is dropped into water in which protein components such as sodium caseinate are dissolved by heating. Thus, a crude emulsion can be obtained, and the crude emulsion can be emulsified using an oil-in-water type emulsion production machine such as a homogenizer, a homomixer, and a colloid mill.
Alternatively, the dispersion may be an oil-in-water type dispersion or an emulsion, and then cooled, and the droplets in the dispersion become solidified fats and oils. The cooling method and apparatus used at that time are not particularly limited, but the cooling temperature is preferably rapidly cooled to 3 to 10 ° C.
[0020]
Step 2 comprises mixing an oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion with one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid, This is a step of obtaining an okara emulsion card obtained by coagulation.
The organic acid used in the present invention may be any one that is recognized as a food additive, but it is desirable to add it as an aqueous solution when performing emulsification destruction in addition to an emulsified liquid, and particularly to the solubility in water. Preferred are malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid and the like.
The amount of the organic acid used depends on the amount of the protein or peptide in the emulsion or dispersion, but is usually 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight, based on the oil-in-water emulsion. ~ 0.4% by weight is preferred. When the amount is less than 0.05% by weight, an aggregation reaction by an organic acid is unlikely to occur, and an okara emulsion card is not formed. On the other hand, if the content is more than 1.0% by weight, the emulsion card is hard and solidified in a pudding state, so that an okara-shaped emulsion card cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. Further, if an excessive amount of the organic acid is added, the acidity of the organic acid affects the flavor of the product, which is not preferable. For this reason, it is desirable that the amount of the organic acid to be added is set within the minimum amount at which the agglutination reaction of sodium caseinate can occur. Thereby, it is possible to produce an okara emulsion card that does not affect the flavor of the product at all.
[0021]
Step 3 is a step of mixing the emulsion curd and ground meat to obtain a processed meat food.
The emulsion curd obtained by modification with an organic acid as described above is added to ground meat when producing processed meat food. The addition amount of the emulsion card is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ground meat. Considering the hamburger dough viscosity, 8 to 15 parts by weight is more desirable.
[0022]
The oil-in-water emulsion used in the present invention includes, in addition to edible oils and fats, water, proteins or peptides, and an activator, beef extract, sodium glutamate, salt and other seasonings, flavoring agents, coloring agents, preservatives, Various additives such as an oxidizing agent and a coloring agent may be appropriately added. Further, vitamins, trace metal components, medicinal components, and extracts of animals and plants may be blended. In this case, it is desirable that the oily component is added to the oil phase of the edible fat and the hydrophilic component is added to the aqueous phase.
[0023]
In the method for producing a processed meat food of the present invention, a processed okara emulsion curd obtained by aggregating the oil-in-water type emulsion with an organic acid is kneaded into ground meat to produce a processed meat food. In this case, if necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired by the target processed meat product, linking components such as flour and bread crumbs, flavor components such as onions, texture improvers such as vegetable granular proteins, and seasonings such as salt. And other auxiliary ingredients such as spices and spices such as pepper.
[0024]
The method for producing a processed meat food according to the above [1] is characterized by further performing the following steps 4, 5 and 6.
Step 4: After the step 3, a heat treatment is performed.
Step 5: After the step 4, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 6: After the step 5, a reheating treatment is performed.
In this step 4, after the above-mentioned step 3, a heat treatment is performed. Usually, the processed meat food obtained is heated and baked on an iron plate or the like to once obtain a processed meat food.
In the step 5, after the step 4, a freezing treatment is performed. Here, the freezing is performed by storing and storing the product in a freezer at about −40 ° C. to −20 ° C.
Step 6 is a step of performing a heat treatment after step 5 described above. The above-mentioned products are transported by a freezer truck, a cold storage truck, etc., carried into a retail store, and then heated and cooked at a consumer or a restaurant purchased therefrom, thereby obtaining a processed meat food product.
[0025]
Further, the production method of the present invention is characterized in that the following steps 7 and 8 are further carried out in addition to the method for producing a processed meat food of the above [1].
Step 7: After the step 3, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 8: After the step 7, a heat treatment is performed.
