JP2004230231A - Comprehensive system for preserving water source environment of water source and its surrounding area - Google Patents

Comprehensive system for preserving water source environment of water source and its surrounding area Download PDF

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JP2004230231A
JP2004230231A JP2003019206A JP2003019206A JP2004230231A JP 2004230231 A JP2004230231 A JP 2004230231A JP 2003019206 A JP2003019206 A JP 2003019206A JP 2003019206 A JP2003019206 A JP 2003019206A JP 2004230231 A JP2004230231 A JP 2004230231A
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water source
water
woody biomass
carbide
area
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Kazuhiro Kawai
一寛 河合
Yasuhiro Sueoka
靖弘 末岡
Takehiro Kitsuta
岳洋 橘田
Yuji Yasuda
雄二 保田
Ryohei Ueda
良平 植田
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/58Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a comprehensive system for preserving the water source environment of a water source, with which a tree can be cut or thinned out as planned by converting woody biomass into a high-quality valuable material and increasing its demand, the function that the water source and its surrounding area cultivate a forest can be kept soundly and the water source can also be preserved. <P>SOLUTION: This comprehensive system for making effective use of the woody biomass of the wood recovered by cutting or thinning the tree in the water source and its surrounding area as planned, or as scrap building materials is provided with a carbonizing unit 12 for carbonizing the recovered woody biomass 10, storage equipment 16 for storing the carbide 20 obtained by the unit 12 and a means for converting the stored carbide 20 into at least one of the valuable materials consisting of fuel, a water purifying material, a soil conditioner and a matting material for stock farming according to the demand in the water source and its surrounding area. The unit 12, the equipment 16 and the means for converting the carbide 20 are installed in the water source and its surrounding area. The valuable materials are used in the water source and its surrounding area or in its adjacent area. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水源を有する地域にて森林の涵養機能を保ち水質汚染や水量低下を防止する総合的な水源環境保全システムに関し、特に水源周辺地域から排出する伐採木材、剪定枝、製材廃材、建築廃材等の木質バイオマスを炭化処理して有価物とし需要を増大することにより、廃棄物量を低減して計画的主伐、間伐を可能とし、延いては水源保全を可能とする水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ダムや湖沼、河川等の水源及びその周辺の地域(以下水源周辺地域という)では水源保全対策が講じられている。特に廃棄物の不法投棄や工場排水又は生活廃水の放流等を要因とした水質汚濁の問題が注目されており、これに対して活性炭等の水質浄化材を利用した水処理又は膜分離技術を利用した水処理等により汚濁後の水を浄化する対策が採られていた。しかし、水質浄化技術のみを単独で行うには限界がある上にコストが嵩み、水源保全の根本的な解決には至っていない。
【0003】
実際には、水源周辺地域での森林の放置、荒廃に伴う森林涵養機能の低下や、これに起因して森林機能の低下による流木発生や土砂堆積による水質悪化、水量低下等の問題が発生している。従って、根本的な水源保全とはこれらの問題を総合的に解決する対策に基づき行われなければならない。
従来より、水源周辺地域の森林を健全に維持するために計画的な樹木の伐採が行われている。即ち、森林を好適な状態に維持するために伐期に達した成熟木を切る主伐、及び林木の密度を調節して生育を助けるため一部の林木を伐採する間伐、剪定等が行われている。
