JP2004247148A - Water repellent paste for gas diffusion layer - Google Patents

Water repellent paste for gas diffusion layer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004247148A
JP2004247148A JP2003035234A JP2003035234A JP2004247148A JP 2004247148 A JP2004247148 A JP 2004247148A JP 2003035234 A JP2003035234 A JP 2003035234A JP 2003035234 A JP2003035234 A JP 2003035234A JP 2004247148 A JP2004247148 A JP 2004247148A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
water
solvent
gas diffusion
diffusion layer
repellent paste
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JP2003035234A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Osamu Okayama
修 岡山
Yasunao Kamiya
保尚 神谷
Takayuki Uchiyama
貴之 内山
Tatsuya Kawahara
竜也 川原
Masayoshi Iwase
正宜 岩瀬
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Toyota Motor Corp
Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
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Toyota Motor Corp
Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003035234A priority Critical patent/JP2004247148A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide water repellent paste for gas diffusion layer with an excellent binding capacity, water repellency, proper permeability to a base material, and plane uniformity by not fiberizing fluororesin by a comparatively low shear force, but by fiberizing on a base material when coating by a high shear force. <P>SOLUTION: 15.0 pts.wt. of commercial PTFE dispersion, 6.3 pts.wt. of n-butanol as a solvent hardly soluble into water, 2.7 pts.wt. of an adduct of an ethylene oxide to an alcohol of HLB=10.5 as a solvent soluble into water and 8.0 pts.wt. of ion exchange water are added to carbon slurry having dispersion stability to adjust viscosity, and stirred by a disperser for 10 minutes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃料電池のガス拡散層を構成する多孔質のカーボン繊維基材に含浸することによって、ガス透過性と水蒸気透過性と導電性を付与することができるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】特開2002−25575号公報
【特許文献2】特開2002−280005号公報
【特許文献3】特開平10−340728号公報
【特許文献4】特開平08−339809号公報
特許文献1に記されているように、一般に高分子電解質型燃料電池用の電極は、高分子電解質膜を中心としてその外側両面に触媒層を配置し、さらにその外側両面にガス拡散層を配置してなる。ガス拡散層の機能は、主に次の3つである。即ち、▲1▼ガス拡散層のさらに外側に配置されたガス流路(セパレータ)から供給される燃料ガスもしくは酸化剤ガスを触媒層へ均一に拡散させること、▲2▼触媒層で生成した水を速やかにガス流路に排出させること、▲3▼触媒層の反応に必要な電子を導電すること、である。
【0003】
したがって、ガス拡散層は多孔質構造とすることによってガス透過性とし、フッ素樹脂等の撥水性の高分子材料(バインダーとしての機能も有する)をガス拡散層中に分散させることによって水蒸気透過性とし、カーボン繊維や導電性カーボン等で構成することによって導電性とすることが一般に行われている。ガス拡散層を製造する工程としては、カーボンペーパー、カーボンクロス等のカーボン繊維基材に、フッ素樹脂、導電性カーボン、界面活性剤等よりなる撥水ペーストを浸漬、塗工、印刷等の方法によって含浸し、乾燥した後フッ素樹脂を焼成させることにより(バインダーとして)導電性カーボンを基材に固定して、上記▲1▼〜▲3▼の3つの機能を有するガス拡散層を構成している。
【0004】
ここで、撥水ペーストは、導電性カーボンを界面活性剤等で水等に分散したカーボンスラリーと、撥水性の高い高分子量のフッ素樹脂のディスパージョンを混合して使用することが一般に知られている。このとき、分子量の大きいフッ素樹脂を使用するとフッ素樹脂が混合時の剪断力により繊維化し分散不良になり易く、撥水ペーストの安定性も低く、塗工、印刷等の製造プロセスにおける剪断力ににより繊維化して固まり、配管やポンプ等に目詰まりや濃度変化を起こし、塗着不良を起こす原因となっている。
【0005】
そこで、特許文献1,特許文献2,特許文献3,特許文献4においては、かかる問題を解決するために、繊維化しないフッ素樹脂(分子量の低いもの等)を用いることによって、ハンドリング性が高まるとともに分散性も向上するとしている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、撥水ペーストに繊維化しないフッ素樹脂を用いた場合のガス拡散層の性能としては、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性を阻害し、燃料電池の性能を著しく低下させることになる。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は、従来から市販されている繊維化するフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンと、界面活性剤を用い分散安定性の良いカーボンスラリーとを混合する際に、水に溶け難い溶剤等と水に溶け易い溶剤(界面活性剤)を加えてそれらの割合、量で粘度調整するとともに、剪断によるフッ素樹脂の繊維化ポイント(撥水ペーストの安定性)を変えることを可能にするガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを提供する、即ち混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にすることによって、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを提供することを課題とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなるものである。
【0009】
このように、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンを混合する際に水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤をも混合し、これら2つの溶剤の割合と量を変えることによって、剪断に対する安定性(繊維化までの時間)が変化することが分かり、繊維化のし易さを制御できることが分かってきた。繊維化の原理は、次のように推定される。水に溶け難い溶剤は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤(界面活性剤)と結びついてフッ素樹脂表面から乳化剤を引き離し、その結果フッ素樹脂が不安定になりフッ素樹脂同士が結合して繊維化を促進し増粘する。一方、水に溶け易い溶剤(界面活性剤)は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤、カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤と網目状に会合して、増粘はするがフッ素樹脂を安定化させる、即ち繊維化を抑制するものと考えられる。
【0010】
このようにして、混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にして、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0011】
請求項2の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1の構成において、前記水に溶け難い溶剤として分子量が70以上の直鎖または側鎖のアルコール、エステル、ケトン、エーテルのいずれかを用い、前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたものである。
【0012】
発明者らの実験の結果、水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤として、それぞれこれらの溶剤を用いることによって、繊維化までの時間、即ち繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できることが分かった。また、これらの溶剤は入手し易く取り扱いも容易であるので、撥水ペーストの成分として使い易い。
【0013】
このようにして、入手し易く取り扱いも容易な水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を用いて、繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0014】
