JP2004256637A - Resin composition and its preparation method - Google Patents

Resin composition and its preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004256637A
JP2004256637A JP2003047757A JP2003047757A JP2004256637A JP 2004256637 A JP2004256637 A JP 2004256637A JP 2003047757 A JP2003047757 A JP 2003047757A JP 2003047757 A JP2003047757 A JP 2003047757A JP 2004256637 A JP2004256637 A JP 2004256637A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
polyvinyl alcohol
resin
based resin
resin composition
polymerization
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JP2003047757A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshifumi Matsuoka
敏文 松岡
Akinobu Oharada
明信 小原田
Norio Nakamura
憲雄 中村
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Japan Vam and Poval Co Ltd
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Japan Vam and Poval Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003047757A priority Critical patent/JP2004256637A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin composition which has high strength and adhesive property, is easily molded and can be used as a structure or a molding material for various molded products. <P>SOLUTION: The resin composition is obtained by melt-kneading a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a melting temperature of ≤230°C with polylactic acid. Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol resin comprises a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of ≤700 and a saponification number of ≤84 mol%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、樹脂組成物及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポリビニルアルコール(以下PVAと略記する事がある)系樹脂は造膜性、接着性、ガスバリア性等に優れた水溶性高分子で、繊維加工用の糊剤、紙、木材の接着剤、また、上質紙、板紙や段ボールライナー用紙等の表面強度向上剤や剥離紙のアンダーコート剤として、さらにはフィルム、繊維、各種無機材料のバインダー、乳化安定剤、懸濁重合用分散安定剤など多くの分野で幅広く使用されている。また、PVAは自然界に存在するシュードモナス菌によって生分解される。
【0003】
一方、ポリ乳酸も近年、生分解性樹脂として注目されはじめ、フィルム、繊維や各種構造体・成形物の原料として使用され始めている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一般的にポリ乳酸は熱溶融性樹脂で通常200℃以下の温度で溶融成型することが出来るが接着力や樹脂強度に乏しい。一方PVAの場合は溶融温度と熱分解温度が比較的近いため熱溶融成形することが困難であった。また、重合度やケン化度が低いPVAを使用したり、可塑剤を多量に添加して成形したものは強度が不足したり、可塑剤のブリードアウトが生じたり、耐湿性が低下したりする場合があり、構造材料として使用するには不安があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意検討を重ねた結果、溶融温度が230℃以下のPVA系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することにより得られる樹脂組成物用いることが上記課題を達成するのに有効であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1) 溶融温度が230℃以下のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することにより得られる樹脂組成物、
(2) ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が重合度700以下でケン化度が84モル%以下のポリビニルアルコールからなることを特徴とする(1)記載の樹脂組成物、
(3) ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が酢酸ビニルとα−オレフィンとの共重合体のケン化物であることを特徴とする(1)記載の樹脂組成物、
(4) ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が主鎖または側鎖にオキシアルキレン基を有する事を特徴とする(1)記載の樹脂組成物、
(5) オキシアルキレン基が一般式
【化3】

Figure 2004256637
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシエチレン基または一般式
【化4】
Figure 2004256637