【0004】
このようにして伐採された林木は、木質バイオマスとして熱エネルギー、可燃ガス、液体燃料、炭化物又は堆肥等に変換して有効利用することができる。
例えば、特開2001−55580公報(特許文献1)にはバイオマスの炭化技術が開示されており、かかる炭化装置は図5に示されるように下部に炭化室010と、その上部にガス燃焼室020とを配置した構造となっており、小規模ながら不定期的に大量に発生するバイオマスを処理可能である。
【0005】
また、特開2001−20750公報(特許文献2)には、間伐や枝打ちによって生じた間伐材等の木材を破砕し、これにより得られたチップを空気が遮断された高温環境下で蒸し焼きにして木質ガスを発生させ、該木質ガスを燃料源として発電を行う技術が提案されている。これによれば、従来廃棄されていた間伐材等を有効に利用することができ、かつ森林管理の充実を図ることが可能となる。
さらにまた、特開2002−330644公報(特許文献3)には、森林バイオマスを森林内部から外部に向けて空気輸送用パイプラインを敷設し、軽微な費用、労力で搬出してバイオマスを有効利用するシステムが開示されている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−55580公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−20750公報
【特許文献3】
特開2002−330644公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記したように、水源環境保全を達成するためには廃棄物不法投棄や汚染物質流入による水質汚染の防止、水質浄化技術による水質向上に加えて、森林涵養機能の向上を含めた総合的なシステムが必要である。
従来は夫々を単独で行っていたために様々な問題が生じていた。例えば、処理コストが嵩む、処理に際して事業性が認められない、計画的森林伐採で回収された木質バイオマスの需要が少なく放置されることが少なくない、木質バイオマスから製造された燃料、水質浄化材等の品質が悪くこれらを捌けない、等の問題が挙げられる。
【0008】
従って、本発明はかかる従来技術の問題に鑑み、木質バイオマスを高品質の有価物に変換し、需要を増大することにより計画的主伐、間伐等を可能とし、水源周辺地域の森林涵養機能を健全に維持し、延いては水源保全を可能とする総合的な水源環境保全システムを提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明はかかる課題を解決するために、
水源周辺地域の計画的主伐、間伐により回収した木材、剪定枝若しくは建築廃材等の木質バイオマスを有効利用する総合水源環境保全システムにおいて、
回収した木質バイオマスを炭化処理する手段と、炭化により製造した炭化物を備蓄する手段と、前記水源周辺地域の需要に応じて該備蓄された炭化物を燃料、水質浄化材、土壌改良材、畜産敷料からなる有価物の少なくとも一つに変換する手段と、を備え、
前記炭化手段、備蓄手段及び変換手段を水源周辺地域に設けるとともに、前記水源周辺地域若しくは隣接する地域にて前記有価物を利用することを特徴とする。
【0010】
かかる発明によれば、森林にて収集した主伐材や間伐材、ダム、湖沼にて発生する流木及び水源周辺地域にて発生する剪定枝、製材廃材、建築廃材等の木質バイオマスを、水源周辺地域にて炭化処理し有価物とすることで、例えば水質浄化材、活性炭、畜産敷料、土壌改良材、化石燃料代替等の多目的用途に利用可能となり、需要が増大し、水源周辺地域への木材の不法投棄の防止に繋がる。また、水源周辺地域で伐採した木材を有価物に変換する構成としているため、実利が伴い計画的な主伐、間伐及び剪定を遂行し易い。さらに、これにより森林涵養機能が好適に維持され、水源環境保全を達成することができる。
【0011】
さらにまた、前記木質バイオマスは従来廃棄物として焼却処理されていたが、本発明では焼却の必要がないためCO排出の削減も達成できる。
このように、水源周辺地域にて発生する木質バイオマスを炭化処理して有価物に変換し、水源周辺地域若しくは隣接する地域にてこれらを有効利用することにより、該地域からの排出物を地域に還元することとなり、クローズドサイクルが形成され、水源の汚染が防止でき水源が保全される。
【0012】
また、前記炭化物変換手段が、該炭化物を燃料源として電力を生成する発電所を付設したことを特徴とする。このとき、前記炭化物に重油または水を加えてCOM(石炭・石油混合燃料)やCWM(石炭・水混合燃料)を製造しても良い。
これにより、貯蔵や取扱いの容易な液体燃料として利用できる。このようにして生成した電力を、水源周辺地域もしくは隣接する地域の電力会社、近隣工場へ売電しても良いし、該電力を後述する監視システムに送電しても良い。
かかる発明により、従来廃棄されていた木質バイオマスを電力エネルギーとして有効利用することができる。
【0013】
また、前記木質バイオマスの種別に応じて前記炭化手段を複数設け、需要に則した高付加価値の有価物に変換することを特徴とし、さらに前記複数の炭化手段から排出する熱分解ガスを導入する一つの排ガス回収手段を設け、該排ガス回収手段に導入した熱分解ガスを熱源として発電を行う発電所を前記変換手段に付設したことを特徴とする。
かかる発明は、例えば建築廃材或いは製材廃材等の不純物が多い木質バイオマスと、主伐材或いは間伐材等の比較的不純物が少ない木質バイオマスとに分別して炭化処理を行い、不純物が多い木質バイオマスは燃料、畜産敷料等に変換し、不純物が少ない木質バイオマスは水質浄化材、活性炭等に変換する。これにより、高付加価値の有価物を得ることができる。
また、前記複数の炭化手段からの可燃性熱分解ガスを一つの排ガス回収手段に集めることにより、設備コストを低減可能であるとともに排ガスの利用先が広がる。
【0014】
さらに、前記水源周辺地域の主伐、間伐若しくは育林計画に基づき備蓄量を調整し、需要に適した有価物を適宜供給可能にすることが好適である。このように、前記備蓄手段を木質バイオマス回収量の変動に対応可能に構成することで、有価物の安定した供給が可能となる。
また、前記炭化物変換手段が、該炭化物を水質浄化材に変換する手段であり、該水質浄化材により水源の浄化を行う設備を前記水源周辺地域に設けたことを特徴とする。木質バイオマスを活性炭などのように水質浄化材として利用することにより、汚濁した水質の水源において水質浄化が可能となる。
【0015】
