JP2004237710A - Infiltrant aid composition for wooden material, fabric material, paper material and vegetable material free from harmful volatile substance - Google Patents

Infiltrant aid composition for wooden material, fabric material, paper material and vegetable material free from harmful volatile substance Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004237710A
JP2004237710A JP2003067305A JP2003067305A JP2004237710A JP 2004237710 A JP2004237710 A JP 2004237710A JP 2003067305 A JP2003067305 A JP 2003067305A JP 2003067305 A JP2003067305 A JP 2003067305A JP 2004237710 A JP2004237710 A JP 2004237710A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
lithium
wood
aid composition
lower aliphatic
aliphatic alcohol
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JP2003067305A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hayao Ito
隼夫 伊藤
Davi Ito
ダビ 伊藤
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IMUNOBAKKUSU JAPAN KK
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IMUNOBAKKUSU JAPAN KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an infiltrant aid for wooden materials free from harmful volatile substances causing sick house syndrome, and capable of clearing the target infusion amount according to JIS of 120 kg/m<SP>3</SP>. <P>SOLUTION: This infiltrant aid composition for wooden materials, fabric materials, paper materials and vegetable materials is obtained by mixing a lower aliphatic alcohol which is not a harmful volatile substance, and a moisture absorbent such as lithium chloride which is an inorganic compound. The composition can infiltrate into the depth of wood. The infiltrant aid is obtained by further mixing a boron compound having a function of fixing the effective components in the materials with the composition. The infiltrant aid is excellent in infiltrating ability in the vacuum or pressurized infiltration processes with extremely low load on the environment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
シックハウス症候群の原因である有害揮発物質を含まず、しかもインサイジングや減圧・加圧工法である物理的処理を必要とせず、浸漬、あるいは塗布だけで防腐剤、防虫剤、防蟻剤、難燃剤、合成樹脂等の有効成分を、木材の深部にまで容易に浸潤させる木材用浸透助剤の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
木材は、樹木中で通水機能を果たしている時は壁孔(ピット)と称される弁は開放状態にあるが、伐採されて水が失われる時に壁孔を塞いでしまい、再度、壁孔(ピット)を開放状態に戻し、液剤を浸透させるのは容易ではない。しかし、木材がもつところの狂う、腐る、燃える等の短所を化学的な処理や他材料との複合化により改善し、木材の長所を生かしながら新しい機能を付与するには、液剤が木材の深部にまで浸透させる必要がある。
【0003】
日本の産業界全体に対して二酸化炭素の総排出量を今後30%削減しなければならないという課題に対し、日本建築学会会長は木造建造物の耐用年限を今の30年から100年に延伸しなければならないと提言した。それには10cm角の木材断面の少なくとも表面から最小限2cmは薬剤が入ってないと100年はもたない。しかし、現在の技術では、塗布や浸漬方法はもちろん、加圧注入方式にしろ、インサイジング、あるいは温冷浴法にしろとてもそれだけのものを注入することはできない。(西本孝一氏、木材保存、1998年5月号、7ページ)
【0004】
