JP2004230245A - Permeation membrane detergent and washing method for treating water - Google Patents

Permeation membrane detergent and washing method for treating water Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004230245A
JP2004230245A JP2003019866A JP2003019866A JP2004230245A JP 2004230245 A JP2004230245 A JP 2004230245A JP 2003019866 A JP2003019866 A JP 2003019866A JP 2003019866 A JP2003019866 A JP 2003019866A JP 2004230245 A JP2004230245 A JP 2004230245A
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Prior art keywords
membrane
cleaning
washing
detergent
treating water
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JP2003019866A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4255110B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshifusa Kaitani
吉英 貝谷
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a detergent for a permeation membrane for treating water having strong washing effect and no bad influence on the membrane and a human body, and to provide a washing method. <P>SOLUTION: The membrane detergent used for washing of the permeation membrane for treating water is a membrane detergent containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of L-cysteine hydrochloride, a hydrate thereof and derivatives thereof. In the method for washing the membrane, the permeation membrane for treating water contaminated with an inorganic substance is washed using the membrane detergent. The membrane detergent may be used in a range of 0.02 to 0.2 wt.%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、膜洗浄剤に係り、特に、水処理用透過膜の薬品洗浄に使用する膜洗浄剤と洗浄方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】特開平11−19490号公報
近年、浄水処理や下排水処理において、分離膜を用いたプロセスが急速に普及しつつある。特に、浄水処理においては、精密ろ過膜や限外ろ過膜を凝集沈殿砂ろ過の代替プロセスとして、下排水処理では、生物処理の固液分離への適用が盛んである。
どのような膜ろ過装置でも、ある程度の時間、処理を継続すると、原水に含まれる有機物や無機物が次第に膜表面や膜細孔内に付着する膜汚染が生じ、膜の透水性能が低下する。膜汚染が進行し、膜の透水性能が実用的なレベル以下に達した時、薬品洗浄を行い、膜の透水性能を回復させる。
一般に、有機性の汚染物質を洗浄する場合には、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムや水酸化ナトリウムを使用する。
また、鉄、マンガンなどの無機物による汚染には、シュウ酸、クエン酸などの有機酸、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸などの無機酸、又は、それらの混合物などで洗浄を行う。
【0003】
上記したように、鉄、マンガンなどの金属酸化物に汚染された膜の洗浄には酸洗浄が行われる。しかし、塩酸や硫酸などの無機酸は、低濃度では効果ないこと、加温が必要なこと、洗浄時間が長くなるなどの問題がある。また、高濃度での使用では、ある程度効果が高まるものの、それ自身の強い刺激臭、膜材料へ悪影響があるなどの問題がある。
シュウ酸やクエン酸などの有機酸は、無機酸よりも洗浄効果はあるが、シュウ酸は人体に対して毒性があるため、特に、浄水処理への使用には抵抗が持たれている。クエン酸は毒性はないものの、シュウ酸よりも洗浄効果が小さく、数%以上の高濃度で使用したり、加温の必要、洗浄時間の長期化などの問題がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決し、洗浄効果が強く、膜及び人体への悪影響がない水処理用透過膜の洗浄剤と洗浄方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、水処理用透過膜の洗浄に用いられる膜洗浄剤であって、L−システイン塩酸塩、その水和物及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種類を含むことを特徴とする膜洗浄剤としたものである。
また、本発明では、前記膜洗浄剤を、無機物によって汚染されたも水処理用透過膜の洗浄に用いる膜洗浄方法としたものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者は、鋭意研究を重ねたところ、膜の洗浄に用いられる膜洗浄剤であって、L−システイン塩酸塩、その水和物及びこれらの誘導体からなる群がら選択される少なくとも一種類を含んだ膜洗浄剤を用いることにより膜の洗浄が容易に行えることを見出し、本発明に至った。