さらにまた、前記水源周辺の画像を撮像する撮像手段と、該撮像手段を遠隔操作可能な位置若しくはこれに隣接して該撮像手段からの画像を解析する監視センターと、からなる監視システムを設け、該監視システムにより水源への廃棄物不法投棄を監視するが好ましい。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施例を例示的に詳しく説明する。但しこの実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は特に特定的な記載がない限りは、この発明の範囲をそれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
図1は本発明の総合水源環境保全システムを備えた水源周辺地域の全体概略図で、図2乃至図4は本発明の総合水源環境保全システムに組み込まれた木質バイオマス炭化設備の第1乃至第3実施形態に係るフロー図である。
【0017】
まず、本実施形態において図1に示される水源周辺地域に備えられた各設備につき説明する。図1において、森林などの計画的伐採地域Aでは、森林涵養機能が正常に機能するように多年的な森林計画が遂行される地域で、この計画に基づき林木の主伐、間伐が行われており、伐採した木質バイオマスを回収している。また、該水源周辺地域の製材所、工場及び一般家屋などからは製材廃材、建築廃材及び剪定枝等の木質バイオマス10が回収される。
【0018】
さらに水源周辺地域には前記回収した木質バイオマス10を炭化処理する炭化装置12及び小型炭化装置12’が設けられている。該炭化装置12は木質バイオマス10を無酸素状態で熱分解する構造を有し、好適には複数の炭化装置を並列配置する。該炭化装置12よりの熱分解ガスも完全燃焼させ熱源に利用することが可能である。また、水源周辺地域に炭化装置12が複数設置され、かつこれらが近接して設置している場合には前記複数の炭化装置からの熱分解ガスを一箇所に回収し、排熱回収しても良い。
【0019】
また、かかる水源周辺地域は前記炭化装置12で処理した炭化物20を備蓄する備蓄設備16を備える。該備蓄設備16は、木質バイオマス10の回収量の変動に対応可能な容積を有する。
さらに、かかる地域では通常の生活に必要な各設備を有している。例えば発電所14、下水処理場25、浄水場26などである。該発電所14では、前記備蓄設備16に蓄えられた炭化物を燃料22として利用し、電力21を生成する。該電力は一般家屋、工場或いは監視システム等に送電することができる。また、下水処理場25及び浄水場26では、前記炭化物20を水質浄化材23として利用することができる。
【0020】
さらにまた、本実施形態では水源を含む水源周辺を撮像する監視カメラ27を設置する。該監視カメラ27は常時水源周辺を撮像し、無線により監視センター29に撮像した画像を送信する。そして、該監視センター29にて廃棄物不法投棄者の有無を監視する。また、水質を判定する水質センサ28を水源に設置している。該水質センサ28で得られたデータは無線により前記監視センター29に送信され、前記不法投棄とともにリアルタイムで水質を監視できる。
【0021】
さらに好ましくは、衛星30からのデータに基づき監視センター29にて不法投棄の監視を行ったり、森林の状態を把握して伐採計画を立てても良い。
このように、前記監視カメラ27を設けることで不法投棄が抑制され水源が保全される。また水質センサ28を設置することにより水質汚染状況をリアルタイムで把握でき、水質浄化材等の必要量を容易に把握することができる。また、各設備で利用する電力21は前記発電所14から供給しているため、新たな電力を必要としない。
【0022】
これらの各設備からなる総合水源環境保全システムを導入し、森林水源地域周辺にて焼却処理、放置していた木質バイオマスを有価物に変換することにより、該地域の更なる水源保全が可能となる。
また、木質バイオマスを減容化でき、商品、資源として有効利用できる。
【0023】
次に、本発明の総合水源環境保全システムが具備する木質バイオマス炭化システムにつき説明する。
図2は第1実施形態として大都市複合地域に適した木質バイオマス炭化システムのフロー図で、民間又は自治体にて収集した剪定枝10a及び建築廃材10bからなる木質バイオマスを破砕装置11にて破砕した後に炭化装置12に送給して炭化処理し、生成した炭化物20は適宜粉砕装置15にて粉砕して備蓄設備16に蓄えられる。このとき、前記炭化物に重油または水を加えてCOM(石炭・石油混合燃料)やCWM(石炭・水混合燃料)として備蓄しても良い。
【0024】
また、前記炭化装置12から排出する熱分解ガスはボイラー13に導入し、燃焼して発電設備14の熱源とする。このとき、備蓄設備16から炭化物20を燃料源として利用しても良い。発電装置14にて生成した電力21は売電したり、水源周辺地域の各設備に送電して利用する。また、備蓄された炭化物20は、燃料の他にも例えば下水汚泥焼却炉の助燃料、高炉の還元剤としても利用できる。
【0025】
図3には、木質バイオマス炭化設備の第2実施形態に係るフロー図が示されており、かかる実施形態では都市、農業複合地域に適した処理が行える。まず、民間又は自治体にて収集した剪定枝10a、間伐材10c及び製材廃材10d等の木質バイオマスを破砕装置11で破砕処理した後に炭化装置12にて炭化し、生成した炭化物20を適宜粉砕装置15により粉砕して備蓄設備16に蓄える。そして、水源周辺地域の需要に応じて該炭化物を水質浄化材及び燃料用木炭等として利用する。
【0026】
前記炭化物から排出される熱分解ガスはボイラー13に導入し、前記備蓄設備16に蓄えられた助燃料等とともに発電設備14の熱源とする。該発電設備14で生成した電力は必要に応じて売電したり、水源周辺地域もしくは隣接する地域にて利用される。
前記備蓄設備16は、前記木質バイオマスの回収量の変動に対応可能な容積を有し、これにより需要に応じて有価物を安定して供給することが可能となる。
【0027】
かかる第1、第2実施形態によれば、従来廃棄されていた木質バイオマス10を有価物として有効利用することができ、さらに備蓄設備16を設けているため有価物の需要に応じて安定した供給をすることができる。
また、前記木質バイオマス10を炭化物10として備蓄しているため、減容化ができ、さらに多目的な利用が可能となる。また、前記炭化物20を下水汚泥焼却炉の助燃料として用いた場合、揮発分が少なく流動層炉の砂層内で燃焼するため、砂層温度を保つことができる。
【0028】
