JP2004250396A - Mildewproofing agent, mildewproofing composition, mildew-resistant food and drink, and method for improving storability of food and drink - Google Patents

Mildewproofing agent, mildewproofing composition, mildew-resistant food and drink, and method for improving storability of food and drink Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004250396A
JP2004250396A JP2003043816A JP2003043816A JP2004250396A JP 2004250396 A JP2004250396 A JP 2004250396A JP 2003043816 A JP2003043816 A JP 2003043816A JP 2003043816 A JP2003043816 A JP 2003043816A JP 2004250396 A JP2004250396 A JP 2004250396A
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Prior art keywords
yucca
food
drink
mildewproofing
fungicide
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JP4606700B2 (en
Inventor
Kokichi Tamura
幸吉 田村
Shozo Miyoshi
省三 三好
Yuri Otsuka
百合 大塚
Nobuhiro Tagashira
伸洋 田頭
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Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Aohata Corp
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Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Aohata Corp
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  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a natural substance-based mildewproofing agent excellent in the mildewproofing effect on a mold which causes spoilage and putrefaction of food and drink, a mildewproofing composition comprising the mildewproofing agent, to provide mildew-resistant food and drink to which at least one of the mildewproofing agent and the mildewproofing composition is added or attached, and a method for improving the storability of food and drink. <P>SOLUTION: The mildewproofing agent comprises an extract of a plant of Yucca, the family Agavaceae as an active ingredient. The mildewproofing agent has a mildewproofing effect on at least one mold selected from Penicillium, Aspergillus, Eurotium, and Cladosoprium. The mildewproofing composition comprises at least one kind selected from an edible organic acid, ethanol, sugar, sodium chloride and water, and the above mildewproofing agent. The mildew-resistant food and drink, and the method for improving the storability of food and drink comprise adding or attaching at least one of the mildewproofing agent and the mildewproofing composition to food and drink. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、飲食物の変質や腐敗を引き起こすカビに対して優れた防カビ作用を有する天然物系防カビ剤、該防カビ剤を含有する防カビ用組成物、及び該防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを添加又は付着させてなる防カビ性飲食物並びに飲食物の保存性向上方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、微生物の繁殖による変質や腐敗を起こし易い飲食物に添加して有害な微生物の増殖を抑制し、飲食物の保存性を向上させるための飲食物用保存剤としては、各種の化学合成品又は天然物由来品が使用されている。かかる飲食物用保存剤は飲食物と共に体内に摂取されるのが普通であるから、使用量を誤ると人体に対して有害である化学合成品よりも、人体に対して悪影響がなく安全性の高い天然物由来品が消費者には好まれている。
【0003】
これまでも細菌類に対して有効な天然物系抗菌剤については、いくつか提案されている(例えば、特許文献1〜3参照)。
前記特許文献1には、ユッカを含んで成る抗菌剤が、食品変質の原因となる多くの細菌類に対して有効な抗菌剤となることが提案されている。しかし、細菌類に対するユッカ抽出物の抗菌活性は弱く、低濃度のユッカ抽出物ではほとんど効果がないという欠点がある。
前記特許文献2には、ユッカ抽出物に炭素数4〜12の脂肪酸モノグリセライドを所定の割合で混合することにより、ユッカ抽出物の静菌作用を強化している。
前記特許文献3には、ユッカ樹液に有機酸又は無機酸を配合することにより殺菌効果の向上を図っている。
しかし、前記特許文献2及び特許文献3に記載のユッカ抽出物と助剤を併用する方法は、併用効果がそれほど顕著でないばかりか、却って併用された助剤の影響により抗菌剤の用途が制限されてしまうという問題がある。
【0004】
一方、真菌類に対して優れた抗菌活性を有する天然物系抗菌剤の数は少ないのが現状である。例えば、ユッカ由来の4種類のステロイドサポニンが、真菌類、特に酵母に対して強い抗菌活性を有し、天然物系抗菌剤として好適であることを提案している(例えば、特許文献4及び特許文献5参照)。また、アミノ酸、エタノール、ポリリジン、プロタミン、リゾチーム、甘草抽出物、ローズマリー抽出物及び可食性有機酸から選ばれる抗菌性物質と、ユッカ由来のステロイドサポニンとを併用する食品用保存剤が提案されている(例えば、特許文献6参照)。
しかしながら、従来より確認されているユッカ抽出物の抗菌作用は、細菌類及び酵母に対するものであって、飲食物の変質や腐敗を引き起こすカビに対して、実用上十分な防カビ効果を有することは全く知られていなかった。
【0005】
このように現在までのところ、カビに対して有効な天然物系防カビ剤はほとんど存在せず、しかも、カビによる汚染は、飲食物を開封後に大気中から混入する二次汚染も多く発生しており、カビの繁殖によって飲食物の商品価値が消失する場合があることから、カビの発育を抑えることができる安全性に優れた天然物系防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物の速やかな提供が強く要望されているのが現状である。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−74105号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平4−278070号公報
【特許文献3】
