JP2004280008A - Apparatus and program for automatic accompaniment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic accompaniment apparatus capable of determining proper chords for an introduction section. <P>SOLUTION: The automatic accompaniment device has a detection means of detecting a chord having a tonic function from chord information included in music data and a generation means of generating chord information corresponding to the introduction section of the music data according to the detected chord having the tonic function. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment apparatus and an automatic accompaniment program, and more particularly, to an automatic accompaniment apparatus and an automatic accompaniment program for automatically providing accompaniment to music data.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known an automatic accompaniment apparatus that automatically gives an accompaniment to music data when reproducing music data such as MIDI data. For example, there is a combination of sections in an accompaniment style stored in advance when creating accompaniment data of music data. The accompaniment style includes an intro section used for an introduction part of music data, a main section used for a main part (main part) of music data, an ending section used for an ending part, and the like. To create the accompaniment data, an intro section is arranged before the start position of the music data, a main section is arranged from the start position to the end position of the music data, and an ending section is arranged after the end position. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1.)
Also, by analyzing the music data for creating the accompaniment data, a section sequence of the chord progression and the accompaniment style of the music data is automatically generated, and an intro section and an ending section are added before and after the music data. (For example, see Patent Document 2.)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 2828119 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 3327188 [0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus, a chord corresponding to a music main body is determined based on chord information included in music data. However, since the intro section is played before the start of the music data, the music data often does not include chord information corresponding to the intro section. In such a case, the code corresponding to the intro section is determined, for example, by using the first code of the music body (the first code of the music data) as the first code of the intro section.
[0005]
In the above method, the first chord of the music data is not always suitable for starting the intro section. Therefore, if the chord corresponding to the intro section is determined based on the first chord of the music data, unstable automatic accompaniment may occur, such as a change in tonality when moving from the intro section to the main section.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic accompaniment device that can determine an appropriate chord for an intro section.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to one aspect of the present invention, an automatic accompaniment apparatus includes a detecting unit configured to detect a chord having a tonic function from chord information included in music data, and the music data based on the detected code having a tonic function. Generating means for generating code information corresponding to the intro section of (i).
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an automatic accompaniment device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0009]
To the bus 10 of the automatic accompaniment device 1, a RAM 11, a ROM 12, a CPU 13, a detection circuit 15, a display circuit 18, an external storage device 20, a sound source circuit 21, an effect circuit 22, and a communication interface 26 are connected.
[0010]
The user can make various settings using the setting operator 17 connected to the detection circuit 15. The setting operator 17 may be any device such as a mouse, a character input keyboard, a cursor key, a switch, a joystick, a jog shuttle, or the like, as long as it can output a signal according to a user input.
[0011]
The setting operator 17 may be a software switch or the like displayed on the display unit 19 operated by using another operator such as a mouse. In this embodiment, as described later, an input operation is performed by selecting various buttons displayed on the display unit 19 with a cursor key, a mouse, or the like.
[0012]
The display circuit 18 is connected to the display unit 19 and can display various information on the display unit 19.
[0013]
The external storage device 20 can store various parameters, various data, programs for implementing the present embodiment, music data MD (FIG. 2), accompaniment style data SS (FIG. 3), and the like.
[0014]
The RAM 11 has a working area of the CPU 13 for storing flags, registers or buffers, various parameters, and the like. The ROM 12 can store various parameters and control programs, programs for implementing the present embodiment, and the like. The CPU 13 performs calculation or control according to a control program or the like stored in the ROM 12 or the external storage device 20.
[0015]
The timer 14 is connected to the CPU 13 and supplies a basic clock signal, interrupt processing timing, and the like to the CPU 13.
[0016]
The tone generator circuit 21 receives music data MD (FIG. 2) and accompaniment style data SS (FIG. 3) recorded in the external storage device 20 and the like, MIDI signals supplied from the external device 2 connected to the communication interface 26, and the like. A tone signal is generated in accordance with the performance signal and supplied to the sound system 23 via the effect circuit 22.
[0017]
The effect circuit 22 gives various effects to the digital tone signal supplied from the tone generator 21. The sound system 23 includes a D / A converter and a speaker, converts a supplied digital tone signal into an analog format, and generates a sound.