請求項3の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1または請求項2の構成において、前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記水に溶け難い溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が10重量部以上で、かつ前記水に溶け難い溶剤が7重量部以上12重量部未満であるものである。
【0015】
発明者らの実験の結果、ガス拡散層用撥水ペーストの各成分の配合比は、カーボンスラリーとフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、水に溶け難い溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が10重量部以上であり、かつ水に溶け難い溶剤が7重量部以上12重量部未満である場合に、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性について、最も良好な結果が得られた。したがって、水に溶け難い溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤の配合比を上記の範囲内に収めることによって、安定して良好な特性のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【0016】
請求項4の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなるものである。
【0017】
このように、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンを混合する際に親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤をも混合し、これら2つの溶剤の割合と量を変えることによって、剪断に対する安定性(繊維化までの時間)が変化することが分かり、繊維化のし易さを制御できることが分かってきた。繊維化の原理は、請求項1の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストと同様に、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤の疎水部分が、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤(界面活性剤)と結びついてフッ素樹脂表面から乳化剤を引き離し、その結果フッ素樹脂が不安定になりフッ素樹脂同士が結合して繊維化を促進し増粘する。一方、水に溶け易い溶剤(界面活性剤)は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤、カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤と網目状に会合して、増粘はするがフッ素樹脂を安定化させる、即ち繊維化を抑制するものと考えられる。
【0018】
このようにして、混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にして、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0019】
請求項5の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項4の構成において、前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤として曇点が30℃以下のポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール界面活性剤を用い、前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたものである。
【0020】
発明者らの実験の結果、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤として、それぞれこれらの溶剤を用いることによって、繊維化までの時間、即ち繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できることが分かった。また、これらの溶剤は入手し易く取り扱いも容易であるので、撥水ペーストの成分として使い易い。
【0021】
このようにして、入手し易く取り扱いも容易な親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を用いて、繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0022】
請求項6の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項4または請求項5の構成において、前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が18重量部以上で、かつ前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との重量比が1:1から8:1の範囲内であるものである。
【0023】
発明者らの実験の結果、ガス拡散層用撥水ペーストの各成分の配合比は、カーボンスラリーとフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が18重量部以上であり、かつ親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との重量比が1:1から8:1の範囲内である場合に、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性について、最も良好な結果が得られた。したがって、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤の配合比を上記の範囲内に収めることによって、安定して良好な特性のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【0024】
請求項7の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1つの構成において、前記カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤としてアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物及びアセチレン系アルコールを用いるものである。
【0025】
ここで、アルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物は主に導電性カーボンを水に分散させる働きをし、アセチレン系アルコールは主に分散系の発泡を抑える働きをする。これによって、分散性が良く安定で均一なカーボンスラリーが得られ、これにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに上述の如く水に溶け易い溶剤等を混合することによって、適度な繊維化時間を有するガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
【0027】
実施の形態1
まず、本発明の実施の形態1について、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の実施の形態1にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペースト(以下、単に「撥水ペースト」とも略する。)のうち3種類についてハーケ粘度計を用いてフッ素樹脂が繊維化するまでの時間を測定した結果を示す図である。図2は本発明の実施の形態1にかかる撥水ペーストのうち同じ3種類について図1とは別の条件でハーケ粘度計を用いてフッ素樹脂が繊維化するまでの時間を測定した結果を示す図である。
【0028】
本実施の形態1にかかる撥水ペースト(1)は、次のようにして作製した。まず、アルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物(界面活性剤A)1.5部とアセチレン系アルコール(界面活性剤B)0.5部をイオン交換水54.0部に溶解し、この中に導電性カーボン12.0部を入れ、10分間ディスパーで攪拌した後、サンドミルにて60分間分散して、分散安定性の良いカーボンスラリーを得た。このカーボンスラリーに、市販のポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、「PTFE」と略する。)ディスパージョン(ダイキン工業株式会社製、商品名ポリフロンD1)15.0部、水に溶け難い溶剤としてn−ブタノール6.3部、水に溶け易い溶剤としてHLB=10.5のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物(界面活性剤C)2.7部、イオン交換水8.0部を入れて粘度を調整し、10分間ディスパーで攪拌して、撥水ペースト(1)を得た。
【0029】
さらに、水に溶け難い溶剤としてのn−ブタノール、水に溶け易い溶剤としての界面活性剤Cの配合量を[表1]のように変えて、同様な作製方法で撥水ペースト(2),(3),(4),(5)を得た。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 2004247148
【0031】
これらの撥水ペーストに剪断をかけたとき、PTFEが繊維化するまでの時間(剪断に対する撥水ペーストの安定性)を確認するために、ハーケ粘度計を用いて、図1、図2に示す条件1、条件2で撥水ペースト(1)〜(5)についてそれぞれ測定したところ、[表1]に示される結果が得られた。繊維化時間が長い方が、繊維化するまでの時間が長く安定性が良い。撥水ペースト(1)〜(3)についてのハーケ粘度計による測定結果を図1、図2に示す。
【0032】
種々の繊維化特性を有するこれらの撥水ペースト(1)〜(5)を、ロールコート塗工によりカーボンクロス基材上に塗布し、350℃で焼成してガス拡散層を作製して、基材への浸透性、平面性、撥水性、基材の毛羽立ちを評価して[表1]に示される結果が得られた。[表1]に示されるように、撥水ペースト(1)及び撥水ペースト(2)について、全ての項目で良好な結果が得られたので、これら2種類の撥水ペーストについては、燃料電池のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとして実用化できる。
【0033】
このように、2種の粘度調整剤(n−ブタノール及び界面活性剤C)の量を調整することによってハーケ粘度計で剪断をかけたときのPTFEが繊維化するまでの時間を変え、ロールコートでのハンドリング性を確保するとともに、基材への塗工性を制御できるようになった。
【0034】
このようにして、本実施の形態1の撥水ペースト(1)及び撥水ペースト(2)は、混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂(PTFE)は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にして、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0035】