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシプロピレン基であり、かつ、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が全単量体に対してオキシアルキレン基を含む単量体単位を0.1〜50モル%含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であることを特徴とする(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物、
(6) ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が側鎖にアルキル基を有することを特徴とする(1)記載のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、
(7) 溶融温度が230℃以下のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することを特徴とする樹脂組成物の製造方法、
(8) さらに、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の可塑剤、ポリ酢酸ビニルの可塑剤、アニオン界面活性剤、ワックスの中から選ばれる添加剤の1種以上の存在下に溶融混練することを特徴とする(7)記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法、
に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明において用いられるPVA系樹脂は脂肪族ビニルエステルを重合して得られた脂肪族ポリビニルエステルをケン化する事により得られ、溶融温度が230℃以下、好ましくは200℃以下のPVAである。溶融温度が230℃以下を達成できるのであれば重合度、ケン化度に特に制限はないが、混練のしやすさや混練時の攪拌機のトルク等を考慮すると、未変性のPVAの場合、ケン化度は84モル%以下、重合度は700以下が好ましい。溶融温度が230℃を超える場合にはポリ乳酸と溶融混練する際にポリ乳酸が熱劣化する場合がある。
【0008】
本発明のPVA系樹脂を製造する際に用いられる脂肪族ビニルエステル類としては、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、ステアリン酸ビニルなどがあげられるが、工業的には酢酸ビニルが望ましい。また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で脂肪族ビニルエステルと共重合可能な不飽和単量体と脂肪族ビニルエステルとの共重合を行っても良い。脂肪族ビニルエステルと共重合可能な不飽和単量体としては、例えば、マレイン酸モノメチル、イタコン酸モノメチル等の不飽和二塩基酸モノアルキルエステル類、ダイアセトンアクリルアミド、アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン等のアミド基含有単量体、ラウリルビニルエーテル、ステアリルビニルエーテル等のアルキルビニルエーテル、アリルアルコール、ジメチルアリルアルコール、イソプロペニルアリルアルコール等の水酸基含有単量体、アリルアセテート、ジメチルアリルアセテート、イソプロペニルアリルアセテート等のアセチル基含有単量体、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル、トリメトキシビニルシラン、トリブチルビニルシラン、ジフェニルメチルビニルシラン等のビニルシラン類、エチレン、プロピレン等のα−オレフィン類、アリルスルホン酸Na、メタリルスルホン酸Na、スチレンスルホン酸Na等のスルホン基含有単量体、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸−2−エチルへキシル、アクリル酸−n−ブチル、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メタクリロキシエチルフェニル)−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール等のアクリル酸系単量体、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンビニルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンビニルエーテル等のオキシアルキレン基含有単量体等が挙げられるが中でもPVA系樹脂の溶融温度を下げる効果の高い、オキシアルキレン基含有単量体、エチレン、アルキルビニルエーテルが特に好ましい。これらの単量体はそれぞれ単独で用いてもよいが、二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0009】
本発明で言うオキシアルキレン基とは一般式
【化5】
Figure 2004256637
[但しR、Rは水素またはアルキル基、Xは水素、アルキル基、アルキルエステル基、アルキルアミド基、スルホン酸塩基等の有機酸基、nは1〜100の整数を示す]
で表される構造を有するものであり、なかでもnが1〜50、好ましくは3〜50のオキシエチレン基もしくはオキシプロピレン基が好適である。
【0010】
脂肪族ビニルエステル類の重合方法は公知のものでよく、塊状重合法、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合法等があげられるが、中でもメチルアルコール、エチルアルコール等の溶剤中でα,α’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBNと略称する)、2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)、過酢酸、ジ−n−プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート等のアゾ系または過酸化物系の開始剤を用いて重合する方法が一般的である。重合の際には2−メルカプトエタノール等の重合度調整用の連鎖移動剤を用いたり、重合終了の際にハイドロキノン、TEMPO、メタ−ジニトロベンゼン等の重合禁止剤・重合用抑制剤等を用いても良い。また、未反応の単量体の除去方法及びケン化、乾燥、粉砕方法等も公知の方法でよく、特に制限は無い。
【0011】
本発明のポリ乳酸樹脂は、通常、糖類・でんぷんを主原料として得られる乳酸を重合したものである。この際、乳酸のみである必要はなく、乳酸の一部として例えばリンゴ酸、グルコール酸等の他のヒドロキシカルボン酸が用いられてもよい。乳酸は、L−乳酸、D−乳酸又はそれらの混合物であってよい。また、層状ケイ酸塩やカーボンブラック、シリカ等を添加したナノコンポジットポリ乳酸を用いてもかまわない。本発明のポリ乳酸樹脂は、乳酸と多価アルコールや多塩基酸との共重合物であってよい。乳酸を得るための発酵方法、ポリ乳酸を得るための重合方法等は公知のものでよく特に制限はない。例えば、ラクチド法、多価アルコールと多塩基酸との重縮合、または分子内に水酸基とカルボキシル基とを有するヒドロキシカルボン酸の分子間重縮合などが好都合に用いられる。