特公平5−7361号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平7−149608号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2001−39812号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平8−089224号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる現状に鑑みてなされたものであり、従来における前記諸問題を解決し、以下の目的を達成することを課題とする。即ち、本発明は、飲食物に対して変質や腐敗を引き起こすカビ、特に、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して強い防カビ作用を示し、かつ飲食物の風味に対する悪影響が少ない天然物系防カビ剤、該防カビ剤を含有する防カビ用組成物、及び該防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物の少なくともいずれかを添加又は付着させてなる防カビ性飲食物、並びに飲食物の保存性を確実に向上させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するため本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、以下の知見を得た。即ち、本発明者らが、数多くの天然物成分について防カビ活性の有無を鋭意調査した結果、リュウゼツラン科ユッカ(Yucca)属植物の抽出物が、特にペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対し極めて優れた防カビ活性を有することを知見した。
また、前記ユッカ抽出物と、可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、食塩及び水から選択される少なくとも1種とを含有する防カビ用組成物は、その理由については定かでないが、いずれの成分も単独では到底達成不可能な優れた防カビ作用を示すことを知見した。
従って、前記防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に添加又は付着させることにより、カビの増殖により飲食物の変質や腐敗が生じることを確実に防止できると共に、飲食物の風味に対する悪影響が少ないことを見出し、本発明をなすにいたった。
【0009】
即ち、本発明は、本発明者らによる前記知見に基づくものであり、前記課題を解決するための手段としては下記の通りである。
<1> リュウゼツラン科ユッカ(Yucca)属植物の抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする防カビ剤である。
<2> リュウゼツラン科ユッカ属植物が、Yucca arizonica、Yucca brevifolia、Yucca elata、Yucca intermdia、Yucca mohavensis、Yucca schidigera、Yucca peninsularis、Yucca schottii及びYucca whippleiから選択される少なくとも1種である防カビ剤である。
<3> ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して防カビ作用を有する前記<1>から<2>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤である。
<4> 可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、食塩及び水から選択される少なくとも1種と、前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤とを含有することを特徴とする防カビ用組成物である。
<5> 可食性有機酸が、酢酸、乳酸、アジピン酸及びこれらの塩から選択される少なくとも1種である前記<4>に記載の防カビ用組成物である。
<6> 糖質が、トレハロース及びスクロースのいずれかである前記<4>から<5>のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物である。
<7> 前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤、及び前記<4>から<6>のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に対し添加又は付着させてなることを特徴とする防カビ性飲食物である。
<8> 前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤、及び前記<4>から<6>のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に対し添加又は付着させることを特徴とする飲食物の保存性向上方法である。
【0010】
更に、本発明においては、下記の態様も好ましい。
<9> リュウゼツラン科ユッカ属(Yucca)植物の地下部及び地上部の少なくともいずれかを水、親水性有機溶媒又はこれらの混合溶媒で抽出処理して得られる前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤である。
<10> ステロイドサポニン含有率が0.5〜10質量%である前記<1>から<3>及び<9>のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤である。
【0011】
なお、ユッカ抽出物が、細菌類及び真菌類(特に酵母)に対して抗菌性を有することは既に知られているが、カビ、特に飲食物の変質や腐敗を引き起こすペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して優れた防カビ作用を有すること、該防カビ作用が、ユッカ抽出物に、可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、食塩及び水から選択される少なくとも1種を併用することにより増強されることは、本発明者らによる新知見である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
(防カビ剤)
本発明の防カビ剤は、リュウゼツラン科ユッカ属(Yucca)植物の抽出物を有効成分として含有し、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含有する。
【0013】
前記リュウゼツラン科ユッカ属(Yucca)植物としては、特に制限はなく、ユッカ属植物のほとんどが使用可能であるが、入手が比較的容易であるなどの点から、例えば、Yucca arizonica、Yucca brevifolia、Yucca elata、Yucca intermdia、Yuccamohavensis、Yucca schidigera(モハヴユッカ)、Yucca peninsularis、Yucca schottii、Yucca whipplei、などが挙げられ、これらの中でも、Yucca schidigera(モハヴユッカ)、Yucca brevifoliaが好ましい。
【0014】
前記ユッカ属植物は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができるが、地下部及び地上部(種子を含む)の少なくともいずれも抽出原料として使用することができる。前記抽出原料は、生のまま又は乾燥したものを適当な大きさに粉砕してから、水、親水性有機溶媒又はこれらの混合溶媒で抽出処理する。
【0015】
前記抽出溶媒として使用し得る水には、純水、水道水、井戸水、鉱泉水、鉱水、温泉水、湧水、淡水等の他、これらに各種処理を施したものが含まれる。水に施す処理としては、例えば、精製、加熱、殺菌、滅菌、ろ過、イオン交換、浸透圧の調整、緩衝化等が含まれる。従って、本発明において抽出溶媒として使用し得る水には、精製水、熱水、イオン交換水、生理食塩水、リン酸緩衝液、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水等も含まれる。
【0016】
前記親水性有機溶媒としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール等の炭素数1〜5の低級アルコール;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等の低級脂肪族ケトン;1,3−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、イソプロピレングリコール、グリセリン等の炭素数2〜5の多価アルコールなどが挙げられ、これら親水性有機溶媒と水との混合溶媒などを用いることができる。なお、水と親水性有機溶媒との混合系溶媒を使用する場合には、低級アルコールの場合は水10質量部に対して1〜90質量部、低級脂肪族ケトンの場合は水10質量部に対して1〜40質量部、多価アルコールの場合は水10質量部に対して1〜90質量部添加することが好ましい。
【0017】
前記ユッカ抽出物の抽出方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、常温乃至沸騰点近くの温度に維持した溶媒中に浸積することによって、有効成分を効率よく抽出することができる。
【0018】
前記抽出処理により抽出原料から可溶性成分を溶出させた後、ろ過して抽出残渣を除くことによって、抽出液を得ることができる。得られた抽出液は、該抽出液の希釈液若しくは濃縮液、該抽出液の乾燥物、又はこれらの粗精製物若しくは精製物を得るために、常法に従って希釈、濃縮、乾燥、精製等の処理を施してもよい。前記精製等の処理は、具体的には、活性炭処理、吸着樹脂処理、イオン交換樹脂処理等によって行うことができる。
【0019】
得られたユッカ抽出物又はそれを適宜精製したものは、そのまま、或いは他の活性物質や成形助剤と共に、常法に従って製剤化して粉末状、顆粒状、錠剤状等、任意の剤形として提供することもできる。製剤化する場合、保存や取扱いを容易にするため、デキストリン、シクロデキストリン等の薬学的に許容され得るキャリアー、その他任意の助剤を添加することができる。
本発明の防カビ剤におけるステロイドサポニン含有率は、特に制限はないが、0.5〜10質量%が好ましく、0.5〜3質量%がより好ましい。
【0020】
(防カビ用組成物)