[0018]
The communication interface 26 can be connected to a communication network such as a LAN (local area network), the Internet, or a telephone line, and can be connected to a server computer via the communication network. Further, the communication interface 26 can be connected to an electronic musical instrument, other musical instruments, audio equipment, a computer, or the like, and may include at least an interface capable of transmitting and receiving MIDI signals. In this case, the communication interface 26 is not limited to a dedicated MIDI interface, and may be configured using a general-purpose interface such as RS-232C, USB (Universal Serial Bus), or IEEE 1394 (Itriple 1394).
[0019]
The external device 2 is an audio device connected to the communication interface 26, another electronic music device such as a musical instrument, or a computer connected via a communication network. The form in which the external device 2 is an electronic music device is not limited to a keyboard instrument, but may be a string instrument type, a wind instrument type, a percussion instrument type, or the like. Further, the sound source device, the automatic performance device, and the like are not limited to those built in one electronic musical instrument main body, but each device is a separate device, and each device is connected using communication means such as MIDI or various networks. There may be.
[0020]
The communication interface 26 is not limited to a wired one, and may be a wireless one. Also, both may be provided.
[0021]
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the format of the music data MD according to the present embodiment. The music data MD is automatic performance data such as MIDI data, for example, and includes header information HC, performance data PD, a style section SS, a chord sequence CS, and the like.
[0022]
In the header information HC, for example, information such as an initial volume value, an initial tempo value, a track timbre, and effect settings are recorded. In the music data MD of this embodiment, key information (Key Signature) KS indicating the key of the music corresponding to the music data MD is recorded in the header information HC. The key information KS may be recorded with a key name such as “CMaj” or “Amin”, a key number such as “♯” or “♭”, the number of the key numbers, and Maj or min (major or min. (Monotonic).
[0023]
The performance data PD has, for example, a plurality of tracks TR of tracks 1 to n. Each track TR includes timing data TM and event data EV indicating an event to be reproduced at the timing represented by the timing data TM. Be composed.
[0024]
The timing data TM is data representing the time to process various events represented by the event data EV. In this embodiment, the timing data TM is represented by the number of measures, the number of beats in the measure, and the number of clocks in the beat (measure: beat: clock). The processing time of an event may be represented by an absolute time from the start of the performance, or may be represented by a relative time which is an elapsed time from a previous event.
[0025]
The event data EV is data representing the contents of various events for reproducing music. The events include a note event (note data) representing a note directly related to the generation of a song that is a combination of a note-on event and a note-off event, and a pitch change event (pitch bend event), a tempo change event, a tone change event, and the like. A setting event for setting the reproduction mode of the music is included. Each note event records a pitch, a note length (gate time), a volume (velocity), and the like.
[0026]
The style section SS is sequence data for designating the section of the accompaniment style data. Like the track TR of the performance data PD, the style section SS includes the timing data TM and the accompaniment style data to be reproduced at the timing represented by the timing data TM. It is configured to include event data EV representing a section.
[0027]
The code sequence CS is sequence data for recording, as a code event, code information indicating the chord progression of the music data MD. Like the track TR of the performance data PD, the timing data TM and the music data at the timing represented by the timing data TM are recorded. It is configured to include a code event (event data EV) representing MD code information.
[0028]
Note that the style section SS and the code sequence CS may be stored in the same track as a master track.
[0029]
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a format of the accompaniment style data SD according to the present embodiment. The accompaniment style data SD is, for example, automatic performance data conforming to the SMF (Standard MIDI File) format, and includes header information HC and a plurality of sections such as an intro section IT, a main section MN, and an ending section ED. . The accompaniment style data SD corresponds to music genres such as jazz, rock, and classical music, and a plurality of types are prepared for each genre, and are identified by accompaniment style names.
[0030]
The header information HC is setting information of the entire accompaniment style data including the accompaniment style name, time signature information, tempo information, and the like of the accompaniment style data.