【0012】
本発明の樹脂組成物はPVA系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することにより得られるが溶融混練する方法に特に制限はなく、双軸ニーダー、押出成型機、プラストミル等の公知の混練機を用いることができる。混練機への原料の投入方法にも特に制限はなく、PVA系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを同時に投入して溶融混練しても、どちらか一方を先に投入して加熱溶融後残りの原料を投入して混練してもかまわない。また、PVA系樹脂、ポリ乳酸樹脂の割合にも制限はなく任意の割合で混合できるが樹脂強度、接着性等を考慮するとPVA系樹脂100質量部に対してポリ乳酸樹脂約10〜800質量部の範囲が好ましい。溶融温度は特に制限はないが原料であるPVA系樹脂およびポリ乳酸の熱分解を防止するためにも加熱温度は、PVA系樹脂の融点以上でポリ乳酸樹脂の熱分解温度以下であるのが好ましく、具体的には、約230℃以下、好ましくは約200℃以下にした方が良く、混練時間も樹脂の分解を抑制するという意味で約1時間以内が好ましい。
【0013】
本発明において溶融混練を行う際、ソルビトール、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ジエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、1,3ブタンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン等のPVA系樹脂の可塑剤、またはフタル酸ジブチル、クエン酸アセチルトリブチル、アジピン酸ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)、アジピン酸ポリエステル等のポリ酢酸ビニルの可塑剤を適当量添加することで溶融温度を約5〜50℃下げることができ溶融混練が低温で可能となる。また同様にドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム等のアニオン界面活性剤またはエステルワックス、部分ケン化エステルワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、酸化ポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス等のワックスを添加することで溶融粘度を低下させることができる。可塑剤またはアニオン界面活性剤、ワックスの添加量は特に制限はないが可塑剤のブリードアウトを防止する、または、樹脂物性を維持すると言う観点からPVA系樹脂に対して約50質量%以下が好ましい。これら溶融混練を補助する添加剤は2種以上を併用しても良い。
【0014】
さらに溶融混練を行う際、本発明の範囲を損なわない範囲で層状ケイ酸塩、シリカ、カーボンブラック、タルク等の充填剤、帯電防止剤、架橋剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、難燃化剤等を添加することも可能である。
【0015】
本発明において、ポリビニルアルコールの重合度(P)及びケン化度は、JIS−K6726に従って測定される。ポリビニルアルコールの溶融温度は、DSCを用いて、窒素中、昇温速度10℃/分で250℃まで昇温後、室温まで冷却し、再度昇温速度10℃/分で250℃まで昇温した場合のポリビニルアルコールの融点を示す吸熱ピークのピークトップの温度を意味する。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、具体例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によってなんら限定されるものではない。なお以下の実施例において「%」および「部」は特に断りのない限り。「質量%」および「質量部」を意味する。
【0017】
<PVA系樹脂の合成例1>
攪拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計、圧力計を備えた反応器を窒素置換した後、脱酸素した酢酸ビニルモノマー2800質量部、エタノール1000質量部を仕込み攪拌下で昇温を開始し内温が60℃となったところで、別途エタノール50質量部に開始剤としてAIBN1.5質量部を溶解した溶液を添加して重合を開始した。60℃で4時間重合した後、冷却して重合を停止した。このときの重合溶液中の固形分濃度は57.3%であった。得られた重合溶液を塔内に多孔板を多段数有する脱モノマー塔に供給して塔下部よりメタノール蒸気を吹き込んで重合溶液と接触させ未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを除去した。このときのポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液の固形分濃度は44%であった。このポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液1000質量部に2%水酸化ナトリウム−メタノール溶液を18質量部添加後よく混合して40℃で1時間放置した。ケン化後得られたゲルを粉砕機で粉砕した後、60℃の送風乾燥機で乾燥した。乾燥後粉砕を行い本発明のPVA系樹脂を得た。重合度が380でケン化度が70モル%であり、溶融温度は160℃であった。
【0018】
<PVA系樹脂の合成例2>
攪拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計、圧力計を備えた反応器を窒素置換した後、脱酸素した酢酸ビニルモノマー1800質量部、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル−EO付加物(EOの付加数は10単位)1000質量部、メタノール1500質量部を仕込み攪拌下で昇温を開始し内温が60℃となったところで、別途メタノール50質量部に開始剤としてAIBNを2.0質量部を溶解した溶液を添加して重合を開始した。60℃で5時間重合した後、冷却して重合を停止した。このときの重合溶液中の固形分濃度は55.1%であった。得られた重合溶液を塔内に多孔板を多段数有する脱モノマー等に供給して塔下部よりメタノール蒸気を吹き込んで重合溶液と接触させ未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを除去した。このときのポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液の固形分濃度は42%であった。このポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液1000質量部に2%水酸化ナトリウム−メタノール溶液を18質量部添加後よく混合して40℃で1時間放置した。ケン化後得られたゲルを粉砕機で粉砕した後、60℃の送風乾燥機で乾燥した。乾燥後粉砕を行い本発明のPVA系樹脂を得た。重合度が650でケン化度が88モル%であり、溶融温度は160℃であった。