図4は、前記図2及び図3に示される炭化設備を合併した設備である第3実施形態に係るフロー図であり、各種木質バイオマスを同時に処理可能である。これによれば、間伐材10c等のクリーンな原料と、建築廃材10d及び産業廃棄物10e等の不純物が多い原料とを分別し、別個に設けた破砕装置11a、11b及び炭化装置12a、12bにより夫々処理する。炭化装置12aにより生成した炭化物20aは高品質な炭化物であるため、水質浄化材、燃料木炭などに適している。一方、炭化装置12bにより生成した炭化物20bは例えば下水汚泥焼却炉の助燃料等に適している。
【0029】
さらに、炭化装置12a、12bから排出する熱分解ガスはボイラー13に導入して燃焼させ、発電設備14に熱エネルギーとして送給して利用する。
このように、複数の炭化装置を設けることにより、高付加価値の有価物を提供することができ需要が一層増大する。また、前記複数の炭化装置からの熱分解ガスを共通のボイラで燃焼させることにより大規模かつ高効率発電が可能となる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上記載のごとく本発明によれば、水源周辺地域にて発生する木質バイオマスを該地域にて炭化処理し有価物とすることで多目的用途に利用可能となり、需要が増大し、水源周辺地域への木材の不法投棄の防止に繋がる。また、かかる構成により実利が伴い計画的な主伐、間伐及び剪定を遂行し易い。さらに、これにより森林涵養機能が好適に維持され、水源環境保全を達成することができる。
さらにまた、本発明では木質バイオマスの焼却の必要がないためCO排出の削減も達成できる。
このように、水源周辺地域にて発生する木質バイオマスを炭化処理して有価物に変換し、水源周辺地域若しくは隣接する地域にてこれらを有効利用することにより、該地域からの排出物を地域に還元することとなり、クローズドサイクルが形成され、水源の汚染も防止でき水源が保全される。
【0031】
また、備蓄手段を木質バイオマス回収量の変動に対応可能に構成することで、有価物の安定した供給が可能となる。
また、従来廃棄されていた木質バイオマスを電力エネルギーとして有効利用することができる。
さらに、木質バイオマスを水質浄化材として利用することにより、汚濁した水質の水源においても水質浄化が可能となる。
さらにまた、監視システムにを設置することにより水源への廃棄物不法投棄を極力防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の総合水源環境保全システムを備えた水源周辺地域の全体概略図である。
【図2】本発明の木質バイオマス炭化設備の第1実施形態に係るフロー図である。
【図3】本発明の木質バイオマス炭化設備の第2実施形態に係るフロー図である。
【図4】本発明の木質バイオマス炭化設備の第3実施形態に係るフロー図である。
【図5】従来の木質バイオマス炭化装置の概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
10 木質バイオマス
10a 剪定枝
10b 建築廃材
10c 間伐材
10d 製材廃材
11 破砕装置
12 炭化装置
14 発電設備(発電所)
16 備蓄設備
20 炭化物
21 電力
23 水質浄化材
27 監視カメラ
28 水質センサ
29 監視センター
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a comprehensive water source environmental protection system for maintaining a forest recharge function in a region having a water source and preventing water pollution and a decrease in the amount of water, and in particular, cut timber, pruned branches, sawn timber, and architectural materials discharged from a water source peripheral region. Increase the demand by turning woody biomass, such as waste wood, into valuable resources, thereby increasing the demand, thereby reducing the amount of waste, enabling planned main cutting and thinning, and eventually conserving water resources. Regarding environmental protection systems.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, water source conservation measures have been taken in water sources such as dams, lakes and marshes, rivers, and the surrounding areas (hereinafter referred to as water source peripheral areas). In particular, attention has been paid to the problem of water pollution caused by illegal dumping of waste, discharge of industrial wastewater or domestic wastewater, and water treatment using water purification materials such as activated carbon or membrane separation technology is used for this purpose. Measures have been taken to purify the polluted water by water treatment. However, there is a limit in performing only water purification technology alone, and the cost increases, and the fundamental solution of water source conservation has not been reached.