実施の形態2
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。本実施の形態2にかかる撥水ペースト(6)は、次のようにして作製した。カーボンスラリーの作製方法は実施の形態1と同様で、アルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物(界面活性剤A)1.5部とアセチレン系アルコール(界面活性剤B)0.5部をイオン交換水54.0部に溶解し、この中に導電性カーボン12.0部を入れ、10分間ディスパーで攪拌した後、サンドミルにて60分間分散して、分散安定性の良いカーボンスラリーを得た。
【0036】
このカーボンスラリーに、市販のPTFEディスパージョン(ダイキン工業株式会社製、商品名ポリフロンD1)15.0部、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤としてポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール(界面活性剤D、曇点24℃)10.0部、水に溶け易い溶剤としてHLB=10.5のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物(界面活性剤C)5.0部、イオン交換水2.0部を入れて粘度を調整し、10分間ディスパーで攪拌して、撥水ペースト(6)を得た。
【0037】
さらに、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤としての界面活性剤D、水に溶け易い溶剤としての界面活性剤Cの配合量を[表2]のように変えて、同様な作製方法で撥水ペースト(7),(8),(9),(10)を得た。
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 2004247148
【0039】
これらの撥水ペーストに剪断をかけたとき、PTFEが繊維化するまでの時間(剪断に対する撥水ペーストの安定性)を確認するために、ハーケ粘度計を用いて、図1に示す条件1で撥水ペースト(6)〜(10)についてそれぞれ測定したところ、[表2]に示される結果が得られた。繊維化時間が長い方が、繊維化するまでの時間が長く安定性が良い。
【0040】
種々の繊維化特性を有するこれらの撥水ペースト(6)〜(10)を、ロールコート塗工によりカーボンクロス基材上に塗布し、350℃で焼成してガス拡散層を作製して、基材への浸透性、平面性、撥水性、基材の毛羽立ちを評価して[表2]に示される結果が得られた。[表2]に示されるように、撥水ペースト(7)については、全ての項目で良好な結果が得られたので、この撥水ペースト(7)については、燃料電池のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとして実用化できる。
【0041】
上記各実施の形態においては、水に溶け難い溶剤としてn−ブタノール、水に溶け易い溶剤としてHLB=10.5のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤として曇点が24℃のポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコールを用いた例について説明したが、これ以外にもそれぞれ種々の化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとしてPTFEディスパージョンを用いた例について説明したが、他のフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンを用いても良い。
【0042】
ガス拡散層用撥水ペーストのその他の成分の種類及び配合比についても、上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項1の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなるものである。
【0044】
このように、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンを混合する際に水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤をも混合し、これら2つの溶剤の割合と量を変えることによって、剪断に対する安定性(繊維化までの時間)が変化することが分かり、繊維化のし易さを制御できることが分かってきた。繊維化の原理は、次のように推定される。水に溶け難い溶剤は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤(界面活性剤)と結びついてフッ素樹脂表面から乳化剤を引き離し、その結果フッ素樹脂が不安定になりフッ素樹脂同士が結合して繊維化を促進し増粘する。一方、水に溶け易い溶剤(界面活性剤)は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤、カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤と網目状に会合して、増粘はするがフッ素樹脂を安定化させる、即ち繊維化を抑制するものと考えられる。
【0045】
このようにして、混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にして、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0046】
請求項2の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1の構成において、前記水に溶け難い溶剤として分子量が70以上の直鎖または側鎖のアルコール、エステル、ケトン、エーテルのいずれかを用い、前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたものである。
【0047】
発明者らの実験の結果、水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤として、それぞれこれらの溶剤を用いることによって、繊維化までの時間、即ち繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できることが分かった。また、これらの溶剤は入手し易く取り扱いも容易であるので、撥水ペーストの成分として使い易い。
【0048】
このようにして、入手し易く取り扱いも容易な水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を用いて、繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0049】
請求項3の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1または請求項2の構成において、前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記水に溶け難い溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が10重量部以上で、かつ前記水に溶け難い溶剤が7重量部以上12重量部未満であるものである。
【0050】
発明者らの実験の結果、ガス拡散層用撥水ペーストの各成分の配合比は、カーボンスラリーとフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、水に溶け難い溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が10重量部以上であり、かつ水に溶け難い溶剤が7重量部以上12重量部未満である場合に、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性について、最も良好な結果が得られた。したがって、水に溶け難い溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤の配合比を上記の範囲内に収めることによって、安定して良好な特性のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【0051】
請求項4の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなるものである。
【0052】
このように、カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンを混合する際に親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤をも混合し、これら2つの溶剤の割合と量を変えることによって、剪断に対する安定性(繊維化までの時間)が変化することが分かり、繊維化のし易さを制御できることが分かってきた。繊維化の原理は、請求項1の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストと同様に、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤の疎水部分が、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤(界面活性剤)と結びついてフッ素樹脂表面から乳化剤を引き離し、その結果フッ素樹脂が不安定になりフッ素樹脂同士が結合して繊維化を促進し増粘する。一方、水に溶け易い溶剤(界面活性剤)は、フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの乳化剤、カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤と網目状に会合して、増粘はするがフッ素樹脂を安定化させる、即ち繊維化を抑制するものと考えられる。
【0053】
このようにして、混合工程や塗工工程の配管やポンプの中の比較的低い剪断力ではフッ素樹脂は繊維化せずに、高剪断力で塗工するときに基材上で繊維化することを可能にして、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性に優れたガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0054】
請求項5の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項4の構成において、前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤として曇点が30℃以下のポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール界面活性剤を用い、前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたものである。
【0055】