【0019】
<溶融混練物の評価>
・均一性
樹脂が分離していないか、粒状の未溶融物が存在していないか添加剤を添加した場合は添加剤がブリードアウトしていないかを目視または倍率100倍の光学顕微鏡で観察した。
・強度
溶融した樹脂を型枠に流し込み直径1cm、長さ5cmの円柱にして成形物がもろく容易に崩壊しないかどうかを観察した。
・接着性
溶融物を紙(中性紙)、木(カバ材)、無機物(花崗岩)、繊維(木綿の布)、金属(SAS304)に塗布し冷却後容易に剥がれるかどうかを観察した。
【0020】
(実施例1)
合成例1で得られた重合度380、ケン化度70モル%、溶融温度が180℃のPVA系樹脂50質量部とユニチカ株式会社製ポリ乳酸「T−4000」50質量部を東洋精機株式会社製混練機「ラボプラストミル」にて180℃にて10分間溶融混練した。PVA系樹脂とポリ乳酸は分離したり熱分解することなく混練することができた。得られた樹脂組成物は強度が高く、接着性も高かった。
【0021】
(実施例2)
実施例1のPVA系樹脂の代わりに合成例2で得られたPVA系樹脂を使用した以外は実施例1と同様に溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0022】
(実施例3)
実施例1のPVA系樹脂の代わりに重合度650、ケン化度88モル%、ラウリルビニルエーテルを8モル%共重合したPVA系樹脂を25質量部使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0023】
(実施例4)
実施例1の溶融混練時にジエチレングリコール10質量部を添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練した。溶融温度を170℃にすることができ、かつ、樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0024】
(実施例5)
実施例1のPVA系樹脂に代えて重合度1000、ケン化度64モル%、溶融温度175℃のPVA系樹脂を使用し、溶融混練時にドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを5質量部添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0025】
(実施例6)
実施例1の溶融混練時にクエン酸アセチルトリブチルを15質量部添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0026】
(実施例7)
実施例5のドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムに代えて部分ケン化エステルワックス Licowax OP(クラリアントジャパン株式会社製)を10質量部使用した以外は実施例5と同様にして溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0027】
(実施例8)
実施例1で使用したポリ乳酸に代えて、層状ケイ酸塩をナノコンポジットしたポリ乳酸系樹脂 TE−6100(ユニチカ株式会社製)を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練した。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0028】
(実施例9)
実施例1で使用したPVA系樹脂に代えて、エチレン含有量が8.5モル%、重合度が580、ケン化度が80モル%のPVA系樹脂を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして溶融混練を行った。樹脂の均一性、強度、接着性に問題はなかった。
【0029】
(比較例1)
重合度1800、ケン化度88モル%、溶融温度248℃のPVA系樹脂を使用して255℃で溶融混練した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施した。10分の溶融混練ではPVA系樹脂の粒が確認でき、混練物も茶褐色に変色した。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により得られる樹脂組成物は強度が高く、成形が容易であるため各種成形物の構造体・成形原料として使用することができ、なおかつ接着性が高いため、紙、木、金属、無機物、プラスチック類等の接着剤として活用できる。また、PVA系樹脂の種類を選択することでポリ乳酸を安定によりよく水分散させることができる。このほか、セラミックスのプレス成形用バインダーやテープ成形用バインダーとしても有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a resin composition and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PVA) -based resin is a water-soluble polymer having excellent film-forming properties, adhesive properties, gas barrier properties, etc., and is used as an adhesive for fiber processing, paper, wood adhesive, Many fields such as surface strength improver for high quality paper, paperboard and corrugated cardboard liner and undercoat agent for release paper, as well as films, fibers, binders for various inorganic materials, emulsion stabilizers, dispersion stabilizers for suspension polymerization, etc. Widely used in. PVA is biodegraded by Pseudomonas bacteria existing in nature.
