JP2004284858A - Functional substance and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Functional substance and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004284858A
JP2004284858A JP2003077705A JP2003077705A JP2004284858A JP 2004284858 A JP2004284858 A JP 2004284858A JP 2003077705 A JP2003077705 A JP 2003077705A JP 2003077705 A JP2003077705 A JP 2003077705A JP 2004284858 A JP2004284858 A JP 2004284858A
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Prior art keywords
substance
functional substance
sawdust
mixture
garbage
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JP2003077705A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshinori Okuyama
美紀 奥山
Junichi Hosokawa
淳一 細川
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II M S KK
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II M S KK
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Priority to JP2003077705A priority Critical patent/JP2004284858A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a functional substance useful as a deodorant, an adsorbent, a fertilizer, a garbage treating agent or the like by deodorizing livestock excrement. <P>SOLUTION: The functional substance is composed of a substance-just-before-carbonization of a mixture of the excreta of the stock-raising animal with sawdust. Further, roasted rice bran is also preferably mixed. The functional substance prepared by adding/mixing 2-4 pts.wt. substance-just-before-carbonization of the mixture of the excreta of the stock raising animal with the sawdust into a substance-just-before-carbonization of the rice bran of 1 is preferably used. The manufacture is performed by calcining the mixture of the excreta of the stock raising animal with the sawdust under a neutral or reducing atmosphere at 180-550°C to obtain the substance-just before-carbonization. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本願発明は、畜産動物の糞尿の無臭化と有効利用に関し、特にその糞尿と難分解性の製材副産物のおが屑の組合せにより、脱臭剤、吸着剤、肥料、生ゴミ処理剤等として有用な機能性物質を提供する発明に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】養牛、養豚等畜産業における畜産動物の糞尿は、高BODと易腐敗性及び強度の悪臭等を有するためその有効な処理が求められているが、無公害化処理が困難である。
また、製材時に副産するおが屑の有効利用も求められている。
この発明は、前記現状に鑑みて、これらの廃棄物を簡単な方法で処理して無害化し、かつ脱臭剤、吸着剤、肥料、生ゴミ処理剤等として有用な機能性物質を得ることを目的とするものである。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】本願発明は、上記従来技術の課題を下記構成により解決するものである。
(1)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物の炭化直前物質よりなることを特徴とする機能性物質。
(2)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑と米糠の混合物の炭化直前物質よりなることを特徴とする機能性物質。
(3)米糠の炭化直前物質1に対して畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物の炭化直前物質2〜4重量部が加配・混合されてなることを特徴とする機能性物質。
(4)機能性物質が肥料であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1項に記載の肥料。
(5)機能性物質が脱臭剤であることを特徴とする(1)〜(3)のいずれか1項に記載の脱臭剤。
(6)機能性物質が生ゴミを発酵させて分解・減容又は肥料化するための生ゴミ処理剤であることを特徴とする(1)〜(5)のいずれか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤。
(7)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物を中性又は還元雰囲気中で仮焼して炭化直前物質を得ることを特徴とする機能性物質の製造方法。
(8)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑と米糠の混合物を中性又は還元雰囲気中で仮焼して炭化直前物質を得ることを特徴とする機能性物質の製造方法。