[0003]
Actually, there are problems such as the abandonment of forests around the water source and the degradation of the forest recharge function due to devastation, and the degradation of forest functions resulting in driftwood generation, deterioration of water quality due to sedimentation, and decrease in water volume. ing. Therefore, fundamental conservation of water resources must be implemented based on measures that comprehensively solve these problems.
Conventionally, tree felling has been carried out systematically in order to maintain healthy forests around the water source. In other words, main cutting to cut mature trees that have reached the cutting stage in order to maintain the forest in a suitable state, and thinning, pruning, etc., in which some forest trees are trimmed in order to adjust the density of the forest trees and to assist in their growth. I have.
[0004]
The forest trees cut in this way can be converted to thermal energy, combustible gas, liquid fuel, carbide, compost, or the like as woody biomass and used effectively.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-55580 (Patent Document 1) discloses a carbonization technique for biomass. Such a carbonization apparatus includes a carbonization chamber 010 at a lower part and a gas combustion chamber 020 at an upper part as shown in FIG. , And it is possible to treat biomass that is generated in large quantities at small but irregular intervals.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-20750 (Patent Document 2) discloses that wood such as thinned wood generated by thinning or pruning is crushed, and chips obtained by this are steamed in a high-temperature environment in which air is shut off. A technique has been proposed in which wood gas is generated and power is generated using the wood gas as a fuel source. According to this, it is possible to effectively use the thinned wood and the like that have been discarded conventionally, and it is possible to enhance forest management.
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-330644 (Patent Document 3), a pneumatic transportation pipeline is laid from the inside of the forest to the outside of the forest, and the biomass is effectively used by carrying it out with a small cost and labor. A system is disclosed.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-55580 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-20750 A [Patent Document 3]
JP, 2002-330644, A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As mentioned above, in order to achieve water source environmental conservation, in addition to the prevention of water pollution due to illegal dumping of waste and inflow of pollutants, the improvement of water quality by water purification technology, and the comprehensive system including the enhancement of forest recharge function is necessary.
Heretofore, various problems have arisen because each of them is performed independently. For example, the processing cost increases, the business feasibility is not recognized in the processing, the demand of the woody biomass collected by planned deforestation is often small, and the fuel is manufactured from woody biomass, water purification material, etc. Problems such as poor quality of these materials and the inability to handle them.
[0008]
Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention converts woody biomass into valuable resources of high quality, enables planned main cutting, thinning, etc. by increasing demand, and improves the forest recharge function in the area around the water source. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive water resources environmental protection system that enables water resources to be maintained.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present invention, in order to solve such a problem,
In a comprehensive water source environmental conservation system that effectively utilizes woody biomass, such as wood, pruned branches or construction waste, collected by planned main cutting and thinning in areas surrounding water sources,
Means for carbonizing the collected woody biomass, means for storing the carbonized material produced by carbonization, and the stored carbonized material according to the demand in the area around the water source from fuel, water purification material, soil improvement material, livestock litter. Means for converting the value into at least one valuable resource,
The carbonization means, the storage means, and the conversion means are provided in a water source peripheral area, and the valuable resources are used in the water source peripheral area or an adjacent area.
[0010]
According to the invention, woody biomass such as main cuttings and thinnings collected in forests, driftwood generated in dams, lakes and marshes, pruned branches generated in the area around the water source, sawmill waste, construction waste, etc. By carbonizing at the time, it can be used for multipurpose purposes such as water purification material, activated carbon, livestock litter, soil improvement material, fossil fuel replacement, etc. It leads to the prevention of illegal dumping. Further, since the timber cut in the area around the water source is configured to be converted into valuable resources, it is practical and easy to perform planned main cutting, thinning and pruning. In addition, the forest recharge function is suitably maintained, thereby achieving water source environmental conservation.