Here, in the step 7, after the step 3, a freezing treatment is performed.
Still further, Step 8 is the same as the freezing and heating processes, which are the same as Steps 5 and 6 described above, without performing the heat treatment in the step of “Heat treatment after Step 4”.
[0026]
The oil-in-water emulsion used in the method for producing processed meat food of the present invention is excellent in adaptability to meat tissue because the aqueous phase having high affinity for meat muscle tissue is a continuous phase. If only the oil-in-water emulsion is added as in the conventional formulation, the hamburger dough viscosity tends to decrease when the amount of addition increases, the workability of the molding process deteriorates, and depending on the type and working temperature of the molding machine, Due to the difficulty of molding the dough, and the whiteness of emulsified fats and oils, when added to hamburger dough, the dough itself becomes whitish. And so on. However, this problem can be solved by modifying the oil-in-water emulsion into an okara emulsion card with an organic acid before mixing with the ground meat as in the present invention. In addition, the oil-in-water emulsion in the form of okara (particles) can be dispersed and mixed in hamburger dough, so that it has excellent water retention and elasticity, and product yield after cooking is significantly improved. In addition, a processed meat food having a juicy feeling and a soft feeling can be produced.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing processed meat food of the present invention, an emulsion containing a protein or peptide can be obtained, and an emulsion card can be easily obtained by using an acid. The subsequent product yield is significantly improved, and a processed meat food having an excellent juicy and soft feeling can be produced.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on specific examples.
Test Example 1;
With the formulations shown in Table 1, the oil content of the oil-in-water emulsion was examined (Examples 1 to 4). That is, casein sodium (Chuo Shoko Co., Ltd. trade name: Instanlac S) in water, whey protein concentrate as milk protein (Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. trade name: D-200, WPC), emulsifier (pentaglycerin monostearin) After dissolving the acid ester (Taiyo Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Sunsoft A-181E), the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. Then, refined beef tallow at 65 ° C. in which lecithin (Honen Corporation, trade name: Hojunen Lecithin FA) was previously dissolved was gradually added with stirring with a three-one motor (manufactured by HEIDON) to carry out coarse emulsification for 30 minutes. Then, using a pressure type homogenizer, 120 kg / cm2The oil droplet particles were finely homogenized by, and rapidly cooled to 10 ° C to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion.
[0029]
As a comparative example, an oil-in-water type emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that the amount of oil and fat in the oil-in-water type emulsion was changed to 3% (Comparative Example 1) and 70% (Comparative Example 2). It is shown in Table 1.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004290034
[0031]
The physical properties of the emulsions in the table were evaluated according to the following criteria.
1. << Evaluation of emulsion >>
(1) Emulsified state: Visual observation.
(2) Emulsion viscosity: measured with a Brookfield viscometer (Brookfield). Temperature 10 ° C,
(3) Workability during production of emulsified fats and oils:
○… No problem in production work
Δ: There is some trouble in the UHT sterilization process.
X: Phase inversion occurs in the homogenization process.
(4) Oil content:
◎: 30% or more oil content in emulsion
…: Oil content in emulsion is 5% or more and less than 30%
Δ: Oil content of less than 5% in emulsion
[0032]
When the oil content is low, the viscosity of the emulsion itself is low and the workability at the time of producing the emulsified fat is good. However, when the oil content became 70%, the phase was changed to a water-in-oil type immediately after the homogenization step, and an oil-in-water type emulsion could not be obtained.
[0033]
Test Example 2 <Examination of the blending amounts of the emulsifier and milk protein>
Next, emulsifiers and whey protein concentrates in oil-in-water emulsions were examined by the formulations shown in Table 2 (Examples 3, 5 to 8). Production of the oil-in-water emulsion was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1-4.
The physical properties of the emulsion were measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
[0034]
As a comparative example, an oil-in-water emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that the emulsifier and amount of the oil-in-water emulsion were changed and the whey protein concentrate was changed (Comparative Example 3).
The effects of the emulsified state, emulsified viscosity, emulsifier and whey protein concentrate were confirmed by sensory evaluation.
[0035]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004290034
[0036]
The sensory evaluation of <Effect on emulsifier on flavor> and <Effect on taste by whey protein concentrate> is based on the following evaluation method.
<Effect of emulsifier on flavor>
None: No taste of emulsifier is felt.