前記防カビ用組成物としては、可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、水及び食塩から選択される少なくとも1種と、前記本発明の防カビ剤とを含有し、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含有する。
【0021】
−可食性有機酸−
前記可食性有機酸としては、飲食物の保存性向上のために通常使用されているものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、酢酸、乳酸、アジピン酸、酢酸ナトリウム、などが挙げられ、これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
前記可食性有機酸の配合量は、可食性有機酸の品質、防カビ用組成物の用途等によって異なるが、標準的なユッカ抽出物(ステロイドサポニン含有率が約0.5〜3質量%のもの)を用いる場合で、ユッカ抽出物1質量部に対して0.1〜100質量部が好ましく、0.1〜10質量部がより好ましい。
【0022】
−エタノール−
前記エタノールとしては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができるが、専売法による発酵アルコールが好適である。
前記エタノールの配合量は、エタノールの品質、防カビ用組成物の用途等によって異なるが、標準的なユッカ抽出物(ステロイドサポニン含有率が約0.5〜3質量%のもの)を用いる場合で、ユッカ抽出物1質量部に対して1〜1000質量部が好ましく、1〜100質量部がより好ましい。
【0023】
−水−
前記水としては、飲食物の製造に通常使用されているものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、水道水、精製水、イオン交換水、などが好適である。
前記水の配合量は、水の品質、防カビ用組成物の用途等によって異なるが、標準的なユッカ抽出物(ステロイドサポニン含有率が約0.5〜3質量%のもの)を用いる場合で、ユッカ抽出物1質量部に対して1〜1000質量部が好ましく、1〜100質量部がより好ましい。
【0024】
−糖質−
前記糖質としては、飲食物の製造に通常使用されているものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、トレハロース、スクロース、などが挙げられる。
前記糖質の配合量は、糖質の品質、防カビ用組成物の用途等によって異なるが、標準的なユッカ抽出物(ステロイドサポニン含有率が約0.5〜3質量%のもの)を用いる場合で、ユッカ抽出物1質量部に対して1〜1000質量部が好ましく、1〜600質量部がより好ましい。
【0025】
−食塩−
前記食塩としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、食品製造に通常使用されているものを用いることができる。
前記食塩の配合量は、食塩の品質、防カビ用組成物の用途等によって異なるが、標準的なユッカ抽出物(ステロイドサポニン含有率が約0.5〜3質量%のもの)を用いる場合で、ユッカ抽出物1質量部に対して0.1〜500質量部が好ましく、1〜120質量部がより好ましい。
【0026】
前記可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、水及び食塩から選択される少なくとも1種の成分は、ユッカ抽出物と混合するとなんらかの不都合を生じる場合を除き、2種以上を併用することができる。
【0027】
本発明の防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物は、種々のカビに対して防カビ作用を有するが、特に、飲食物の変質や腐敗を引き起こすペニシリウム(Penicillium)属(例えば、Penicillium frequentansPenicillium expansumなど)、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属(例えば、Aspergillus restrictusなど)、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属(例えば、Eurotium rubrumなど)、及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属(例えば、Cladosporium cladosporioidesなど)から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して防カビ作用が認められる。
【0028】
本発明の防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、飲食物の原料又は半製品に対して、或いはできあがった飲食物に対して、混合、噴霧、塗布、浸漬などの方法で混入するか付着させることにより優れた防カビ性を容易に付与することができる。
【0029】
(防カビ性飲食物)
本発明の防カビ性飲食物は、前記本発明の防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に対し添加又は付着させてなる。
【0030】
前記飲食物としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができ、例えば、ジャム、フルーツソース、フルーツジュースなど果実加工品類;たくあん、梅干し、白菜など各種漬物類;野菜、果物、畜肉、魚介類等を用いた惣菜類;佃煮類;マシュマロ、クッキー、ビスケット、ピザ、せんべい、飴、チューイングガム、チョコレート、グミ、まんじゅう、ゼリー、クリーム(ホィップ、カスタード)、羊かん等の菓子類;うどん、そば、そうめん、パスタ等の麺類;カマボコ、ちくわ、ソーセージ、はんぺん等の練り製品;麺つゆ、焼き肉のタレ、醤油、梅酢等の調味料;ワイン、その他の醸造酒類等、広範囲の食品に使用可能である。なお、対象となる飲食物はこれらに限られるものではない。
【0031】
本発明の防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物の飲食物への添加量は、添加する飲食物種類によって異なり一概には規定できないが、例えば、ジャムに添加する場合には、通常、ジャム全量に対し0.01〜10質量%が好ましく、0.05〜5.0質量%がより好ましく、0.1〜1.0質量%が更に好ましい。
また、ジュースに添加する場合には、通常、ジュース全量に対し0.001〜5質量%が好ましく、0.01〜1質量%がより好ましい。
【0032】
(飲食物の保存性向上方法)
本発明の飲食物の保存性向上方法は、前記本発明の防カビ剤及び前記本発明の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に添加又は付着させるものである。これにより、飲食物に対し容易に防カビ性を付与することができる。
前記飲食物に添加する場合には、飲食物の原料又は半製品或いはできあがった飲食物に対して前記本発明の防カビ剤及び前記本発明の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを所定量を添加する。また、飲食物に付着させる場合には、前記本発明の防カビ剤及び前記本発明の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に直接噴霧する方法などが挙げられる。
なお、前記本発明の防カビ剤及び前記本発明の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを通気性袋体等のパッケージに封入して取り付ける方法などを採用することもできる。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0034】
(製造例1)
−ユッカ抽出物の調製−
ユッカ・シジゲラ(Yucca schidigera)の根茎部1kgに対し90質量%メタノールを10リットル添加し、沸騰水浴中で2時間、還流下に加熱した。得られた抽出液に活性炭を10g加え、80℃で1時間、還流下に加熱した。次いで、セライトを濾過助剤として加え濾過し、得られた濾液を減圧下で濃縮した後、乾燥させてユッカ抽出物150gを得た。
なお、得られたユッカ抽出物におけるステロイドサポニンの含有率は約2.5質量%であった。
【0035】
−防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物の調製−
製造例1のユッカ抽出物を用いて、下記表1に示す防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物を調製した。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 2004250396
【0037】
(実施例1〜5及び比較例1)
−防カビ活性の評価(1)−
前記調製した防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物(本発明品1〜3及び6〜7)について、下記表2に示したA〜Eのカビ5株に対する防カビ活性を、下記組成の合成培地を用いて評価した。
まず、ユッカ抽出物の添加量が0.05(w/w)%なるよう各防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物を加え、酵母エキスを2(w/w)%、スクロースを30(w/w)%含む、pH3.5に調製した寒天培地上に下記表2のA〜Eのカビの胞子懸濁液を塗布し、表2に示した培養温度で恒温器に放置し、防カビ性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