発明者らの実験の結果、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤として、それぞれこれらの溶剤を用いることによって、繊維化までの時間、即ち繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できることが分かった。また、これらの溶剤は入手し易く取り扱いも容易であるので、撥水ペーストの成分として使い易い。
【0056】
このようにして、入手し易く取り扱いも容易な親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を用いて、繊維化のし易さを容易に制御できるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストとなる。
【0057】
請求項6の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項4または請求項5の構成において、前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が18重量部以上で、かつ前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との重量比が1:1から8:1の範囲内であるものである。
【0058】
発明者らの実験の結果、ガス拡散層用撥水ペーストの各成分の配合比は、カーボンスラリーとフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が18重量部以上であり、かつ親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との重量比が1:1から8:1の範囲内である場合に、バインダーとしての結着力、撥水性、基材への適度の浸透性、平面均一性について、最も良好な結果が得られた。したがって、親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と水に溶け易い溶剤の配合比を上記の範囲内に収めることによって、安定して良好な特性のガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【0059】
請求項7の発明にかかるガス拡散層用撥水ペーストは、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1つの構成において、前記カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤としてアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物及びアセチレン系アルコールを用いるものである。
【0060】
ここで、アルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物は主に導電性カーボンを水に分散させる働きをし、アセチレン系アルコールは主に分散系の発泡を抑える働きをする。これによって、分散性が良く安定で均一なカーボンスラリーが得られ、これにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに上述の如く水に溶け易い溶剤等を混合することによって、適度な繊維化時間を有するガス拡散層用撥水ペーストを得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は本発明の実施の形態1にかかる撥水ペーストのうち3種類についてハーケ粘度計を用いてフッ素樹脂が繊維化するまでの時間を測定した結果を示す図である。
【図2】図2は本発明の実施の形態1にかかる撥水ペーストのうち同じ3種類について図1とは別の条件でハーケ粘度計を用いてフッ素樹脂が繊維化するまでの時間を測定した結果を示す図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which can impart gas permeability, water vapor permeability and conductivity by impregnating a porous carbon fiber base material constituting a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell. Things.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2002-25575
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2002-280005
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-10-340728
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-08-339809
As described in Patent Document 1, generally, an electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a catalyst layer disposed on both outer surfaces of a polymer electrolyte membrane as a center, and a gas diffusion layer disposed on both outer surfaces thereof. Do it. The functions of the gas diffusion layer are mainly the following three. That is, (1) the fuel gas or the oxidizing gas supplied from the gas flow path (separator) arranged further outside the gas diffusion layer is uniformly diffused into the catalyst layer, and (2) the water generated in the catalyst layer. (3) to conduct electrons necessary for the reaction of the catalyst layer.
[0003]
Therefore, the gas diffusion layer is made gas permeable by having a porous structure, and is made water vapor permeable by dispersing a water-repellent polymer material (also having a function as a binder) such as a fluororesin in the gas diffusion layer. In general, it is made conductive by using carbon fiber, conductive carbon, or the like. As a process of manufacturing the gas diffusion layer, a carbon fiber base material such as carbon paper, carbon cloth, etc., by immersing a water-repellent paste made of a fluororesin, conductive carbon, a surfactant, etc., by a method such as coating and printing. After impregnating and drying, the fluorocarbon resin is calcined to fix the conductive carbon (as a binder) to the base material, thereby constituting the gas diffusion layer having the above three functions (1) to (3). .
[0004]
Here, it is generally known that a water-repellent paste is used by mixing a carbon slurry in which conductive carbon is dispersed in water or the like with a surfactant or the like and a dispersion of a high-molecular-weight fluororesin having high water-repellency. I have. At this time, if a fluororesin having a high molecular weight is used, the fluororesin becomes fibrous due to the shearing force at the time of mixing and tends to be poorly dispersed, and the stability of the water-repellent paste is low. It becomes fibrous and hardens, causing clogging and concentration changes in pipes and pumps, causing poor coating.
[0005]
In Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 4, in order to solve such a problem, handling properties are improved by using a non-fibrous fluororesin (such as one having a low molecular weight). It is said that dispersibility is also improved.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a non-fibrous fluororesin is used for the water-repellent paste, the performance of the gas diffusion layer is as follows: binding performance as a binder, water repellency, moderate permeability to the substrate, and flatness uniformity are hindered. The performance of the battery will be significantly reduced.