Yes; the taste of the emulsifier is considerably felt.
<Effect on flavor by whey protein concentrate>
None: No taste of whey protein concentrate is felt.
Yes; the taste of whey protein concentrate is considerably felt.
[0037]
When a large amount of whey protein concentrate (WPC) was added as in Comparative Example 3, the viscosity of the emulsion increased, and the flavor of the whey protein concentrate was greatly affected.
[0038]
Test Example 3; <Examination of Casein Na Amount>
Next, the amount of sodium caseinate in the oil-in-water emulsion was examined by the formulation shown in Table 3 (Examples 3, 9, and 10). Production of the oil-in-water emulsion was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1-4. In addition, in order to confirm the reactivity with the organic acid, a 5% malic acid aqueous solution was prepared, and 0.5 part was added to 100 parts of the emulsion.
The evaluation of the emulsion was carried out in the same manner as in the above-mentioned methods.
<Evaluation of workability during production of emulsified fats and oils>
A: No problem at all.
:: Within the tolerance of the manufacturing conditions, no problem.
Δ: Influence, workability is reduced.
×: Cannot be manufactured.
The effect of casein on the flavor was confirmed by sensory evaluation.
<Effect of casein Na on flavor>
None: No taste of casein Na is felt.
Yes; the taste of casein Na is considerably felt.
<Reactivity with organic acid>
:: Okara-like aggregates are formed.
Δ: Some okara-like aggregates are formed.
×: No agglutination reaction was observed.
[0039]
As comparative examples, the casein content of the oil-in-water emulsion was reduced to 0%, 0.5%, 0.75% (Comparative Examples 4 to 6), 5.0%, and 6.0% (Comparative Examples 7 and 8). In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, an oil-in-water emulsion was obtained.
[0040]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004290034
[0041]
When the amount of casein was small as in Comparative Examples 4 to 6, it affected the emulsified state of the emulsion, and particularly, Comparative Examples 4 and 5 were separated. On the other hand, when a large amount was added as in Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the workability during the homogenous process was significantly affected, and the flavor of casein greatly affected the emulsion.
[0042]
Test Example 4; <Oil-in-water emulsion and organic acid>
Next, it was examined whether an effective coagulated emulsion card can be produced when an aqueous solution of an organic acid and an oil-in-water emulsion were blended.
A 5% solution of an organic acid (however, fumaric acid was poorly soluble and a 0.5% solution was used) or a 5% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid was prepared and blended with 100 parts by weight of an oil-in-water emulsion. Then, the agglutination reaction was examined (composition examples 1 to 96, comparative composition examples 1 to 72).
The results are shown in Tables 4 to 24.
[0043]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004290034
[0044]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004290034
[0045]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004290034
[0046]
[Table 7]
Figure 2004290034
[0047]
[Table 8]
Figure 2004290034
[0048]
[Table 9]
Figure 2004290034
[0049]
[Table 10]
Figure 2004290034
[0050]
[Table 11]
Figure 2004290034
[0051]
[Table 12]
Figure 2004290034
[0052]
[Table 13]
Figure 2004290034
[0053]
[Table 14]
Figure 2004290034
[0054]
[Table 15]
Figure 2004290034
[0055]
[Table 16]
Figure 2004290034
[0056]
[Table 17]
Figure 2004290034
[0057]
[Table 18]
Figure 2004290034
[0058]
[Table 19]
Figure 2004290034
[0059]
[Table 20]
Figure 2004290034
[0060]
[Table 21]
Figure 2004290034
[0061]
[Table 22]
Figure 2004290034
[0062]
[Table 23]
Figure 2004290034
[0063]
[Table 24]
Figure 2004290034
[0064]
The description in the table is as follows.
Note: The symbols in the table are as follows: "■: Emulsion liquid completely coagulates, the whole becomes purine-like, and does not become granular aggregates. ○: The whole emulsion forms okara-like aggregates. Δ: A part of the emulsion, okara-like aggregates are formed. ×: No change. "
Here, Δ and ○ indicate that an emulsion card can be formed from the emulsion, and can be used as an emulsion card.
[0065]
Test Example 5: << Effect of emulsion card by type of organic acid >>
8.0 parts by weight of the emulsion curd obtained by each organic acid was actually added to hamburger dough, and the difference depending on the type of the organic acid was confirmed.
<Hamburg base formulation>
43.5 parts by weight ground beef,
20.2 parts by weight minced pork,
15.0 parts by weight chopped onion,
7.5 parts by weight of breadcrumbs,
5.0 parts by weight of granular vegetable protein,
0.1 parts by weight of spices
Salt 0 . 7 parts by weight,
Subtotal 92 . 0 parts by weight
An emulsion card obtained with ascorbic acid (Formulation Example [39]) was added to the above-mentioned hamburger composition by 5.0 parts by weight (Example 11), and an emulsion card obtained with malic acid (Formulation Example [ 45]) was added (Example 12), an emulsion card obtained with tartaric acid (Formulation Example [53]) was added 5.0 parts by weight (Example 13), and citric acid was used. Each of the obtained emulsion cards (formulation example [61]) to which 5.0 parts by weight were added (Example 14) was prepared, hamburgers were prepared, and then baked. The effect on flavor was evaluated.