社団法人日本木材保存協会は、薬剤浸透の浸潤度について、最高レベルであるA級浸潤度は木材の放射、接線方向に対し3mmという数値を示している。本来は最低5mmと義務づけたいが、日本には5mmまでの浸潤度を達成できる薬剤がないため3mmの数値を示している。(社団法人日本木材保存協会前会長、西本孝一氏のスピーチ収録から、2001年2月)
【0005】
今日研究されている浸透性改良のための前技術としては生物的処理法(腐朽菌類による処理、バクテリアによる処理、酵素処理)、化学的処理法、物理的処理法(圧縮処理、凍結処理、熱および蒸煮を利用した処理)、刺傷処理法(インサイジング処理、レーザインサイジング処理)がある。
しかし、生物的処理法は、現時点での実用化という観点からみると、壁孔部分を選択的かつ効率的に分解する微生物が見出されないかぎり、汎用技術として確立するのは困難である。
物理的処理法は、木材の細胞壁(メンブレン)を物理的に破壊することによって浸透性を改良する方法であるが、一連の作業を実施するために多額の新規投資をして機材等を購入しなければならなし、エネルギー消費量が大きいこと、処理に多くの時間を要すること、ランニングコストが嵩むこと、高度な処理技術を要すること、などといった問題がある。
刺傷処理法は、材表面の損傷が問題であることと、浸潤度にムラがあるなど改良点が多い。
化学的処理法は、浸透経路の壁孔(ピット)に付着している物質を抽出し化学的に分解しようということである。特に心材部分で注入効率が悪くなる大きな要因は、ピットメンブレンへの心材成分の枕着であり、溶剤を用いてこれらを溶かし出すための化学的処理である。また、薬液の浸透方向は大きく分けて、木材の横方向(放射、接線方向)と縦方向(繊維方向)がある。この内、浸透性が最も良好なのは繊維方向であるが、放射、接線方向への浸透性は極めて困難である。(今村祐嗣氏、木材研究・資料、1995年、第31号、11ページ)
【0006】
今日の化学的処理法では、放射方向および接線方向に対して通常では1.6mm以上の浸透は困難である。(米国農務省発行、ウッドハンドブック、1999年版、第14章、21ページ)。
【0007】
木材保存に対する薬液の注入には減圧・加圧注入法がある。注入装置(注薬缶)を用いて圧力操作を行う処理法で、処理工程は、一次減圧、減圧保持、缶内に薬液充満、常圧復帰、常圧保持か低加圧、一次薬液回収、二次減圧、二次薬液回収、完了であり、所要時間は約3〜18時間である。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
木材の短所は、「狂う、腐る、燃える」であり、これを克服するために木材に対する化学的な処理や他材料との複合化、あるいは刺傷工法であるインサイジングや、減圧・加圧工法である物理的処理を試みながら日本木材学会、日本木材保存学会、及び木材産業界が木材の短所を克服する研究を進めてきた。しかし、木材には液剤が容易に浸透できない木質的特質があることから、弱点の克服には未だ到っていない。もし、本材に物理的処理である機械類を使用せず、浸漬や吹き付けだけで有効成分の液剤が容易に浸透させる技術、つまり画期的な有機化合物の浸透助剤が出来たら、それは木材における産業革命だ、と言われている。
【0009】
しかしながら、有機化合物あるいは有機溶媒にはヒトの化学物質への暴露に関して、以前は安全と考えられていた低濃度でも有害な影響が出る可能性があるという懸念が広がっている。胎内、乳幼児期、あるいは生涯の期間に亘る化学物質への暴露がもたらす健康影響の可能性は、認識作用に影響を与える中枢神経系の発達、免疫機構、および体の発達に対する有害な影響などである。これが、シックハウス症候群あるいは化学物質過敏症と言われており、化学物質と健康の関係についての認識と化学物質に起因する被害の予防法を再考することが求められている。その為には、有害揮発物質を含まない有機溶媒を使用した木材用浸透助剤の開発が第1の課題である。
【0010】
当発明は、日本工業規格(JIS規格)の目標注入量、つまり加圧式注入工法に対する油性・油溶性木材防腐剤の目標注入量である120kg/m3と同等かそれ以上の注入量を達成できることが第2の課題である。つまり、減圧、加圧装置を使用せずに、浸漬だけで、減圧、加圧装置を使用した注入方法と同等かそれ以上の注入が達成できるかどうかである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
木材用浸透助剤には、木材の深部にまで有効成分を運搬してくれる運搬促進溶剤と、有効成分及び運搬促進溶剤の全てを容易に溶解する有機溶媒が必要である。そして、これらのいずれにも有害揮発物質を含まないことである。当発明の有機溶媒には低級脂肪族アルコールのエチルアルコール(エタノール)等を採用した。エチルアルコール(エタノール)はお酒の成分であり低級脂肪族アルコールでは有害性が最も低い有機溶媒である。
【0012】
運搬促進溶剤は木材の深部にまで有効成分を運搬するキャリアーの役割を持つ。当発明では塩化リチウムなどの防湿剤とエチルアルコール(エタノール)等の低級脂肪族アルコールとの混合が運搬促進役割を発揮することが発見された。防湿剤の塩化リチウムは無機化合物で揮発性がなく、更に空調とか、殺菌低温乾燥にも使われるほどで環境負荷が極めて低い。
【0013】
注入された薬剤は、材中に注入された後に、自然乾燥あるいは強制乾燥のときに材の外部に抽出されるが、最も重要なことは材中に注入された浸透助剤が有効成分と一緒に材から抽出されては有効成分の有効性は薄れる。よって、浸透助剤のみが外部に抽出されて有効成分は材中に収めたままで外部に抽出させない機能を持たせる必要がある。当発明では、無機化合物である硼酸化合物が有効成分定着剤としての機能に最も適していることを発見した。硼酸化合物のホウ酸は無機化合物で揮発性は無く、更に刺激性が少ないために角膜、鼻腔、口腔、膣の洗浄剤や、家庭内では消毒、漂白剤、うがい薬、眼洗浄剤、ベビーパウダーとして使用されてきたほどで環境負荷が極めて低い。
【0014】
当発明は、有機溶媒としての低級脂肪族アルコール、有効成分運搬促進溶剤としての防湿材、及び有効成分定着剤としての硼酸化合物を混合させたものであり、これらのいずれも有毒揮発物質ではないことで第1の課題を解決した。
【0015】
