JP2004261724A - Method for operating multistage separation membrane module and multistage separation membrane apparatus - Google Patents

Method for operating multistage separation membrane module and multistage separation membrane apparatus Download PDF

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JP2004261724A
JP2004261724A JP2003055284A JP2003055284A JP2004261724A JP 2004261724 A JP2004261724 A JP 2004261724A JP 2003055284 A JP2003055284 A JP 2003055284A JP 2003055284 A JP2003055284 A JP 2003055284A JP 2004261724 A JP2004261724 A JP 2004261724A
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separation membrane
membrane module
raw water
water
flushing
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JP4225471B2 (en
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Yuya Sato
祐也 佐藤
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Organo Corp
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Organo Corp
Japan Organo Co Ltd
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Priority to KR1020047016127A priority patent/KR20050033547A/en
Priority to CNB038068842A priority patent/CN1331574C/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/007394 priority patent/WO2004022206A1/en
Priority to CN2007100844823A priority patent/CN101053773B/en
Priority to TW092122684A priority patent/TWI235682B/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for operating a multistage separation membrane module by which the turbid material accumulated on an original water spacer wound around a spiral membrane element of the separation membrane module can be removed efficiently, and to provide a multistage separation membrane apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: This is the method for operating the multistage separation membrane module which has two or more stages and is constituted so that the intermediate concentrated water from the front separation membrane module having one or more spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel or a group of separation membrane modules is supplied successively to the rear separation membrane module having one or more spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel or another group of separation membrane modules. The flow direction of the water to be treated in the separation membrane module is changed to the opposite direction at regular or irregular intervals. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、スパイラル型膜エレメントに巻回された原水スペーサーに蓄積した濁質を効率よく除去する多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法及び多段式分離膜装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、海水の淡水化や、超純水、各種製造プロセス用水を得る方法として、逆浸透膜(RO膜)やナノ濾過膜(NF膜)を透過膜とするスパイラル型膜エレメントを用い、原水中からイオン成分や低分子成分を分離する方法が知られている。また低分子ないし高分子成分を分離したり、低分子成分ないし高分子成分の内、高分子成分のみを分離したりする限外濾過法や、微粒子を分離したりする精密濾過法においてもスパイラル型膜エレメントが用いられている。図6に例示されるように、従来から使用されているスパイラル型膜エレメントの一例は、透過水スペーサー62の両面に逆浸透膜61を重ね合わせて3辺を接着することにより袋状膜63を形成し、該袋状膜63の開口部を透過水集水管64に取り付け、網状の原水スペーサー65と共に、透過水集水管64の外周面にスパイラル状に巻回することにより構成されている。そして、原水66はスパイラル型膜エレメント60の一方の端面側69aから供給され、原水スペーサー65に沿って流れ、スパイラル型膜エレメント60の他方の端面側69bから濃縮水68として排出される。原水66は原水スペーサー65に沿って流れる過程で、逆浸透膜61を透過して透過水67となり、この透過水67は透過水スペーサー62に沿って透過水集水管64の内部に流れ込み、透過水集水管64の端部から排出される。このように、巻回された袋状膜63間に配設される原水スペーサー65により原水経路が形成されることになる。
【0003】
また、従来より、前記スパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する分離膜モジュールを1段当たり1基又は2基以上並列に配置した分離膜装置群を、2段以上連ねた多段式分離膜装置が、水の回収率及び水の処理量の向上を目的に使用されている。例えば図7の多段式分離膜装置70において、ポンプ71より供給された原水は、原水供給主配管72、原水供給分岐配管73a及び73bを通り、並列に配置された1段目の分離膜モジュール74a及び74bで処理され、透過水流出配管76a及び76bより透過水を、濃縮水流出配管75a及び75bより濃縮水を得る。分離膜モジュール74a及び74bから流出する当該濃縮水は濃縮水集水配管77a及び77bで集水され、中間濃縮水供給主配管(後段の原水供給主配管)78から2段目の分離膜モジュール79に通水される。そして、透過水流出配管81から透過水を、濃縮水流出配管80から濃縮水を得る。このように、前段で得た中間濃縮水を後段の分離膜モジュールの供給水として処理することにより、水の回収率を向上させ、また1段当たり複数の分離膜モジュールを並列に配置することにより水の処理量を増やすことが行われている。
【0004】
前記逆浸透膜スパイラル型エレメントを用いて海水の淡水化や、超純水、各種製造プロセス用水を得る場合、通常、原水の濁質などを除去する目的で前処理が行われている。この前処理を行うのは、逆浸透膜スパイラル型エレメントの原水スペーサーの厚みは、原水流路を確保しつつできる限り原水と逆浸透膜との接触面積を大きくとるため通常1mm以下と薄く、濁質が原水流路にある原水スペーサーに蓄積され、原水流路を閉塞し易い構造となっており、従って、予め原水中の濁質を除去して濁質蓄積による通水差圧の上昇や透過水量、透過水質の低下を回避し、長期間に亘り安定な運転を行うためである。このような除濁目的で用いられる前処理装置は、例えば、凝集沈殿処理、濾過処理又は膜処理などの各装置を含むものであり、これらの設置は、設置コストや運転コストを上昇させると共に、大きな設置面積を必要とするなどの問題を有していた。
【0005】
ところで、スパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する分離膜モジュールに対する前処理装置が省略できれば、工業用水や水道水が前処理なしで逆浸透膜モジュールに供給でき、システムの簡略化、設置面積の低減、低コスト化が可能となり、産業上の利用価値は極めて高いものとなる。従って、濁質が蓄積し難い構造を有する原水スペーサーが開発されるか、あるいは原水スペーサーに濁質が蓄積したとしても、運転方法の変更やフラッシングなどで濁質が除去できれば、極めて有用な技術となる。特に運転方法の変更やフラッシング等で濁質を除去する方法は、従来のスパイラル型膜エレメントをそのまま使用可能な場合がある点で好ましいものである。
【0006】
特開平11―104636号公報には、加圧した気液二層流を通常の原水の流れに対して逆方向の流れで供給して逆浸透膜モジュールを逆洗フラッシングする方法が開示されている。しかし、この逆洗フラッシングは、中空糸型逆浸透膜モジュールの該中空糸膜面に付着した濁質の除去であり、スパイラル型逆浸透膜モジュールの原水スペーサーに付着した濁質の除去ではない。
【0007】
従って、本発明の目的は、多段式分離膜モジュールのスパイラル型膜エレメントに巻回された原水スペーサーに蓄積した濁質を、効率よく除去することができる多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法及び多段式分離膜装置を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる実情において、本発明者は鋭意検討を行った結果、透過水集水管の外周面に袋状の分離膜を原水スペーサーと共に巻回してなるスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する分離膜モジュールにおいて、原水中の濁質が蓄積するのは原水スペーサーの線材が交差する交点部分であること、分離膜モジュールの運転時に、原水の流れ方向を定期又は不定期に反対方向へ変更しながら運転することにより、原水スペーサーに蓄積した濁質の除去が容易に行なえること、原水の流れ方向変更時に、フラッシングを複数回行なうことで、濁質の除去効果が更に増大すること、分離膜モジュールの運転方法において、フラッシングを適宜行なうと共に、毎回行なうフラッシングの、最初に行なうフラッシングは、その直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と逆方向に行なうことで、濁質の除去が更に一層増大すること等を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明(1)は、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する前段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群の中間濃縮水が、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する後段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群に順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法であって、該分離膜モジュールの被処理水の流れ方向を、定期又は不定期に反対方向へ変更する多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質は容易に剥がされ除去される。
【0010】
また、本発明(2)は、前記原水の流れ方向変更時に、両方向から交互に複数回のフラッシングを行う前記多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質を確実に除去できる。
【0011】
また、本発明(3)は、毎回のフラッシングの最初に行なうフラッシングは、直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と逆方向に行なう前記多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質を最初のフラッシングで効率よく剥がすことができ、除去が容易になる。
【0012】
また、本発明(4)は、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する前段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群の中間濃縮水が、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する後段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群に順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法であって、該運転方法が途中に1回又は複数回のフラッシングを含み、該フラッシングの最初に行うフラッシングは、直前までに流れていた被処理水の流れ方向と逆方向に行う多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、前記発明(3)と同様の効果を奏する。
【0013】
また、本発明(5)は、前記フラッシング時に、透過水側の弁を全閉とする前記多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。透過水側の弁が開いていると、高圧用分離膜モジュールの場合、フラッシング圧力程度ではフラッシング液である原水が透過することはないが、低圧又は超低圧用分離膜モジュールでは、透過してしまい、フラッシング流量が低減し、且つ水質の低下した水が透過するという問題がある。また、透過水側の弁を閉じた直後に発生する背圧により膜面に堆積した汚染物質を浮遊させる効果もあり、フラッシングの効果を一層高めることができる。