Further, an emulsion card was prepared using fumaric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid in the same manner using the emulsion of Example 9 and evaluated in the same manner. (Comparative formulation examples [32], [39], [44])
The results are shown in Table 25.
[0066]
[Table 25]
Figure 2004290034
[0067]
In addition, <Evaluation method of juicy feeling>, <Evaluation of soft feeling>, and <Evaluation of influence on flavor> are as follows.
<Juicy feeling>
:: better than Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
Δ: Almost good as compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
×: Poor compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
<Soft feeling>
:: better than Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
Δ: Almost good as compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
×: Poor compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
<Effect on flavor>
:: No acidity of organic acid is felt
Δ: Slightly sour due to organic acid
×: Sourness is considerably felt by the organic acid.
[0068]
Since fumaric acid has poor solubility, it is difficult to produce a sufficient emulsion card, and there is a problem in view of workability. On the other hand, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid both have a problem in use because they greatly affect the flavor.
[0069]
Test Example 6: <Examination of emulsion card amount>
An emulsion card obtained by modifying the whole emulsion by slowly stirring while adding 0.25 parts by weight of a 5% DL-malic acid aqueous solution to 100 parts by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion prepared in Example 9 And the like (okara-like aggregates) (Formulation Example [45]), the optimum amount of addition to processed meat food was examined.
[0070]
Examples 12, 15 to 17 were carried out in order to confirm the optimum addition amount of the emulsion card.
Each of the above-mentioned hamburger compositions described in Table 25 was respectively 5.0 parts by weight using the emulsion card formulation [45] obtained by blending the emulsion of Example 9 and malic acid (Example 12). , 8.0 parts by weight (Example 15), 10.0 parts by weight (Example 16) and 20.0 parts by weight (Example 17) to obtain hamburger dough.
The dough thus obtained was molded into a hamburger shape, heated on both sides with a hot iron plate at 200 ° C. for 45 seconds each and then baked in an oven at 200 ° C. for 7 minutes to evaluate a juicy feeling and a soft feeling.
In addition, emulsion cards containing 0 parts by weight (no addition), 3.0 parts by weight, and 25.0 parts by weight (proportion examples 9, 13, and 14) were similarly prepared and evaluated.
[0071]
[Table 26]
Figure 2004290034
[0072]
The evaluation of the juicy feeling and the soft feeling are as follows.
<Evaluation of juicy feeling>
◎: very good as compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
:: better than Comparative Example 9 (no additive),
Δ: almost good as compared with Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
X: Bad as compared with Comparative Example 9 (no additive).
<Evaluation of soft feeling>
◎: very good as compared to Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
:: better than Comparative Example 9 (no additive),
Δ: almost good as compared with Comparative Example 9 (no additive)
X: Bad as compared with Comparative Example 9 (no additive).
[0073]
As shown in Examples 12, 15 to 17, the addition amount of the emulsion card was preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight. Also, considering the hamburger dough viscosity, 8 to 15 parts by weight was desirable. When the amount of addition was small as in Comparative Example 13, the effects could not be improved in both the juicy feeling and the soft feeling. On the other hand, if the addition amount is too large as in Comparative Example 14, the hamburger dough viscosity tends to be too soft, although the effect of juicy feeling can be expected.
[0074]
Test Example 7; Example 15, Comparative Examples 15 to 19
According to the above-mentioned hamburger base formulation, 43.5 parts of ground beef and 20.2 parts of minced pork are coagulated by the above-mentioned method, and 8.0 parts of okara emulsion card (emulsion of Example 9) Is mixed with an emulsion curd formulation example [45]) modified with malic acid, and 0.7 parts of sodium chloride is added and kneaded. Further, 15.0 parts of chopped onion, 7.5 parts of breadcrumbs, 5.0 parts of granular vegetable protein and 0.1 part of spice were added thereto, and the mixture was further kneaded to obtain a hamburger dough. (Example 15)
80 g of the obtained hamburger dough was molded into a hamburger-like shape having a length of 8.0 cm, a width of 6.0 cm, and a thickness of 1.6 cm, and heated on both sides for 45 seconds on a hot iron plate at 200 ° C. It was baked in a 200 ° C. oven for 7 minutes and frozen at −40 ° C. for 24 hours.
The secondary cooking heating was performed by heating for 2 minutes in a microwave oven (700 W).
[0075]
Comparative Examples 15 to 19