[0003]
On the other hand, polylactic acid has recently started attracting attention as a biodegradable resin, and has begun to be used as a raw material for films, fibers, various structures and molded products.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Generally, polylactic acid is a hot-melt resin which can be usually melt-molded at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, but has poor adhesive strength and resin strength. On the other hand, in the case of PVA, it was difficult to perform hot-melt molding because the melting temperature and the thermal decomposition temperature were relatively close. In addition, the use of PVA having a low degree of polymerization or saponification or the addition of a large amount of a plasticizer to form a molded article lacks strength, causes bleed-out of the plasticizer, or reduces moisture resistance. In some cases, it was uneasy to use it as a structural material.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, it is effective to use a resin composition obtained by melt-kneading a PVA-based resin having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower and polylactic acid to achieve the above object. This led to the completion of the present invention.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1) a resin composition obtained by melt-kneading a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower and polylactic acid,
(2) The resin composition according to (1), wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin comprises polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 700 or less and a degree of saponification of 84 mol% or less.
(3) The resin composition according to (1), wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is a saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and an α-olefin.
(4) The resin composition according to (1), wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin has an oxyalkylene group in a main chain or a side chain.
(5) The oxyalkylene group has a general formula:
Figure 2004256637
[Where n is an integer of 1 to 50]
An oxyethylene group represented by the general formula or
Figure 2004256637
[Where n is an integer of 1 to 50]
And that the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing 0.1 to 50 mol% of a monomer unit containing an oxyalkylene group with respect to all monomers. The resin composition according to any one of (1) to (4),
(6) The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin according to (1), wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin has an alkyl group in a side chain.
(7) A method for producing a resin composition, comprising melting and kneading a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower and polylactic acid.
(8) Further, melt kneading is performed in the presence of one or more additives selected from a plasticizer of a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a plasticizer of polyvinyl acetate, an anionic surfactant, and a wax ( 7) The method for producing the resin composition according to the above,
About.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The PVA resin used in the present invention is obtained by saponifying an aliphatic polyvinyl ester obtained by polymerizing an aliphatic vinyl ester, and is a PVA having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or lower. The degree of polymerization and the degree of saponification are not particularly limited as long as the melting temperature can be at most 230 ° C., but considering the ease of kneading and the torque of the stirrer during kneading, in the case of unmodified PVA, The degree is preferably 84 mol% or less, and the degree of polymerization is preferably 700 or less. When the melting temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the polylactic acid may be thermally degraded when melt-kneaded with the polylactic acid.
[0008]
Examples of the aliphatic vinyl esters used in producing the PVA-based resin of the present invention include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate, and vinyl stearate. Is desirable. Further, an unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with an aliphatic vinyl ester and an aliphatic vinyl ester may be copolymerized within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of the unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the aliphatic vinyl ester include unsaturated dibasic acid monoalkyl esters such as monomethyl maleate and monomethyl itaconate, diacetone acrylamide, acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, and N-methylol. Acrylamide, amide group-containing monomers such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, alkyl vinyl ethers such as lauryl vinyl ether and stearyl vinyl ether, allyl alcohol, dimethyl allyl alcohol, hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as isopropenyl allyl alcohol, allyl acetate, Acetyl group-containing monomers such as dimethylallyl acetate and isopropenyl allyl acetate, vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl fluoride, trimethoxyvinylsilane and tributyl Nylsilane, vinylsilanes such as diphenylmethylvinylsilane, ethylene, α-olefins such as propylene, allyl sulfonate Na, methallyl sulfonate Na, styrene sulfonate-containing monomers such as Na styrene sulfonate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Acrylic monomers such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloxyethylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, polyoxyethylene ( (Meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylamide, polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylamide, polyoxyethylene (meth) allyl ether, polyoxypropylene (meth) allyl ether, Polyoxyethylene vinyl Ether, oxyalkylene group-containing monomers such as polyoxypropylene vinyl ether is highly effective to lower the melting temperature among them PVA-based resin, an oxyalkylene group-containing monomer, ethylene, alkyl vinyl ether is particularly preferred. Each of these monomers may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
[0009]
The oxyalkylene group referred to in the present invention is represented by the general formula:
Figure 2004256637
[However, R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, X is hydrogen, an organic acid group such as an alkyl group, an alkyl ester group, an alkylamide group, a sulfonate group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 100]
In particular, an oxyethylene group or an oxypropylene group in which n is 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 50 is suitable.