比較例1は、培地に防カビ剤又は防カビ用組成物を添加しないで同様に防カビ性の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
なお、防カビ活性は、カビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数を求めることにより評価した。防カビ活性が強いほどカビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数は大きくなる。
【0038】
【表2】
−試験に用いたカビと培養温度−
Figure 2004250396
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 2004250396
【0040】
(実施例6〜9及び比較例2)
−防カビ活性の評価(2)−
前記調製した防カビ用組成物(本発明品4〜5及び8〜9)について、上記表2に示したA〜Eのカビ5株に対する防カビ活性を、下記組成のイチゴジャムを用いて評価した。
<イチゴジャム>
いちご1kgと、上白糖0.8kgとを原料としてイチゴジャムの常法によりイチゴジャムを作製した。得られたイチゴジャムの糖度は40℃であった。
【0041】
ユッカ抽出物の添加量が0.1(w/w)%になるように各防カビ用組成物を上記イチゴジャムに添加し、該イチゴジャムの表面に上記表2のA〜Eのカビの胞子懸濁液を塗布し、表2に示した培養温度で恒温器に放置し、防カビ性を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
比較例2は、ジャムの表面に防カビ用組成物を添加しないで同様に防カビ性の評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
なお、防カビ活性は、ジャム表面にカビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数を求めることにより評価した。防カビ活性が強いほどカビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数は大きくなる。
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 2004250396
【0043】
(実施例10及び比較例3)
−防カビ活性の評価(3)−
防カビ用組成物(本発明品4)について、上記表2のC〜Eのカビ3株に対する防カビ活性を、オレンジジュースを用いて評価した。
100%オレンジジュース(糖濃度11%)にスクロースを添加し、糖濃度が20、30、及び36%のオレンジジュースを調製した。該オレンジジュースにユッカ抽出物の添加量が0.05(w/w)%になるよう配合した後、上記表2のC〜Eのカビの胞子懸濁液を添加し、20℃に設定した恒温器に放置し、防カビ性を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
比較例3は、オレンジジュースに防カビ用組成物を添加しないで同様に防カビ性の評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
なお、防カビ活性はジュース液面にカビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数を求めることにより評価した。防カビ活性が強いほどカビの発育が初めて観察されるまでの日数は大きくなる。
【0044】
【表5】
Figure 2004250396
【0045】
(実施例11)
−防カビ活性の評価(4)−
防カビ剤(本発明品1)と、食塩濃度を0質量%、3質量%、及び5質量%になるようにポテトデキストロース寒天培地に添加した寒天培地を調製し、上記表2のA〜Dのカビ4株に対する防カビ活性を寒天培地希釈法による最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)によって評価した。培養温度は25℃で行い、培養5日後、コロニーの発育の有無を肉眼で判断した。結果を表6に示す。なお、表中の数値はMIC(%)であり、防カビ活性が強いほどこの数値は小さくなる。
【0046】
【表6】ユッカ抽出物の最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)
Figure 2004250396
【0047】
以下、ユッカ抽出物と他の原料を用いた防カビ作用を有する飲食物の製造例を示す。
【0048】
(実施例12) フルーツジュース
グレープフルーツ85g、オレンジ120g、及びリンゴ80gをジューサーで絞り、更にイチゴ45gと、表1の本発明品4の防カビ用組成物2gを加えて撹拌することにより、防カビ作用を有するフルーツジュースを製造した。
【0049】
(実施例13) イチゴジャム
いちご1kgと、上白糖0.8kgとから常法によりイチゴジャムを製造した。得られたイチゴジャムに表1の本発明品2の防カビ用組成物5gを加えて混ぜることにより、防カビ作用を有するイチゴジャムを製造した。
【0050】
(実施例14) フルーツソース
実施例13で作製したイチゴジャムを小鍋に入れ、ブランデーを数滴加えて多少煮詰めて冷蔵庫に入れて冷やすことで、防カビ作用を有するフルーツソースを製造した。
【0051】
(実施例15) マシュマロ
まず、卵2個分の卵白に上白糖10gを加えて、メレンゲを作製した。次に、粉ゼラチン20gを水100mlでふやかし、加熱した後、上白糖200gと、表1の本発明品3の防カビ用組成物0.6gを加えて混ぜ、再び加熱してカビの発育がを作製した。該カビの発育がに前記メレンゲを加えて混ぜた後、フルーツジャム66gを加えて冷し固めることにより、防カビ作用を有するフルーツ味マシュマロを製造した。
【0052】
(実施例16) みかん
表1の本発明品5の防カビ用組成物をスプレー容器に入れ、みかんに直接噴霧し、自然乾燥させることで、防カビ性を施したみかんを製造した。
【0053】
(実施例17) 梅酢
クエン酸30g、リンゴ酸20g、コハク酸ナトリウム1g、グルタミン酸ナトリウム1g、アミノ酸液30ミリリットル、食塩150g、水1.85リットル、及びシソ色素0.2gを常法により混合して梅酢を製造した。この梅酢に表1の本発明品6の防カビ組成物10gを添加し、防カビ作用を有する梅酢を製造した。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、飲食物に対して変質や腐敗を引き起こすカビ、特に、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して強い防カビ作用を示し、かつ飲食物の風味に対する悪影響が少ない天然物系防カビ剤、該防カビ剤を含有する防カビ用組成物、該防カビ剤及び防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを添加又は付着させて飲食物の保存性を確実に向上させることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a natural product-based fungicide having an excellent fungicidal action against fungi causing deterioration and decay of foods and drinks, a fungicide-containing composition containing the fungicide, the fungicide and the fungicide The present invention relates to a fungicidal food and drink obtained by adding or adhering at least one selected from a mold composition and a method for improving the preservability of the food and drink.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a preservative for foods and drinks to suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms and improve the preservability of foods and drinks by adding it to foods that are susceptible to deterioration and decay due to the propagation of microorganisms, various chemical synthesis Products or products derived from natural products are used. Since such preservatives for food and drink are usually taken into the body together with food and drink, they are safer and have less adverse effects on the human body than chemically synthesized products that are harmful to the human body if used incorrectly. Consumers favor high natural products.