スギ材、ヒノキ材などを当発明の木材用浸透助剤に24時間浸漬させた結果、加圧式注入工法のために日本工業規格(JIS規格)が設定した目標注入量120kg/m3を超える注入量を達成でき、更に燃焼テストを実施して有機成分が材中に定着したことを証明して第2の課題を解決した。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、吸湿剤、硼素化合物、低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物である。第1番目に、有効成分運搬促進溶剤の機能をもつ吸湿剤である塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム、グリセリン、トリエチレングリコール、あるいは有機リチウム化合物である炭酸リチウム、高純度炭酸リチウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム無水物、臭化リチウム、塩化リチウム、金属リチウム、硼酸リチウム、弗化リチウム、酢酸リチウム、珪酸リチウム、次亜塩素酸リチウム、ノルマルブチルリチウム、セカンダリーブチルリチウムのいずれか、または2種以上を低級脂肪族アルコールに溶解させたものである。
【0017】
木材中の水は、結合水と自由水の2種類に分けられる。結合水は、木材の細胞壁の内部に散在し、木材の膨張、収縮や力学的性質に影響を与える。自由水は、細胞の内腔などの空隙に液体の状態で存在する水である。樹木は地中の水分をくみ上げて枝葉の末端にまで運ぶが、その水分が自由水となる。伐採後に、自然乾燥にしろ、強制乾燥にしろ、多くの自由水は外に出せられるが、結合水は細胞壁内に残り、除去するのは困難であると同時に強制的に排除しようとすると割れが顕著になる。しかし、この結合水を外に出さなければ有効成分の薬剤は細胞全体に浸透できず、有効性には限りがある。
【0018】
現在、最も普及されている木材保存方法は減圧、加圧工法である。しかし、同工法では有効成分の薬剤が材中の奥にまで浸透することは出来ない。理由は、圧力釜の中でいかに減圧、加圧を繰り返しても、材の表面の全体から同じ重量がかかるため、内部では飽和圧力の状態になり、ある程度以上の薬剤は注入されてもそれ以上ははじかれてしまうので十分なる浸透は困難である。
【0019】
これを解決し、浸透を促進させるには置換方式が最も相応しい。置換方式は、浸透助剤により浸透が促進された薬剤が材中に浸透しながら、自由水はもとより、内部の結合水や細胞内の不純物、ヤニ等の樹脂を取り除きながら置換を進め、これを繰り返しながら、更に、できた空隙に有効成分と置換することである。当発明では、有効成分運搬促進溶剤が置換を進めることを認識し、同促進剤が防湿材と低級脂肪族アルコールの混合剤であることを発見した。
【0020】
置換により有効成分薬剤が材中に浸透しているかどうかを立証する方法は、浸漬だけで、減圧、加圧工法の注入量を超えているかを重量計算(kg/m3)で注入量を計測すれば良い。
【0021】
更に、注入された有効成分が、材中に定着しているかどうかを立証する方法は、難燃効果のある化合物を一緒に混合して、乾燥後に燃焼テストを実施すれば良い。減圧、加圧工法で注入した難燃処理材と比較して、当発明の難燃処理材が難燃的に優位性を持つかどうかで判明できる。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に係わる木材用浸透助剤の浸漬処理方法を実施例に従って説明する。
塩化リチウムとエチルアルコール(エタノール)との2種類組み合わせ混合による浸透助剤の注入量テスト結果;
(比較は、加圧式注入工法のJIS規格目標注入量;120kg/m3)

Figure 2004237710
【0023】
Figure 2004237710
【0024】
Figure 2004237710
【0025】
塩化リチウム、エチルアルコール(エタノール)、ホウ酸との3種類組み合わせ混合による浸透助剤の注入量テスト結果;
(比較は、加圧式注入工法のJIS規格目標注入量;120kg/m3)
Figure 2004237710
【0026】
Figure 2004237710
【0027】
Figure 2004237710
【0028】
塩化リチウム、プロピレングリコール、ホウ酸との3種類組み合わせ混合による浸透助剤の注入量テスト結果。プロピレングリコールの混合により、粘性が出るため、この浸透助剤は有効成分を塗布やスプレイによって表面から浸透させる工法に適している。
(比較は、加圧式注入工法のJIS規格目標注入量;120kg/m3)
Figure 2004237710
【0029】
塩化リチウム、エチルアルコール(エタノール)、ホウ酸との3種類組み合わせ混合による浸透助剤に、有機難燃剤であるリン酸トリメチル(TMP)40重量%を混合したケースの注入量テスト結果。
(比較は、加圧式注入工法のJIS規格目標注入量;120kg/m3)
Figure 2004237710
【0030】
本発明の浸透助剤に対する浸透有効性と、材中での有効成分の定着性を促す硼素化合物の定着有効性を立証するために、燃焼テストを実施した。建築基準法(令第108条の2)では、通常の火災による火熱が加えられた場合に、加熱開始後、不燃材料で20分間、準不燃材料で10分間、難燃材料で5分間、燃焼しないものであることが定められている。国土交通省が定めている難燃、準不燃、難燃材料認定の基準に従い、750度Cに加熱して燃焼テストを実施した。
Figure 2004237710
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本件発明者は、従来における生物的処理法、化学的処理法、物理的処理法、刺傷処理法等の木材浸透技術の難点を解決すると同時に、有害揮発物質を含まない木材用浸透助剤を発明し、加圧式注入工法でJIS規格が求める目標数値(120kg/m3)の注入量を化学的処理工法でもって達成させることができた。
【0032】
第9表のスギ(5−7)の燃焼テストで認識できたことは以下である。有効成分定着機能をもっている硼素化合物は、それ自体が材中において強い難燃作用をもっているが故に、不燃材料の基準を満たすことが出来た。更に、硼素化合物には防腐、防虫、防蟻の作用もあることから、吸湿剤、硼素化合物、低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物だけで、多機能型木材保存剤になれることが立証された。