[0011]
Furthermore, the woody biomass has been conventionally incinerated as waste, but in the present invention, there is no need to incinerate, so that CO 2 emission can be reduced.
In this way, the woody biomass generated in the area around the water source is carbonized and converted into valuable resources, and these are effectively used in the area around the water source or in the adjacent area, so that the emissions from the area can be discharged to the area. As a result of the reduction, a closed cycle is formed, the contamination of the water source can be prevented, and the water source can be preserved.
[0012]
Further, it is characterized in that the carbide conversion means is provided with a power plant that generates electric power using the carbide as a fuel source. At this time, COM (coal / oil mixed fuel) or CWM (coal / water mixed fuel) may be produced by adding heavy oil or water to the carbide.
Thereby, it can be used as a liquid fuel that can be easily stored and handled. The electric power generated in this manner may be sold to a power company or a nearby factory in an area near or adjacent to the water source, or the electric power may be transmitted to a monitoring system described later.
According to this invention, woody biomass that has been conventionally discarded can be effectively used as electric energy.
[0013]
Further, a plurality of the carbonizing means are provided according to the type of the woody biomass, and the carbonized means is converted into a high-value-added valuable material according to demand, and a pyrolysis gas discharged from the plurality of carbonizing means is introduced. One exhaust gas collecting means is provided, and a power plant for generating electricity by using the pyrolysis gas introduced into the exhaust gas collecting means as a heat source is attached to the converting means.
This invention, for example, woody biomass with a large amount of impurities such as building waste or sawn timber, and woody biomass with a relatively small amount of wood such as a main cutting or thinned wood are carbonized, and the woody biomass with a large amount of impurities is a fuel, It is converted into livestock litter and the like, and woody biomass with less impurities is converted into water purification materials, activated carbon and the like. Thereby, a high value-added valuable material can be obtained.
In addition, by collecting the flammable pyrolysis gas from the plurality of carbonization means in one exhaust gas recovery means, it is possible to reduce equipment costs and expand the use destination of the exhaust gas.
[0014]
Further, it is preferable that the stockpiling amount is adjusted based on the main cutting, thinning or tree-planting plan in the area around the water source, so that valuable resources suitable for demand can be appropriately supplied. In this way, by configuring the storage means so as to be able to cope with a change in the amount of woody biomass recovered, a stable supply of valuable resources can be achieved.
Further, the carbide conversion means is means for converting the carbide into a water purification material, and a facility for purifying a water source with the water purification material is provided in an area around the water source. By using woody biomass as a water purification material such as activated carbon, water purification can be performed at a polluted water source.
[0015]
Still further, there is provided a monitoring system including an imaging unit that captures an image around the water source, and a monitoring center that analyzes an image from the imaging unit adjacent to or at a position where the imaging unit can be remotely controlled, Preferably, the monitoring system monitors illegal dumping of water into the water source.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be illustratively described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, and are merely illustrative examples. Not just.
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a water source surrounding area provided with the integrated water source environmental protection system of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are first to fourth examples of woody biomass carbonization facilities incorporated in the integrated water source environmental protection system of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a flowchart according to a third embodiment.
[0017]
First, each facility provided in the area around the water source shown in FIG. 1 in the present embodiment will be described. In Fig. 1, in a planned logging area A such as a forest, an area where a multi-year forest plan is performed so that the forest recharge function can function normally, and the main cutting and thinning of the forest trees are performed based on this plan. , And harvested woody biomass. In addition, woody biomass 10 such as sawn timber, construction waste, and pruned branches is collected from sawmills, factories, general houses, and the like around the water source.
[0018]
Further, a carbonizer 12 and a small carbonizer 12 'for carbonizing the collected woody biomass 10 are provided in the area around the water source. The carbonization device 12 has a structure for thermally decomposing the woody biomass 10 in an oxygen-free state, and preferably has a plurality of carbonization devices arranged in parallel. The pyrolysis gas from the carbonizer 12 can also be completely burned and used as a heat source. Further, when a plurality of carbonization devices 12 are installed in the area around the water source, and when these are installed close to each other, the pyrolysis gas from the plurality of carbonization devices may be collected in one place, and the exhaust heat may be recovered. good.
[0019]
Further, the area around the water source is provided with a storage facility 16 for storing the carbides 20 processed by the carbonization apparatus 12. The storage facility 16 has a volume that can cope with fluctuations in the amount of woody biomass 10 recovered.