(9)仮焼温度が180〜550℃であることを特徴とする前記(7)又は(8)に記載の機能性物質の製造方法。
(10)仮焼方法が過熱水蒸気によることを特徴とする前記(7)〜(9)のいずれか1項に記載の機能性物質の製造方法。
【0004】
【発明の実施の形態】本願発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
本願発明の機能性物質は、下記方法によって製造される。
すなわち、(1)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物、又は(2)畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑と米糠の混合物を、中性又は還元雰囲気中で180〜550℃で仮焼し、好ましくはさらに例えば水蒸気等賦活ガスをあてて賦活化することにより得られる。
【0005】
図1は、本願発明の製造方法の工程を示す説明図である。
(1) [ 糞尿+おが屑]⇒ 仮焼(中性又は還元雰囲気で180〜550℃)⇒徐冷⇒機能性物質(A)
(2) [ 糞尿+おが屑]⇒ 仮焼(中性又は還元雰囲気で180〜550℃)⇒徐冷⇒機能性物質(A)+米糠(焙煎した茶色のもの)⇒機能性物質(B)
糞尿としては、通常牛、豚等の畜産動物のものが使用され、糞と尿の比率は1:0.1〜0.3(重量比)程度である。
すなわち、糞尿は持ち上げた場合、液分が流下しない程度のものとし、それにおが屑を加配、混合するのである。
糞尿とおが屑の混合割合は、1.0:0.2〜5.0(容量比)が好ましい。
おが屑が0.2より少ないと空隙部が少なくなって内部まで加熱が進みにくく、また5.0を越えると相対的に糞尿の消費量が少なくなって効率的でなく、かつ仮焼製品を肥料とした場合、窒素及びリンの含有量が少ない製品となってしまう。
【0006】
上記の糞尿とおが屑の混合物を、例えばロータリキルンに投入し、中性又は還元雰囲気中で180〜550℃の範囲、好ましくは220〜400℃の範囲内で仮焼して、完全炭化までは至らない状態(黒色化直前で少し黒みを帯びる状態)の炭化直前物質を得る。
また、仮焼方法としてはマイクロ波照射による誘電加熱を利用してもよく、さらに高周波誘導加熱を利用して加熱してもよい。
該炭化直前物質は、吸着活性・脱色活性・食品等の有機物分解活性等を有していて、脱臭剤、脱色剤、廃棄食品分解剤等として有用であり、かつ窒素、リン及びカリの植物生長の三要素等を十分に含有していて肥料としても有用である。
なお、上記仮焼した炭化直前物質の活性を増大せしめるには、得られた炭化直前物質に炉内において過熱水蒸気をあてて賦活化してもよく、又は上記糞尿とおが屑の混合物に直接180〜550℃の過熱水蒸気をあてて仮焼してもよい。
【0007】
さらにまた、上記炭化直前物質に米糠の焙煎物を加配したもの(機能性物質(B))は、廃棄食品分解剤として特に好ましいものであるが、その配合比は米糠の炭化直前物質(焙煎物)1に対して畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物の炭化直前物質2〜4(重量部)、特に3(重量部)前後を加配したものが好ましい。
【0008】
【実施例】本願発明の実施例を以下に説明する。
家畜小屋(牛小屋又は豚小屋)から排出された糞尿8kgにおが屑2kgを加えて撹拌混合したもの10kgをロータリキルンに投入して、180〜550℃で炭化直前(黒色化直前で少し黒みを帯びる状態の温度)で40分間加熱した後、徐冷して約7kgの本願発明の機能性物質(A)を取得した。
【0009】
得られた機能性物質(A)1kgに、焙煎した米糠0.3kgを加配混合して、生ゴミ分解剤(機能性物質(B))を製造し、図2にその断面図を示すごとく、ポリバケツ3中の生ゴミ1層の上に生ゴミ分解剤(機能性物質(B))2層を積層状態で積層し、さらに最上部に生ゴミ分解剤2を積層し、生ゴミ分解剤の加配百分率≒10%とし、蓋4をして放置したところ、3分間経過後以降には、悪臭の97%以上が除去され、また減容率は10日後で35%、20日後で60%、30日後で80%であった。よって、上記焙煎米糠を加配したものは生ゴミ分解剤として有用であることが解った。
なお、符号5は堆肥(未だ少し発酵中)である。なお、ポリバケツ3中に投入・積層する生ゴミ1と生ゴミ分解剤2との投入・積層量は、生ゴミ(1)1.5kg〜2.0kgの層の上に生ゴミ分解剤(2)0.1kgを積層することにより行った。
さらに、上記生ゴミを生ゴミ分解剤で分解・減容して得られたものは肥料として有用なものであることが解った。すなわち、その分解・減容して得られたものは(1)窒素全量2.3%、リン酸全量6.6%、カリ全量4.9%、(なお、炭素窒素比=12.6)を含むもの(肥料)であって、その肥料を33%加配した土に、小松菜の種をまき10日後の生長度合いを観察したところ、肥料を加配しない単なる土に小松菜の種をまき10日後のものに比べて、2倍程度の生長度(背丈が約2倍)を示した。
【0010】
上記のごとく、生ゴミ約10kgに本願発明の機能性物質(B)1〜2kgを振りかけるか、又は投入・撹拌することにより瞬時的に消臭効果が発現する。
これを撹拌しながら約30〜40日間放置することによりゴミ等の発酵温度は30〜50℃に達するが、本願発明の機能性物質中には発酵・分解に寄与すると思われる各種微生物が存在し、それにより完全に肥料化(堆肥化)が可能となる。
なお、本願発明の機能性物質の使用においては、好気性分解菌、放線菌、糸状菌等の微生物が見出され。さらに、生成した堆肥中に、無数のミミズが発生し、環境への好影響が期待された。
また、生ゴミ中に発酵ないし分解に係わる特定菌(好熱性放線菌他)が見出されることから本願発明の機能性物質は生ゴミ中の菌類と相俟って発酵・分解に大きく寄与するものと考えられる。
【0011】
【発明の効果】本願発明によれば、畜産動物の糞尿を無臭化でき、かつ脱臭剤、吸着剤、肥料、生ゴミ処理剤等として有用な機能性物質を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本願発明の製造方法の工程を示す説明図である。
【図2】実施例におけるポリバケツ中の生ゴミと本願発明の機能性物質の積層状態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:生ゴミ、
2:生ゴミ分解剤(機能性物質(B))
3:ポリバケツ、
4:蓋、
5:堆肥、