【0014】
また、本発明(6)は、前記フラッシングを行なう前に、原水供給側の圧力を抜く前記多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。原水供給側の圧力を抜くことで、それまで膜面を押さえ付けていた圧力が抜けるため、膜が若干緩み、膜面及び原水スペーサーに蓄積する濁質の圧密を緩和させることができる。
【0015】
また、本発明(7)は、前記フラッシングを各段の分離膜モジュール毎又は分離膜モジュール群毎に分けて行う前記多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、前段のスパイラル型膜エレメントから剥離した濁質が後段のスパイラル型膜エレメントに流れ込み、汚染するのを防ぐことができる。
【0016】
また、本発明(8)は、前段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールから得られる中間濃縮水が、後段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールに順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜装置であって、該分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群を構成する分離膜装置が、第1弁に接続する原水供給第1配管と、第1弁と分離膜モジュールとを接続する原水供給第2配管と、該分離膜モジュールと、該分離膜モジュールの透過水側に接続される透過水流出配管と、該原水供給第1配管と該分離膜モジュールの濃縮水流出側に接続し第2弁を有する流れ方向転換配管と、該流れ方向転換配管と接続し第3弁を有する濃縮水流出第1配管と、該原水供給第2配管から分岐し第4弁を有する濃縮水流出第2配管とを備える多段式分離膜装置を提供するものである。かかる構成を採ることにより、前記発明(1)〜(7)の方法を簡易な装置で確実に実施できる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の第1の実施の形態における多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を図1を参照して説明する。図1は本例の運転方法を実施する多段式分離膜装置のフロー図である。多段式分離膜装置8は、前段の分離膜装置群9aの各分離膜モジュール10a、10bから得られる中間濃縮水が、後段の分離膜装置群9bの分離膜モジュール28に供給される2段の多段式分離膜装置である。すなわち、分離膜モジュール10aを備える分離膜装置11a及び分離膜モジュール10bを備える分離膜装置11bを並列に配置して前段の分離膜装置群9aを構成し、分離膜装置群9bをその後段に配置して2段の分離膜装置を構成する。
【0018】
図1中、分離膜装置11aは、弁a1に接続する原水供給第1配管12aと、弁a1と分離膜モジュール10aを接続する原水供給第2配管13aと、分離膜モジュール10aと、分離膜モジュール10aの透過水側に接続される弁e1を有する透過水流出配管14aと、原水供給第1配管12aと分離膜モジュール10aの濃縮水流出側を接続し弁b1を有する流れ方向転換配管15aと、流れ方向転換配管15aと接続し弁c1が付設された濃縮水流出第1配管16aと、原水供給第2配管13aから分岐し、原水の流れ方向を逆方向とした場合の濃縮水が流出する弁d1を有する濃縮水流出第2配管17aと、を備える。また、分離膜装置11b、11cは分離膜装置11aと同様な構成を採る。そして、分離膜装置群9aは、原水流出第1配管弁fが途中に付設された原水流出第1配管19が接続する原水供給主配管18と、原水供給主配管18から分岐し分離膜装置11a、11bの原水供給第1配管12a、12bに接続する原水供給分岐配管20a、20bと、分離膜装置11a及び11bとを備える。また、後段の分離膜装置群9bは、原水流出第2配管弁(後段の原水流出配管弁)mが途中に付設された原水流出第2配管(原水流出配管)27が接続する後段の第1濃縮水供給主配管(原水供給主配管)21と、分離膜装置11cとを備える。そして、多段式分離膜装置8は、前段の分離膜装置群9a、9bの前段に更にポンプ30と、分離膜装置群9bの第1濃縮水供給主配管(原水供給主配管)21から分岐し分離膜装置群9aの濃縮水流出第1配管16a、16b、濃縮水流出第2配管17a、17bと接続する濃縮水集水配管31を備える。
【0019】
多段式分離膜装置8において、先ず、弁b1、b2、d1、d2、f、h、j及びmは閉とし、弁c1、c2及びiはモジュール内を所定の圧力となるように調整開口され、弁a1、a2、e1、e2、g及びkは開とする。原水は原水供給ポンプ30により分離膜モジュール10a及び10bに供給される。原水は分離膜モジュール10a及び10bで処理され、第1濃縮水を第1濃縮水流出第1配管16a及び16bから得ると共に透過水流出配管14a及び14bから透過水を得る。分離膜モジュール10a及び10bから得られた当該第1濃縮水(中間濃縮水、以下同様)は、濃縮水集水配管31で集められ、後段の分離膜モジュール28に供給される。そして、第2濃縮水を濃縮水流出第1配管25から得ると共に透過水流出配管23から透過水を得る。この場合、原水の濁度にもよるが、運転時間の経過と共に、エレメントに巻回された原水スペーサーに原水中の濁質等の浮遊物質が蓄積していく。
【0020】
原水スペーサーに原水中の濁質が蓄積すると、通水差圧が上昇する。このような場合、原水の流れ方向を逆方向に変更する。すなわち、弁a1、a2、c1、c2、g、及びiは閉とし、弁d1、d2及びjはモジュール内を所定の圧力となるように調整開口され、弁b1、b2及びhを開とする。これにより、原水は分離膜モジュール10a及び10bの濃縮水流出側より流入し、分離膜モジュール10a及び10bで処理され、第1濃縮水を濃縮水流出第2配管17a及び17bから得ると共に透過水流出配管14a及び14bから透過水を得る。各分離膜モジュールから得られた当該第1濃縮水は、濃縮水集水配管31で集められ、後段の分離膜モジュール28の濃縮水流出側より流入し処理される。そして、第2濃縮水を濃縮水流出第2配管26から得ると共に透過水流出配管23から透過水を得る。このような原水の流れ方向を逆方向に変更することにより、原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質が容易に剥がされ、除去される。そして、運転時間の経過と共に、再びエレメントに装着された原水スペーサーに原水中の濁質等の浮遊物質が蓄積していくため、更に原水の流れ方向を逆方向に変更する。以後、この操作を繰り返す。原水の流れ方向の変更時期は、定期又は不定期であり、原水の流れ方向を変更する間隔としては、1時間〜24時間、好ましくは1時間〜12時間が好ましい。1時間未満であると切替弁の切替回数が多くなり、切替弁の寿命を低下させる。また、24時間を越えると、蓄積した濁質が除去し難くなる。また、原水の流れ方向の変更時期は、上記の他、所定の通水差圧となった時点で変更してもよく、この場合、変更操作を頻繁に行なうことなく、蓄積した濁質の除去もできる点で好ましい。また、所定時間経過後に流れ方向を変更する方法、所定の通水差圧となった時点で変更する方法の両者を組合わせてもよい。
【0021】
本例の多段式分離膜装置8に直接供給される原水としては、工業用水、水道水及び回収水が挙げられる。原水の濁度としては、特に制限されないが、濁度2度程度のスパイラル型膜エレメントにとって高い濁度であっても定期又は不定期に原水の流れを逆方向とするため、長期間運転においても通水差圧が上昇することはない。また、原水は40〜60℃に加温してから供給することが、膜面に発生するスライムを防止、除去することが可能となる点で好ましい。原水の温度が40℃未満ではスライム除去効果がほとんどなく、60℃を越えるとスライム除去効果はあるものの、水処理装置の耐熱温度を超えてしまう。また、40〜60℃の原水の加温は、連続的加温でも、断続的加温でもよい。断続的加温としては、1時間以上1週間以内の間隔で30〜120分程度断続的に加温することが、膜面に発生するスライムを無駄なエネルギーを消費することなく効率的に除去できる点で好ましい。加温間隔が1時間未満では十分な加温効果が得られず不要な加温を行なうことになりエネルギーが無駄になる。一方、1週間を越えると間隔が長すぎることによりスライムの発生が起こり易くなり、効果が低減してしまう。また、原水はpHを2.0以上7.0未満の酸性状態にして供給することが、酸性水には大きな殺菌効果があり、スライムの発生を抑制すると共に膜面への濁質の蓄積を低減することができる点で好ましい。pHが2.0未満ではシステムの耐薬品性の問題が生じてしまい、7.0以上であるとスライム発生を抑制する効果が期待できない。また、原水には原水中に砂粒などの粗大粒子を含む場合、予め目の粗いフィルターを通した処理水やスケールやファウリングを防止するための分散剤を添加したものも含まれる。分散剤の添加により、原水スペーサーや膜面への濁質の蓄積を一層抑制することができる。分散剤としては、例えば市販品の「hypersperse MSI300」、「hypersperse MDC200」(共に、ARGO SCIENTIFIC社製)が挙げられる。
【0022】
本例の多段式分離膜装置8によれば、原水の流れを逆方向にして濁質の蓄積を抑制するため、従来、原水中の濁質を除去する目的で用いられていた凝集沈殿処理、濾過処理又は膜処理などの前処理装置の設置を省略することができる。このため、システムの簡略化、設置面積の低減、低コスト化が図れる点で画期的な効果を奏する。
【0023】
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態における分離膜モジュールの運転方法を図1を参照して説明する。第2の実施の形態例は、第1の実施の形態における多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法において、前記原水の流れ方向変更時に、両方向から交互に複数回のフラッシングを行うものであり、これにより、原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質を確実に除去できる。分離膜モジュールの両方向から交互にフラッシングを行なう方法としては、最初のフラッシングが直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と逆方向に行なう方法(以下、逆方向フラッシングとも言う。)及び直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と同方向に行なう方法が挙げられ、このうち、逆方向フラッシングが、最初のフラッシングで原水スペーサーの交点部分に蓄積した濁質を効果的に剥がすことができる点で好ましい。最初のフラッシングを直前まで流れていた方向と同じ方向にすると、一部の濁質は除去できるものの、原水スペーサーの滞留部分に蓄積した濁質を余計に押し付けることになり、経時的に濁質が蓄積してしまう。逆方向フラッシングを行なうには、先ず、弁a1、a2、c1、c2、f、g、i及びmを閉、弁b1、b2、d1、d2、h及びjを開とする。そして、透過処理における原水供給流量の約3倍流量の原水を急速に分離膜モジュール10a及び10b内に濃縮水流出側より供給し、原水流入側の原水供給第2配管13a及び13b、濃縮水流出第2配管17a及び17bより排出する。分離膜モジュール10a及び10bから排出された原水は、濃縮水集水配管31を通り更に後段の分離膜モジュール28内に濃縮水流出側から供給され、原水流入側の原水供給第2配管22、濃縮水流出第2配管26から排出される。逆方向フラッシング終了後、今度は逆方向フラッシング時におけるフラッシング方向とは逆方向にフラッシングを行なう。すなわち弁b1、b2、d1、d2、f、h、j及びmを閉、弁a1、a2、c1、c2、g及びiを開とする。そして、逆方向フラッシングと同様の流量の原水を急速に分離膜モジュール10a及び10b内に原水流入側より供給し、濃縮水流出側の濃縮水流出第1配管16a及び16bより排出する。更に分離膜モジュール10a及び10bから排出された原水は濃縮水集水配管31を通り、分離膜モジュール28内に原水流入側から供給され、濃縮水流出側の濃縮水流出第1配管25より排出される。次いでこのフラッシング時におけるフラッシング方向とは逆方向にフラッシングを行ない、以後、同様の操作が繰り返され、両方向から交互に複数回のフラッシングが行なわれる。
【0024】
前記フラッシングにおいて、各段の分離膜モジュール群毎に分けてフラッシングを行う運転方法が好ましい。例えば、前記逆方向のフラッシングにおいて、閉としていた弁mを開とし、開としていた弁h及びjを閉とし、先ず、前段の分離膜モジュール10a及び10bのフラッシングを行い、原水を原水流出第2配管27から流出させ、一定時間が経過した後、弁d1、d2及びmを閉じ、弁c1、c2、h及びjを開き、後段の分離膜モジュール28の逆方向フラッシングを行う。当該方法によれば、前段の分離膜モジュール10a及び10bの原水スペーサーから剥離した濁質が、後段の分離膜モジュール28に流入せず、後段の分離膜モジュール28が汚染されないので、フラッシングが速やかに行える。また、更に当該逆方向のフラッシングとは逆方向にフラッシングを行う場合は、例えば、弁a1、a2及びmを開とし、弁b1、b2、h及びjを閉とし、先ず、前段の分離膜モジュール10a及び10bのフラッシングを行い、原水を原水流出第2配管27から流出させ、一定時間が経過した後、弁c1、c2及びmを閉じ、弁d1、d2、g及びiを開き、後段の分離膜モジュール28のフラッシングを行うというように、各段の分離膜モジュール群毎に分けてフラッシングを行うことが好ましい。3段以上の分離膜モジュール群からなる多段式分離膜装置の場合も、各段の分離膜モジュール群毎に分けてフラッシングを行うことが好ましい。
【0025】
最初のフラッシングが直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と同方向の場合は、前述した逆方向フラッシングの場合の2番目の操作を先に行なうことになる。このように、両方向から交互に複数回のフラッシングにより、原水スペーサーに蓄積した濁質は剥がれエレメント外へ確実に排出される。このようなフラッシングを行なう場合、図1においては、濃縮水流出側の圧力調整用の弁c1、c2、d1、d2、i及びjにより圧の開放を行っているが、圧力の開放方法としては、これに限定されず、圧力開放用の弁を別途に設けてもよい。その場合には、濃縮水流出配管は排水量を多く採るために、圧力調整用の弁のある配管よりも大径とするのが好ましい。また、濃縮水流出第1配管16a、16b、25及び濃縮水流出第2配管17a、17b、26のいずれか1箇所又は複数箇所にエアーチャンバー(不図示)を設置し、運転によって溜まった水を用いてフラッシングを行なってもよい。ここで言うエアーチャンバーとは、濃縮水の圧力によって加圧された空気により、チャンバー中に溜まった水を流出させる装置を指す。