[0010]
The polymerization method of the aliphatic vinyl ester may be a known one, and includes a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method and the like. Among them, methyl alcohol, α, An azo or peroxy compound such as α'-azobisisobutyronitrile (abbreviated as AIBN), 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), peracetic acid, di-n-propylperoxydicarbonate, etc. A method of polymerizing using an oxide-based initiator is generally used. In the polymerization, use a chain transfer agent for controlling the degree of polymerization such as 2-mercaptoethanol, or use a polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinone, TEMPO, meta-dinitrobenzene or the like at the end of the polymerization. Is also good. The method of removing unreacted monomers and the method of saponification, drying, pulverization and the like may be known methods, and are not particularly limited.
[0011]
The polylactic acid resin of the present invention is generally obtained by polymerizing lactic acid obtained using saccharides and starch as main raw materials. At this time, it is not necessary to use only lactic acid, and another hydroxycarboxylic acid such as malic acid or glycolic acid may be used as a part of lactic acid. The lactic acid may be L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid or a mixture thereof. Further, a nanocomposite polylactic acid to which a layered silicate, carbon black, silica or the like is added may be used. The polylactic acid resin of the present invention may be a copolymer of lactic acid and a polyhydric alcohol or a polybasic acid. The fermentation method for obtaining lactic acid, the polymerization method for obtaining polylactic acid, and the like are well known and are not particularly limited. For example, a lactide method, polycondensation of a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid, or intermolecular polycondensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in the molecule are conveniently used.
[0012]
The resin composition of the present invention can be obtained by melt-kneading a PVA-based resin and polylactic acid, but the method of melt-kneading is not particularly limited, and a known kneading machine such as a twin-screw kneader, an extruder, and a plastomill is used. be able to. There is no particular limitation on the method of charging the raw materials to the kneading machine. Even if the PVA-based resin and polylactic acid are simultaneously charged and melt-kneaded, one of them is charged first, and the remaining raw materials are charged after heating and melting. It may be mixed and kneaded. The proportions of the PVA-based resin and the polylactic acid resin are not limited, and can be mixed at any ratio. However, considering resin strength, adhesiveness, etc., about 10 to 800 parts by mass of the polylactic acid resin per 100 parts by mass of the PVA-based resin Is preferable. The melting temperature is not particularly limited, but the heating temperature is preferably not less than the melting point of the PVA resin and not more than the thermal decomposition temperature of the polylactic acid resin in order to prevent the thermal decomposition of the raw materials PVA resin and polylactic acid. Specifically, the temperature is preferably about 230 ° C. or less, preferably about 200 ° C. or less, and the kneading time is preferably about 1 hour or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition of the resin.
[0013]
When melt kneading in the present invention, a plasticizer of a PVA resin such as sorbitol, glycerin, diglycerin, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,3 butanediol, trimethylolpropane, or dibutyl phthalate, acetyltributyl citrate, adipine By adding an appropriate amount of a polyvinyl acetate plasticizer such as bis (2-ethylhexyl) acid or adipic acid polyester, the melting temperature can be lowered by about 5 to 50 ° C., and melt kneading becomes possible at a low temperature. Similarly, add an anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate or a wax such as an ester wax, a partially saponified ester wax, a polyethylene wax, a polyethylene oxide wax, and a polypropylene wax. By doing so, the melt viscosity can be reduced. The amount of the plasticizer, anionic surfactant, or wax is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50% by mass or less based on the PVA-based resin from the viewpoint of preventing bleed-out of the plasticizer or maintaining resin physical properties. . Two or more of these additives for assisting melt kneading may be used in combination.
[0014]
Furthermore, when performing melt kneading, a filler such as a layered silicate, silica, carbon black, talc, an antistatic agent, a crosslinking agent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, and a light stabilizer within a range not to impair the scope of the present invention. It is also possible to add a flame retardant or the like.
[0015]
In the present invention, the degree of polymerization (P) and the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol are measured according to JIS-K6726. The melting temperature of polyvinyl alcohol was raised to 250 ° C. in nitrogen at a rate of 10 ° C./min in nitrogen, cooled to room temperature, and again raised to 250 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min using DSC. In this case, it means the temperature at the peak top of the endothermic peak indicating the melting point of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, “%” and “parts” are unless otherwise specified. It means "% by mass" and "parts by mass".