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the deodorization and effective use of manure of livestock animals, and more particularly to the combination of the manure and the sawdust of a hardly decomposable sawdust by-product to treat deodorants, adsorbents, fertilizers and garbage. The present invention relates to an invention for providing a functional substance useful as an agent or the like.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Manure from livestock animals in the livestock industry, such as cattle and swine raising, has a high BOD, a perishable property, and a strong odor. However, pollution control is difficult.
There is also a demand for effective use of sawdust produced as a by-product during lumbering.
In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to treat these wastes by a simple method to render them harmless, and to obtain a functional substance useful as a deodorant, an adsorbent, a fertilizer, a garbage disposal agent, and the like. It is assumed that.
[0003]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art by the following constitutions.
(1) A functional substance comprising a substance immediately before carbonization of a mixture of manure and sawdust of a livestock animal.
(2) A functional substance comprising a substance immediately before carbonization of a mixture of livestock manure, sawdust and rice bran.
(3) A functional substance characterized by adding and mixing 2 to 4 parts by weight of a substance just before carbonization of a mixture of livestock manure and sawdust to substance 1 just before carbonization of rice bran.
(4) The fertilizer according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the functional substance is a fertilizer.
(5) The deodorant according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the functional substance is a deodorant.
(6) The raw material according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the functional substance is a garbage treatment agent for fermenting garbage to decompose, reduce the volume, or turn it into a fertilizer. Garbage disposal agent.
(7) A method for producing a functional substance, comprising calcining a mixture of manure and sawdust of a livestock animal in a neutral or reducing atmosphere to obtain a substance immediately before carbonization.
(8) A method for producing a functional substance, which comprises calcining a mixture of livestock manure, sawdust and rice bran in a neutral or reducing atmosphere to obtain a substance immediately before carbonization.
(9) The method for producing a functional substance according to (7) or (8), wherein the calcination temperature is 180 to 550 ° C.
(10) The method for producing a functional substance according to any one of (7) to (9), wherein the calcining method is performed using superheated steam.
[0004]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The functional substance of the present invention is produced by the following method.
That is, (1) a mixture of livestock manure and manure and sawdust, or (2) a mixture of livestock manure and manure and sawdust and rice bran is calcined at 180 to 550 ° C. in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, preferably further for example, It is obtained by activating by activating an activation gas such as steam.