【0026】
前記原水の流れ方向変更時に、両方向から交互に複数回のフラッシングを行う場合、フラッシングを行なう前に、原水供給側の圧力を抜くことで、それまで膜面を押さえ付けていた圧力が抜け、膜が若干緩むことになるので、原水供給側の圧力を抜くことは膜面及び原水スペーサーに蓄積する濁質の圧密を緩和させることができる点で好ましい。原水供給側の圧力を抜く方法としては、原水供給ポンプ30の吐出側の原水供給主配管18に接続する原水流出第1配管19に付設した原水流出第1配管弁fを開ける方法、あるいは第1弁a1、a2、c1、c2、e1、e2、g、i及びkを開としている運転において、弁d1、d2及びmを開ける方法が挙げられる。弁の開放速度としては、特に制限されないが、瞬間的に、好ましくは1秒以内に弁が全開になることが好ましい。瞬間的に圧抜きをする方が、膜を緩ませ易く、また水撃作用による濁質排除効果も期待できる。また、この場合、透過水側の弁e1、e2及びkを開とすることが好ましい。弁e1、e2及びkが閉では膜間差圧がなくなり、膜を押さえ付けている力がなくなるため、例え原水供給側の圧力を抜いたとしても、膜が緩むことがないからである。
【0027】
また、フラッシング時には、透過水流出管14a、14b及び23に付設されている弁e1、e2及びkを全閉にすることが好ましい。透過水流出管14a、14b及び23に付設されている弁e1、e2及びkが開いていると、高圧用逆浸透膜モジュールの場合、フラッシング圧力程度ではフラッシング液である原水が透過することはないが、低圧又は超低圧用逆浸透膜モジュールでは透過してしまい、フラッシング流量が低減し、且つ水質の低下した水が透過するという問題がある。また、透過水流出管に付設されている弁を閉じた直後に発生する背圧により膜面に堆積した汚染物質の圧密を緩和させる効果もあり、フラッシングの効果を一層高めることができる。
【0028】
前記フラッシングは、両方向から交互に2回以上、5回以下のフラッシングを行なうことが好ましい。フラッシング回数が1回では一方向のみのフラッシングとなり洗浄効果が十分ではなく、経時的に濁質が蓄積してしまう。一方、5回を越えると排水する水が多くなり、回収率の低減につながる。また、フラッシングの1回当たりの時間は、特に制限されないが、30秒〜120秒が好ましい。30秒未満では洗浄効果が不十分であり、120秒を越えるとブロー時間が長く、回収率の大幅な低下となる。また、フラッシングの際、圧縮空気を原水中に供給してもよい。圧縮空気を原水に混入させることにより、洗浄効率が一層高まる。圧縮空気の供給量は、特に制限されないが、原水と空気との体積割合が2:1〜1:2とするのが好ましい。
【0029】
フラッシングを所定時間行なった後は、再度原水の処理を行なう。この場合、原水の流れ方向は、最初のフラッシングの直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と逆方向である。すなわち、弁a1、a2、c1、c2、f、g、i及びmは閉、弁d1、d2及びjはモジュール内を所定の圧力となるように調整開口され、弁b1、b2、e1、e2及びkは開とし、原水は分離膜モジュール10a、10b及び28で処理される。このように、原水処理→フラッシング→原水処理→フラッシングを順次繰り返す。原水処理時間としては、1時間〜24時間、好ましくは1時間〜12時間である。原水処理時間が1時間未満であると切替弁の切替回数が多くなり、切替弁の寿命を低下させると共に、回収率の低下につながる。また、24時間を越えると、蓄積した濁質の除去効果が低減してしまう。原水処理からフラッシングに切り替える形態としては、毎回同じ時間経過後に流れ方向を変更する方法、所定の通水差圧に達した時点で変更する方法及びこの両者を組合わせて変更する方法が挙げられる。
【0030】
次に、本発明の第3の実施の形態における多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を図1を参照して説明する。本例の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法は、スパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法であって、該運転方法は途中にフラッシングを含み、該フラッシングの最初に行なうフラッシングは、直前まで流れていた原水の流れ方向と逆方向に行なう方法である。すなわち、第3の実施の形態は、フラッシング後、原水の流れ方向は直前の原水の流れ方向と同方向であっても、逆方向であってもよいのであり、この点を除いて第2の実施の形態例と同じである。従って、原水処理時の原水の好ましい形態、フラッシング時における弁類の操作形態、フラッシング方法の好ましい形態等は全て第2の実施の形態例と同じである。第3の実施の形態例においては、フラッシング時に逆方向に流すことで濁質は十分に除去されるため、第2の実施の形態例と同様の効果を奏する。
【0031】
本発明で用いる分離膜モジュールに装着されるスパイラル型膜エレメントとしては、透過水集水管の外周面に袋状の分離膜を原水スペーサーと共に巻回してなるものであれば特に制限されず、当該原水スペーサーは、(i)原水の流入側から流出側に向かって緩やかな曲線で蛇行する形状で延在する第1線材及び第2線材からなるものであって、該第1線材は分離膜のうちの対向する一方の膜面に沿って延在すると共に、隣接する第1線材同士間で一方の原水流路を形成し、該第2線材は分離膜のうち対向する他方の膜面に沿って延在すると共に、隣接する第2線材同士間で他方の原水流路を形成し、該第1線材と該第2線材とは一部が重なり、該重なり箇所で結合されてなるもの、(ii)分離膜の原水流入側端部、又は原水流入側端部と濃縮水流出側端部に固設されてなるもの、(iii)前記(ii)において、分離膜の原水流入側端部、又は原水流入側端部と濃縮水流出側端部への原水スペーサーの固設方法が、二つ折りされた原水スペーサーを当該端部に対して両側から挟持するようにして固定したもの、(iv)原水スペーサーを構成する線材の平均交点数が、スペーサー1m当たり500以上、10,000未満であるもの、(v)原水スペーサーを構成する線材の交点数密度が、原水の流れ方向に沿って、漸次減少するか、または断続的に減少するもの、(vi)原水スペーサーを構成する線材の交点数密度が、原水の流れ方向に沿って、漸次増加するか、または断続的に増加するもの等が使用できる。上記(i)においては、更に前記緩やかな曲線で蛇行する形状が、屈曲点のない規則性を有する形状であって、振幅Hと波長Lの比(H/L)が0.02〜2であり、且つ1本の線材1m当たり1〜100波長のものが、交点数が好適な範囲であると共に、原水は原水流路内を穏やかに蛇行しながらほぼ直線状に流入側から流出側に向かって流れ、原水流路内への濁質の蓄積が一層防止される点で好ましい。上記(ii)及び(iii)において、該分離膜の原水流入側端部、又は濃縮水流出側端部の前記透過水集水管に対する長手方向における長さは、それぞれ該分離膜の原水流入側端、又は濃縮水流出側端から内側へ、該分離膜の透過水集水管に対する長手方向長さの1〜10%であるものが好ましい。
【0032】
本発明の分離膜モジュールの運転方法において、前記(i)、(ii)、(iii)及び(iv)の原水スペーサーを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着した分離膜モジュールは、前記第1の実施の形態例〜第3の実施の形態例のいずれも適用できる。前記(v)、(vi)の原水スペーサーを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着した分離膜モジュールは、原水スペーサーの交点数密度が原水の流れ方向で限定されるため、原水の流れ方向を反対方向へ変更する前記第1の実施の形態例及び第2の実施の形態例は適用できない。前記(v)の原水スペーサーを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着した分離膜モジュールは、第3の実施の形態例の逆方向フラッシングを用いることが、原水スペーサーの入口近傍に敢えて濁質を蓄積させる構造を採る点で必須である。また、前記(vi)の原水スペーサーを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着した分離膜モジュールは、第3の実施の形態例を適用することができる。
【0033】
上記(ii)〜(vi)の原水スペーサーは、例えば複数の第1線材および複数の第2線材から構成される網目状のスペーサーが挙げられる。この場合、網目の形状としては、特に制限されないが、ひし形、四角形および波形などが挙げられ、その線材同士の交差形態としては、特に制限されず、線材同士を織らずに接合した形態、平織りによる交差形態およびあや織りによる交差形態などが挙げられる。また、交点とは、第1線材及び第2線材とが交わる点を言うが、例えば第1線材及び第2線材が波形の場合における交点のように、第1線材と第2線材が少し重なる部分を有するものであってもよい。また、第1線材及び第2線材の断面形状としては、特に制限されないが、例えば円形、三角形、四角形などが挙げられる。また、第1線材及び第2線材は同一寸法、同一断面形状のものが使用される。原水スペーサーの厚さは、第1線材の径と第2線材の径を合わせたもの、若しくはそれよりも若干薄いものであり、0.4〜3.0mmの範囲である。また、原水スペーサーの材質としては、特に制限されないが、ポリプロピレンやポリエチレンが、成形性やコスト面から好ましい。また、原水スペーサーの製造方法は、特に制限されず、公知の方法を適用できるが、押出成形法が、コスト面及び精度面からも好ましい。
【0034】
当該スパイラル型膜エレメントは、透過水集水管の外周面に袋状の分離膜を前記原水スペーサーと共に、1枚の袋状の分離膜を巻回したものであるか、又は複数の袋状の分離膜を巻回したものである。分離膜としては、精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜及び逆浸透膜などが挙げられる。このうち、逆浸透膜が、原水中からイオン成分や低分子成分を分離する目的で使用され、従来から前処理が必須のものとなっているという点でその効果をより発揮する。逆浸透膜としては、食塩水中の塩化ナトリウムに対する90%以上の高い除去率を有する通常の逆浸透膜、及び低脱塩率のナノ濾過膜やルーズ逆浸透膜が挙げられる。ナノ濾過膜やルーズ逆浸透膜は脱塩性能を有するものの、通常の逆浸透膜よりも脱塩性能が低いもので、特にCa、Mg等の硬度成分の分離性能を有するものである。なお、ナノ濾過膜とルーズ逆浸透膜はNF膜と称されることがある。
【0035】
本例で用いる逆浸透膜モジュールは、前記スパイラル型膜エレメントを備えるものであれば特に制限されず、例えば図2に示す構造を有する逆浸透膜モジュールが挙げられる。図2に示したように、透過水集水管311の外周面に袋状の逆浸透膜312を原水スペーサーと共にスパイラル状に巻きつけ、その上部を外装体32で被覆する。そしてスパイラル状に巻きつけた逆浸透膜312がせり出すのを防止するために、数本の放射状のリブ33を有するテレスコープ止め34が両端に取り付けられている。これらの透過水集水管311、逆浸透膜312、外装体32、テレスコープ止め34でひとつのスパイラル型膜エレメント35を形成し、夫々の透過水集水管311をコネクタ(図示せず)で連通して、ハウジング36内にスパイラル型膜エレメント35を複数個装填する。なお、スパイラル型膜エレメント35の外周とハンジング36の内周の間に隙間37が形成されるが、この隙間37をブラインシール38で閉塞してある。なおハウジング36の一端には原水をハウジング内部に流入するための原水流入管(図示せず)、また他端には透過水集水管311に連通する処理水管(図示せず)および非透過水管(図示せず)が付設され、ハウジング36、その内部部品および配管(ノズル)等で逆浸透膜モジュール39が構成される。
【0036】
このような構造の逆浸透膜モジュール39で原水を処理する場合は、ハウジング36の一端からポンプを用いて原水を圧入するが、図2において矢線で示したように原水はテレスコープ止め34の各放射状のリブ33の間を通って最初のスパイラル型膜エレメント35内に侵入し、一部の原水はスパイラル型膜エレメント35の膜間の原水スペーサーで区画される原水流路を通り抜けて次のスパイラル型膜エレメント35に達し、他部の原水は逆浸透膜312を透過して透過水となり当該透過水は透過水集水管311に集水される。このようにしてスパイラル型膜エレメント35に次々に原水が通り抜けて、逆浸透膜を透過しなかった原水は濁質及びイオン性不純物を高濃度で含む濃縮水としてハウジング36の他端から取り出され、また逆浸透膜を透過した透過水は透過水として透過水集水管31を介してハウジング36外に取り出される。なお、本発明で用いる逆浸透膜モジュールは図2のように複数のスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着するものの他、例えばスパイラル型膜エレメント1個装着するものであってもよい。
【0037】
本発明の多段式分離膜装置は、前段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールから得られる中間濃縮水が、後段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールに順次供給される2段以上の分離膜装置であり、例えば4基の分離膜モジュール41a〜41dを並列配置した前段の分離膜装置群42a、2基の分離膜モジュール41e、41fを並列配置した中段の分離膜装置群42b及び1基の分離膜モジュール41gを配置した後段の分離膜装置42cからなる4→2→1型の3段式分離膜装置(図3)、3基の分離膜モジュール44a〜44cを並列配置した前段の分離膜装置群43a、2基の分離膜モジュール44d、44eを並列配置した後段の分離膜装置群43bからなる3→2型の2段式分離膜装置(図4(A))、2基の分離膜モジュール46a、46bを並列配置した前段の分離膜装置群45a、1基の分離膜モジュール46cを配置した後段の分離膜装置45bからなる2→1型の2段式分離膜装置(図4(B))及び1基の分離膜モジュール48aを配置した前段の分離膜装置47a、1基の分離膜モジュール48bを配置した後段の分離膜装置47bからなる1→1型の2段式分離膜装置(図4(C))が挙げられる。なお、図4(B)は、図1と同じ配置形態である。また、図3及び図4は模式図であり、分離膜モジュールからの2つの流出ラインは、濃縮水流出第1配管及び濃縮水第2配管を示したものであるが、実際の配置位置とは異なっている。これらの多段式分離膜装置は、要求される水の回収率及び水の処理量により、適宜の形態とすることができる。本発明に係る多段式分離膜装置は、本発明に係る多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法を簡易な装置で確実に実施できる。
【0038】
【実施例】