[0017]
<Synthesis example 1 of PVA-based resin>
After the reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer, and a pressure gauge was purged with nitrogen, 2800 parts by mass of deoxygenated vinyl acetate monomer and 1000 parts by mass of ethanol were charged and the temperature was increased under stirring. When the internal temperature reached 60 ° C., a solution prepared by dissolving 1.5 parts by mass of AIBN as an initiator in 50 parts by mass of ethanol was separately added to initiate polymerization. After polymerization at 60 ° C. for 4 hours, the polymerization was stopped by cooling. At this time, the solid content concentration in the polymerization solution was 57.3%. The obtained polymerization solution was supplied to a demonomer column having a multi-stage porous plate in the column, and methanol vapor was blown from the bottom of the column to contact the polymerization solution to remove unreacted vinyl acetate monomer. At this time, the solid concentration of the polyvinyl acetate-methanol solution was 44%. 18 parts by mass of a 2% sodium hydroxide-methanol solution was added to 1000 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetate resin-methanol solution, mixed well, and left at 40 ° C. for 1 hour. The gel obtained after saponification was pulverized by a pulverizer and then dried by a blow dryer at 60 ° C. After drying, pulverization was performed to obtain a PVA-based resin of the present invention. The degree of polymerization was 380, the degree of saponification was 70 mol%, and the melting temperature was 160 ° C.
[0018]
<Synthesis example 2 of PVA-based resin>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer, and a pressure gauge was purged with nitrogen, and then 1800 parts by mass of deoxygenated vinyl acetate monomer, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether-EO adduct (the number of EO added was 10 (Unit) 1000 parts by mass of methanol and 1500 parts by mass of methanol were charged, the temperature was raised under stirring, and when the internal temperature reached 60 ° C., a solution in which 2.0 parts by mass of AIBN was separately dissolved as an initiator in 50 parts by mass of methanol. Was added to initiate polymerization. After polymerization at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, the polymerization was stopped by cooling. At this time, the solid content concentration in the polymerization solution was 55.1%. The obtained polymerization solution was supplied to a demonomer or the like having a multi-stage porous plate in the tower, and methanol vapor was blown from the bottom of the tower to contact the polymerization solution to remove unreacted vinyl acetate monomer. At this time, the solid concentration of the polyvinyl acetate-methanol solution was 42%. 18 parts by mass of a 2% sodium hydroxide-methanol solution was added to 1000 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetate resin-methanol solution, mixed well, and left at 40 ° C. for 1 hour. The gel obtained after saponification was pulverized by a pulverizer and then dried by a blow dryer at 60 ° C. After drying, pulverization was performed to obtain a PVA-based resin of the present invention. The degree of polymerization was 650, the degree of saponification was 88 mol%, and the melting temperature was 160 ° C.
[0019]
<Evaluation of melt-kneaded material>
Uniformity The resin was not separated, no granular unmelted material was present, or if an additive was added, the additive was bleed out visually or visually with a 100 × magnification optical microscope. .
The strength-melted resin was poured into a mold, formed into a cylinder having a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 5 cm, and observed whether the molded product was brittle and easily collapsed.
-The adhesive melt was applied to paper (neutral paper), wood (birch), inorganic matter (granite), fiber (cotton cloth), and metal (SAS304), and it was observed whether or not it easily peeled off after cooling.
[0020]
(Example 1)
Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd. added 50 parts by mass of a PVA-based resin having a degree of polymerization of 380, a degree of saponification of 70 mol%, and a melting temperature of 180 ° C., and 50 parts by mass of polylactic acid “T-4000” manufactured by Unitika Ltd. The mixture was melt-kneaded at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes in a kneading machine “Laboplast Mill”. The PVA-based resin and the polylactic acid could be kneaded without separation or thermal decomposition. The obtained resin composition had high strength and high adhesiveness.
[0021]
(Example 2)
Melt kneading was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVA-based resin obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of the PVA-based resin of Example 1. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0022]
(Example 3)
Melt kneading in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 25 parts by mass of a PVA-based resin obtained by copolymerizing a polymerization degree of 650, a saponification degree of 88 mol% and lauryl vinyl ether of 8 mol% was used instead of the PVA-based resin of Example 1. did. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0023]
(Example 4)
Melt kneading was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts by mass of diethylene glycol was added during melt kneading of Example 1. The melting temperature could be 170 ° C., and there was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0024]
(Example 5)
A PVA-based resin having a polymerization degree of 1000, a saponification degree of 64 mol%, and a melting temperature of 175 ° C. was used in place of the PVA-based resin of Example 1, except that 5 parts by mass of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was added during melt-kneading. Melt kneading was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0025]
(Example 6)
Melt kneading was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15 parts by mass of acetyltributyl citrate was added during melt kneading in Example 1. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0026]
(Example 7)
Melt kneading was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5, except that 10 parts by mass of partially saponified ester wax Licowax OP (manufactured by Clariant Japan KK) was used instead of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate of Example 5. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0027]
(Example 8)
Melt kneading was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polylactic acid used in Example 1 was replaced by a polylactic acid-based resin TE-6100 (manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) in which a layered silicate was nanocomposited. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0028]
(Example 9)
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PVA-based resin having an ethylene content of 8.5 mol%, a degree of polymerization of 580, and a degree of saponification of 80 mol% was used instead of the PVA-based resin used in Example 1, To perform melt kneading. There was no problem in the uniformity, strength and adhesiveness of the resin.