[0007]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of mixing a commercially available fluororesin dispersion, which is conventionally made into a fiber, with a carbon slurry having a good dispersion stability using a surfactant, by dissolving in a water-insoluble solvent or the like. Water repellency for gas diffusion layers that enables easy addition of solvents (surfactants) to adjust the viscosity by their ratio and amount, and to change the fiberization point (stability of water repellent paste) of fluororesin due to shearing Providing a paste, i.e. the fluoroplastic does not fibrillate at relatively low shear forces in the piping or pumps of the mixing and coating processes, but instead fibrils on the substrate when applied at high shear It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which is excellent in binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and evenness in a plane. .
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by mixing a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water with a carbon slurry together with a fluororesin dispersion.
[0009]
As described above, when the fluororesin dispersion is mixed with the carbon slurry, a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water are also mixed, and by changing the ratio and the amount of these two solvents, stability against shearing ( (The time until fibrillation) changes, and it has been found that the easiness of fibrillation can be controlled. The principle of fiberization is presumed as follows. Solvents that are hardly soluble in water combine with the emulsifier (surfactant) of the fluororesin dispersion to separate the emulsifier from the fluororesin surface, resulting in instability of the fluororesins and bonding of the fluororesins to promote fiberization. Thickens. On the other hand, the water-soluble solvent (surfactant) associates with the emulsifier of the fluororesin dispersion and the surfactant of the carbon slurry in a network-like manner to increase the viscosity but to stabilize the fluororesin, ie, to form fibers. Is considered to be suppressed.
[0010]
In this way, the fluororesin does not fibrillate at relatively low shear forces in the piping and pumps of the mixing and coating processes, but instead fibrils on the substrate when coating at high shear. And a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which is excellent in binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and evenness in a plane.
[0011]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the second aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect, wherein the water-insoluble solvent is a linear or side chain alcohol, ester, ketone, or ether having a molecular weight of 70 or more. And an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 as the solvent which is easily soluble in water.
[0012]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, it was found that by using these solvents as a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water, the time until fiberization, that is, the ease of fiberization can be easily controlled. Was. Further, since these solvents are easily available and easy to handle, they are easy to use as components of the water-repellent paste.
[0013]
In this way, a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer can be easily controlled using a solvent that is easily soluble and easily soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water.
[0014]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the invention of claim 3 is, in the constitution of claim 1 or 2, less soluble in the water with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. The total of the solvent and the water-soluble solvent is 10 parts by weight or more, and the water-insoluble solvent is 7 parts by weight or more and less than 12 parts by weight.
[0015]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, the mixing ratio of each component of the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer is such that a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water are based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. Is 10 parts by weight or more and the water-insoluble solvent is 7 parts by weight or more and less than 12 parts by weight, the binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, The best results were obtained for uniformity. Therefore, a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer having stable and good characteristics can be obtained by setting the mixing ratio of a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water to fall within the above range.
[0016]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the invention of claim 4 is obtained by mixing a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent that is easily soluble in water, together with a fluororesin dispersion in a carbon slurry. .
[0017]
As described above, when mixing the fluororesin dispersion with the carbon slurry, a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent which is easily soluble in water are also mixed, and the ratio and amount of these two solvents are changed. Thus, it was found that the stability to shearing (the time until fibrillation) changed, and that the ease of fibrillation could be controlled. The principle of fiberization is that, similarly to the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect of the present invention, the hydrophobic portion of the solvent having a structure in which the hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by the hydrophilic groups is used as the emulsifier (surfactant) of the fluororesin dispersion. Agent) and separates the emulsifier from the surface of the fluororesin. As a result, the fluororesin becomes unstable, and the fluororesins are bonded to each other to promote fiberization and increase the viscosity. On the other hand, the water-soluble solvent (surfactant) associates with the emulsifier of the fluororesin dispersion and the surfactant of the carbon slurry in a network-like manner to increase the viscosity but to stabilize the fluororesin, ie, to form fibers. Is considered to be suppressed.
[0018]
In this way, the fluororesin does not fibrillate at relatively low shear forces in the piping and pumps of the mixing and coating processes, but instead fibrils on the substrate when coating at high shear. And a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which is excellent in binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and evenness in a plane.
[0019]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the fourth aspect, wherein a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene having a cloud point of 30 ° C. or less is used as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between the hydrophilic groups. A glycol surfactant is used, and an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 is used as the water-soluble solvent.
[0020]
As a result of the experiments by the inventors, as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent which is easily soluble in water, by using these solvents, respectively, the time until fiberization, that is, the ease of fiberization. Has been found to be easily controllable. Further, since these solvents are easily available and easy to handle, they are easy to use as components of the water-repellent paste.
[0021]
In this way, using a solvent having a structure sandwiching a hydrophobic portion with a hydrophilic group which is easily available and easy to handle and a solvent which is easily soluble in water, the repellency for a gas diffusion layer which can easily control the easiness of fiberization. It becomes a water paste.
[0022]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the hydrophilic group is hydrophobic with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. The sum of the solvent having the structure sandwiching the portion and the water-soluble solvent is 18 parts by weight or more, and the weight ratio of the solvent having the structure sandwiching the hydrophobic portion with the hydrophilic group to the water-soluble solvent is not less than 18 parts by weight. Is in the range of 1: 1 to 8: 1.
[0023]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, the compounding ratio of each component of the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer has a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of a carbon slurry and a fluororesin dispersion. The total of the solvent and the water-soluble solvent is 18 parts by weight or more, and the weight ratio of the solvent having the structure in which the hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by the hydrophilic groups to the water-soluble solvent is 1: 1 to 8: 1. Within the range, the best results were obtained with respect to the binding force as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and planar uniformity. Therefore, the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer having stable and good characteristics can be obtained by keeping the compounding ratio of a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by hydrophilic groups and a solvent easily soluble in water within the above range. Can be.