次に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、これは単に例示であって、本発明を制限するものではない。
実施例1
濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水を図5に示すフローの多段式分離膜装置で処理し、下記運転条件下において、2000時間の耐久運転を行った。多段式分離膜装置には、網目状の原水スペーサーを巻回した8インチエレメントES−10(日東電工社製)1個を装着した分離膜モジュールを用いた。分離膜モジュールの性能評価は1段目の分離膜モジュールの運転初期及び2000時間における通水差圧(MPa)、透過水量(l/分)及び透過水の導電率(mS/m)を測定することで行った。また、2000時間後、1段目の分離膜モジュールを解体して原水流路内の濁質の付着状況を観察した。また、1段目の分離膜モジュールにおける各測定値の結果を表6に、1段目の分離膜モジュールにおける原水流路(分離膜エレメント内の原水スペーサーが存在する部分)の目視観察結果を表7に示す。なお、表6及び表7における実施例2〜6及び比較例1〜3の結果も同様である。
【0039】
(運転条件)
表1に示す工程表に従って各弁の開閉を行い、表1のNo.1〜No.16までを1サイクルとして、これを繰り返し行なう。透過処理条件(採水A及びB)は操作圧力0.75MPa、濃縮水流量(最終段)2.7m/時間、水温25℃、原水pH7.0である。また、フラッシング条件(ブラッシングA1、A2、B1及びB2)はフラッシング水流量8.0m/時間、水温25℃である。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 2004261724
【0041】
実施例2
実施例1の毎回のフラッシングA1、A2、B1及びB2時に、原水と空気の体積比が1:1となるように空気を混入させた以外、実施例1と同様の運転方法で2000時間の耐久運転を行った。分離膜モジュールの性能評価結果を表6及び表7に示す。
【0042】
実施例3
原水処理における温度25℃の原水の連続的供給に代えて、25℃の原水の供給を23時間行った後に、50℃の原水を1時間供給することを繰り返して、断続的供給した以外、実施例1と同様の運転方法で2000時間の耐久運転を行った。50℃の原水は25℃の原水を加熱器で加熱することで得た。分離膜モジュールの性能評価結果を表6及び表7に示す。
【0043】
実施例4
原水処理におけるpH7.0の原水に代えて、pH4.0の原水を使用した以外、実施例1と同様の運転方法で2000時間の耐久運転を行った。pH4.0の原水は、pH7.0の原水に塩酸を添加することで調製した。分離膜モジュールの性能評価結果を表6及び表7に示す。
【0044】
実施例5
濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水に分散剤「hypersperse MSI300」(ARGO SCIENTIFIC社製)を50mg/l添加した以外は、実施例1と同様の運転方法で2000時間の耐久運転を行った。分離膜モジュールの性能評価結果を表6及び表7に示す。
【0045】
比較例1
前処理を目的とした公知の限外ろ過膜装置を前段に配置し、表2の採水工程のみを行う以外、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。すなわち、濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水を、前処理装置で処理し、その処理水を従来の市販の分離膜モジュールを2段連ねた多段式膜分離装置で更に通常の処理を行なった。その結果を表6及び表7に示す。
【0046】
【表2】
Figure 2004261724
【0047】
比較例2
下記の運転条件に変更した以外、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。すなわち、濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水を、前処理装置で処理することなく直接従来の市販の分離膜モジュールを2段連ねた多段式分離膜装置で通常の処理を行なった。その結果を表6及び表7に示す。なお、この比較例2では800時間頃までに、通水差圧が極端に上昇し、透過水が得られなくなったため、この時点で運転を停止した。
【0048】
(運転条件)
操作圧力が0.75MPa、濃縮水流量が2.7m/時間、水温が25℃、原水pH7.0で行なった。また、表3の工程に従って各弁の開閉を行い、No.1及び2を1サイクルとして、これを繰り返した。
【0049】
【表3】
Figure 2004261724
【0050】
実施例6
濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水を図1に示すフローの多段式分離膜装置で処理し、下記運転条件下において、2000時間の耐久運転を行った。分離膜モジュールの性能評価は1段目の分離膜モジュール11aの運転初期及び2000時間における通水差圧(MPa)、透過水量(l/分)及び透過水の導電率(mS/m)を測定することで行った。また、2000時間後、1段目の分離膜モジュール11aを解体して原水流路内の濁質の付着状況を観察した。測定値の結果を表6に、原水流路の目視観察結果を表7に示す。
【0051】
(運転条件)
表4に示す工程表に従って各弁の開閉を行い、表4の工程No.1〜No.16までを1サイクルとして、これを繰り返し行なう。透過処理条件(採水A及びB)は操作圧力0.75MPa、濃縮水流量(最終段)4.4m/時間、水温25℃、原水pH7.0であり、フラッシング条件(ブラッシングA1、A2、B1及びB2)はフラッシング水流量が8.0m/時間、水温が25℃である。
【0052】
【表4】
Figure 2004261724
【0053】
比較例3
下記の運転条件に変更した以外、実施例6と同様の方法で行った。すなわち、濁度2度、導電率20mS/mの工業用水を、前処理装置で処理することなく直接従来の市販の分離膜モジュールを前段に2個、後段に1個連ねた多段式分離膜装置で通常の処理を行なった。その結果を表6及び表7に示す。なお、この比較例2では800時間頃までに、通水差圧が極端に上昇し、透過水が得られなくなったため、この時点で運転を停止した。
【0054】
(運転条件)
操作圧力が0.75MPa、濃縮水流量が4.4m/時間、水温が25℃、原水pH7.0で行なった。また、表5の工程に従って各弁の開閉を行い、工程No.1及び2を1サイクルとして、これを繰り返した。
【0055】
【表5】
Figure 2004261724
【0056】
【表6】
Figure 2004261724
【0057】
【表7】
Figure 2004261724
【0058】
実施例1〜6において、2000時間後、通水差圧の上昇はほとんどなく、透過水量の低下もなく、透過水の水質も高いものであった。比較例1は2000時間後の性能評価において、実施例と遜色ない結果を示しているが、これは前処理装置を設置しており、設置場所や設置コストなどが余分に必要となる。従って、実施例1〜5の比較対象は比較例2であるが、比較例2は約800時間で透過水量がゼロになるまで濁質の付着が激しいものであった。実施例6の比較対象は比較例3であるが、比較例3は約800時間で透過水量がゼロになるまで濁質の付着が激しいものであった。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
本発明の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法によれば、多段式分離膜装置で用いる分離膜モジュールのスパイラル型膜エレメントに巻回された原水スペーサーに蓄積した濁質を効率よく除去することができる。また、低圧又は超低圧用逆浸透膜モジュールで起こり得るフラッシング流量が低減するという問題もないと共に、透過水側の弁を閉じた直後に発生する背圧により膜面に堆積した汚染物質の圧密を緩和させる効果もあり、フラッシングの効果を一層高めることができる。また、原水供給側の圧力を抜くことで、それまで膜面を押さえ付けていた圧力が抜けるため、膜が若干緩むことになり、膜面及び原水スペーサーに蓄積する濁質の圧密を緩和させることができる。また、本発明の多段式分離膜装置によれば、簡易な装置で前記運転方法を確実に実施できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本例の運転方法を実施する多段式分離膜装置の一例のフローを示す図である。
【図2】本実施の形態例における分離膜モジュールの構造の一例を示す図である。
【図3】本実施の形態例の多段式分離膜装置のフローを示す図である。
【図4】本実施の形態例の多段式分離膜装置の他のフローを示す図である。
【図5】実施例1〜5を実施するための多段式分離膜装置のフローを示す図である
【図6】従来の逆浸透膜モジュールの概略図である。
【図7】従来の多段式の分離膜装置の一例のフロー図である。
【符号の説明】
8、50、50a〜50c 多段式分離膜装置
9a、9b、42a〜42c、43a、43b、45a、45b、47a、47b 分離膜装置群
10a、10b、28 分離膜モジュール
11a〜11c、41a〜41g、44a〜44e、46a〜46c、48a、48b 分離膜装置
12a、12b 原水供給第1配管
13a、13b 原水供給第2配管
14a、14b、23 透過水流出配管
15a、15b、24 流れ方向転換配管
16a、16b、25 濃縮水流出第1配管
17a、17b、26 濃縮水流出第2配管
18 原水供給主配管
19 原水流出第1配管
20a、20b 原水供給分岐配管
21 第1濃縮水供給主配管(後段の原水供給主配管)
22 第1濃縮水供給第2配管(後段の原水供給第2配管)
27 原水流出第2配管(後段の原水流出配管)
30 ポンプ
31 濃縮水集水配管
a1、a2、g 第1弁
b1、b2、h 第2弁
c1、c2、i 第3弁
d1、d2、j 第4弁
e1、e2、k 透過水流出配管弁
f、m 原水流出配管弁
311 透過水集水管
312 逆浸透膜
32 外装体
33 リブ
34 テレスコープ止め
35 スパイラル型膜エレメント
36 ハウジング
37 隙間
38 ブラインシール
39 逆浸透膜モジュール[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for operating a multistage separation membrane module and a multistage separation membrane apparatus that efficiently remove turbidity accumulated in a raw water spacer wound around a spiral membrane element.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method for obtaining seawater desalination, ultrapure water, and water for various production processes, a spiral membrane element using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) or a nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane) as a permeable membrane is used. A method for separating ionic components and low-molecular components from the above is known. Spiral type is also used for ultrafiltration that separates low and high molecular components, low molecular components and high molecular components only, and microfiltration that separates fine particles. A membrane element is used. As illustrated in FIG. 6, an example of a spiral-type membrane element that has been conventionally used is that a bag-like membrane 63 is formed by superimposing a reverse osmosis membrane 61 on both sides of a permeated water spacer 62 and adhering three sides. It is formed by attaching the opening of the bag-like membrane 63 to the permeated water collecting pipe 64 and winding it around the outer peripheral surface of the permeated water collecting pipe 64 together with the net-like raw water spacer 65 in a spiral shape. The raw water 66 is supplied from one end surface side 69 a of the spiral membrane element 60, flows along the raw water spacer 65, and is discharged as concentrated water 68 from the other end surface side 69 b of the spiral membrane element 60. In the process of flowing along the raw water spacer 65, the raw water 66 permeates through the reverse osmosis membrane 61 to become permeated water 67, and this permeated water 67 flows along the permeated water spacer 62 into the permeated water collecting pipe 64. It is discharged from the end of the water collecting pipe 64. Thus, the raw water path is formed by the raw water spacer 65 disposed between the wound bag-like membranes 63.