例えば、膜に付着する代表的な無機汚染物質にマンガンがある。膜では、二酸化マンガンの状態で付着しており、膜から洗浄除去するということは、これを分解し、2価のマンガンイオンにして水に溶解することである。この反応を表記すると、次のようになる。
MnO+4H+4e→Mn2++2H
上記式を見てわかるように、二酸化マンガンをマンガンイオンにするためには、水素イオンと電子が必要であり、反応を速やかに進めるためには、洗浄液のpHを酸性側にして、還元雰囲気を作る必要がある。
【0007】
L−システイン塩酸塩は、特異な還元性を示す含硫アミノ酸であるL−システインの塩酸塩であり、塩酸塩であるため、その水溶液は酸性溶液となる。従って、L−システイン塩酸塩は、それ単独で塩酸酸性を示す還元剤として機能するので、マンガンなどの金属酸化物の洗浄に対し良好な洗浄剤となる。また、粉末状の塩酸塩であるため、異臭などもなく無機酸よりも取扱いが容易である。
L−システイン塩酸塩の水和物であるL−システイン塩酸塩一水和物が、食品添加物として使用されており、入手が容易であるので、本発明においてはこれを使用することが好ましいが、他のシステインを含む化合物及び誘導体を使用してもよい。例えば、D−システイン塩酸塩一水和物、DL−システイン塩酸塩一水和物、L−システインメチルエステル塩酸塩などがある。
【0008】
本発明の洗浄剤は、鉄、マンガンなどの金属酸化物を含む無機物の洗浄に使用することができ、薬品の安全性から、特に、浄水処理の膜の洗浄には好ましい。洗浄を行う時の種々の条件、例えば、薬剤の濃度、洗浄温度、洗浄時間などは洗浄する膜の汚染状態に応じて、作業者が適宜決定すればよいが、0.02〜0.2重量%の範囲が好ましい。これは、0.02%以下の濃度では薬品の濃度が薄いため効果が低く、0.2重量%より大きくしても効果の向上が少なくなるためである。
本発明の膜洗浄剤を含有する洗浄液においては、それぞれの洗浄液において、他に洗浄を促進するものを含ませてもよい。
本発明は、透過膜の種類に限定されるものではないが、例としては、精密ろ過膜、限外ろ過膜、ナノろ過膜、逆浸透膜などが含まれる。また、ダイナミックろ過に使用する不織布、織布などのろ過体やろ過支持体でもよい。また、膜の形態、形状に限定されず、例えば、平膜、中空糸膜、管状膜、スパイラル膜でよい。
【0009】
膜の材質にも限定されるものではなく、例としては、ポリオレフィン、ポリスルフォン、ポリアクリルニトリル、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース系、フッ素系ポリマー、セラミックなどが含まれる。
本発明は、膜と洗浄液の接触中に、他の物理的洗浄方法を加えてもよい。例えば、超音波洗浄、スポンジによる洗浄が含まれる。また、エアーバブリングを使用してもいいが、使用するガスは、窒素、アルゴン、ヘリウムなどの洗浄剤と反応しない不活性ガスが好ましい。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。
実施例1
伏流水を原水として、実際の浄水処理に使用した中空糸膜モジュール(公称孔径:0.1μm、材質:ポリエチレン)を薬品洗浄した。膜ろ過装置の形式は、槽浸漬型吸引ろ過方式であり、物理洗浄にはエアースクラビング洗浄を使用していた。薬品洗浄は、膜モジュールを膜ろ過装置から取り外して行うオフライン洗浄で行った。取り外した膜モジュールは、水道水の水流で洗浄した後に薬品洗浄に供した。洗浄前の膜は褐色に着色していたことから、明らかに鉄、マンガンなどの汚染物質が付着していた。
洗浄には、0.1重量%L−システイン塩酸塩一水和物を使用し、洗浄時間は60分、洗浄温度は20℃とした。
洗浄後の清水透水性能は次のとおりであった。
膜の透水性能(m/day/m−Aq at20℃)
使用前 1.50
洗浄前 1.05
洗浄後 1.49
【0011】
実施例2
実施例1の汚染膜を、0.025重量%L−システイン塩酸塩一水和物を使用し、洗浄時間60分、洗浄温度20℃で洗浄した。洗浄後の清水透水性能は次のとおりであった。
膜の透水性能(m/day/m−Aq at20℃)
使用前 1.50
洗浄前 1.05
洗浄後 1.48
【0012】
比較例1
実施例1の汚染膜を、1重量%クエン酸を使用し、洗浄時間60分、洗浄温度20℃で洗浄した。洗浄後の清水透水性能は次のとおりであった。
膜の透水性能(m/day/m−Aq at20℃)
使用前 1.50
洗浄前 1.05
洗浄後 1.05
【0013】
比較例2
実施例1の汚染膜を、10重量%クエン酸を使用し、洗浄時間60分、洗浄温度20℃で洗浄した。洗浄後の清水透水性能は次のとおりであった。
膜の透水性能(m/day/m−Aq at20℃)
使用前 1.50
洗浄前 1.05
洗浄後 1.15
【0014】
【発明の効果】
L−システイン塩酸塩、その水和物及びこれらの誘導体からなる群がら選択される少なくとも一種類を含む膜洗浄剤を使用することにより、鉄、マンガンなどの金属酸化物によって閉塞した膜の洗浄を従来使用されてきた有機酸よりも効果的に洗浄できる。特に、浄水処理に使用する膜の洗浄については、より安全な洗浄が可能となる。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a membrane cleaning agent, and more particularly to a membrane cleaning agent and a cleaning method used for chemical cleaning of a permeable membrane for water treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-11-19490 In recent years, in water purification treatment and sewage treatment, a process using a separation membrane is rapidly spreading. In particular, in water purification treatment, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane is used as an alternative process of coagulated sedimentation sand filtration, and in sewage treatment, biological treatment is being applied to solid-liquid separation.