[0024]
A water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein an ethylene oxide adduct of an alcohol and an acetylenic alcohol are used as the surfactant of the carbon slurry. It is used.
[0025]
Here, the ethylene oxide adduct of the alcohol mainly functions to disperse the conductive carbon in water, and the acetylene alcohol mainly functions to suppress foaming of the dispersion system. As a result, a stable and uniform carbon slurry having a good dispersibility can be obtained, and by mixing with the fluororesin dispersion a solvent which is easily soluble in water as described above, for a gas diffusion layer having an appropriate fiberization time. A water-repellent paste can be obtained.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0027]
Embodiment 1
First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows that three types of water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “water-repellent paste”) according to the first embodiment of the present invention are converted into fibers using a Haake viscometer. It is a figure showing the result of having measured time until. FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the time until the fluororesin fiberizes using a Haake viscometer under the same conditions as those of FIG. 1 for the same three types of water-repellent pastes according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
[0028]
The water-repellent paste (1) according to the first embodiment was produced as follows. First, 1.5 parts of an alcohol ethylene oxide adduct (Surfactant A) and 0.5 parts of an acetylenic alcohol (Surfactant B) were dissolved in 54.0 parts of ion-exchanged water. After adding 12.0 parts and stirring with a disper for 10 minutes, the mixture was dispersed in a sand mill for 60 minutes to obtain a carbon slurry having good dispersion stability. 15.0 parts of a commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter abbreviated as “PTFE”) dispersion (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., trade name: Polyflon D1) are added to the carbon slurry, and n-butanol is used as a solvent that is hardly soluble in water. The viscosity was adjusted by adding 6.3 parts, 2.7 parts of an alcohol ethylene oxide adduct of HLB = 10.5 (surfactant C) and 8.0 parts of ion-exchanged water as solvents easily soluble in water. The mixture was stirred with a disper for minutes to obtain a water-repellent paste (1).
[0029]
Further, the amounts of n-butanol as a solvent which is hardly soluble in water and surfactant C as a solvent which is easily soluble in water are changed as shown in [Table 1], and the water-repellent paste (2), (3), (4) and (5) were obtained.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004247148
[0031]
When these water-repellent pastes were subjected to shearing, a Haake viscometer was used to confirm the time until the PTFE fiberized (stability of the water-repellent pastes against shearing), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. When the water-repellent pastes (1) to (5) were measured under the conditions 1 and 2, respectively, the results shown in [Table 1] were obtained. The longer the fiberization time, the longer the time until fiberization, and the better the stability. The measurement results of the water-repellent pastes (1) to (3) by a Haake viscometer are shown in FIGS.
[0032]
These water-repellent pastes (1) to (5) having various fiberizing properties are applied on a carbon cloth substrate by roll coating, and baked at 350 ° C. to form a gas diffusion layer. The results shown in [Table 1] were obtained by evaluating the permeability to the material, the flatness, the water repellency, and the fluffing of the substrate. As shown in Table 1, good results were obtained for all of the water-repellent paste (1) and the water-repellent paste (2). As a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer.
[0033]
As described above, by adjusting the amounts of the two viscosity modifiers (n-butanol and surfactant C), the time until the PTFE fiberized when subjected to shearing with a Haake viscometer was changed, and roll coating was performed. In addition to ensuring the handleability of the substrate, the coating property on the base material can be controlled.
[0034]
As described above, the water-repellent paste (1) and the water-repellent paste (2) of the first embodiment are made of fluororesin (PTFE) under relatively low shearing force in the piping or pump in the mixing step or the coating step. Does not fibrillate, but can be fibrous on the substrate when applied with high shear force, binding power as a binder, water repellency, moderate permeability to the substrate, flatness uniformity It becomes a water-repellent paste for gas diffusion layers which has excellent properties.
[0035]
Embodiment 2
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The water-repellent paste (6) according to the second embodiment was produced as follows. The method for producing the carbon slurry is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and 1.5 parts of an ethylene oxide adduct of an alcohol (surfactant A) and 0.5 part of an acetylene-based alcohol (surfactant B) are mixed with ion-exchanged water. 0 parts, and 12.0 parts of conductive carbon was added thereto, stirred for 10 minutes by a disper, and then dispersed by a sand mill for 60 minutes to obtain a carbon slurry having good dispersion stability.
[0036]
15.0 parts of a commercially available PTFE dispersion (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., trade name: Polyflon D1) were added to this carbon slurry, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol (surfactant) was used as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion was sandwiched between hydrophilic groups. Agent D, cloud point 24 ° C.) 10.0 parts, as an easily soluble solvent in water, 5.0 parts of an ethylene oxide adduct of alcohol having an HLB of 10.5 (surfactant C), and 2.0 parts of ion-exchanged water. The mixture was added to adjust the viscosity, and stirred with a disper for 10 minutes to obtain a water-repellent paste (6).
[0037]
Further, the same production method was carried out by changing the amounts of surfactant D as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion was sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and surfactant C as a solvent easily soluble in water as shown in [Table 2]. Thus, water-repellent pastes (7), (8), (9) and (10) were obtained.
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004247148
[0039]
When these water-repellent pastes were sheared, a Haake viscometer was used under conditions 1 shown in FIG. 1 to confirm the time until the PTFE fiberized (stability of the water-repellent pastes against shearing). The results shown in [Table 2] were obtained by measuring each of the water-repellent pastes (6) to (10). The longer the fiberization time, the longer the time until fiberization, and the better the stability.