[0003]
Conventionally, a multi-stage separation membrane device in which two or more separation membrane device groups in which one or two or more separation membrane modules mounted with the spiral membrane element are arranged in parallel is connected in a water It is used for the purpose of improving recovery and water throughput. For example, in the multistage separation membrane device 70 of FIG. 7, the raw water supplied from the pump 71 passes through the raw water supply main pipe 72 and the raw water supply branch pipes 73a and 73b, and the first stage separation membrane module 74a arranged in parallel. And 74b to obtain permeate from the permeate outflow pipes 76a and 76b and concentrate from the concentrated water outflow pipes 75a and 75b. The concentrated water flowing out from the separation membrane modules 74a and 74b is collected by the concentrated water collection pipes 77a and 77b, and is separated from the intermediate concentrated water supply main pipe (the latter raw water supply main pipe) 78 to the second stage separation membrane module 79. To be passed through. Then, the permeated water is obtained from the permeated water outflow pipe 81, and the concentrated water is obtained from the concentrated water outflow pipe 80. Thus, by treating the intermediate concentrated water obtained in the previous stage as the feed water for the separation membrane module in the subsequent stage, the water recovery rate is improved, and by arranging a plurality of separation membrane modules per stage in parallel. Increasing the amount of water treated.
[0004]
When seawater desalination, ultrapure water, or water for various production processes is obtained using the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element, pretreatment is usually performed for the purpose of removing turbidity of raw water. This pretreatment is performed because the thickness of the raw water spacer of the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element is usually as thin as 1 mm or less so as to make the contact area between the raw water and the reverse osmosis membrane as large as possible while securing the raw water flow path. The quality is accumulated in the raw water spacer in the raw water flow path, and the raw water flow path is easy to block. Therefore, the turbidity in the raw water is removed in advance, and the water flow differential pressure rise and permeation due to the accumulation of turbidity. This is to avoid a decrease in the amount of water and the quality of the permeated water and perform a stable operation over a long period of time. The pretreatment device used for such turbidity purpose includes, for example, each device such as coagulation sedimentation treatment, filtration treatment or membrane treatment, and these installations increase the installation cost and operation cost, It had problems such as requiring a large installation area.
[0005]
By the way, if the pretreatment device for the separation membrane module to which the spiral membrane element is mounted can be omitted, industrial water and tap water can be supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane module without pretreatment, simplifying the system, reducing the installation area, and reducing the cost. The industrial utility value is extremely high. Therefore, if a raw water spacer having a structure that does not easily accumulate turbidity is developed, or even if turbidity accumulates in the raw water spacer, it can be an extremely useful technology if the turbidity can be removed by changing the operation method or flushing. Become. In particular, the method of removing turbidity by changing the operation method or flushing is preferable in that a conventional spiral membrane element may be used as it is.
[0006]
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-104636 discloses a method of backwashing a reverse osmosis membrane module by supplying a pressurized gas-liquid two-layer flow in a direction opposite to that of a normal raw water flow. . However, the backwash flushing is removal of turbidity adhering to the hollow fiber membrane surface of the hollow fiber type reverse osmosis membrane module, and not removal of turbidity adhering to the raw water spacer of the spiral type reverse osmosis membrane module.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a multistage separation membrane module and a multistage system capable of efficiently removing turbidity accumulated in a raw water spacer wound around a spiral membrane element of the multistage separation membrane module. The object is to provide a separation membrane device.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In such a situation, the present inventor has intensively studied, and as a result, in a separation membrane module in which a spiral membrane element formed by winding a bag-shaped separation membrane together with a raw water spacer on the outer peripheral surface of a permeate water collecting pipe is mounted. The accumulated turbidity is at the intersection where the raw water spacer wires intersect, and when the separation membrane module is operated, the raw water flow direction is changed regularly or irregularly to the opposite direction. The turbidity accumulated in the spacer can be easily removed, and the flushing effect can be further increased by performing flushing multiple times when changing the flow direction of the raw water. The first flushing of the flushing to be performed every time is the flow direction of the raw water that has flowed until just before that. By performing the direction finding, etc. that removal of suspended solid is even further increased, and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, in the present invention (1), one or two or more intermediate concentrated water of the separation membrane module or the separation membrane module group in which the spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel or one or more in parallel are mounted are arranged in parallel. A method for operating two or more multi-stage separation membrane modules that are sequentially supplied to a subsequent separation membrane module or separation membrane module group to which the spiral membrane element is mounted, and the flow of water to be treated in the separation membrane module The present invention provides a method for operating a multistage separation membrane module in which the direction is changed regularly or irregularly in the opposite direction. By adopting such a configuration, the turbidity accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers is easily peeled off and removed.
[0010]
Moreover, this invention (2) provides the operating method of the said multistage separation membrane module which performs flushing alternately several times from both directions at the time of the flow direction change of the said raw | natural water. By adopting such a configuration, turbidity accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers can be reliably removed.
[0011]
In addition, the present invention (3) provides a method for operating the multistage separation membrane module in which the flushing performed at the beginning of each flushing is performed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the raw water that has flowed until immediately before. By adopting such a configuration, the turbidity accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers can be efficiently removed by the first flushing, and the removal becomes easy.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention (4), one or two or more intermediate concentrated waters of a separation membrane module or a group of separation membrane modules that are equipped with one or more spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel are arranged in parallel. A method of operating two or more multi-stage separation membrane modules that are sequentially supplied to a subsequent separation membrane module or a group of separation membrane modules to which the spiral type membrane element is mounted, wherein the operation method is performed once or a plurality of times The flushing performed at the beginning of the flushing, including the flushing of the first time, provides a method for operating the multistage separation membrane module performed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the water to be treated that has flowed immediately before. By adopting such a configuration, the same effect as the invention (3) can be obtained.
[0013]
Moreover, this invention (5) provides the operating method of the said multistage separation membrane module which makes the permeate side valve fully closed at the time of the said flushing. If the permeate side valve is open, the high pressure separation membrane module will not allow the raw water as the flushing liquid to permeate at the flushing pressure level, but the low pressure or ultra low pressure separation membrane module will permeate. , There is a problem that the flushing flow rate is reduced and water having a reduced water quality is transmitted. In addition, there is an effect of floating contaminants deposited on the membrane surface by back pressure generated immediately after closing the permeate-side valve, so that the effect of flushing can be further enhanced.
[0014]
In addition, the present invention (6) provides a method for operating the multistage separation membrane module in which the pressure on the raw water supply side is released before the flushing. By releasing the pressure on the raw water supply side, the pressure that has been pressing the membrane surface until then is released, so the membrane is slightly loosened, and the compaction of turbidity accumulated on the membrane surface and the raw water spacer can be relaxed.
[0015]
The present invention (7) provides a method for operating the multistage separation membrane module in which the flushing is performed separately for each separation membrane module or separation membrane module group. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the suspended matter separated from the spiral membrane element at the previous stage from flowing into the spiral membrane element at the subsequent stage and being contaminated.
[0016]
In the present invention (8), the intermediate concentrated water obtained from the separation membrane device in the preceding stage or the separation membrane device group is sequentially supplied to the separation membrane module in the subsequent separation membrane apparatus or the separation membrane device group. A multistage separation membrane apparatus having two or more stages, wherein the separation membrane apparatus or the separation membrane apparatus group includes a raw water supply first pipe connected to the first valve, a first valve, and a separation membrane module A raw water supply second pipe connecting the raw water supply pipe, the separation membrane module, a permeated water outflow pipe connected to the permeate water side of the separation membrane module, a concentrated water outflow of the raw water supply first pipe and the separation membrane module A flow direction changing pipe connected to the side and having a second valve, a concentrated water outflow first pipe connected to the flow direction changing pipe and having a third valve, and a fourth valve branched from the raw water supply second pipe Multistage separation membrane device comprising a concentrated water outflow second pipe It is intended to provide. By adopting such a configuration, the methods of the inventions (1) to (7) can be reliably implemented with a simple device.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An operation method of the multistage separation membrane module according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multistage separation membrane apparatus for carrying out the operation method of this example. The multistage separation membrane device 8 is a two-stage separation membrane device in which intermediate concentrated water obtained from the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b of the preceding separation membrane device group 9a is supplied to the separation membrane module 28 of the subsequent separation membrane device group 9b. This is a multistage separation membrane device. That is, the separation membrane device 11a including the separation membrane module 10a and the separation membrane device 11b including the separation membrane module 10b are arranged in parallel to form the previous separation membrane device group 9a, and the separation membrane device group 9b is arranged in the subsequent stage. Thus, a two-stage separation membrane device is configured.
[0018]
In FIG. 1, the separation membrane device 11a includes a raw water supply first pipe 12a connected to the valve a1, a raw water supply second pipe 13a connecting the valve a1 and the separation membrane module 10a, a separation membrane module 10a, and a separation membrane module. A permeate outflow pipe 14a having a valve e1 connected to the permeate side of 10a, a raw water supply first pipe 12a and a flow direction changing pipe 15a having a valve b1 connecting the concentrated water outflow side of the separation membrane module 10a; A concentrated water outflow first pipe 16a connected to the flow direction changing pipe 15a and provided with a valve c1 and a valve branched from the raw water supply second pipe 13a, and the concentrated water flows out when the flow direction of the raw water is reversed. and a concentrated water outflow second pipe 17a having d1. The separation membrane devices 11b and 11c have the same configuration as the separation membrane device 11a. The separation membrane device group 9a is branched from the raw water supply main piping 18 and the raw water supply main piping 18 to which the raw water outflow first piping 19 to which the raw water outflow first piping valve f is attached is separated, and the separation membrane device 11a. , 11b of raw water supply first pipes 12a, 12b, and raw water supply branch pipes 20a, 20b, and separation membrane devices 11a, 11b. Further, the separation membrane device group 9b in the rear stage is connected to the first raw water outflow second pipe (raw water outflow pipe) 27 to which the raw water outflow second pipe valve (following raw water outflow pipe valve) m is attached. A concentrated water supply main pipe (raw water supply main pipe) 21 and a separation membrane device 11c are provided. The multistage separation membrane device 8 is further branched from the pump 30 and the first concentrated water supply main pipe (raw water supply main pipe) 21 of the separation membrane device group 9b to the previous stage of the previous separation membrane device groups 9a and 9b. Concentrated water collecting pipes 31 connected to the concentrated water outflow first pipes 16a and 16b and the concentrated water outflow second pipes 17a and 17b of the separation membrane device group 9a are provided.
[0019]
In the multistage separation membrane device 8, first, the valves b1, b2, d1, d2, f, h, j, and m are closed, and the valves c1, c2, and i are adjusted to have a predetermined pressure in the module. The valves a1, a2, e1, e2, g and k are opened. The raw water is supplied to the separation membrane modules 10 a and 10 b by the raw water supply pump 30. The raw water is processed by the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b, and the first concentrated water is obtained from the first concentrated water outflow first pipes 16a and 16b and the permeated water outflow pipes 14a and 14b are obtained. The first concentrated water (intermediate concentrated water, the same applies hereinafter) obtained from the separation membrane modules 10 a and 10 b is collected by the concentrated water collecting pipe 31 and supplied to the separation membrane module 28 at the subsequent stage. Then, the second concentrated water is obtained from the concentrated water outflow first pipe 25 and the permeated water is obtained from the permeated water outflow pipe 23. In this case, although depending on the turbidity of the raw water, suspended substances such as turbidity in the raw water accumulate in the raw water spacer wound around the element as the operation time elapses.
[0020]
When turbidity in the raw water accumulates in the raw water spacer, the water flow differential pressure increases. In such a case, the flow direction of the raw water is changed to the reverse direction. That is, the valves a1, a2, c1, c2, g, and i are closed, the valves d1, d2, and j are adjusted and opened so as to be a predetermined pressure in the module, and the valves b1, b2, and h are opened. . As a result, the raw water flows in from the concentrated water outflow side of the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b and is processed by the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b, and the first concentrated water is obtained from the concentrated water outflow second pipes 17a and 17b and the permeated water outflow. Permeate is obtained from the pipes 14a and 14b. The first concentrated water obtained from each separation membrane module is collected by the concentrated water collecting pipe 31 and is processed by flowing from the concentrated water outflow side of the separation membrane module 28 in the subsequent stage. Then, the second concentrated water is obtained from the concentrated water outflow second pipe 26 and the permeated water is obtained from the permeated water outflow pipe 23. By changing the flow direction of the raw water in the reverse direction, the suspended matter accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers is easily peeled off and removed. Then, as the operating time elapses, suspended substances such as turbidity in the raw water accumulate in the raw water spacer attached to the element again, so that the flow direction of the raw water is further changed to the reverse direction. Thereafter, this operation is repeated. The change timing of the flow direction of the raw water is regular or irregular, and the interval for changing the flow direction of the raw water is 1 hour to 24 hours, preferably 1 hour to 12 hours. If it is less than 1 hour, the number of times of switching of the switching valve increases, and the life of the switching valve is reduced. Moreover, when it exceeds 24 hours, it becomes difficult to remove the accumulated turbidity. In addition to the above, the change timing of the flow direction of the raw water may be changed when the predetermined water flow differential pressure is reached. In this case, the accumulated turbidity is removed without frequently performing the changing operation. It is preferable in that Moreover, you may combine both the method of changing a flow direction after progress for a predetermined time, and the method of changing when a predetermined water flow differential pressure is reached.