In any membrane filtration apparatus, if the treatment is continued for a certain period of time, organic substances and inorganic substances contained in the raw water will gradually adhere to the membrane surface and in the pores of the membrane, resulting in a decrease in the water permeability of the membrane. When the membrane contamination has progressed and the water permeability of the membrane has reached a level lower than a practical level, chemical cleaning is performed to restore the water permeability of the membrane.
Generally, when cleaning organic contaminants, sodium hypochlorite or sodium hydroxide is used.
In addition, for contamination with an inorganic substance such as iron or manganese, washing is performed with an organic acid such as oxalic acid or citric acid, an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid, or a mixture thereof.
[0003]
As described above, acid cleaning is performed for cleaning a film contaminated with metal oxides such as iron and manganese. However, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid have problems such as being ineffective at low concentrations, requiring heating, and increasing the cleaning time. In addition, the use at a high concentration increases the effect to some extent, but has problems such as a strong irritating odor of itself and an adverse effect on the film material.
Organic acids, such as oxalic acid and citric acid, have a better cleaning effect than inorganic acids, but oxalic acid is toxic to the human body and is therefore particularly resistant to use in water purification treatment. Although citric acid has no toxicity, it has less cleaning effect than oxalic acid, and has problems such as use at a high concentration of several percent or more, necessity of heating, and prolongation of cleaning time.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a cleaning agent and a cleaning method for a permeable membrane for water treatment, which have a strong cleaning effect and have no adverse effect on the membrane and the human body.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, a membrane cleaning agent used for cleaning a permeable membrane for water treatment, which is selected from the group consisting of L-cysteine hydrochloride, hydrates thereof, and derivatives thereof. A film cleaning agent characterized by containing at least one type.
Further, in the present invention, the membrane cleaning agent is a membrane cleaning method used for cleaning a permeable membrane for water treatment which is contaminated with inorganic substances.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present inventor has conducted extensive studies, and found that the membrane cleaning agent used for cleaning the membrane includes at least one selected from the group consisting of L-cysteine hydrochloride, hydrates thereof, and derivatives thereof. The present inventors have found that the membrane can be easily cleaned by using a membrane cleaning agent, and have reached the present invention.
For example, a typical inorganic contaminant that adheres to the film is manganese. The film is attached in the form of manganese dioxide, and washing and removing from the film means dissolving it into divalent manganese ions and dissolving it in water. This reaction is described as follows.
MnO 2 + 4H + + 4e → Mn 2+ + 2H 2 O
As can be seen from the above formula, hydrogen ions and electrons are required to convert manganese dioxide into manganese ions, and in order to promptly proceed with the reaction, the pH of the cleaning solution is set to the acidic side and the reducing atmosphere is changed. Need to make.
[0007]
L-cysteine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride of L-cysteine, which is a sulfur-containing amino acid having a specific reducing property, and since it is a hydrochloride, its aqueous solution is an acidic solution. Therefore, L-cysteine hydrochloride alone functions as a reducing agent exhibiting hydrochloric acid acidity, and thus is a good cleaning agent for cleaning metal oxides such as manganese. Moreover, since it is a powdered hydrochloride, it is easier to handle than an inorganic acid without an off-flavor.
Since L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, which is a hydrate of L-cysteine hydrochloride, is used as a food additive and is easily available, it is preferable to use this in the present invention. , Other cysteine containing compounds and derivatives may be used. For example, there are D-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, DL-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride and the like.
[0008]
The cleaning agent of the present invention can be used for cleaning inorganic substances containing metal oxides such as iron and manganese, and is particularly preferable for cleaning water purification membranes from the viewpoint of chemical safety. Various conditions at the time of washing, for example, the concentration of the chemical, the washing temperature, the washing time, etc. may be appropriately determined by the operator according to the contamination state of the membrane to be washed, but may be 0.02 to 0.2 weight. % Is preferred. This is because the effect is low at a concentration of 0.02% or less because the concentration of the drug is low, and the improvement of the effect is reduced even if the concentration is more than 0.2% by weight.