[0031]
The intro section IT is a section that is played before the first note event EV of the performance data PD, the main section MN is a section that is played simultaneously with the performance data PD, and the ending section ED is a section that is played at the end of the performance data PD. Is a section performed after the note event EV. The intro section IT may be played before the first note event EV of the track TR (melody part) corresponding to the melody part among the tracks TR of the performance data PD. The ending section ED may be played after the last note event EV of the melody part.
[0032]
Each section (intro section IT, main section MN, ending section ED) is configured to include setting information SI and pattern data PT.
[0033]
The sections included in the accompaniment style data SD are not limited to those described above, and may include sections corresponding to other parts of the music, such as a fill-in section and an interlude section. Further, for example, a plurality of types of sections may be prepared, such as intro A and intro B.
[0034]
The setting information SI includes a section name (intro, main, ending, etc.) of each section, the number of measures (for example, one measure, four measures, eight measures, etc.), and setting information for each part.
[0035]
The pattern data PT includes a note event that is a source of actual accompaniment data. The format of the pattern data PT is the same as the performance data PD of the music data MD. The pattern data PT includes a plurality of tracks such as a track for performing a chord accompaniment, a track for performing an accompaniment using a bass sound, and a rhythm track. In the pattern data PT, the accompaniment data of each track other than the rhythm track is created based on a predetermined code, and is converted at the time of performance according to the code information specified in the code sequence CS. For example, the predetermined chord is C major, and the pitch in the accompaniment data is converted so as to match the chord specified during the performance. The predetermined chord of the accompaniment data may be fixed or variable.
[0036]
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an outline of an intro code determination process according to the present embodiment. This figure shows a list of style sections SS and chord sequences CS in the music data MD of FIG. The left column shows the timing TM, and the right column shows the event EV to be executed at the timing TM.
[0037]
The upper diagram shows a list of style sections SS and code sequences CS before executing the intro code determination process according to the present embodiment. The style section SS and the chord sequence CS are added to the performance data PD in the music data MD of FIG. 2 by a well-known automatic accompaniment addition function, for example, an auto arranger (registered trademark) or the like. At this time, in the conventional processing, Dm7, which is the code at the start position of the performance data PD, is selected as the code for the intro section.
[0038]
The lower diagram shows a list of the style section SS and the code sequence CS ′ when the intro code determination processing according to the present embodiment is performed on the upper style section SS and the code sequence CS.
[0039]
In the intro code determination processing of the present embodiment, for example, a code event having a tonic function in the code sequence CS is searched, and the last code event (CMaj in the figure) among the searched code events is detected. On the other hand, a valid key is determined for the intro section, and the key information is corrected according to the type of the detected chord event, and the same chord event as the detected chord event having the root of the I degree of the key in the corrected key information is used. Is generated as a code for the intro section.
[0040]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the intro code determination process according to the present embodiment.
[0041]
At step SA1, an intro code determination process is started. In step SA2, a user setting for performing the intro code determination process is performed. The user settings here include, for example, selection of music data MD to be processed, selection and generation of an accompaniment style (accompaniment style data) (automatic or manual), preparation of a code sequence CS (use of an existing code sequence, code Automatically generating a sequence or manually creating a code sequence by a user).
[0042]
In step SA3, a buffer Chord prepared in the RAM 11 of FIG. 1 is initialized.
[0043]
In step SA4, key information KS is obtained. The acquisition of the key information KS is performed, for example, by detecting the key information KS from the music data MD selected in step SA2. Further, for example, input by a user, automatic detection from performance data PD, and the like are possible. The key information KS acquired here is a key valid in the intro section. That is, the key is valid at the head of the performance data PD.
[0044]
In step SA5, one code event is read from the code sequence (created in step SA2 or previously included in the music data MD). In step SA6, it is determined whether or not there is a code event read in step SA5. If there is a code event, the process proceeds to Step SA7 indicated by a YES arrow. If there is no code event, it is determined that the end of the code sequence has been reached, and the flow advances to step SA9 indicated by a NO arrow.
[0045]
In step SA7, it is determined whether or not the code event read in step SA5 is a tonic code having a tonic function. Here, the tonic function is a chord having a sense of end as considered in general music theory. For example, the tonic function is a chord having a root of the I-degree sound in a certain key, or VI. This is a chord whose root is the third and third sounds. If it is a tonic code, the process proceeds to step SA8 indicated by a YES arrow, and if it is not a tonic code, the process returns to step SA5 indicated by a NO arrow.