[0021]
Examples of the raw water directly supplied to the multistage separation membrane device 8 of this example include industrial water, tap water, and recovered water. The turbidity of the raw water is not particularly limited, but even if the turbidity is high for a spiral membrane element with a turbidity of about 2 degrees, the flow of the raw water is reversed in a regular or irregular manner. The water differential pressure will not increase. Moreover, it is preferable to supply raw water after heating it to 40 to 60 ° C. in terms of being able to prevent and remove slime generated on the membrane surface. If the temperature of the raw water is less than 40 ° C., there is almost no slime removal effect. If it exceeds 60 ° C., the slime removal effect is obtained, but it exceeds the heat resistance temperature of the water treatment apparatus. Moreover, the heating of 40-60 degreeC raw | natural water may be a continuous heating or an intermittent heating. As intermittent heating, intermittent heating for about 30 to 120 minutes at intervals of 1 hour or more and 1 week can efficiently remove slime generated on the film surface without consuming wasteful energy. This is preferable. If the heating interval is less than 1 hour, a sufficient heating effect cannot be obtained, and unnecessary heating is performed, resulting in wasted energy. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1 week, the interval is too long, so that slime is likely to occur and the effect is reduced. In addition, the raw water should be supplied in an acidic state with a pH of 2.0 or more and less than 7.0. The acidic water has a great bactericidal effect, suppresses the generation of slime and accumulates turbidity on the membrane surface. This is preferable in that it can be reduced. If the pH is less than 2.0, a problem of chemical resistance of the system occurs, and if it is 7.0 or more, an effect of suppressing slime generation cannot be expected. In addition, when the raw water contains coarse particles such as sand grains, the raw water also includes treated water that has been passed through a coarse filter and a dispersant added to prevent scale and fouling. By adding the dispersant, accumulation of turbidity on the raw water spacer and the membrane surface can be further suppressed. Examples of the dispersant include commercially available products “hypersperse MSI300” and “hypersperse MDC200” (both manufactured by ARGO SCIENTIFIC).
[0022]
According to the multistage separation membrane device 8 of this example, in order to suppress the accumulation of turbidity by reversing the flow of the raw water, the coagulation sedimentation treatment conventionally used for the purpose of removing the turbidity in the raw water, Installation of a pretreatment device such as a filtration treatment or a membrane treatment can be omitted. As a result, the system can be simplified, the installation area can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
[0023]
Next, the operation method of the separation membrane module in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. According to the second embodiment, in the operation method of the multistage separation membrane module in the first embodiment, when the flow direction of the raw water is changed, the flushing is alternately performed a plurality of times from both directions. The turbidity accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers can be reliably removed. As a method of performing flushing alternately from both directions of the separation membrane module, a method in which the first flushing was performed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the raw water that had been flowing until immediately before (hereinafter also referred to as reverse flushing) and the flow was performed until immediately before. A method of performing in the same direction as the flow direction of the raw water can be mentioned, and among these, reverse flushing is preferable in that the turbidity accumulated at the intersection of the raw water spacers in the first flushing can be effectively removed. If the first flushing is in the same direction as it was flowing just before, some of the turbidity can be removed, but the turbidity accumulated in the staying part of the raw water spacer will be pushed further, and the turbidity will be lost over time. Accumulate. To perform reverse flushing, first, the valves a1, a2, c1, c2, f, g, i and m are closed, and the valves b1, b2, d1, d2, h and j are opened. Then, raw water having a flow rate about three times the raw water supply flow rate in the permeation process is rapidly supplied into the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b from the concentrated water outflow side, the raw water supply second pipes 13a and 13b on the raw water inflow side, and the concentrated water outflow It discharges from the 2nd piping 17a and 17b. The raw water discharged from the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b is supplied from the concentrated water outflow side through the concentrated water collecting pipe 31 and further into the separation membrane module 28 in the subsequent stage, and the raw water supply second pipe 22 on the raw water inflow side is concentrated. It is discharged from the water outflow second pipe 26. After the backward flushing is completed, the flushing is performed in the direction opposite to the flushing direction at the time of backward flushing. That is, the valves b1, b2, d1, d2, f, h, j, and m are closed, and the valves a1, a2, c1, c2, g, and i are opened. Then, raw water having a flow rate similar to that of reverse flushing is rapidly supplied into the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b from the raw water inflow side and discharged from the concentrated water outflow first pipes 16a and 16b on the concentrated water outflow side. Further, the raw water discharged from the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b passes through the concentrated water collecting pipe 31, is supplied from the raw water inflow side into the separation membrane module 28, and is discharged from the concentrated water outflow first pipe 25 on the concentrated water outflow side. The Next, flushing is performed in the direction opposite to the flushing direction at the time of flushing, and thereafter, the same operation is repeated, and a plurality of flushing is alternately performed from both directions.
[0024]
In the flushing, an operation method in which flushing is performed separately for each separation membrane module group is preferable. For example, in the reverse flushing, the closed valve m is opened, the opened valves h and j are closed, first, the front separation membrane modules 10a and 10b are flushed, and the raw water is discharged into the second water. After flowing out from the pipe 27 and after a certain time has passed, the valves d1, d2 and m are closed, the valves c1, c2, h and j are opened, and the reverse separation membrane module 28 is flushed in the reverse direction. According to this method, the turbidity separated from the raw water spacers of the separation membrane modules 10a and 10b at the previous stage does not flow into the separation membrane module 28 at the subsequent stage, and the separation membrane module 28 at the subsequent stage is not contaminated. Yes. Further, when performing flushing in the direction opposite to the reverse flushing, for example, the valves a1, a2, and m are opened, the valves b1, b2, h, and j are closed. 10a and 10b are flushed, the raw water is discharged from the raw water outflow second pipe 27, and after a certain period of time, the valves c1, c2, and m are closed, the valves d1, d2, g, and i are opened, and the subsequent separation is performed. Flushing is preferably performed separately for each separation membrane module group such that the membrane module 28 is flushed. Also in the case of a multistage separation membrane apparatus comprising three or more separation membrane module groups, it is preferable to perform flushing separately for each separation membrane module group.
[0025]
In the case where the first flushing is in the same direction as the flow direction of the raw water that has been flowing until just before, the second operation in the case of the reverse flushing described above is performed first. Thus, the suspended matter accumulated in the raw water spacer is peeled off by multiple flushing alternately from both directions, and is surely discharged out of the element. In the case of performing such flushing, in FIG. 1, the pressure is released by the pressure regulating valves c1, c2, d1, d2, i, and j on the concentrated water outflow side. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a pressure release valve may be provided separately. In that case, it is preferable that the concentrated water outlet pipe has a larger diameter than the pipe having the valve for pressure adjustment in order to obtain a large amount of drainage. In addition, an air chamber (not shown) is installed at any one or a plurality of the concentrated water outflow first pipes 16a, 16b, 25 and the concentrated water outflow second pipes 17a, 17b, 26, and the water accumulated by the operation is collected. It may be used to perform flushing. The air chamber here refers to a device that causes the water accumulated in the chamber to flow out by the air pressurized by the pressure of the concentrated water.
[0026]
When performing multiple flushing alternately from both directions when changing the flow direction of the raw water, by removing the pressure on the raw water supply side before performing the flushing, the pressure that has pressed the membrane surface up until then is released. Therefore, it is preferable to release the pressure on the raw water supply side because the compaction of turbidity accumulated on the membrane surface and the raw water spacer can be relaxed. As a method of releasing the pressure on the raw water supply side, a method of opening the raw water outflow first pipe valve f attached to the raw water outflow first pipe 19 connected to the raw water supply main pipe 18 on the discharge side of the raw water supply pump 30 or the first In an operation in which the valves a1, a2, c1, c2, e1, e2, g, i, and k are opened, there is a method of opening the valves d1, d2, and m. The opening speed of the valve is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the valve is fully opened instantaneously, preferably within 1 second. If the pressure is released instantaneously, it is easier to loosen the membrane, and turbidity removal effect by water hammer action can be expected. In this case, it is preferable to open the permeated water side valves e1, e2, and k. This is because when the valves e1, e2 and k are closed, there is no transmembrane pressure difference and there is no force for pressing the membrane, so even if the pressure on the raw water supply side is released, the membrane will not loosen.
[0027]
Further, at the time of flushing, it is preferable that the valves e1, e2 and k attached to the permeate outflow pipes 14a, 14b and 23 are fully closed. When the valves e1, e2 and k attached to the permeate outflow pipes 14a, 14b and 23 are open, in the case of the high pressure reverse osmosis membrane module, the raw water which is the flushing liquid does not permeate at the flushing pressure level. However, the reverse osmosis membrane module for low pressure or ultra-low pressure permeates, and there is a problem that the flushing flow rate is reduced and water with reduced water quality is permeated. In addition, the back pressure generated immediately after closing the valve attached to the permeate outflow pipe has an effect of reducing the compaction of the contaminants deposited on the membrane surface, and the effect of flushing can be further enhanced.
[0028]
The flushing is preferably performed twice or more and five times or less alternately from both directions. When the number of times of flushing is one, flushing is performed only in one direction, and the cleaning effect is not sufficient, and turbidity accumulates with time. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5 times, the amount of water drained will increase, leading to a reduction in the recovery rate. The time per flushing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 seconds to 120 seconds. If it is less than 30 seconds, the cleaning effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 120 seconds, the blow time is long and the recovery rate is greatly reduced. Moreover, you may supply compressed air in raw | natural water in the case of flushing. By mixing the compressed air into the raw water, the cleaning efficiency is further increased. Although the supply amount of compressed air is not particularly limited, the volume ratio of raw water to air is preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2.
[0029]
After flushing for a predetermined time, the raw water is treated again. In this case, the flow direction of the raw water is opposite to the flow direction of the raw water that was flowing until just before the first flushing. That is, the valves a1, a2, c1, c2, f, g, i, and m are closed, and the valves d1, d2, and j are adjusted and opened so as to have a predetermined pressure in the module, and the valves b1, b2, e1, e2 And k are opened, and the raw water is treated by the separation membrane modules 10a, 10b and 28. In this way, the raw water treatment → the flushing → the raw water treatment → the flushing is sequentially repeated. The raw water treatment time is 1 hour to 24 hours, preferably 1 hour to 12 hours. When the raw water treatment time is less than 1 hour, the number of times of switching of the switching valve increases, leading to a reduction in the life of the switching valve and a reduction in the recovery rate. Moreover, if it exceeds 24 hours, the removal effect of the accumulated turbidity will reduce. Examples of the mode of switching from raw water treatment to flushing include a method of changing the flow direction after the same time has passed each time, a method of changing when a predetermined water flow differential pressure is reached, and a method of changing both in combination.