[0003]
Some natural product-based antibacterial agents effective against bacteria have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
Patent Document 1 proposes that an antibacterial agent containing yucca is an effective antibacterial agent against many bacteria that cause food deterioration. However, there is a drawback that the antibacterial activity of the Yucca extract against bacteria is weak, and a low concentration of the Yucca extract has almost no effect.
In Patent Literature 2, a bacteriostatic effect of a Yucca extract is enhanced by mixing a Yucca extract with a fatty acid monoglyceride having 4 to 12 carbon atoms at a predetermined ratio.
In Patent Literature 3, the bactericidal effect is improved by blending an organic acid or an inorganic acid with Yucca sap.
However, in the method of using the Yucca extract and the auxiliary agent described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 together, not only the effect of the combined use is not so remarkable, but also the use of the antibacterial agent is restricted due to the effect of the auxiliary agent used in combination. Problem.
[0004]
On the other hand, at present, the number of natural antibacterial agents having excellent antibacterial activity against fungi is small. For example, it has been proposed that four kinds of steroid saponins derived from Yucca have strong antibacterial activity against fungi, especially yeast, and are suitable as natural antibacterial agents (for example, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 4). Reference 5). In addition, an antimicrobial substance selected from amino acids, ethanol, polylysine, protamine, lysozyme, licorice extract, rosemary extract and edible organic acids, and a food preservative using a Yucca-derived steroid saponin in combination have been proposed. (For example, see Patent Document 6).
However, the antibacterial action of the yucca extract, which has been confirmed so far, is against bacteria and yeast, and has a practically sufficient antifungal effect against mold that causes deterioration and spoilage of food and drink. Not known at all.
[0005]
As described above, to date, there are almost no natural fungicides effective against mold, and moreover, mold contamination often causes secondary contamination from the air after opening food and drink. Since the commercial value of food and drink may be lost due to the propagation of mold, the rapid provision of a natural product-based fungicide and a fungicide composition that is excellent in safety and can suppress the growth of mold It is the present situation that is strongly requested.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-4-74105
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-4-278070
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-7361
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-7-149608
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-39812 A
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A-8-089224
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has as its object to solve the above-described various problems in the related art and achieve the following objects. That is, the present invention relates to molds that cause deterioration and spoilage of foods and drinks, in particular, penicillium (Penicillium) Genus, Aspergillus (Aspergillus), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus and Cladosporium (CladosporiumA) a natural fungicide having a strong fungicidal action against at least one kind of fungus selected from the genus, and having a small adverse effect on the flavor of food and drink; a fungicide-containing composition containing the fungicide; Another object of the present invention is to provide a fungicidal food and drink to which at least one of the antifungal agent and the antifungal composition is added or adhered, and a method for surely improving the preservability of the food and drink.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors to solve the above problems, the following findings were obtained. That is, as a result of the present inventors' earnest investigation into the presence or absence of fungicidal activity of a large number of natural product components, an extract of a plant of the genus Yucca (Yucca) of the Agave family, especially penicillium (Penicillium) Genus, Aspergillus (Aspergillus), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus and Cladosporium (Cladosporium) It has been found that it has an extremely excellent antifungal activity against at least one kind of mold selected from the genus.
The antifungal composition containing the yucca extract and at least one selected from edible organic acids, ethanol, carbohydrates, salt and water is not known for its reasons, but any of the components Has also been found to exhibit an excellent antifungal effect which cannot be achieved by itself.
Therefore, by adding or attaching at least one selected from the fungicide and the antifungal composition to food and drink, it is possible to reliably prevent deterioration and decay of food and drink due to the growth of mold, The inventors have found that there is little adverse effect on the flavor of food and drink, and have accomplished the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is based on the above findings by the present inventors, and the means for solving the above problems are as follows.
<1> An antifungal agent characterized by containing an extract of a plant of the genus Yucca of the Agave family as an active ingredient.
<2> The Agave plants belonging to the genus Yucca are Yucca arizonica, Yucca brevifolia, Yucca elata, Yucca intermdia, Yucca mohavensis, Yucca ssp. .
<3> Penicillium (Penicillium) Genus, Aspergillus (Aspergillus), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus and Cladosporium (CladosporiumThe fungicide according to any one of <1> to <2>, which has a fungicidal action on at least one kind of mold selected from the genus.
<4> It comprises at least one selected from edible organic acids, ethanol, saccharides, salt and water, and the fungicide according to any one of <1> to <3>. Is a fungicidal composition.
<5> The antifungal composition according to <4>, wherein the edible organic acid is at least one selected from acetic acid, lactic acid, adipic acid, and salts thereof.
<6> The antifungal composition according to any one of <4> to <5>, wherein the saccharide is one of trehalose and sucrose.
<7> Eat and drink at least one selected from the fungicide according to any one of <1> to <3> and the composition for fungicide according to any one of <4> to <6>. A fungicidal food and drink characterized by being added to or adhered to an object.
<8> Eating and drinking at least one selected from the fungicide according to any one of <1> to <3> and the fungicide composition according to any one of <4> to <6>. It is a method for improving the preservability of food and drink, characterized by adding or attaching to foods.
[0010]
Further, in the present invention, the following embodiments are also preferable.