In addition, such areas have facilities necessary for normal living. For example, the power plant 14, the sewage treatment plant 25, the water purification plant 26, and the like. The power plant 14 generates electric power 21 by using the carbide stored in the storage facility 16 as a fuel 22. The electric power can be transmitted to a general house, a factory, a monitoring system, or the like. In the sewage treatment plant 25 and the water purification plant 26, the carbide 20 can be used as the water purification material 23.
[0020]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, a surveillance camera 27 that captures an image around the water source including the water source is installed. The monitoring camera 27 constantly captures an image of the vicinity of the water source, and transmits the captured image to the monitoring center 29 wirelessly. Then, the monitoring center 29 monitors the presence or absence of illegal waste dumpers. Further, a water quality sensor 28 for judging water quality is provided at a water source. The data obtained by the water quality sensor 28 is wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring center 29, and the water quality can be monitored in real time together with the illegal dumping.
[0021]
More preferably, the monitoring center 29 may monitor illegal dumping based on data from the satellite 30, or may grasp the state of the forest and make a logging plan.
Thus, by providing the surveillance camera 27, illegal dumping is suppressed and the water source is preserved. Further, by installing the water quality sensor 28, the water pollution state can be grasped in real time, and the required amount of the water purification material or the like can be easily grasped. Further, since the power 21 used in each facility is supplied from the power plant 14, no new power is required.
[0022]
By introducing a comprehensive water source environmental conservation system consisting of these facilities and converting woody biomass that has been incinerated and left unused around the forest water source area into valuable resources, it is possible to further conserve the water source in the area. .
In addition, the volume of woody biomass can be reduced and can be effectively used as products and resources.
[0023]
Next, the woody biomass carbonization system provided in the integrated water source environmental conservation system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a woody biomass carbonization system suitable for a large city complex area as the first embodiment, in which woody biomass composed of pruned branches 10a and construction waste materials 10b collected by a private or local government is crushed by a crushing device 11. Later, the carbonized product is fed to the carbonizing device 12 and carbonized, and the generated carbide 20 is appropriately pulverized by the pulverizing device 15 and stored in the storage facility 16. At this time, heavy oil or water may be added to the carbide to store it as COM (coal / oil mixed fuel) or CWM (coal / water mixed fuel).
[0024]
The pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization device 12 is introduced into the boiler 13 and burns to be used as a heat source of the power generation equipment 14. At this time, the carbide 20 from the storage facility 16 may be used as a fuel source. The power 21 generated by the power generator 14 is sold or used by transmitting power to facilities in the area around the water source. The stored carbides 20 can be used as, for example, an auxiliary fuel for a sewage sludge incinerator and a reducing agent for a blast furnace in addition to fuel.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a flow chart according to a second embodiment of the woody biomass carbonization facility. In this embodiment, a process suitable for an urban area and an agricultural complex area can be performed. First, woody biomass such as pruned branches 10a, thinned wood 10c, and sawmill waste 10d collected by a private or local government is crushed by a crushing device 11 and then carbonized by a carbonizing device 12, and the generated carbide 20 is appropriately crushed by a crushing device 15. And stored in the storage facility 16. Then, the carbide is used as a water purification material, fuel charcoal and the like according to the demand in the area around the water source.
[0026]
The pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbide is introduced into the boiler 13 and used as a heat source for the power generation facility 14 together with the auxiliary fuel and the like stored in the storage facility 16. The electric power generated by the power generation equipment 14 is sold as needed, or used in an area around a water source or an adjacent area.
The storage facility 16 has a volume capable of coping with a change in the recovery amount of the woody biomass, thereby enabling a stable supply of valuable resources according to demand.
[0027]
According to the first and second embodiments, the woody biomass 10, which has been conventionally discarded, can be effectively used as a valuable resource. Further, since the storage facility 16 is provided, a stable supply according to the demand for the valuable resource is provided. Can be.
In addition, since the woody biomass 10 is stored as the carbide 10, the volume can be reduced, and the versatile use is possible. In addition, when the carbide 20 is used as an auxiliary fuel for a sewage sludge incinerator, since the volatile matter is small and it burns in the sand layer of the fluidized bed furnace, the sand layer temperature can be maintained.
[0028]
FIG. 4 is a flow chart according to a third embodiment, which is a facility in which the carbonization facilities shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are combined, and can simultaneously process various woody biomass. According to this, a clean raw material such as the thinned wood 10c is separated from a raw material having a large amount of impurities such as the building waste material 10d and the industrial waste 10e, and the crushing devices 11a and 11b and the carbonizing devices 12a and 12b provided separately. Process each. Since the carbide 20a generated by the carbonization device 12a is a high-quality carbide, it is suitable for a water purification material, fuel charcoal, and the like. On the other hand, the carbide 20b generated by the carbonization device 12b is suitable, for example, as an auxiliary fuel for a sewage sludge incinerator.