[0030]
Next, an operation method of the multistage separation membrane module according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The operation method of the multistage separation membrane module of this example is an operation method of the multistage separation membrane module in which the spiral membrane element is mounted, and the operation method includes flushing in the middle, and the flushing performed at the beginning of the flushing is This is a method that is performed in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the raw water that was flowing until just before. That is, in the third embodiment, after the flushing, the flow direction of the raw water may be the same direction as the flow direction of the previous raw water, or may be the reverse direction. This is the same as the embodiment. Accordingly, the preferred form of raw water during raw water treatment, the operation form of valves during flushing, the preferred form of the flushing method, etc. are all the same as in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, since the turbidity is sufficiently removed by flowing in the reverse direction at the time of flushing, the same effect as the second embodiment can be obtained.
[0031]
The spiral membrane element mounted on the separation membrane module used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is formed by winding a bag-shaped separation membrane together with a raw water spacer on the outer peripheral surface of the permeate water collecting pipe. The spacer comprises (i) a first wire and a second wire that extend in a meandering manner along a gentle curve from the inflow side to the outflow side of the raw water, and the first wire comprises a separation membrane. Extending along one opposing membrane surface, and forming one raw water flow path between adjacent first wire rods, the second wire rod extending along the other opposing membrane surface of the separation membrane The other raw water flow path is formed between the adjacent second wires, and the first wire and the second wire are partially overlapped and joined at the overlapping portion, (ii) ) Raw water inflow side end of separation membrane, or raw water inflow side end (Iii) In the above (ii), the raw water spacer is fixed to the raw water inflow side end of the separation membrane or the raw water inflow side end and the concentrated water outflow side end. The installation method is such that the folded raw water spacer is fixed so as to be sandwiched from both sides with respect to the end, (iv) the average number of intersections of the wires constituting the raw water spacer is 1 m spacer 2 (V) the number density of intersections of the wire constituting the raw water spacer gradually decreases or intermittently decreases along the flow direction of the raw water, (vi) ) The intersection number density of the wire constituting the raw water spacer gradually increases or intermittently increases along the flow direction of the raw water. In the above (i), the shape meandering along the gentle curve is a shape having regularity with no inflection point, and the ratio of amplitude H to wavelength L (H / L) is 0.02-2. There are 1 to 100 wavelengths per 1 m of wire, and the number of intersections is in a suitable range, and the raw water gently meanders in the raw water flow path and moves from the inflow side to the outflow side in a straight line. This is preferable in that the accumulation of turbidity in the raw water flow path is further prevented. In the above (ii) and (iii), the length in the longitudinal direction of the raw water inflow side end portion or the concentrated water outflow side end portion of the separation membrane with respect to the permeate water collecting pipe is respectively the raw water inflow side end of the separation membrane. Or from the concentrated water outflow side end to the inside is preferably 1 to 10% of the longitudinal length of the separation membrane with respect to the permeate water collecting pipe.
[0032]
In the operation method of the separation membrane module of the present invention, the separation membrane module equipped with the spiral membrane element having the raw water spacers of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) is the first embodiment. Any of the embodiment to the third embodiment can be applied. In the separation membrane module equipped with the spiral membrane element having the raw water spacers (v) and (vi), the density of intersections of the raw water spacers is limited by the flow direction of the raw water. The first embodiment and the second embodiment to be changed cannot be applied. The separation membrane module equipped with the spiral membrane element provided with the raw water spacer (v) described above uses the reverse flushing of the third embodiment to intentionally accumulate turbidity in the vicinity of the inlet of the raw water spacer. It is essential in adopting. Further, the third embodiment can be applied to the separation membrane module equipped with the spiral membrane element having the raw water spacer (vi).
[0033]
Examples of the raw water spacers (ii) to (vi) include a mesh spacer composed of a plurality of first wire rods and a plurality of second wire rods. In this case, the shape of the mesh is not particularly limited, but examples include a rhombus, a quadrangle, and a corrugated shape. The crossing form of the wires is not particularly limited, and is a form in which the wires are joined without weaving, by plain weaving Crossing form and crossing form by twill weaving are mentioned. Moreover, although an intersection point means the point where a 1st wire and a 2nd wire cross, for example, a part where a 1st wire and a 2nd wire overlap a little like an intersection in the case where a 1st wire and a 2nd wire are corrugated It may have. In addition, the cross-sectional shapes of the first wire and the second wire are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a circle, a triangle, and a quadrangle. The first wire and the second wire have the same dimensions and the same cross-sectional shape. The thickness of the raw water spacer is the sum of the diameter of the first wire and the diameter of the second wire, or slightly smaller than that, and is in the range of 0.4 to 3.0 mm. The material of the raw water spacer is not particularly limited, but polypropylene and polyethylene are preferable from the viewpoint of moldability and cost. Moreover, the manufacturing method of a raw | natural water spacer is not restrict | limited in particular, Although a well-known method can be applied, the extrusion method is preferable also from a cost surface and a precision surface.
[0034]
The spiral membrane element is formed by winding a bag-like separation membrane on the outer peripheral surface of a permeate water collecting pipe together with the raw water spacer, or a single bag-like separation membrane. It is a wound film. Examples of the separation membrane include a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane. Among these, a reverse osmosis membrane is used for the purpose of separating ionic components and low molecular components from raw water, and the effect is further exhibited in that pretreatment has been essential. Examples of the reverse osmosis membrane include a normal reverse osmosis membrane having a high removal rate of 90% or more with respect to sodium chloride in saline, a nanofiltration membrane having a low desalting rate, and a loose reverse osmosis membrane. Although nanofiltration membranes and loose reverse osmosis membranes have desalting performance, they have lower desalting performance than ordinary reverse osmosis membranes, and in particular have separation performance of hardness components such as Ca and Mg. The nanofiltration membrane and the loose reverse osmosis membrane are sometimes referred to as NF membranes.
[0035]
The reverse osmosis membrane module used in this example is not particularly limited as long as it includes the spiral membrane element, and examples thereof include a reverse osmosis membrane module having the structure shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a bag-like reverse osmosis membrane 312 is spirally wound together with the raw water spacer around the outer peripheral surface of the permeate water collecting pipe 311, and the upper part thereof is covered with an exterior body 32. In order to prevent the reverse osmosis membrane 312 wound in a spiral shape from protruding, telescope stoppers 34 having several radial ribs 33 are attached to both ends. These permeate water collecting pipe 311, reverse osmosis membrane 312, exterior body 32, and telescope stopper 34 form one spiral membrane element 35, and each permeate water collecting pipe 311 is communicated with a connector (not shown). Then, a plurality of spiral membrane elements 35 are loaded in the housing 36. A gap 37 is formed between the outer periphery of the spiral membrane element 35 and the inner periphery of the handling 36, and this gap 37 is closed with a brine seal 38. A raw water inflow pipe (not shown) for allowing raw water to flow into the housing is provided at one end of the housing 36, and a treated water pipe (not shown) and a non-permeate water pipe (not shown) communicating with the permeate water collecting pipe 311 at the other end. A reverse osmosis membrane module 39 is configured by the housing 36, its internal components, piping (nozzles) and the like.
[0036]
When the raw water is treated by the reverse osmosis membrane module 39 having such a structure, the raw water is press-fitted from one end of the housing 36 by using a pump. However, as shown by the arrow in FIG. It passes between the radial ribs 33 and enters the first spiral membrane element 35, and a part of the raw water passes through the raw water flow path defined by the raw water spacer between the membranes of the spiral membrane element 35 to the next. Reaching the spiral membrane element 35, the other raw water passes through the reverse osmosis membrane 312 and becomes permeated water, and the permeated water is collected in the permeated water collecting pipe 311. In this way, the raw water passes through the spiral membrane element 35 one after another and does not permeate the reverse osmosis membrane, and is taken out from the other end of the housing 36 as concentrated water containing turbidity and ionic impurities at a high concentration. The permeated water that has permeated through the reverse osmosis membrane is taken out of the housing 36 through the permeated water collecting pipe 31 as permeated water. In addition, the reverse osmosis membrane module used in the present invention may be one in which, for example, one spiral membrane element is attached in addition to the one in which a plurality of spiral membrane elements are attached as shown in FIG.
[0037]
In the multistage separation membrane device of the present invention, intermediate concentrated water obtained from the separation membrane device of the preceding stage or separation membrane device group is sequentially supplied to the separation membrane module of the subsequent separation membrane device or separation membrane device group. For example, a separation membrane device group 42a in the previous stage in which four separation membrane modules 41a to 41d are arranged in parallel, and a middle separation membrane in which two separation membrane modules 41e and 41f are arranged in parallel. A 4 → 2 → 1 type three-stage separation membrane device (FIG. 3) consisting of a separation membrane device 42c in the latter stage in which a device group 42b and one separation membrane module 41g are arranged. Three separation membrane modules 44a to 44c A 3 → 2 type two-stage separation membrane device comprising a separation membrane device group 43a at the front stage arranged in parallel and a separation membrane device group 43b at the latter stage in which two separation membrane modules 44d and 44e are arranged in parallel (FIG. 4A). ), A 2 → 1 type two-stage separation membrane device comprising a separation membrane device group 45a in the preceding stage in which the separation membrane modules 46a and 46b are arranged in parallel and a separation membrane device 45b in the latter stage in which the one separation membrane module 46c is arranged ( 4 (B)) and a first-stage separation membrane device 47a in which one separation membrane module 48a is arranged, and a separation membrane device 47b in the subsequent stage in which one separation membrane module 48b is arranged. A separation membrane device (FIG. 4C) can be given. FIG. 4B shows the same arrangement form as FIG. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams, and the two outflow lines from the separation membrane module show the concentrated water outflow first pipe and the concentrated water second pipe. Is different. These multistage separation membrane devices can be in an appropriate form depending on the required water recovery rate and water throughput. The multistage separation membrane apparatus according to the present invention can reliably carry out the operation method of the multistage separation membrane module according to the present invention with a simple apparatus.
[0038]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, this is only an illustration and does not restrict | limit this invention.
Example 1
Industrial water having a turbidity of 2 degrees and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m was treated with a multistage separation membrane apparatus having the flow shown in FIG. 5 and subjected to a durability operation of 2000 hours under the following operating conditions. In the multistage separation membrane apparatus, a separation membrane module equipped with one 8-inch element ES-10 (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) wound with a net-like raw water spacer was used. For the performance evaluation of the separation membrane module, the differential water pressure (MPa), the permeated water amount (l / min) and the permeated water conductivity (mS / m) at the initial stage of operation and 2000 hours of the first-stage separation membrane module are measured. I went there. In addition, after 2000 hours, the first-stage separation membrane module was disassembled and the state of adhering turbidity in the raw water channel was observed. Table 6 shows the results of each measured value in the first-stage separation membrane module. Table 6 shows the results of visual observation of the raw water flow path in the first-stage separation membrane module (the portion where the raw water spacer in the separation membrane element exists). 7 shows. In addition, the result of Examples 2-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in Table 6 and Table 7 is also the same.
[0039]
(Operating conditions)
Each valve was opened and closed according to the process chart shown in Table 1, and No. 1-No. This is repeated for up to 16 cycles. Permeation treatment conditions (collecting water A and B) were 0.75 MPa operating pressure and 2.7 m concentrated water flow rate (final stage) 3 / Hour, water temperature 25 ° C., raw water pH 7.0. Further, the flushing conditions (brushing A1, A2, B1 and B2) are a flushing water flow rate of 8.0 m. 3 / Hour, water temperature is 25 ° C.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004261724
[0041]
Example 2
A durability of 2000 hours in the same operation method as in Example 1 except that air was mixed so that the volume ratio of raw water to air was 1: 1 at each flushing A1, A2, B1 and B2 in Example 1. Drove. The performance evaluation results of the separation membrane module are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
[0042]
Example 3
Instead of continuous supply of raw water at a temperature of 25 ° C. in the raw water treatment, after supplying the raw water at 25 ° C. for 23 hours, the supply of the raw water at 50 ° C. for 1 hour was repeated, and it was carried out except for intermittent supply. The endurance operation for 2000 hours was performed by the same operation method as in Example 1. The raw water at 50 ° C. was obtained by heating the raw water at 25 ° C. with a heater. The performance evaluation results of the separation membrane module are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
[0043]
Example 4
A 2000 hour endurance operation was performed by the same operation method as in Example 1 except that raw water having pH 4.0 was used instead of raw water having pH 7.0 in raw water treatment. The raw water at pH 4.0 was prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to the raw water at pH 7.0. The performance evaluation results of the separation membrane module are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
[0044]
Example 5
Except for adding 50 mg / l of a dispersant “hypersperse MSI300” (ARGO SCIENTIFIC) to industrial water having a turbidity of 2 ° C. and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m, a 2000 hour endurance operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. went. The performance evaluation results of the separation membrane module are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
[0045]
Comparative Example 1
A known ultrafiltration membrane device for pretreatment was placed in the previous stage, and the same method as in Example 1 was performed except that only the water sampling step shown in Table 2 was performed. That is, industrial water having a turbidity of 2 degrees and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m is treated with a pretreatment device, and the treated water is further treated with a multistage membrane separation device in which two conventional commercially available separation membrane modules are connected. Was done. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.