【0033】
株式会社アサノ不燃木材は、スギ材に対して国土交通大臣の不燃認定(認定番号;NM−0168)を得ているが、材の厚さが24mmである。有効成分はホウ酸とホウ砂であり、強制加圧工法で注入している。今日の技術では、材の厚さを24mm以下にすることは不可能である。北海道林産試験場が平成11〜12年度に実施した「純木製防火外壁の開発」研究において、板材の炭化速度は1mm/分程度であることを発表した。つまり、不燃材料の認定である20分以上の不着火を得るためには、材の厚さが20mmを越える必要がある。今日、認定を受けている不燃材料はよって、24mm以上であるゆえんである。
【0034】
本発明では、第9表で示されているごとく、試験材は全て、厚さが13mmである。当発明の優位性は、第1に、置換方式によって、減圧、加圧工法では得られない材中の全方位に対し浸透が行われていることと、有効成分である硼素化合物がより多く材中に浸透し、よって炭化速度を硼素化合物の燃焼抑制効果によって抑えているためである。更に、本発明の優位性は、24mm以上の材では内装材や化粧材には厚みがありすぎて使用が困難であり構造材が中心であるが、13mmの厚さでは天井材、内装材や化粧材、あるいは家具への活用が可能となることからも理解できる。
【0035】
本発明は、減圧、加圧工法で必要とされる大型の設備投資を必要としない。更に、浸漬や塗布であるため、エネルギー消費がなく、ランニングコストが極力低減することが出来る。
【0036】
本発明の浸透助剤は有機的化合物の有効成分を混合させることで、製品化が多岐である。例えば、防腐木材には第4級アンモニウム塩などの低毒性の防腐剤を混合させる、害虫や白蟻予防には環境負荷の低い防虫剤、防蟻剤を混合させる、木材の強度を高めるには合成樹脂を混合させる、材中に半永久的な芳香機能を持たせるには芳香剤を混合させる、材中に色素を含浸させるには染色剤を混合させることで多機能な木材を製造することができる。
【0037】
吸湿剤と低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物は、同時に調湿木材の機能も持ち合わせる。吸収式除湿は、水分を吸収する性質をもった塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム、トリエチレングリコールなどの水溶液を湿り空気と接触させて空気中の水分を吸収し、除湿を行う方法である。40%濃度の塩化リチウム水溶液の液温25度Cの平衡水蒸気圧は約0.52kPaであり、このときの相当露点温度は約−2度Cである。したがって、水溶液の噴霧などによって湿り空気を完全に接触させて、平衡状態まで持っていったとすると、−2度Cの露点温度まで除湿できることになる。このことは、水溶液の濃度と温度を制御することにより、任意の露点温度が得られるということになる。この原理を利用して、吸湿剤を木材の材中に含浸させ、空気中の湿度を調整することが可能である。これは、とくに高温多湿の日本の都会においては、真夏の夜間にて湿度が低下しないが故に高温を保持し、家庭における空調機が夜間でも稼動することになる。本発明の調湿木材が商品化されれば、部屋内部の湿気を吸収し、夜間での空調機の稼動を抑え、エネルギー消費を低減させることから、社会に多様な貢献をもたらすことが可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
It does not contain the harmful volatile substances that cause sick house syndrome, and does not require physical treatment such as insizing or decompression / pressurization, and can be immersed or applied only for preservatives, insect repellents, termite repellents, and flame retardants. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a penetration aid for wood, in which an active ingredient such as a synthetic resin is easily infiltrated into a deep portion of wood.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a tree is performing a water-passing function in a tree, a valve called a pit is in an open state, but when the tree is cut down and water is lost, the wall is closed and the wall is re-opened. It is not easy to return the (pit) to the open state and allow the liquid agent to permeate. However, in order to improve the disadvantages of wood, such as going crazy, rotting, burning, etc., by chemical treatment and compounding with other materials, and to give new functions while taking advantage of the strength of wood, the liquid agent must be deep in the wood. It is necessary to infiltrate up to.