[0040]
These water-repellent pastes (6) to (10) having various fiberizing properties are applied on a carbon cloth substrate by roll coating and fired at 350 ° C. to form a gas diffusion layer. The results shown in [Table 2] were obtained by evaluating the permeability to the material, the flatness, the water repellency, and the fluffing of the substrate. As shown in Table 2, good results were obtained for all the items for the water-repellent paste (7). Therefore, the water-repellent paste (7) was used for the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell. It can be practically used as a water paste.
[0041]
In each of the above embodiments, n-butanol as a solvent that is hardly soluble in water, an ethylene oxide adduct of an alcohol having HLB = 10.5 as a solvent that is easily soluble in water, and a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups are used. Although an example using polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol having a cloud point of 24 ° C. has been described, various other compounds can be used. Further, the example using the PTFE dispersion as the fluororesin dispersion has been described, but another fluororesin dispersion may be used.
[0042]
The types and mixing ratios of other components of the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer are not limited to the above embodiments.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by mixing a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water with a carbon slurry together with a fluororesin dispersion.
[0044]
As described above, when the fluororesin dispersion is mixed with the carbon slurry, a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water are also mixed, and by changing the ratio and the amount of these two solvents, stability against shearing ( (The time until fibrillation) changes, and it has been found that the easiness of fibrillation can be controlled. The principle of fiberization is presumed as follows. Solvents that are hardly soluble in water combine with the emulsifier (surfactant) of the fluororesin dispersion to separate the emulsifier from the fluororesin surface, resulting in instability of the fluororesins and bonding of the fluororesins to promote fiberization. Thickens. On the other hand, the water-soluble solvent (surfactant) associates with the emulsifier of the fluororesin dispersion and the surfactant of the carbon slurry in a network-like manner to increase the viscosity but to stabilize the fluororesin, ie, to form fibers. Is considered to be suppressed.
[0045]
In this way, the fluororesin does not fibrillate at relatively low shear forces in the piping and pumps of the mixing and coating processes, but instead fibrils on the substrate when coating at high shear. And a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which is excellent in binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and evenness in a plane.
[0046]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the second aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect, wherein the water-insoluble solvent is a linear or side chain alcohol, ester, ketone, or ether having a molecular weight of 70 or more. And an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 as the solvent which is easily soluble in water.
[0047]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, it was found that by using these solvents as a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water, the time until fiberization, that is, the ease of fiberization can be easily controlled. Was. Further, since these solvents are easily available and easy to handle, they are easy to use as components of the water-repellent paste.
[0048]
In this way, a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer can be easily controlled using a solvent that is easily soluble and easily soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water.
[0049]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the invention of claim 3 is, in the constitution of claim 1 or 2, less soluble in the water with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. The total of the solvent and the water-soluble solvent is 10 parts by weight or more, and the water-insoluble solvent is 7 parts by weight or more and less than 12 parts by weight.
[0050]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, the mixing ratio of each component of the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer is such that a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water are based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. Is 10 parts by weight or more and the water-insoluble solvent is 7 parts by weight or more and less than 12 parts by weight, the binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, The best results were obtained for uniformity. Therefore, a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer having stable and good characteristics can be obtained by setting the mixing ratio of a solvent that is hardly soluble in water and a solvent that is easily soluble in water to fall within the above range.
[0051]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the invention of claim 4 is obtained by mixing a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent that is easily soluble in water, together with a fluororesin dispersion in a carbon slurry. .
[0052]
As described above, when mixing the fluororesin dispersion with the carbon slurry, a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent which is easily soluble in water are also mixed, and the ratio and amount of these two solvents are changed. Thus, it was found that the stability to shearing (the time until fibrillation) changed, and that the ease of fibrillation could be controlled. The principle of fiberization is that, similarly to the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the first aspect of the present invention, the hydrophobic portion of the solvent having a structure in which the hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by the hydrophilic groups is used as the emulsifier (surfactant) of the fluororesin dispersion. Agent) and separates the emulsifier from the surface of the fluororesin. As a result, the fluororesin becomes unstable, and the fluororesins are bonded to each other to promote fiberization and increase the viscosity. On the other hand, the water-soluble solvent (surfactant) associates with the emulsifier of the fluororesin dispersion and the surfactant of the carbon slurry in a network-like manner to increase the viscosity but to stabilize the fluororesin, ie, to form fibers. Is considered to be suppressed.
[0053]
In this way, the fluororesin does not fibrillate at relatively low shear forces in the piping and pumps of the mixing and coating processes, but instead fibrils on the substrate when coating at high shear. And a water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, which is excellent in binding power as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and evenness in a plane.
[0054]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the fourth aspect, wherein a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene having a cloud point of 30 ° C. or less is used as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between the hydrophilic groups. A glycol surfactant is used, and an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 is used as the water-soluble solvent.
[0055]
As a result of the experiments by the inventors, as a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups and a solvent which is easily soluble in water, by using these solvents, respectively, the time until fiberization, that is, the ease of fiberization. Has been found to be easily controllable. Further, since these solvents are easily available and easy to handle, they are easy to use as components of the water-repellent paste.
[0056]
In this way, using a solvent having a structure sandwiching a hydrophobic portion with a hydrophilic group which is easily available and easy to handle and a solvent which is easily soluble in water, the repellency for a gas diffusion layer which can easily control the easiness of fiberization. It becomes a water paste.