<9> Any one of the above <1> to <3> obtained by extracting at least one of the underground part and the above-ground part of a plant of the Agave family Yucca with water, a hydrophilic organic solvent or a mixed solvent thereof. A fungicide described in Crab.
<10> The antifungal agent according to any one of <1> to <3> and <9>, wherein the steroid saponin content is 0.5 to 10% by mass.
[0011]
It is known that the extract of Yucca has antibacterial properties against bacteria and fungi (especially yeast), but penicillium (which causes deterioration and spoilage of molds and foods and foods in particular) (Penicillium) Genus, Aspergillus (Aspergillus), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus and Cladosporium (Cladosporium) It has an excellent fungicidal action against at least one kind of fungus selected from the genus, and the fungicidal action is contained in the yucca extract by edible organic acids, ethanol, carbohydrates, salt and water. It is a new finding by the present inventors that it is enhanced by the use of at least one of the above.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
(Antifungal agent)
The fungicide of the present invention contains an extract of a plant of the family Agave (Yucca) as an active ingredient, and further contains other components as necessary.
[0013]
There is no particular limitation on the agave plant of the genus Yucca (Yucca), and most of the plants of the genus Yucca can be used. Elata, Yucca intermdia, Yuccamohavensis, Yucca schidigera (Mohav Yucca), Yucca peninsularis, Yucca schottti, Yucca nipple, Yucca, and Yucka
[0014]
The Yucca genus plant is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. At least any of the underground part and the above-ground part (including seeds) can be used as an extraction raw material. The raw material for extraction, after being pulverized as it is or dried, is pulverized to an appropriate size, and then extracted with water, a hydrophilic organic solvent or a mixed solvent thereof.
[0015]
The water that can be used as the extraction solvent includes pure water, tap water, well water, spring water, mineral water, hot spring water, spring water, fresh water, and the like, as well as those subjected to various treatments. The treatment applied to water includes, for example, purification, heating, sterilization, sterilization, filtration, ion exchange, adjustment of osmotic pressure, buffering, and the like. Therefore, the water that can be used as the extraction solvent in the present invention includes purified water, hot water, ion-exchanged water, physiological saline, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, and the like.
[0016]
The hydrophilic organic solvent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and the like. Lower aliphatic ketones; polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, and glycerin; and mixed solvents of these hydrophilic organic solvents and water. Can be used. When a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent is used, the lower alcohol is 1 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 10 parts by mass of water, and the lower aliphatic ketone is 10 parts by mass of water. In the case of polyhydric alcohol, it is preferable to add 1 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 10 parts by mass of water.
[0017]
The extraction method of the yucca extract is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.For example, by immersing the active ingredient in a solvent maintained at room temperature to a temperature near the boiling point, the active ingredient can be extracted. Extraction can be performed efficiently.
[0018]
After the soluble component is eluted from the extraction raw material by the extraction treatment, the extraction residue can be obtained by filtering to remove the extraction residue. The obtained extract is a diluted or concentrated solution of the extract, a dried product of the extract, or a crude product or a purified product thereof. Processing may be performed. The treatment such as the purification can be specifically performed by activated carbon treatment, adsorption resin treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, or the like.
[0019]
The obtained yucca extract or its purified product is formulated as it is or in combination with other active substances and molding aids according to a conventional method and provided as an arbitrary dosage form such as powder, granule, tablet, etc. You can also. In the case of formulation, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as dextrin and cyclodextrin and other optional auxiliaries can be added in order to facilitate storage and handling.
The steroid saponin content in the fungicide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by mass.
[0020]
(Composition for mold prevention)
The antifungal composition contains at least one selected from edible organic acids, ethanol, saccharides, water and salt, and the antifungal agent of the present invention, and further contains other antifungal agents as necessary. Contains components.
[0021]
-Edible organic acids-
The edible organic acid is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used for improving the preservability of food and drink, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.For example, acetic acid, lactic acid, adipic acid , Sodium acetate, and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of the edible organic acid varies depending on the quality of the edible organic acid, the use of the antifungal composition, and the like. However, a standard yucca extract (having a steroid saponin content of about 0.5 to 3% by mass) is used. ), Is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of Yucca extract.
[0022]
-Ethanol-
The ethanol is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Fermentation alcohol produced by a proprietary method is preferred.
The amount of the ethanol varies depending on the quality of the ethanol, the use of the antifungal composition, and the like. However, when a standard Yucca extract (having a steroid saponin content of about 0.5 to 3% by mass) is used. , 1 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of Yucca extract.
[0023]
−Water−
The water is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used for the production of foods and drinks, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.For example, tap water, purified water, ion-exchanged water, and the like are preferable. It is.
The amount of the water varies depending on the quality of the water, the use of the antifungal composition, and the like. However, when a standard Yucca extract (having a steroid saponin content of about 0.5 to 3% by mass) is used. , 1 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of Yucca extract.
[0024]
-Carbohydrate-
The sugar is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used for the production of foods and drinks, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include trehalose and sucrose.
The amount of the saccharide varies depending on the quality of the saccharide, the use of the antifungal composition, and the like, but a standard Yucca extract (having a steroid saponin content of about 0.5 to 3% by mass) is used. In some cases, the amount is preferably from 1 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably from 1 to 600 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of the Yucca extract.
[0025]
-Salt-
The salt is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, those commonly used in food production can be used.
The amount of the salt varies depending on the quality of the salt, the use of the antifungal composition, and the like. However, when a standard Yucca extract (having a steroid saponin content of about 0.5 to 3% by mass) is used. The amount is preferably from 0.1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably from 1 to 120 parts by mass, per 1 part by mass of Yucca extract.
[0026]
At least one component selected from the group consisting of edible organic acids, ethanol, carbohydrates, water, and common salt can be used in combination of two or more unless there is any inconvenience when mixed with a Yucca extract.