[0003]
In response to the challenge of reducing the total carbon dioxide emissions for the entire Japanese industry by 30% in the future, the President of the Architects of Japan has extended the useful life of wooden structures from the current 30 years to 100 years. Suggested that it must be done. It takes less than 100 years for at least 2 cm from the surface of a 10 cm square section of wood to be free of chemicals. However, with the current technology, it is impossible to inject a very large amount of the material, whether it be a pressure injection method, an insizing method, or a hot / cold bath method, as well as a coating or dipping method. (Koichi Nishimoto, Wood Preservation, May 1998, p. 7)
[0004]
According to the Japan Wood Preservation Association, regarding the degree of infiltration of drug penetration, the highest level of Class A infiltration is 3 mm with respect to the radiation and tangential direction of wood. Originally we would like to require a minimum of 5 mm, but in Japan there is no drug that can achieve a degree of infiltration of up to 5 mm, so a value of 3 mm is shown. (From a speech recorded by Koichi Nishimoto, former chairman of the Japan Wood Preservation Association, February 2001)
[0005]
Prior technologies for improving permeability that are being studied today include biological treatment methods (treatment with rot fungi, treatment with bacteria, enzyme treatment), chemical treatment methods, and physical treatment methods (compression treatment, freezing treatment, heat treatment). And treatment using steaming) and a puncture treatment method (insizing treatment, laser insizing treatment).
However, from the viewpoint of practical application at the present time, it is difficult to establish a biological treatment method as a general-purpose technique unless a microorganism that selectively and efficiently degrades a pore portion is found.
Physical treatment is a method to improve permeability by physically destroying the cell wall (membrane) of wood. However, a large amount of new investment is required to purchase equipment and the like to carry out a series of operations. Problems, such as high energy consumption, long processing time, high running cost, and high processing technology.
The puncture treatment method has many improvements such as the problem of damage to the surface of the material and unevenness in the degree of infiltration.
The chemical treatment method is to extract and chemically decompose a substance attached to a wall hole (pit) in a permeation path. In particular, a major factor that the injection efficiency is deteriorated in the core material portion is the pilling of the core material component onto the pit membrane, and is a chemical treatment for dissolving these components using a solvent. The penetration direction of the chemical solution is roughly classified into a horizontal direction (radiation, tangential direction) and a vertical direction (fiber direction) of wood. Of these, the permeability is best in the fiber direction, but the radiation and tangential permeability is extremely difficult. (Yuji Imamura, Wood Research and Material, 1995, No. 31, p. 11)
[0006]
With today's chemical treatment methods, penetration of typically 1.6 mm or more in the radial and tangential directions is difficult. (US Department of Agriculture, Wood Handbook, 1999 Edition, Chapter 14, page 21).
[0007]
There is a reduced pressure / pressure injection method for injecting a chemical for wood preservation. This is a processing method in which pressure operation is performed using an injection device (injection can). The processing steps are: primary depressurization, depressurization holding, filling of the canister with chemical solution, normal pressure return, normal pressure holding or low pressurization, primary chemical recovery, Subsequent decompression, secondary chemical recovery, and completion are completed, and the required time is about 3 to 18 hours.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The disadvantages of wood are that it goes "crazy, rots, burns," and in order to overcome this, it is necessary to use chemical treatment of wood, compounding with other materials, stab incising methods such as insizing, and decompression / pressure methods. The Wood Science Society of Japan, the Japan Wood Conservation Society, and the wood industry have been working on overcoming the shortcomings of wood while trying certain physical treatments. However, the weaknesses of wood have not yet been overcome due to its woody qualities that do not allow liquids to penetrate easily. If the material can be easily penetrated by simply immersing or spraying the material without using mechanical machinery, which is a physical treatment, that is, if a revolutionary organic compound penetration aid can be made, it will be wood Is said to be the industrial revolution in
[0009]
However, there is growing concern that organic compounds or solvents may have harmful effects on human exposure to chemicals, even at low concentrations previously considered safe. The potential health effects of exposure to chemicals in utero, infancy, or throughout life may include adverse effects on the central nervous system, immune system, and body development that affect cognitive effects. is there. This is called sick house syndrome or chemical sensitivity, and there is a need to recognize the relationship between chemicals and health and reconsider how to prevent damage caused by chemicals. For that purpose, the first problem is to develop a penetration aid for wood using an organic solvent containing no harmful volatile substances.