[0046]
At step SA8, the value of the code event read at step SA5 is stored in the buffer Chord. Thereafter, the flow returns to step SA5.
[0047]
At Step SA9, it is determined whether or not the buffer Chord is in the initial state. If it is in the initial state, the flow advances to step SA14 indicated by a YES arrow to output a message indicating that there is no code event, and the flow advances to step SA15 to end the intro code determination process. At this time, a default code event may be generated, and the code event may be inserted at a valid position in the range of the intro section.
[0048]
If it is not in the initial state, that is, if the value of the code event read out in step SA5 is stored in step SA8, the process proceeds to step SA10 indicated by a NO arrow.
[0049]
In step SA10, it is determined whether or not the code event stored in the buffer Chord is of the Maj type. If the code event is of the Maj type, the process proceeds to step SA11 indicated by a YES arrow. If the code event is not the Maj system, that is, if the code event is the min system, the process proceeds to step SA12 indicated by a NO arrow.
[0050]
The determination as to whether the code event is a Maj system or a Min system in step SA10 is made using, for example, a code event classification table shown in FIG. The code event classification table is a table for classifying a code event into one of a Maj system and a min system, and a code type to be classified is recorded in each of the Maj system and the min system. For example, "Maj", "Maj6", "Maj7", "7th", etc. are classified as Maj-type code events. For example, "min", "min6", "min7", "min @ 5", "minMaj7", and the like are classified as min-related code events. The code event classification table may allow the user to edit the code type such as adding a code type. Alternatively, only the code type of either the Maj system or the min system may be recorded, and a code event that does not conform to the recording may be determined to be a code event of the other system.
[0051]
Further, whether the chord event is a Maj system or a Min system in step SA10 is determined by determining whether the distance between the root (root note) of the constituent sound of the chord indicated by the chord event and the third sound is major third or minor three. It may be determined based on the degree.
[0052]
Returning to FIG. 5, in step SA11, the key information KS acquired in step SA4 is corrected to the Maj key. This utilizes the property that the last chord of the music indicates tonality. In this case, the final chord of the chord sequence is determined to be Maj-based in step SA10, and thus the key of the music data MD is changed. This is a process of adjusting the information KS to the tonality of the final code. Thereafter, the flow advances to step SA13. In step SA12, for the same reason as in step SA11, the key information KS obtained in step SA4 is corrected to the min key.
[0053]
The correction of the key information KS in steps SA11 and SA12 is performed with reference to, for example, a key information correction table shown in FIG. The key information correction table in FIG. 7 records the same key signature and the key names of the Maj key and the Min key for each number. Modification of the key information from the Maj key to the Min key is the same for the same key key. This is done by referring to a sequence of numbers.
[0054]
Returning to FIG. 5, in step SA13, a chord of the same chord type as the chord event stored in the buffer Chord is used as the root for the note name of the I degree in the key modified in step SA11 or SA12. Is generated as a code event, and is added to a portion corresponding to the intro section of the code sequence (a position valid in the range of the intro section). If a code event already exists in a portion corresponding to the intro section of the code sequence, the code event is invalidated or overwritten with the code event generated in step SA13. Thereafter, the flow advances to step SA15 to end the intro code determination process.
[0055]
As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the last chord event in the music data MD, for example, is detected from the chord sequence, and if the detected chord event has a tonic function, The key information KS can be corrected based on the key information KS, and a code event for the intro section can be generated based on the corrected key information KS and the detected code event.
[0056]
Therefore, the automatic accompaniment data of the intro section can be made to have a stable audibility. Further, the connection between the intro section and the next section (for example, the main section) can be made natural.
[0057]
Further, not only the usage of the chords in the music data is analyzed as described above, but also the key information is taken into consideration, so that it is possible to determine a chord that can obtain a more stable audibility.