[0027]
The antifungal agent or the antifungal composition of the present invention has an antifungal action against various molds, and in particular, penicillium (which causes deterioration and spoilage of food and drink)PenicilliumGenus (for example,Penicillium frequentans,Penicillium expansum), Aspergillus (AspergillusGenus (for example,Aspergillus restrictusEtc.), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus (for example,Eurotium rubrumAnd Cladosporium (CladosporiumGenus (for example,Cladosporium cladosporioidesAnd the like.
[0028]
The antifungal agent or the antifungal composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.For example, for a raw material or a semi-finished product of food or drink, or for a finished food or drink Excellent mold resistance can be easily imparted by mixing or adhering by methods such as mixing, spraying, coating, and dipping.
[0029]
(Antifungal food and drink)
The fungicidal food of the present invention is obtained by adding or attaching at least one selected from the fungicide and the antifungal composition of the present invention to food.
[0030]
The food and drink are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include processed fruits such as jam, fruit sauce, and fruit juice; various pickles such as takuan, dried plum, and Chinese cabbage; vegetables, fruits, Prepared foods using meat, seafood, etc .; boiled tsukudani; marshmallows, cookies, biscuits, pizza, rice crackers, candy, chewing gum, chocolate, gummy, steamed buns, jelly, cream (hip, custard), sweets such as sheepkan; udon Noodles such as buckwheat, buckwheat, somen, pasta; kneaded products such as kamaboko, chikuwa, sausage, hampan; seasonings such as noodle soup, grilled meat sauce, soy sauce, plum vinegar; usable in a wide range of foods such as wine and other brewed liquors It is. In addition, the target food and drink are not limited to these.
[0031]
The amount of the antifungal agent or the antifungal composition of the present invention to be added to food or drink depends on the type of food to be added and cannot be specified unconditionally.For example, when added to jam, it is usually added to the total amount of jam. On the other hand, it is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass.
Moreover, when adding to juice, 0.001-5 mass% is normally preferable with respect to whole juice, More preferably, it is 0.01-1 mass%.
[0032]
(Method of improving food preservability)
In the method for improving the preservability of food and drink of the present invention, at least one selected from the fungicide of the present invention and the composition for fungicide of the present invention is added to or adhered to food and drink. This makes it possible to easily impart mildew resistance to food and drink.
When added to the food and drink, the raw material or semi-finished food or finished food and drink at least any one selected from the antifungal agent of the present invention and the antifungal composition of the present invention Add predetermined amount. In the case where the antifungal agent is attached to food or drink, a method of directly spraying at least one selected from the fungicide of the present invention and the composition for fungicide of the present invention onto food or drink may be used.
It is also possible to adopt a method in which at least one selected from the fungicide of the present invention and the composition for fungicide of the present invention is sealed in a package such as a breathable bag and attached.
[0033]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be specifically described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0034]
(Production Example 1)
-Preparation of Yucca extract-
10 L of 90% by mass methanol was added to 1 kg of the rhizome of Yucca sizzigera, and the mixture was heated under reflux in a boiling water bath for 2 hours. 10 g of activated carbon was added to the obtained extract, and the mixture was heated under reflux at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, celite was added as a filter aid and the mixture was filtered. The obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain 150 g of Yucca extract.
The steroid saponin content in the obtained yucca extract was about 2.5% by mass.
[0035]
-Preparation of antifungal agent and antifungal composition-
Using the yucca extract of Production Example 1, a mildewproofing agent or a mildewproofing composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004250396
[0037]
(Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1)
-Evaluation of antifungal activity (1)-
For the prepared fungicide or fungicidal composition (products 1 to 3 and 6 to 7 of the present invention), the antifungal activity against fungal 5 strains A to E shown in Table 2 below was evaluated using a synthetic medium having the following composition. Was evaluated using
First, each antifungal agent or antifungal composition was added so that the addition amount of the Yucca extract was 0.05 (w / w)%, 2 (w / w)% of yeast extract and 30 (w / w) of sucrose. w) The spore suspensions of molds A to E in Table 2 below were applied to an agar medium adjusted to pH 3.5 containing% and left to stand in an incubator at the culture temperature shown in Table 2 to prevent mold growth. Was evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
In Comparative Example 1, the antifungal property was similarly evaluated without adding the fungicide or the antifungal composition to the medium. Table 3 shows the results.
The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the number of days until the growth of mold was first observed. The stronger the fungicidal activity, the longer the number of days before mold growth is first observed.
[0038]
[Table 2]
-Mold and culture temperature used in the test-
Figure 2004250396
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004250396
[0040]
(Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Example 2)
-Evaluation of antifungal activity (2)-
The antifungal activity of the prepared antifungal compositions (products of the present invention 4 to 5 and 8 to 9) against the five molds A to E shown in Table 2 above was evaluated using strawberry jam having the following composition. did.
<Strawberry jam>
Strawberry jam was prepared from 1 kg of strawberries and 0.8 kg of white sugar by a conventional method of strawberry jam. The sugar content of the obtained strawberry jam was 40 ° C.
[0041]
Each antifungal composition was added to the strawberry jam such that the amount of the yucca extract added was 0.1 (w / w)%, and the molds of A to E in Table 2 were added to the surface of the strawberry jam. The spore suspension was applied and left in a thermostat at the culture temperature shown in Table 2 to evaluate the antifungal property. Table 4 shows the results.
In Comparative Example 2, the antifungal property was similarly evaluated without adding the antifungal composition to the surface of the jam. Table 4 shows the results.
The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the number of days until mold growth was first observed on the jam surface. The stronger the fungicidal activity, the longer the number of days before mold growth is first observed.
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004250396
[0043]
(Example 10 and Comparative Example 3)
-Evaluation of antifungal activity (3)-
The antifungal composition (Product 4 of the present invention) was evaluated for fungicidal activity against the three molds C to E in Table 2 using orange juice.
Sucrose was added to 100% orange juice (sugar concentration 11%) to prepare orange juice having sugar concentrations of 20, 30, and 36%. After mixing the orange juice with the yucca extract in an amount of 0.05 (w / w)%, the spore suspensions of molds CE of Table 2 above were added, and the mixture was set at 20 ° C. It was left in a thermostat to evaluate its antifungal properties. Table 5 shows the results.