[0010]
The present invention can achieve an injection amount equal to or more than the target injection amount of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS), that is, 120 kg / m3, which is the target injection amount of oily and oil-soluble wood preservatives for the pressurized injection method. This is the second problem. That is, whether or not injection can be achieved by immersion alone without using a decompression / pressurizing device, which is equivalent to or more than the injection method using the depressurizing / pressurizing device.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Wood penetration aids require a transport-promoting solvent that transports the active ingredient deep into the wood, and an organic solvent that readily dissolves both the active ingredient and the transport-promoting solvent. And, none of these contain harmful volatile substances. As the organic solvent of the present invention, ethyl alcohol (ethanol) of a lower aliphatic alcohol or the like was employed. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is a component of alcohol and is the least harmful organic solvent in lower aliphatic alcohols.
[0012]
The transport-promoting solvent acts as a carrier for transporting the active ingredient deep into the wood. In the present invention, it has been discovered that a mixture of a desiccant such as lithium chloride and a lower aliphatic alcohol such as ethyl alcohol (ethanol) plays a role of promoting transport. Lithium chloride, a desiccant, is an inorganic compound that has no volatility and is used for air conditioning and sterilization and low-temperature drying.
[0013]
After the injected drug is injected into the material, it is extracted to the outside of the material during natural drying or forced drying, but most importantly, the penetration aid injected into the material is combined with the active ingredient. When extracted from wood, the effectiveness of the active ingredient is diminished. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a function that only the penetration aid is extracted to the outside and the active ingredient is not extracted to the outside while being contained in the material. In the present invention, it has been discovered that a boric acid compound, which is an inorganic compound, is most suitable for functioning as an active ingredient fixing agent. Boric acid, a boric acid compound, is an inorganic compound that has no volatility and is less irritating. Therefore, it is a cleanser for the cornea, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and vagina. Environmental impact is extremely low as it has been used as
[0014]
The present invention is a mixture of a lower aliphatic alcohol as an organic solvent, a moisture barrier as an active ingredient transport promoting solvent, and a boric acid compound as an active ingredient fixing agent, and none of these is a toxic volatile substance. Solved the first problem.
[0015]
As a result of immersing cedar wood, hinoki wood and the like in the wood penetration aid of the present invention for 24 hours, the injection amount exceeding the target injection amount of 120 kg / m3 set by the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS standard) for the pressurized injection method And a combustion test was conducted to prove that the organic component was fixed in the material, thereby solving the second problem.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention is a penetration aid composition for wood mixed with a moisture absorbent, a boron compound and a lower aliphatic alcohol. First, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, glycerin, triethylene glycol, which is a hygroscopic agent having a function as a solvent for promoting the transport of an active ingredient, or lithium carbonate, high-purity lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and hydroxide, which are organic lithium compounds. Lithium anhydride, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, metallic lithium, lithium borate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium silicate, lithium hypochlorite, normal butyl lithium, secondary butyl lithium It is dissolved in an aliphatic alcohol.
[0017]
Water in wood is divided into two types: bound water and free water. Bound water is scattered inside the cell walls of the wood and affects the expansion, contraction and mechanical properties of the wood. Free water is water that exists in a liquid state in a space such as the lumen of a cell. Trees pump water from the ground and transport it to the ends of the branches and leaves, where the water becomes free water. After logging, a lot of free water is allowed to escape, whether natural or forced, but bound water remains in the cell walls, making it difficult to remove and at the same time cracking when trying to forcibly remove it. Become noticeable. However, unless the bound water is discharged outside, the drug of the active ingredient cannot penetrate the whole cell, and the effectiveness is limited.
[0018]
At present, the most popular methods for preserving wood are the decompression and pressurization methods. However, this method does not allow the active ingredient drug to penetrate deep into the material. The reason is that no matter how much pressure is reduced and pressurized in the pressure cooker, the same weight is applied to the entire surface of the material, so that the inside is in a saturated pressure state, and even if a certain amount of drug is injected, it will be no more It is difficult to sufficiently penetrate because it is repelled.
[0019]
The replacement method is the most suitable to solve this and promote the penetration. In the replacement method, the agent whose penetration is promoted by the penetration aid penetrates into the material, and the replacement proceeds while removing not only free water but also internal bound water, intracellular impurities, resin such as tar, etc. Again, it is to replace the resulting voids with the active ingredient. In the present invention, recognizing that the solvent for promoting the transport of the active ingredient promotes the substitution, it has been discovered that the accelerator is a mixture of a moisture-proof material and a lower aliphatic alcohol.
[0020]
The method of verifying whether or not the active ingredient drug has penetrated into the material by substitution is to measure the injection amount by weight calculation (kg / m3) to determine whether the injection amount exceeds the pressure reduction and pressurization method just by immersion. Good.
[0021]
Further, as a method of verifying whether the injected active ingredient is fixed in the material, a compound having a flame retardant effect may be mixed together, and a combustion test may be performed after drying. It can be determined whether or not the flame-retardant material of the present invention has superiority in flame retardance as compared with the flame-retardant material injected by the reduced pressure and pressure method.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the method of immersion treatment of the penetration aid for wood according to the present invention will be described with reference to Examples.