[0057]
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the hydrophilic group is hydrophobic with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion. The sum of the solvent having the structure sandwiching the portion and the water-soluble solvent is 18 parts by weight or more, and the weight ratio of the solvent having the structure sandwiching the hydrophobic portion with the hydrophilic group to the water-soluble solvent is not less than 18 parts by weight. Is in the range of 1: 1 to 8: 1.
[0058]
As a result of experiments by the inventors, the compounding ratio of each component of the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer has a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of a carbon slurry and a fluororesin dispersion. The total of the solvent and the water-soluble solvent is 18 parts by weight or more, and the weight ratio of the solvent having the structure in which the hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by the hydrophilic groups to the water-soluble solvent is 1: 1 to 8: 1. Within the range, the best results were obtained with respect to the binding force as a binder, water repellency, appropriate permeability to a substrate, and planar uniformity. Therefore, the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer having stable and good characteristics can be obtained by keeping the compounding ratio of a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by hydrophilic groups and a solvent easily soluble in water within the above range. Can be.
[0059]
A water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein an ethylene oxide adduct of an alcohol and an acetylenic alcohol are used as the surfactant of the carbon slurry. It is used.
[0060]
Here, the ethylene oxide adduct of the alcohol mainly functions to disperse the conductive carbon in water, and the acetylene alcohol mainly functions to suppress foaming of the dispersion system. As a result, a stable and uniform carbon slurry having a good dispersibility can be obtained, and by mixing with the fluororesin dispersion a solvent which is easily soluble in water as described above, for a gas diffusion layer having an appropriate fiberization time. A water-repellent paste can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the time until the fluororesin turns into fibers using a Haake viscometer for three types of water-repellent pastes according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the measurement of the time until the fluororesin turns into a fiber using a Haake viscometer under the same condition as that of FIG. It is a figure which shows the result.

Claims (7)

カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに水に溶け難い溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなることを特徴とするガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。A water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, comprising a carbon slurry and a fluororesin dispersion mixed with a water-insoluble solvent and a water-soluble solvent. 前記水に溶け難い溶剤として分子量が70以上の直鎖または側鎖のアルコール、エステル、ケトン、エーテルのいずれかを用い、
前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。
As a solvent hardly soluble in water, a molecular weight of 70 or more linear or side chain alcohol, ester, ketone, using any of ether,
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to claim 1, wherein an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 is used as the water-soluble solvent.
前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記水に溶け難い溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が10重量部以上で、かつ前記水に溶け難い溶剤が7重量部以上12重量部未満であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。A total of 10 parts by weight or more of the water-insoluble solvent and the water-soluble solvent is 10 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion, and the water-insoluble solvent is 7 parts by weight. The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is not less than 12 parts by weight or more. カーボンスラリーにフッ素樹脂ディスパージョンとともに親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤及び水に溶け易い溶剤を混合してなることを特徴とするガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。A water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer, comprising a carbon slurry mixed with a fluororesin dispersion, a solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between hydrophilic groups, and a water-soluble solvent. 前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤として曇点が30℃以下のポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレングリコール界面活性剤を用い、
前記水に溶け易い溶剤として親水親油バランス(HLB)が8〜13のアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加界面活性剤を用いたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。
Using a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol surfactant having a cloud point of 30 ° C. or less as a solvent having a structure sandwiching a hydrophobic portion with the hydrophilic group,
The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to claim 4, wherein an ethylene oxide-added surfactant of an alcohol having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of 8 to 13 is used as the water-soluble solvent.
前記カーボンスラリーと前記フッ素樹脂ディスパージョンの合計100重量部に対して、前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との合計が18重量部以上で、かつ前記親水基で疎水部分を挟んだ構造を有する溶剤と前記水に溶け易い溶剤との重量比が1:1から8:1の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載のガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。For a total of 100 parts by weight of the carbon slurry and the fluororesin dispersion, the total of the solvent having a structure in which the hydrophobic portion is sandwiched between the hydrophilic groups and the water-soluble solvent is 18 parts by weight or more, and The weight ratio of the solvent having a structure in which a hydrophobic portion is sandwiched by hydrophilic groups to the water-soluble solvent is in the range of 1: 1 to 8: 1. Water-repellent paste for gas diffusion layer. 前記カーボンスラリーの界面活性剤としてアルコールのエチレンオキサイド付加物及びアセチレン系アルコールを用いることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1つに記載のガス拡散層用撥水ペースト。7. The water-repellent paste for a gas diffusion layer according to claim 1, wherein an ethylene oxide adduct of alcohol and an acetylene-based alcohol are used as a surfactant of the carbon slurry.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007194004A (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-08-02 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of manufacturing gas diffusion layer for solid polymer fuel cell, and membrane-electrode assembly
KR100761523B1 (en) 2006-02-02 2007-10-04 주식회사 협진아이엔씨 Carbon slurry composition for preparation of gas diffusion layer for fuel cell
JP2008186728A (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-14 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Water repellent paste for fuel cell electrode
JP2020145075A (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Paste for microporous layer and production method thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007194004A (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-08-02 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Method of manufacturing gas diffusion layer for solid polymer fuel cell, and membrane-electrode assembly
KR100761523B1 (en) 2006-02-02 2007-10-04 주식회사 협진아이엔씨 Carbon slurry composition for preparation of gas diffusion layer for fuel cell
JP2008186728A (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-14 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Water repellent paste for fuel cell electrode
JP2020145075A (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Paste for microporous layer and production method thereof
JP7207025B2 (en) 2019-03-07 2023-01-18 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Paste for microporous layer and method for producing the same

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