Instead of 8.0 weight of the emulsion card used in Example 15, refined beef tallow (Comparative Example 15), rapeseed oil (Comparative Example 16), margarine (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd., Dinner Cook) Comparative Example 17) or an oil-in-water emulsion (“Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd., product PB-100”, Comparative Example 18) except that 8.0 parts by weight were used. To get hamburger dough. As an additive-free product, a control (Comparative Example 19) in which only the amount was increased in consideration of 8.0 parts by weight of the emulsion card was prepared.
Thereafter, the hamburger was evaluated by performing the same treatment as in Example 15, for example.
The composition is shown in Table 27 and the results are shown in Table 28.
[0076]
[Table 27]
Figure 2004290034
[0077]
[Table 28]
Figure 2004290034
[0078]
The hamburg test method was evaluated by the following method.
<< Test method >>
(1) Stop
The weight after cooking was measured, and the yield was calculated by the following equation.
Yield (% by weight) = [hamburg weight after heating / hamburg weight before heating] × 100
(2) Shrinkage rate
The length, width and thickness of the hamburger after heating were measured with calipers, and the shrinkage ratio of the hamburger in the length, width and thickness was calculated by the following formula.
(3) Shrinkage (%) = [measured value after heating / measured value before heating] × 100
Although the numerical value is large, it indicates that there is no shrinkage.
[0079]
Regarding the texture of the product, the sensory evaluation of the texture (juicy feeling, soft feeling) of the cooked hamburger was conducted by seven panelists. The evaluation of the tasting performed was performed on a 4-level scale (0 to 3) for juicy feeling and soft feeling, and the average value (rounded to the second decimal place) was calculated. And excellent soft feeling).
The evaluation criteria of the juicy feeling and the soft feeling in Table 28 are as follows.
<Evaluation criteria for juicy feeling>
3 points: A much juicy feeling is felt compared to Comparative Example 19.
2 points: considerably improved as compared with Comparative Example 19, with a juicy feeling.
1 point: Although the juicy feeling is improved to some extent in Comparative Example 19, it is still insufficient.
0: Lack of juicy feeling.
<Evaluation criteria for soft feeling>
3 points: Hardness is remarkably improved as compared with Comparative Example 19, and it is extremely soft.
2 points: considerably improved and soft compared to Comparative Example 19.
1 point: Hardness is slightly improved as compared with Comparative Example 19, but it is still hard.
0 point: Hard overall and lacks soft feeling.
[0080]
As a result, it was found that Example 15 had the smallest shrinkage and the least shrinkage.
As is clear from Tables 27 and 28, all of the kneaded refined tallow and rapeseed oil (Comparative Examples 15 and 16) and the kneaded margarine, that is, the kneaded water-in-oil emulsion (Comparative Example 17) were used. There was much drip in oils and fats during cooking and there was no texture improving effect. In Comparative Example 18, in which the oil-in-water type emulsion was kneaded, the viscosity of the dough was lower than that of a normal hamburger dough.
[0081]
Test Example 8; <Examination of protein denaturation method>
Methods for causing protein denaturation include a method using freezing and a method using heating in addition to the method using organic acids. The difference between the method using organic acids and the method using freezing and heating was examined.
The hamburger was formulated in the same manner as described above.
[0082]
Comparative Examples 20, 21
Using 100 parts by weight of powdery soybean protein, 400 parts by weight of rapeseed oil and 500 parts by weight of water were emulsified according to a conventional method to prepare an emulsion card, and the emulsion card passed through the maximum ice crystal zone (0 to -5 ° C). After being frozen at a speed of 3 hours, the mixture was minced, and 8 parts by weight of this was added to hamburger dough (Comparative Example 20).
1.0 part by weight of calcium chloride was added to the emulsion, and the mixture was gradually heated with stirring to coagulate the whole emulsion, and 8.0 parts by weight of an emulsion card obtained after aggregation was added to hamburger dough (Comparative Example 21). ).
The results are shown in Table 29.
[0083]
[Table 29]
Figure 2004290034
[0084]
The evaluation method is as follows.
<Emulsion card formation degree>
A: The whole is aggregated.
:: Aggregates.
<Texture>
A: Significantly improved compared to Comparative Example 19.
:: An improvement effect is observed as compared with Comparative Example 19.
Δ: The improvement effect is insufficient as compared with Comparative Example 19.
X: No change compared to Comparative Example 19.
<Yield>
According to the method described above.
[0085]
As a result, protein denaturation with an organic acid can be performed by adding an organic acid directly to an emulsion in advance to denature the protein, so that a small amount of organic acid can be effectively reacted with the emulsion (or protein). . Further, there is an advantage that an emulsion card can be easily created. The hamburger dough to which the emulsion card thus obtained was added (Example 18) had no effect on the flavor. On the other hand, in the denaturation method by freezing (Comparative Example 23) or the denaturation method by heating (Comparative Example 24), an emulsion (or protein) and an alkaline earth metal (Ca ion) are added and reacted, but an emulsion card is obtained. Requires a relatively large amount of alkaline earth metal. For this reason, there is a drawback that these flavors are easily produced. In addition, freezing denaturation requires processing for a considerable period of time in a frozen state before causing protein denaturation as a whole, and heating denaturation requires a heating operation to react the emulsion with the alkaline earth metal. Therefore, it takes a considerable amount of time to obtain an emulsion card as compared with the case where both are modified with an organic acid.