Test result of injection amount of penetration aid by mixing and mixing two kinds of lithium chloride and ethyl alcohol (ethanol);
(Comparison is JIS standard target injection amount of pressurized injection method; 120 kg / m3)
Figure 2004237710
[0023]
Figure 2004237710
[0024]
Figure 2004237710
[0025]
Test result of injection amount of penetration aid by mixing and mixing three kinds of lithium chloride, ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and boric acid;
(Comparison is JIS standard target injection amount of pressurized injection method; 120 kg / m3)
Figure 2004237710
[0026]
Figure 2004237710
[0027]
Figure 2004237710
[0028]
Test result of injection amount of penetration aid by mixing and mixing three kinds of lithium chloride, propylene glycol and boric acid. Since the viscosity is increased by mixing propylene glycol, this penetration aid is suitable for a method of permeating the active ingredient from the surface by coating or spraying.
(Comparison is JIS standard target injection amount of pressurized injection method; 120 kg / m3)
Figure 2004237710
[0029]
The injection amount test result of the case where 40% by weight of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), which is an organic flame retardant, was mixed with a penetration aid obtained by mixing and mixing three kinds of lithium chloride, ethyl alcohol (ethanol), and boric acid.
(Comparison is JIS standard target injection amount of pressurized injection method; 120 kg / m3)
Figure 2004237710
[0030]
Combustion tests were conducted to demonstrate the penetration effectiveness of the penetration aids of the present invention and of the boron compound that promotes the retention of the active ingredient in the material. According to the Building Standards Law (Ordinance, Article 108-2), when the heat of a normal fire is applied, after starting the heating, burn for 20 minutes with non-combustible material, 10 minutes for semi-combustible material, and 5 minutes for flame-retardant material. It is stipulated that they do not. According to the standards for flame-retardant, semi-non-flammable, and flame-retardant materials specified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, a combustion test was conducted by heating to 750 ° C.
Figure 2004237710
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The present inventor has solved the difficulties of conventional wood infiltration techniques such as a biological treatment method, a chemical treatment method, a physical treatment method, and a puncture treatment method, and at the same time, invented a penetration aid for wood containing no harmful volatile substances. However, the injection amount of the target value (120 kg / m3) required by the JIS standard in the pressurized injection method could be achieved by the chemical treatment method.
[0032]
The following was recognized in the burning test of Sugi (5-7) in Table 9. A boron compound having an active ingredient fixing function was able to meet the standards for non-combustible materials because it itself has a strong flame-retarding effect in the material. Furthermore, since the boron compound also has preservative, insect repellent and termite-inhibiting effects, it can be made into a multifunctional wood preservative simply by mixing a wood penetrating aid composition containing a moisture absorbent, a boron compound and a lower aliphatic alcohol. It was proved.
[0033]
Asano Incombustible Wood Co., Ltd. has obtained cedar wood for noncombustibility certification (Certification Number: NM-0168) by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, but the thickness of the wood is 24 mm. The active ingredients are boric acid and borax, which are injected by forced pressurization. With today's technology, it is not possible to reduce the thickness of the material to less than 24 mm. In the research of "Development of pure wooden fire protection outer wall" conducted by Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute in 1999-2012, it was announced that the carbonization rate of the plate material was about 1 mm / min. That is, in order to obtain non-combustion for 20 minutes or more, which is the certification of noncombustible materials, the thickness of the material must exceed 20 mm. This is because the non-combustible materials that have been certified today are therefore greater than 24 mm.
[0034]
In the present invention, as shown in Table 9, all the test materials have a thickness of 13 mm. The advantages of the present invention are, first, that the permeation is performed in all directions in the material that cannot be obtained by the decompression and pressurization methods by the substitution method, and that the boron compound as an active ingredient has a larger content. This is because the carbonization rate is suppressed by the combustion suppressing effect of the boron compound. Further, the superiority of the present invention is that the interior material and the decorative material having a thickness of 24 mm or more are too thick to be used and are difficult to use, and are mainly structural materials. It can be understood from the fact that it can be used for cosmetics and furniture.
[0035]
The present invention does not require large-scale capital investment required for the decompression and pressurization methods. Furthermore, because of immersion and coating, there is no energy consumption and running costs can be reduced as much as possible.
[0036]
The penetration aid of the present invention has various commercial products by mixing an active ingredient of an organic compound. For example, preservative wood is mixed with low-toxic preservatives such as quaternary ammonium salts. To prevent pests and termites, low-impact insecticides and termites are mixed. Multifunctional wood can be manufactured by mixing resin, mixing fragrance to give a semi-permanent aroma function to the material, and mixing dye to impregnate the dye into the material. .