In the cleaning liquid containing the membrane cleaning agent of the present invention, each of the cleaning liquids may further contain a substance that promotes cleaning.
The present invention is not limited to the type of permeable membrane, but includes, by way of example, microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, and the like. Also, a filter or a filter support such as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric used for dynamic filtration may be used. The shape and shape of the membrane are not limited, and for example, a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a tubular membrane, or a spiral membrane may be used.
[0009]
The material of the membrane is not limited, and examples include polyolefin, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulosic, fluoropolymer, and ceramic.
The present invention may add other physical cleaning methods during the contact between the membrane and the cleaning solution. For example, ultrasonic cleaning and cleaning with a sponge are included. Although air bubbling may be used, the gas used is preferably an inert gas that does not react with a cleaning agent such as nitrogen, argon, and helium.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples.
Example 1
Using underflow water as raw water, the hollow fiber membrane module (nominal pore diameter: 0.1 μm, material: polyethylene) used in the actual water purification treatment was chemically washed. The type of the membrane filtration device was a tank immersion type suction filtration system, and air scrubbing cleaning was used for physical cleaning. The chemical cleaning was performed by off-line cleaning performed by removing the membrane module from the membrane filtration device. The detached membrane module was washed with a stream of tap water and then subjected to chemical washing. Since the film before washing was colored brown, contaminants such as iron and manganese were clearly adhered.
For washing, 0.1% by weight of L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate was used, the washing time was 60 minutes, and the washing temperature was 20 ° C.
The fresh water permeability after washing was as follows.
Water permeability of the membrane (m / day / m-Aq at 20 ° C)
Before use 1.50
Before washing 1.05
After washing 1.49
[0011]
Example 2
The contaminated film of Example 1 was washed with 0.025% by weight of L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate at a washing temperature of 20 ° C. for a washing time of 60 minutes. The fresh water permeability after washing was as follows.
Water permeability of the membrane (m / day / m-Aq at 20 ° C)
Before use 1.50
Before washing 1.05
After washing 1.48
[0012]
Comparative Example 1
The contaminated film of Example 1 was washed with 1% by weight citric acid at a washing temperature of 20 ° C. for a washing time of 60 minutes. The fresh water permeability after washing was as follows.
Water permeability of the membrane (m / day / m-Aq at 20 ° C)
Before use 1.50
Before washing 1.05
After washing 1.05
[0013]
Comparative Example 2
The contaminated film of Example 1 was washed at a washing temperature of 20 ° C. for 60 minutes using 10% by weight citric acid. The fresh water permeability after washing was as follows.
Water permeability of the membrane (m / day / m-Aq at 20 ° C)
Before use 1.50
Before washing 1.05
After washing 1.15
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
By using a membrane cleaning agent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of L-cysteine hydrochloride, hydrates and derivatives thereof, cleaning of a membrane clogged with a metal oxide such as iron or manganese can be conventionally performed. It can be washed more effectively than organic acids that have been used. In particular, for cleaning of a membrane used for water purification treatment, safer cleaning is possible.

Claims (2)

水処理用透過膜の洗浄に用いられる膜洗浄剤であって、L−システイン塩酸塩、その水和物及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種類を含むことを特徴とする膜洗浄剤。A membrane cleaning agent used for cleaning a permeable membrane for water treatment, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of L-cysteine hydrochloride, hydrates thereof and derivatives thereof. Agent. 無機物によって汚染された水処理用透過膜を、請求項1記載の膜洗浄剤を用いて洗浄することを特徴とする膜洗浄方法。A membrane cleaning method, comprising washing a permeable membrane for water treatment contaminated with an inorganic substance using the membrane cleaning agent according to claim 1.
JP2003019866A 2003-01-29 2003-01-29 Permeable membrane cleaner for water treatment and cleaning method Expired - Fee Related JP4255110B2 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101559429A (en) * 2009-04-23 2009-10-21 林兴盛 Method of cleaning membrane
CN112867555A (en) * 2018-10-11 2021-05-28 新加坡国立大学 Anti-fouling polymers for reverse osmosis and membranes comprising the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101559429A (en) * 2009-04-23 2009-10-21 林兴盛 Method of cleaning membrane
CN112867555A (en) * 2018-10-11 2021-05-28 新加坡国立大学 Anti-fouling polymers for reverse osmosis and membranes comprising the same

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