[0005]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the steps of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
(1) [excrement + sawdust] ⇒ Calcination (180-550 ° C in neutral or reducing atmosphere) ⇒ Slow cooling ⇒ Functional substance (A)
(2) [excrement + sawdust] ⇒ Calcination (180-550 ° C in neutral or reducing atmosphere) ⇒ Slow cooling ⇒ Functional substance (A) + rice bran (roasted brown) ⇒ Functional substance (B)
As the manure, livestock animals such as cows and pigs are usually used, and the ratio of feces to urine is about 1: 0.1 to 0.3 (weight ratio).
That is, when the manure is lifted, the liquid content is such that the liquid does not flow down, and the sawdust is added and mixed therewith.
The mixing ratio of manure and sawdust is preferably 1.0: 0.2 to 5.0 (volume ratio).
If the amount of sawdust is less than 0.2, voids are reduced and heating is difficult to progress to the inside, and if it exceeds 5.0, the consumption of manure is relatively small and inefficient, and the calcined product is used as a fertilizer. In this case, the product has a low content of nitrogen and phosphorus.
[0006]
The above-mentioned mixture of manure and sawdust is put into, for example, a rotary kiln, and calcined in a neutral or reducing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of 180 to 550 ° C., preferably 220 to 400 ° C. to complete carbonization. A substance just before carbonization is obtained in an absent state (a state slightly blackened just before blackening).
In addition, as the calcination method, dielectric heating by microwave irradiation may be used, and heating may be performed using high-frequency induction heating.
The substance immediately before carbonization has an adsorption activity, a decolorizing activity, an activity of decomposing organic substances such as foods, and is useful as a deodorant, a decolorizing agent, a waste food decomposing agent, and the like, and grows plants of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. And also useful as fertilizer.
In order to increase the activity of the calcined material immediately before carbonization, the obtained material immediately before carbonization may be activated by irradiating superheated steam in a furnace, or directly into the mixture of manure and sawdust by 180 to 550. It may be calcined by applying superheated steam at ℃.
[0007]
Furthermore, a product obtained by adding a roasted rice bran to the above-mentioned substance just before carbonization (functional substance (B)) is particularly preferable as a waste food decomposing agent, but its compounding ratio is such that the substance just before carbonization of rice bran (roasting) is used. It is preferable that 2 to 4 (parts by weight), especially about 3 (parts by weight) of the mixture of livestock animal manure and sawdust immediately before carbonization is added to 1 (decoction).
[0008]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
Add 8 kg of manure discharged from a livestock hut (cow or pig hut), add 2 kg of sawdust, stir and mix, and put 10 kg into a rotary kiln. After heating at 40 ° C. for 40 minutes, the resultant was gradually cooled to obtain about 7 kg of the functional substance (A) of the present invention.
[0009]
0.3 kg of roasted rice bran was added and mixed with 1 kg of the obtained functional substance (A) to produce a garbage decomposing agent (functional substance (B)), and its cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. And two layers of garbage decomposer (functional substance (B)) are laminated on one layer of garbage in the plastic bucket 3, and further, the garbage decomposer 2 is laminated on the uppermost part. When the lid 4 was left standing with the lid 4, 97% or more of the odor was removed after 3 minutes, and the volume reduction rate was 35% after 10 days and 60% after 20 days. 80% after 30 days. Therefore, it was found that the one to which the roasted rice bran was added was useful as a garbage decomposing agent.
Reference numeral 5 indicates a compost (still slightly fermented). The amount of the garbage 1 and the garbage decomposer 2 to be charged and stacked in the plastic bucket 3 is such that the amount of the garbage decomposer (2) is set on the 1.5 to 2.0 kg layer of the garbage (1). ) By laminating 0.1 kg.
Furthermore, it turned out that what was obtained by decomposing and reducing the volume of the garbage with a garbage decomposing agent was useful as a fertilizer. That is, the product obtained by decomposing and reducing the volume was (1) 2.3% of total nitrogen, 6.6% of total phosphoric acid, 4.9% of total potassium, (the carbon-nitrogen ratio = 12.6). (Fertilizer) containing 33% of the fertilizer, sowed the seeds of Komatsuna on the soil 10 days after sowing. It showed about twice the growth rate (height about twice as high) as that of the one.