[0029]
(Comparative Example 1)
It carried out like Example 1 except having melt-kneaded at 255 degreeC using the PVA type resin of polymerization degree 1800, saponification degree 88 mol%, and melting temperature 248 degreeC. In the melt-kneading for 10 minutes, particles of the PVA-based resin were confirmed, and the kneaded material turned brown.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The resin composition obtained by the method of the present invention has a high strength and can be used as a structure / forming material of various molded products because of easy molding, and also has a high adhesiveness, so that paper, wood, metal, It can be used as an adhesive for inorganic substances and plastics. Further, by selecting the type of the PVA-based resin, the polylactic acid can be stably and better dispersed in water. In addition, it is useful as a binder for ceramics press molding or a tape molding binder.

Claims (8)

溶融温度が230℃以下のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することにより得られる樹脂組成物。A resin composition obtained by melt-kneading a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower and polylactic acid. ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が重合度700以下でケン化度が84モル%以下のポリビニルアルコールからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の樹脂組成物。The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin comprises polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 700 or less and a degree of saponification of 84 mol% or less. ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が酢酸ビニルとα−オレフィンとの共重合体のケン化物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の樹脂組成物。The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is a saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and an α-olefin. ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が主鎖または側鎖にオキシアルキレン基を有する事を特徴とする請求項1記載の樹脂組成物。The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin has an oxyalkylene group in a main chain or a side chain. オキシアルキレン基が一般式
Figure 2004256637
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシエチレン基または一般式
Figure 2004256637
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシプロピレン基であり、かつ、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が全単量体単位に対してオキシアルキレン基を含む単量体単位を0.1〜50モル%含有するポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物。
An oxyalkylene group has the general formula
Figure 2004256637
[Where n is an integer of 1 to 50]
An oxyethylene group represented by or a general formula
Figure 2004256637
[Where n is an integer of 1 to 50]
And the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing 0.1 to 50 mol% of a monomer unit containing an oxyalkylene group with respect to all monomer units. The resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が側鎖にアルキル基を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂。The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin has an alkyl group in a side chain. 溶融温度が230℃以下のポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とポリ乳酸とを溶融混練することを特徴とする樹脂組成物の製造方法。A method for producing a resin composition, comprising melting and kneading a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a melting temperature of 230 ° C. or lower and polylactic acid. さらに、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の可塑剤、ポリ酢酸ビニルの可塑剤、アニオン界面活性剤、ワックスの中から選ばれる添加剤の1種以上の存在下に溶融混練することを特徴とする請求項7記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising melting and kneading in the presence of one or more additives selected from a plasticizer of a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a plasticizer of polyvinyl acetate, an anionic surfactant, and a wax. A method for producing a resin composition.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007254714A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-10-04 Shiga Pref Gov Modified polyester
US20220056169A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-02-24 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Vinyl alcohol polymer and method for producing vinyl alcohol polymer
JP7162116B1 (en) 2021-12-24 2022-10-27 ミヨシ油脂株式会社 Aqueous biodegradable resin dispersion with excellent long-term storage stability and its use

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007254714A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-10-04 Shiga Pref Gov Modified polyester
US20220056169A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-02-24 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Vinyl alcohol polymer and method for producing vinyl alcohol polymer
JP7162116B1 (en) 2021-12-24 2022-10-27 ミヨシ油脂株式会社 Aqueous biodegradable resin dispersion with excellent long-term storage stability and its use
JP2023094663A (en) * 2021-12-24 2023-07-06 ミヨシ油脂株式会社 Biodegradable resin aqueous dispersion excellent in long-term storage stability, and its using method

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