[0037]
The wood penetrating aid composition obtained by mixing a moisture absorbent and a lower aliphatic alcohol also has the function of moisture-conditioned wood. Absorption dehumidification is a method in which an aqueous solution of lithium chloride, calcium chloride, triethylene glycol, or the like having a property of absorbing moisture is brought into contact with moist air to absorb moisture in the air, thereby performing dehumidification. The equilibrium water vapor pressure of a 40% lithium chloride aqueous solution at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is about 0.52 kPa, and the equivalent dew point temperature at this time is about −2 ° C. Therefore, if the moist air is completely brought into contact by spraying an aqueous solution or the like and brought to an equilibrium state, it is possible to dehumidify to a dew point temperature of -2 ° C. This means that an arbitrary dew point temperature can be obtained by controlling the concentration and temperature of the aqueous solution. By utilizing this principle, it is possible to impregnate a wood material with a moisture absorbent and adjust the humidity in the air. This means that, especially in a hot and humid Japanese city, the humidity does not decrease during the night of midsummer, so that the high temperature is maintained, and the air conditioner in the home operates even at night. If the moisture-conditioned wood of the present invention is commercialized, it can contribute to society by absorbing moisture inside the room, suppressing the operation of air conditioners at night, and reducing energy consumption. is there.

Claims (8)

吸湿剤と低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物。A penetrating aid composition for wood mixed with a hygroscopic agent and a lower aliphatic alcohol. 吸湿剤、硼素化合物、低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物。A penetration aid composition for wood mixed with a moisture absorbent, a boron compound and a lower aliphatic alcohol. 請求項1〜2において、吸湿剤が、塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム、グリセリン、トリエチレングリコール、あるいは有機リチウム化合物である炭酸リチウム、高純度炭酸リチウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム無水物、臭化リチウム、塩化リチウム、金属リチウム、硼酸リチウム、弗化リチウム、酢酸リチウム、珪酸リチウム、次亜塩素酸リチウム、ノルマルブチルリチウム、セカンダリーブチルリチウムのいずれか、またはそれらの2種以上を含む木材用浸透助剤組成物。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hygroscopic agent is lithium chloride, calcium chloride, glycerin, triethylene glycol, or an organic lithium compound such as lithium carbonate, high-purity lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide anhydride, and lithium bromide. Aids for wood containing any of, lithium chloride, lithium metal, lithium borate, lithium fluoride, lithium acetate, lithium silicate, lithium hypochlorite, normal butyl lithium, secondary butyl lithium, or two or more of them Composition. 塩化リチウム5〜25重量%、低級脂肪族アルコール75〜95重量%を混合する木材用浸透助剤組成物。A wood penetration aid composition comprising 5 to 25% by weight of lithium chloride and 75 to 95% by weight of a lower aliphatic alcohol. 塩化リチウム5〜20重量%、硼素化合物5〜20重量%、低級脂肪族アルコール60〜85重量%を混合する木材用浸透助剤組成物。A wood penetration aid composition comprising 5 to 20% by weight of lithium chloride, 5 to 20% by weight of a boron compound, and 60 to 85% by weight of a lower aliphatic alcohol. 請求項2および5において、硼素化合物がホウ砂(Na2B407)、ホウ酸(H3B03)、八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物(ティンボア(R))、ホウ酸亜鉛、ホウ酸マグネシウム、ホウ酸カルシウム、ホウ酸アルミニウムのいずれか、またはそれらの2種以上を含む木材用浸透助剤組成物。In Claims 2 and 5, the boron compound is borax (Na2B407), boric acid (H3B03), disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Timbo (R)), zinc borate, magnesium borate, calcium borate, A penetration aid composition for wood containing any of aluminum borate or two or more thereof. 請求項1〜2および4〜5において、低級脂肪族アルコールがエチルアルコール(エタノール)である木材用浸透助剤組成物。The penetration aid composition for wood according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 5, wherein the lower aliphatic alcohol is ethyl alcohol (ethanol). 吸湿剤と低級脂肪族アルコールを混合した木材用浸透助剤組成物を含浸させた調湿木材。Moisture-conditioned wood impregnated with a wood penetration aid composition in which a moisture absorbent and a lower aliphatic alcohol are mixed.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100335251C (en) * 2004-12-13 2007-09-05 北京市龙顺成中式家具厂 Timber water-tight and anti shrinkage-and-swell processing method
JP2019506521A (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-03-07 シオオ・フェールクルチュル・エービーSioo Fargkultur AB Coating composition and processing method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100335251C (en) * 2004-12-13 2007-09-05 北京市龙顺成中式家具厂 Timber water-tight and anti shrinkage-and-swell processing method
JP2019506521A (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-03-07 シオオ・フェールクルチュル・エービーSioo Fargkultur AB Coating composition and processing method
JP2022017298A (en) * 2015-12-23 2022-01-25 シオオ・フェールクルチュル・エービー Coating compositions and treating method

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