[0086]
If the amount of the oil-in-water emulsion is increased, the viscosity of the hamburger dough is apt to decrease, so that the moldability deteriorates, and there is a problem that the dough is difficult to mold depending on the type of molding machine and the working temperature. In addition, since the oil-in-water emulsion has a white color, for example, if this white oil-in-water emulsion is added to processed meat food, the whole product becomes whitish, and chilled products distributed unfired In the group, there is a problem that it is difficult to use due to such a problem in appearance. Therefore, the superiority of the prescription of the present invention was confirmed also in the processed meat food of the chilled product group.
[0087]
[Table 30]
Figure 2004290034
[0088]
The moldability (elasticity) of the hamburger dough was measured by a rheometer (Sun Science Co., Ltd.). The color of the fabric was measured using a spectrophotometer CM3500d (Minolta Co., Ltd.) [Measurement conditions: measurement diameter φ30 mm / specular reflection light treated SCM].
Note: The following evaluation was performed in the table.
<Moldability>
;: Equivalent moldability as compared to Comparative Example 19.
Δ: Moldability is slightly reduced as compared with Comparative Example 19.
X: The moldability is significantly reduced as compared with Comparative Example 19.
[0089]
Based on the moldability of Comparative Example 19, as is clear from Table 30, Example 15 had the same moldability (elasticity) as that of Comparative Example 19 as an additive-free product. The hamburger dough of chilled products is whitened due to the white color peculiar to the oil-in-water emulsion, but the oil-in-water emulsion is pre-agglomerated with an organic acid to modify the okara emulsion composition. Thus, the whitening of the hamburger dough was suppressed. In addition, the color of the hamburger dough for chilling was much less white than in Comparative Example 18. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 18, the whiteness was noticeable, and the moldability of the fabric was lower than in Comparative Example 19.
[0090]
From the above results, the hamburger dough of the chilled product is whitened due to the white color peculiar to the oil-in-water emulsion, but the oil-in-water emulsion is pre-agglomerated with an organic acid to form an okara emulsion composition. By denaturing the material, the whitening of the hamburger dough was suppressed.
[0091]
Test Example 9; << Example 16; Preparation of Sardine Tsumire >>
To 80.0 parts of sardine surimi, 5.0 parts by weight of an okara emulsion card (formulation example [45]) obtained by coagulating an oil-in-water emulsion with an organic acid was added and kneaded. And then kneading. Further, 5.0 parts of green onion, 3.0 parts of chicken egg, 2.0 parts of ginger, 1.5 parts of flour, 1.5 parts of miso, and 1.0 part of cooking liquor were added and kneaded to obtain a sardine clam.
This was rounded to a size of about 25 g, boiled in boiling water containing salt for 4 minutes, and subjected to sensory evaluation by sampling. For sensory evaluation, seven panelists evaluated the texture (juicy feeling, soft feeling) according to the following criteria.
The results are shown in Table 31.
[0092]
[Table 31]
Figure 2004290034
[0093]
Regarding the sensory evaluation of the product, the texture (juicy feeling, soft feeling) of the cooked sardines was evaluated by seven panelists using the same sensory evaluation method as the hamburg examination experiment. The evaluation of the tasting performed was performed on a four-point scale (0 to 3) for juicy feeling and soft feeling, and the average value (rounded to the second decimal place) was calculated. And excellent soft feeling)
The evaluation criteria of the juicy feeling and the evaluation of the soft feeling in Table 31 are as follows.
<Evaluation criteria for juicy feeling>
3 points: A very juicy feeling is felt.
2 points: considerably improved, with a juicy feeling.
1 point: The juicy feeling has been improved to some extent, but it is still insufficient.
0: Lack of juicy feeling.
<Evaluation criteria for soft feeling>
3 points: Hardness is remarkably improved and extremely soft.
2 points: considerably improved and soft.
1 point: Hardness was slightly improved, but still hard.
0 point: Hard overall and lacks soft feeling.
[0094]
From the above results, on the other hand, the method for producing a processed meat food according to the present invention has a reduced drip during cooking of processed foods such as hamburgers and garnishes, can improve the yield, and can improve the texture and flavor. Since the improvement effect is high and good, it can be seen that the processed meat product is of excellent quality.