In Comparative Example 3, the antifungal property was similarly evaluated without adding the antifungal composition to the orange juice. Table 5 shows the results.
The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the number of days until mold growth was first observed on the juice liquid surface. The stronger the fungicidal activity, the longer the number of days before mold growth is first observed.
[0044]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004250396
[0045]
(Example 11)
-Evaluation of antifungal activity (4)-
A fungicide (the present invention product 1) and an agar medium added to a potato dextrose agar medium at a salt concentration of 0% by mass, 3% by mass, and 5% by mass were prepared. Was evaluated by its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the agar medium dilution method. The culture was performed at 25 ° C, and after 5 days of culture, the presence or absence of colony growth was visually determined. Table 6 shows the results. The numerical values in the table are MIC (%), and the numerical values become smaller as the antifungal activity becomes stronger.
[0046]
Table 6: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Yucca extract
Figure 2004250396
[0047]
Hereinafter, a production example of a food and drink having a fungicidal action using a yucca extract and other raw materials will be described.
[0048]
(Example 12)fruit juice
85 g of grapefruit, 120 g of orange, and 80 g of apple are squeezed with a juicer, and 45 g of strawberry and 2 g of the antifungal composition of the present invention 4 shown in Table 1 are added and stirred to produce a fruit juice having an antifungal action. did.
[0049]
(Example 13)Strawberry jam
Strawberry jam was produced from 1 kg of strawberries and 0.8 kg of white sugar by a conventional method. 5 g of the antifungal composition of the product 2 of the present invention shown in Table 1 was added to the obtained strawberry jam and mixed to produce a strawberry jam having an antifungal action.
[0050]
(Example 14)Fruit sauce
The strawberry jam prepared in Example 13 was placed in a small pot, a few drops of brandy was added, the mixture was slightly boiled down, and the mixture was cooled in a refrigerator to produce a fruit sauce having a fungicidal action.
[0051]
(Example 15)marshmallow
First, meringue was prepared by adding 10 g of white sugar to egg white of two eggs. Next, 20 g of powdered gelatin was sprinkled with 100 ml of water and heated, and then 200 g of white sucrose and 0.6 g of the antifungal composition of the product 3 of the present invention shown in Table 1 were added and mixed, followed by heating again to grow the mold. Was prepared. After adding the above-mentioned meringue to the growth of the mold and mixing, 66 g of fruit jam was added and the mixture was cooled and solidified to produce a fruit-flavored marshmallow having a fungicidal action.
[0052]
(Example 16)Mandarin orange
The antifungal composition of the product 5 of the present invention shown in Table 1 was placed in a spray container, directly sprayed on oranges, and air-dried to produce antifungal oranges.
[0053]
(Example 17)Plum vinegar
30 g of citric acid, 20 g of malic acid, 1 g of sodium succinate, 1 g of sodium glutamate, 30 ml of amino acid solution, 150 g of salt, 1.85 liter of water, and 0.2 g of perilla dye were mixed by a conventional method to produce ume vinegar. To this plum vinegar, 10 g of the antifungal composition of the product 6 of the present invention shown in Table 1 was added to produce plum vinegar having an antifungal action.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, molds that cause deterioration and spoilage to foods and drinks, particularly, penicillium (Penicillium) Genus, Aspergillus (Aspergillus), Eurotium (EurotiumGenus and Cladosporium (CladosporiumA) a natural fungicide which exhibits a strong fungicidal action against at least one kind of fungus selected from the genus and has little adverse effect on the flavor of food and drink; Preservability of foods and drinks can be surely improved by adding or attaching at least one selected from the fungicide and the fungicide composition.

Claims (8)

リュウゼツラン科ユッカ(Yucca)属植物の抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする防カビ剤。A fungicide comprising an extract of a plant of the genus Yucca of the Agave family as an active ingredient. リュウゼツラン科ユッカ属植物が、Yucca arizonica、Yucca brevifolia、Yucca elata、Yucca intermdia、Yucca mohavensis、Yucca schidigera、Yucca peninsularis、Yucca schottii及びYucca whippleiから選択される少なくとも1種である防カビ剤。Yucca arizonica, Yucca brevifolia, Yucca elata, Yucca intermdia, Yucca mohavensis, Yucca schodigera, Yucca yucca, Yucca succinger, Yucca nips ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、エウロチウム(Eurotium)属及びクラドスポリウム(Cladosporium)属から選択される少なくとも1種のカビに対して防カビ作用を有する請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤。Penicillium (Penicillium) genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus) genus, Eurochiumu (Eurotium) genus and Cladosporium (Cladosporium) any one of claims 1 to 2 having an antifungal effect on at least one fungus selected from the genus The fungicide described in the above. 可食性有機酸、エタノール、糖質、食塩及び水から選択される少なくとも1種と、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤とを含有することを特徴とする防カビ用組成物。A fungicidal composition comprising at least one selected from edible organic acids, ethanol, carbohydrates, salt and water, and the fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3. . 可食性有機酸が、酢酸、乳酸、アジピン酸及びこれらの塩から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項4に記載の防カビ用組成物。The antifungal composition according to claim 4, wherein the edible organic acid is at least one selected from acetic acid, lactic acid, adipic acid, and salts thereof. 糖質が、トレハロース及びスクロースのいずれかである請求項4から5のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物。The antifungal composition according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the saccharide is one of trehalose and sucrose. 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤、及び請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に対し添加又は付着させてなることを特徴とする防カビ性飲食物。A fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and at least one selected from the fungicidal composition according to any one of claims 4 to 6, which is added or adhered to food or drink. A fungicidal food and drink characterized by the following. 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の防カビ剤、及び請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の防カビ用組成物から選択される少なくともいずれかを飲食物に対し添加又は付着させることを特徴とする飲食物の保存性向上方法。Claims that at least one selected from the fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and the fungicide composition according to any one of claims 4 to 6 is added to or adhered to food or drink. Characteristic method of improving the preservability of food and drink.
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