[0058]
Further, according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the tonality (Maj or min) of the key information in the music data is not appropriate, for example, when the music data is created based on the music score, the sharpness, flatness, etc. When key information is input based on only the number of key signatures and the key information is opposite to the actual key, the use of chords in the song data is The code can be determined. Therefore, it is possible to determine a code that can provide a stable hearing.
[0059]
In addition, when it is clear that the last chord event of the music data MD is a chord having a tonic function, the above-described intro chord determination processing can be simplified. FIG. 8 shows an example of the processing in that case.
[0060]
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an intro code determination process according to a modification of the present embodiment.
[0061]
The processing from step SB1 to step SB8 is the same as the processing from step SA1 to step SA9 in FIG. 5 except that step SA4 in FIG. 5 is omitted, and a description thereof will be omitted. Further, the processing in step SB10 is the same as the processing in step SA14.
[0062]
A step SB9 adds the code event stored in the buffer Chord as a code event for the intro section to a portion corresponding to the intro section of the code sequence (a position valid in the range of the intro section). If a code event already exists in a portion corresponding to the intro section of the code sequence, the code event is invalidated or overwritten with the code event determined in step SB9. After that, the process proceeds to Step SB11 to end the intro code determination process.
[0063]
That is, in this modification, the processing of steps SA10 to SA12 in FIG. 5 is simplified, and the last code of the music data PD (code sequence) is determined as the code of the intro section. That is, in this modification, the last code is assumed to be a code having a tonic function, and the last code is used as the code of the intro section. Therefore, the process of determining whether the code event has a tonic function in step SB6 can be omitted.
[0064]
As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention and the modified example thereof, by analyzing music data, it is possible to automatically determine a code such that the automatic accompaniment data of the intro section has a stable audibility.
[0065]
In the above-described embodiment and its modified example, the description has been made assuming that there is no modulation in the music. However, if there is the modulation, step SA13 or step SA13 is performed so as to match the key at the beginning of the music (range of the intro section). The code event generated in SB9 may be transposed.
[0066]
Note that the automatic accompaniment device 1 of the present embodiment is not limited to the form of an electronic musical instrument, and may be applied to a karaoke device, a game device, a portable communication terminal such as a mobile phone, or an automatic performance piano. When applied to a portable communication terminal, not only the case where the specified function is completed only with the terminal, but also a part of the function is provided on the server side, and the predetermined function is realized as the whole system consisting of the terminal and the server You may make it.
[0067]
Further, the sound source device, the automatic performance device, and the like are not limited to those built in one electronic musical instrument main body, but each device is a separate device, and each device is connected using communication means such as MIDI or various networks. There may be.
[0068]
Further, the present embodiment may be implemented by a commercially available computer or the like in which a computer program or the like corresponding to the present embodiment is installed.
[0069]
In this case, a computer program or the like corresponding to the present embodiment may be provided to a user in a state of being stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM or a floppy (registered trademark) disk. Good.
[0070]
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an automatic accompaniment apparatus capable of determining an appropriate chord for an intro section.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an automatic accompaniment device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a format of music data MD according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a format of accompaniment style data SD according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an outline of an intro code determination process according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an intro code determination process according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a code event classification table according to the embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a key information correction table according to the embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an intro code determination process according to a modification of the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Automatic accompaniment apparatus, 2 ... External equipment, 10 ... Bus, 11 ... RAM, 12 ... ROM, 13 ... CPU, 14 ... Timer, 15 ... Detection circuit, 17 ... Operator, 18 ... Display circuit, 19 ... Display part , 20 ... External storage device, 21 ... Sound source circuit, 22 ... Effect circuit, 23 ... Sound system, 26 ... Communication I / F

Claims (3)

Detecting means for detecting a chord having a tonic function from the chord information included in the song data;
Generating means for generating chord information corresponding to the intro section of the music data, based on the chord having the detected tonic function. 2. The automatic accompaniment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the generation unit generates chord information corresponding to an intro section of the music data based on the detected chord having the function of the tonic and key information included in the music data. A detection procedure for detecting a chord having a tonic function from the chord information included in the song data,
A program for causing a computer to execute an automatic accompaniment process having a generation procedure of generating chord information corresponding to an intro section of the music data based on the detected code having the function of the tonic.

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