Claims (6)

次の工程1、2および3を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程1;食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質またはペプチドを1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液を得る。
工程2;水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液と、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸及びアスコルビン酸からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上の有機酸を混合して、凝集させて得られるエマルションカードを得る。
工程3;前記のエマルションカードと挽肉とを混合して食肉加工食品を得る。
A process for producing processed meat food, comprising performing the following steps 1, 2 and 3.
Step 1: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 5 to 60% by weight of edible fat and oil and 1 to 5% by weight of protein or peptide is obtained.
Step 2: An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion is mixed with one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid, and aggregated. An emulsion card is obtained.
Step 3: mixing the above-mentioned emulsion curd and ground meat to obtain a processed meat food.
請求項1記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程4、5および6を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程4;前記工程3の後、加熱処理する。
工程5;前記工程4の後、冷凍処理する。
工程6;前記工程5の後、再加熱処理する。
A method for producing a processed meat food, further comprising the following steps 4, 5 and 6 in addition to the method for producing a processed meat food according to claim 1.
Step 4: After the step 3, a heat treatment is performed.
Step 5: After the step 4, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 6: After the step 5, a reheating treatment is performed.
請求項1記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法にさらに次の工程7および8を行うことを特徴とする食肉加工食品の製造方法。
工程7;前記工程3の後、冷凍処理する。
工程8;前記工程4の後、加熱処理する。
A method for producing a processed meat food, further comprising the following steps 7 and 8 in addition to the method for producing a processed meat food according to claim 1.
Step 7: After the step 3, a freezing treatment is performed.
Step 8: After the step 4, heat treatment is performed.
請求項1の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品または請求項2記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品が、ハンバーグである食肉加工食品。A processed meat food, wherein the processed meat food obtained by the method for producing processed meat food of claim 1 or the processed meat food obtained by the method of manufacturing processed meat food according to claim 2 is a hamburger. 請求項1または2記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法で得られる食肉加工食品に用いる水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液であって、食用油脂を5〜60重量%と、タンパク質またはペプチドを1〜5重量%含有した水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液。An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion used for processed meat food obtained by the method for producing processed meat food according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the edible oil and fat are 5 to 60% by weight, a protein or An oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water dispersion containing 1 to 5% by weight of a peptide. 請求項1または2記載の食肉加工食品の製造方法に使用される水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液のタンパク質またはペプチドが乳タンパク質およびカゼインナトリウムである請求項4記載の水中油滴型乳化液もしくは水中油滴型分散液。The oil-in-water droplet according to claim 4, wherein the protein or peptide of the oil-in-water emulsion or the oil-in-water dispersion used in the method for producing processed meat food according to claim 1 or 2 is milk protein and sodium caseinate. Emulsion or oil-in-water dispersion.
JP2003084440A 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Method for producing meat processed food Pending JP2004290034A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003084440A JP2004290034A (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Method for producing meat processed food