[0046]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004261724
[0047]
Comparative Example 2
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the operating conditions were changed to the following. That is, normal treatment was carried out in a multistage separation membrane apparatus in which conventional commercial separation membrane modules were connected in two stages without treating industrial water having a turbidity of 2 degrees and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m with a pretreatment apparatus. . The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7. In Comparative Example 2, the water flow differential pressure increased extremely by about 800 hours and permeated water could not be obtained, so the operation was stopped at this point.
[0048]
(Operating conditions)
Operating pressure is 0.75 MPa, concentrated water flow rate is 2.7 m 3 / Hour, the water temperature was 25 ° C., and the raw water pH was 7.0. In addition, each valve is opened and closed according to the process of Table 3, and This was repeated with 1 and 2 as one cycle.
[0049]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004261724
[0050]
Example 6
Industrial water having a turbidity of 2 degrees and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m was treated with a multistage separation membrane apparatus having the flow shown in FIG. 1, and a 2000 hour endurance operation was performed under the following operating conditions. For the performance evaluation of the separation membrane module, the differential pressure (MPa), the permeated water amount (l / min), and the permeated water conductivity (mS / m) at the initial operation and 2000 hours of the first-stage separation membrane module 11a were measured. It was done by doing. In addition, after 2000 hours, the first-stage separation membrane module 11a was disassembled and the state of adhering turbidity in the raw water flow path was observed. Table 6 shows the results of the measured values, and Table 7 shows the results of visual observation of the raw water channel.
[0051]
(Operating conditions)
Each valve is opened and closed according to the process chart shown in Table 4, and the process No. 1-No. This is repeated for up to 16 cycles. Permeation treatment conditions (collecting water A and B) are operating pressure 0.75 MPa, concentrated water flow rate (final stage) 4.4 m. 3 / Hour, water temperature 25 ° C., raw water pH 7.0, and flushing conditions (brushing A1, A2, B1, and B2) have a flushing water flow rate of 8.0 m. 3 / Hour, water temperature is 25 ° C.
[0052]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004261724
[0053]
Comparative Example 3
The procedure was the same as in Example 6 except that the operating conditions were changed as follows. In other words, a multistage separation membrane device in which two conventional commercially available separation membrane modules are directly connected to the former and one downstream of the industrial water having a turbidity of 2 degrees and an electrical conductivity of 20 mS / m without being treated by the pretreatment device. Normal processing was performed. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7. In Comparative Example 2, the water flow differential pressure increased extremely by about 800 hours and permeated water could not be obtained, so the operation was stopped at this point.
[0054]
(Operating conditions)
Operating pressure is 0.75 MPa, concentrated water flow is 4.4 m 3 / Hour, the water temperature was 25 ° C., and the raw water pH was 7.0. In addition, each valve is opened and closed according to the process of Table 5, and the process No. This was repeated with 1 and 2 as one cycle.
[0055]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004261724
[0056]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004261724
[0057]
[Table 7]
Figure 2004261724
[0058]
In Examples 1 to 6, after 2000 hours, there was almost no increase in water flow differential pressure, no decrease in the amount of permeated water, and the quality of the permeated water was high. Comparative Example 1 shows a result comparable to that of the example in the performance evaluation after 2000 hours. However, this is provided with a pretreatment device, which requires additional installation location and installation cost. Therefore, although the comparative object of Examples 1-5 is Comparative Example 2, the adhesion of turbidity was intense until Comparative Example 2 until the permeated water amount became zero in about 800 hours. Although the comparative object of Example 6 is Comparative Example 3, in Comparative Example 3, the adhesion of turbidity was severe until the amount of permeated water reached zero in about 800 hours.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
According to the operation method of the multistage separation membrane module of the present invention, the suspended matter accumulated in the raw water spacer wound around the spiral membrane element of the separation membrane module used in the multistage separation membrane apparatus can be efficiently removed. . In addition, there is no problem that the flushing flow rate that can occur in the reverse osmosis membrane module for low pressure or ultra-low pressure is reduced, and the pollutant accumulated on the membrane surface is consolidated by the back pressure generated immediately after the permeate side valve is closed. There is also an effect of mitigating, and the effect of flushing can be further enhanced. In addition, by releasing the pressure on the raw water supply side, the pressure that has been pressing the membrane surface until then is released, so the membrane will be slightly loosened, and the compaction of turbidity that accumulates on the membrane surface and the raw water spacer will be eased. Can do. Moreover, according to the multistage separation membrane apparatus of the present invention, the operation method can be reliably carried out with a simple apparatus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a flow of an example of a multi-stage separation membrane apparatus that implements the operation method of this example.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a separation membrane module in the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flow of the multistage separation membrane device of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another flow of the multistage separation membrane apparatus of the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow of a multistage separation membrane apparatus for carrying out Examples 1 to 5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a conventional reverse osmosis membrane module.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example of a conventional multistage separation membrane apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
8, 50, 50a-50c Multistage separation membrane device
9a, 9b, 42a to 42c, 43a, 43b, 45a, 45b, 47a, 47b Separation membrane device group
10a, 10b, 28 Separation membrane module
11a-11c, 41a-41g, 44a-44e, 46a-46c, 48a, 48b Separation membrane device
12a, 12b Raw water supply first piping
13a, 13b Raw water supply second piping
14a, 14b, 23 Permeate outflow piping
15a, 15b, 24 Flow direction change piping
16a, 16b, 25 Concentrated water outflow first piping
17a, 17b, 26 Concentrated water outflow second piping
18 Raw water supply main piping
19 Raw water outflow first piping
20a, 20b Raw water supply branch piping
21 1st concentrated water supply main piping (raw water supply main piping of the latter stage)
22 1st concentrated water supply 2nd piping (the latter raw water supply 2nd piping)
27 Raw water outflow second piping (Raw water outflow piping in the latter stage)
30 pumps
31 Concentrated water collection pipe
a1, a2, g 1st valve
b1, b2, h Second valve
c1, c2, i 3rd valve
d1, d2, j 4th valve
e1, e2, k Permeate outflow piping valve
f, m Raw water outflow piping valve
311 Permeated water collecting pipe
312 Reverse osmosis membrane
32 Exterior body
33 Ribs
34 Telescope stop
35 Spiral type membrane element
36 housing
37 Clearance
38 brine seal
39 Reverse Osmosis Membrane Module

Claims (8)

1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する前段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群の中間濃縮水が、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する後段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群に順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法であって、該分離膜モジュールの被処理水の流れ方向を、定期又は不定期に反対方向へ変更することを特徴とする多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。Attach one or two or more spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel The intermediate concentrated water of the previous separation membrane module or separation membrane module group to which one or more spiral membrane elements are installed in parallel A method for operating two or more stages of separation membrane modules sequentially supplied to a subsequent separation membrane module or separation membrane module group, wherein the flow direction of the water to be treated in the separation membrane module is opposed to regular or irregular A method for operating a multistage separation membrane module, characterized in that the direction is changed. 前記被処理水の流れ方向変更時に、両方向から交互に複数回フラッシングを行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。The method for operating a multistage separation membrane module according to claim 1, wherein, when the flow direction of the water to be treated is changed, flushing is alternately performed a plurality of times from both directions. 毎回のフラッシングの最初に行うフラッシングは、直前まで流れていた被処理水の流れ方向と逆方向に行うことを特徴とする請求項2記載の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。3. The operation method of a multistage separation membrane module according to claim 2, wherein the flushing performed at the beginning of each flushing is performed in a direction opposite to the flow direction of the water to be treated which has flowed until immediately before. 1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する前段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群の中間濃縮水が、1基又は2基以上並列配置されたスパイラル型膜エレメントを装着する後段の分離膜モジュール又は分離膜モジュール群に順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法であって、該運転方法が途中に1回又は複数回のフラッシングを含み、該フラッシングの最初に行うフラッシングは、直前までに流れていた被処理水の流れ方向と逆方向に行うことを特徴とする多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。Attach one or two or more spiral membrane elements arranged in parallel The intermediate concentrated water of the previous separation membrane module or separation membrane module group to which one or more spiral membrane elements are installed in parallel A method of operating a multistage separation membrane module having two or more stages sequentially supplied to a subsequent separation membrane module or a group of separation membrane modules, the operation method including one or a plurality of flushing in the middle, The method of operating a multistage separation membrane module, characterized in that the first flushing is performed in a direction opposite to the flow direction of the water to be treated that has flowed immediately before. 前記フラッシング時に、透過水側の弁を全閉とすることを特徴とする請求項2〜4のいずれか1項記載の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。The operation method of the multistage separation membrane module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the permeate-side valve is fully closed during the flushing. 前記フラッシングを行う前に、原水供給側の圧抜きを行うことを特徴とする請求項2〜5のいずれか1項記載の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。The operation method of the multistage separation membrane module according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein pressure release on the raw water supply side is performed before the flushing. 前記フラッシングを各段の分離膜モジュール毎又は分離膜モジュール群毎に分けて行うことを特徴とする請求項2〜6のいずれか1項記載の多段式分離膜モジュールの運転方法。The operation method of a multistage separation membrane module according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the flushing is performed separately for each separation membrane module or separation membrane module group. 前段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールから得られる中間濃縮水が、後段の分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群の分離膜モジュールに順次供給される2段以上の多段式分離膜装置であって、該分離膜装置又は分離膜装置群を構成する分離膜装置が、第1弁に接続する原水供給第1配管と、第1弁と分離膜モジュールとを接続する原水供給第2配管と、該分離膜モジュールと、該分離膜モジュールの透過水側に接続される透過水流出配管と、該原水供給第1配管と該分離膜モジュールの濃縮水流出側に接続し第2弁を有する流れ方向転換配管と、該流れ方向転換配管と接続し第3弁を有する濃縮水流出第1配管と、該原水供給第2配管から分岐し第4弁を有する濃縮水流出第2配管とを備えるものであることを特徴とする多段式分離膜装置。Two or more multi-stage separation membrane devices in which intermediate concentrated water obtained from the separation membrane device in the preceding stage or the separation membrane module in the separation membrane device group is sequentially supplied to the separation membrane module in the subsequent separation membrane device or separation membrane device group The separation membrane device or the separation membrane device group constituting the separation membrane device group includes a raw water supply first pipe connected to the first valve and a raw water supply second pipe connecting the first valve and the separation membrane module. The separation membrane module; a permeate outflow pipe connected to the permeate side of the separation membrane module; the raw water supply first pipe; and a second valve connected to the concentrated water outflow side of the separation membrane module. A flow direction changing pipe; a concentrated water outflow first pipe connected to the flow direction changing pipe and having a third valve; and a concentrated water outflow second pipe branched from the raw water supply second pipe and having a fourth valve. Multistage separation membrane characterized by being Location.
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US9901878B2 (en) 2012-05-22 2018-02-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Membrane separation device and operation method for membrane separation device
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