[0010]
As described above, sprinkling 1-2 kg of the functional substance (B) of the present invention on about 10 kg of garbage, or putting and stirring the same, instantaneously exerts a deodorizing effect.
The fermentation temperature of garbage and the like reaches 30 to 50 ° C. by leaving the mixture for about 30 to 40 days with stirring. However, in the functional substance of the present invention, there are various microorganisms which are thought to contribute to fermentation and decomposition. , Which makes it possible to completely turn it into fertilizer (composting).
In the use of the functional substance of the present invention, microorganisms such as aerobic decomposition bacteria, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi are found. In addition, countless earthworms were generated in the compost produced, which was expected to have a favorable effect on the environment.
In addition, since specific bacteria (thermophilic actinomycetes, etc.) involved in fermentation or decomposition are found in garbage, the functional substance of the present invention, in combination with fungi in garbage, greatly contributes to fermentation and decomposition. it is conceivable that.
[0011]
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a functional substance which can deodorize livestock manure and is useful as a deodorant, an adsorbent, a fertilizer, a garbage disposal agent and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing steps of a manufacturing method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a stacking state of garbage in a polybucket and a functional substance of the present invention in an example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: garbage,
2: Garbage decomposer (functional substance (B))
3: Poly bucket,
4: lid,
5: compost,

Claims (10)

畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物の炭化直前物質よりなることを特徴とする機能性物質。A functional substance comprising a substance just before carbonization of a mixture of manure and sawdust of livestock animals. 畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑と米糠の混合物の炭化直前物質よりなることを特徴とする機能性物質。A functional substance comprising a substance immediately before carbonization of a mixture of livestock manure, sawdust and rice bran. 米糠の炭化直前物質1に対して畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物の炭化直前物質2〜4重量部が加配・混合されてなることを特徴とする機能性物質。A functional substance characterized by adding and mixing 2 to 4 parts by weight of a substance just before carbonization of a mixture of livestock manure and sawdust to substance 1 just before carbonization of rice bran. 機能性物質が肥料であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の肥料。The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the functional substance is a fertilizer. 機能性物質が脱臭剤であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の脱臭剤。The deodorant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the functional substance is a deodorant. 機能性物質が生ゴミを発酵させて分解・減容又は肥料化するための生ゴミ処理剤であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の生ゴミ処理剤。The garbage treating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the functional substance is a garbage treating agent for fermenting garbage to be decomposed, reduced in volume, or made into a fertilizer. 畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑の混合物を中性又は還元雰囲気中で仮焼して炭化直前物質を得ることを特徴とする機能性物質の製造方法。A method for producing a functional substance, comprising calcining a mixture of livestock manure and sawdust in a neutral or reducing atmosphere to obtain a substance immediately before carbonization. 畜産動物の糞尿とおが屑と米糠の混合物を中性又は還元雰囲気中で仮焼して炭化直前物質を得ることを特徴とする機能性物質の製造方法。A method for producing a functional substance, comprising calcining a mixture of livestock manure, sawdust, and rice bran in a neutral or reducing atmosphere to obtain a substance immediately before carbonization. 仮焼温度が180〜550℃であることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の機能性物質の製造方法。The method for producing a functional substance according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the calcination temperature is 180 to 550 ° C. 仮焼方法が過熱水蒸気によることを特徴とする請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の機能性物質の製造方法。The method for producing a functional substance according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the calcining method is performed using superheated steam.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2010221982B2 (en) * 2009-03-13 2013-07-18 Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd. A reducing mixture derived from microorganisms which has an oxidation-reduction potential of 0mV or less, and production method for same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2010221982B2 (en) * 2009-03-13 2013-07-18 Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd. A reducing mixture derived from microorganisms which has an oxidation-reduction potential of 0mV or less, and production method for same
US9193635B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2015-11-24 Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd. Reducing mixture derived from microorganisms which has an oxidation-reduction potential of 0 mV or less, and production method for same

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