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003084440A JP2004290034A (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Method for producing meat processed food

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004290034A true JP2004290034A (en) 2004-10-21

Family

ID=33399611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003084440A Pending JP2004290034A (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Method for producing meat processed food

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2004290034A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160113540A (en) 2015-03-22 2016-09-30 주식회사 부앤부식품 Processed meat and a manufacturing method thereof
KR20210036505A (en) 2019-09-26 2021-04-05 농업회사법인(주)명성포크 Processed meat and a manufacturing method thereof

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5459363A (en) * 1977-08-25 1979-05-12 Blue Wing Corp Improved fat containing feed supplent and food
JPS59125849A (en) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-20 Ajinomoto Co Inc Preparation of processed food of cattle or fish meat
JPH01179667A (en) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-17 Toyo Jozo Co Ltd Paste product of low-fat meat and preparation thereof
JPH01199560A (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-08-10 Fuji Oil Co Ltd Production of material for masking smell of meat product of poultry, animal, fish and shellfish
JPH01262756A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-19 Ajinomoto Co Inc Frozen soybean protein emulsion curd
JPH02171159A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-02 Fuji Oil Co Ltd Preparation of processed meat food
JPH02227053A (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-10 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Production of marbled edible meat
JPH03183445A (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-08-09 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd O/w type emulsion composition
JPH05103632A (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-27 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Production of minced meat processed product and emulsion
JPH05176721A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-07-20 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Production of processed ground meat
JPH05252908A (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-10-05 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Meat product and its production
JPH05261261A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-10-12 ▲禮▼二 ▲吉▼中 Production of emulsion and emulsion
JPH06245710A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-06 Ajinomoto Co Inc Production of soybean protein emulsion curd
JPH0833465A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-02-06 Ajinomoto Co Inc Patty using fish or shellfish
JPH10235182A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-09-08 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Freeze-resistant and microwave heating-resistant emulsified fat of oil in water type
JP2002125589A (en) * 2000-10-19 2002-05-08 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Cheese like food and method for producing the same
JP2002204664A (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-23 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Skin for chinese dessert

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5459363A (en) * 1977-08-25 1979-05-12 Blue Wing Corp Improved fat containing feed supplent and food
JPS59125849A (en) * 1982-12-29 1984-07-20 Ajinomoto Co Inc Preparation of processed food of cattle or fish meat
JPH01199560A (en) * 1987-10-21 1989-08-10 Fuji Oil Co Ltd Production of material for masking smell of meat product of poultry, animal, fish and shellfish
JPH01179667A (en) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-17 Toyo Jozo Co Ltd Paste product of low-fat meat and preparation thereof
JPH01262756A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-19 Ajinomoto Co Inc Frozen soybean protein emulsion curd
JPH02171159A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-02 Fuji Oil Co Ltd Preparation of processed meat food
JPH02227053A (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-10 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Production of marbled edible meat
JPH03183445A (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-08-09 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd O/w type emulsion composition
JPH05103632A (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-27 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Production of minced meat processed product and emulsion
JPH05176721A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-07-20 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Production of processed ground meat
JPH05252908A (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-10-05 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Meat product and its production
JPH05261261A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-10-12 ▲禮▼二 ▲吉▼中 Production of emulsion and emulsion
JPH06245710A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-06 Ajinomoto Co Inc Production of soybean protein emulsion curd
JPH0833465A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-02-06 Ajinomoto Co Inc Patty using fish or shellfish
JPH10235182A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-09-08 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Freeze-resistant and microwave heating-resistant emulsified fat of oil in water type
JP2002125589A (en) * 2000-10-19 2002-05-08 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Cheese like food and method for producing the same
JP2002204664A (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-23 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Skin for chinese dessert

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160113540A (en) 2015-03-22 2016-09-30 주식회사 부앤부식품 Processed meat and a manufacturing method thereof
KR20210036505A (en) 2019-09-26 2021-04-05 농업회사법인(주)명성포크 Processed meat and a manufacturing method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3585848B2 (en) Emulsion for processed meat and processed meat using it
JP4655933B2 (en) Oil-in-water emulsion composition
JPH09197A (en) Sesame-containing liquid seasoning
JP5740926B2 (en) Paste product and its manufacturing method
JP5696661B2 (en) Manufacturing method of paste products
JP7027192B2 (en) Cream croquette and its manufacturing method
JP3855743B2 (en) Composition for processing meat, emulsified dispersion for processing meat and processed meat
JPH045421B2 (en)
JP2004290034A (en) Method for producing meat processed food
JPH03183445A (en) O/w type emulsion composition
JPH01179667A (en) Paste product of low-fat meat and preparation thereof
JP2022088239A (en) Fat composition
JP2022056235A (en) Oil-in-water type emulsified oil and fat composition, and plant raw material-containing substitutional meat processed food
JP2001000118A (en) Emulsion composition for improving palatability
JPH08173074A (en) Batter liquid for fried food
JP2020036584A (en) Modifier for protein containing sol-like food product
JP2782373B2 (en) Dressing using frozen protein gel and method for producing the same
JPH05103632A (en) Production of minced meat processed product and emulsion
WO2023210637A1 (en) Meat-like food product modifier and meat-like food product
JP2975050B2 (en) Heat-resistant cooking cream and method for producing the same
JP4390327B2 (en) Batter liquid
JPS623767A (en) Chicken skin composition
JP2007117036A (en) Soybean protein modifier and modified soybean protein
JP2003038096A (en) Tofu-including oil composition and food using the same
KR20230168248A (en) A Fat Substitutes, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME and FOODS COMPRISING THE SAME

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060323

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20081001

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20081104

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20081225

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20081225

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090828

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20091027

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20101012

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20110221