[0029]
Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization devices 12a and 12b is introduced into the boiler 13 and burned, and is supplied to the power generation facility 14 as thermal energy for use.
As described above, by providing a plurality of carbonizing devices, a high value-added valuable material can be provided, and the demand further increases. Moreover, large-scale and high-efficiency power generation can be performed by burning the pyrolysis gas from the plurality of carbonization devices in a common boiler.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, woody biomass generated in the area around the water source can be used for multipurpose purposes by carbonizing it in the area to be valuable, increasing demand and increasing the demand for the area around the water source. This leads to the prevention of illegal dumping of timber. In addition, with such a configuration, it is easy to carry out planned main cutting, thinning and pruning with utility. In addition, the forest recharge function is suitably maintained, thereby achieving water source environmental conservation.
Furthermore, in the present invention, reduction of CO 2 emission can be achieved because there is no need to incinerate woody biomass.
In this way, the woody biomass generated in the area around the water source is carbonized and converted into valuable resources, and these are effectively used in the area around the water source or in the adjacent area, so that the emissions from the area can be discharged to the area. As a result, a closed cycle is formed, and contamination of the water source can be prevented, thereby conserving the water source.
[0031]
Further, by configuring the storage means so as to be able to cope with fluctuations in the amount of woody biomass recovered, a stable supply of valuable resources becomes possible.
Further, woody biomass that has been conventionally discarded can be effectively used as electric power energy.
Further, by using woody biomass as a water purification material, water purification can be performed even in a polluted water source.
Furthermore, by installing a monitoring system, illegal dumping of waste into a water source can be prevented as much as possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a water source peripheral area provided with a comprehensive water source environmental protection system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart according to a first embodiment of the woody biomass carbonization facility of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart according to a second embodiment of the woody biomass carbonization facility of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart according to a third embodiment of the woody biomass carbonization facility of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional woody biomass carbonizing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 10 woody biomass 10a pruned branches 10b construction waste 10c thinned wood 10d sawmill waste 11 crushing equipment 12 carbonization equipment 14 power generation equipment (power station)
16 Storage equipment 20 Carbide 21 Electric power 23 Water purification material 27 Monitoring camera 28 Water quality sensor 29 Monitoring center

Claims (7)

水源周辺地域の計画的主伐、間伐により回収した木材、剪定枝若しくは建築廃材等の木質バイオマスを有効利用する総合水源環境保全システムにおいて、
回収した木質バイオマスを炭化処理する手段と、炭化により製造した炭化物を備蓄する手段と、前記水源周辺地域の需要に応じて該備蓄された炭化物を燃料、水質浄化材、土壌改良材、畜産敷料からなる有価物の少なくとも一つに変換する手段と、を備え、
前記炭化手段、備蓄手段及び変換手段を水源周辺地域に設けるとともに、前記水源周辺地域若しくは隣接する地域にて前記有価物を利用することを特徴とする水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。
In a comprehensive water source environmental conservation system that effectively utilizes woody biomass, such as wood, pruned branches or construction waste, collected by planned main cutting and thinning in areas surrounding water sources,
Means for carbonizing the collected woody biomass, means for storing the carbonized material produced by carbonization, and the stored carbonized material according to the demand in the area around the water source from fuel, water purification material, soil improvement material, livestock litter. Means for converting the value into at least one valuable resource,
A comprehensive water source environmental protection system in a water source peripheral area, wherein the carbonizing means, the storage means, and the conversion means are provided in a water source peripheral area, and the valuable resources are used in the water source peripheral area or an adjacent area.
前記炭化物変換手段が、該炭化物を燃料源として電力を生成する発電所を付設したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said carbide converting means includes a power plant which generates electric power using said carbide as a fuel source. 前記木質バイオマスの種別に応じて前記炭化手段を複数設け、需要に則した高付加価値の有価物に変換することを特徴とする請求項1記載の水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。2. The comprehensive water source environmental protection system in the area around a water source according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of carbonization means are provided according to the type of the woody biomass, and the carbonized means is converted into a high-value-added valuable material according to demand. 請求項3記載の複数の炭化手段から排出する熱分解ガスを導入する一つの排ガス回収手段を設け、該排ガス回収手段に導入した熱分解ガスを熱源として発電を行う発電所を前記変換手段に付設したことを特徴とする水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。4. An exhaust gas recovery means for introducing the pyrolysis gas discharged from the plurality of carbonization means according to claim 3, and a power plant for generating electricity by using the pyrolysis gas introduced into the exhaust gas recovery means as a heat source is attached to the conversion means. A comprehensive water source environmental protection system in the area around the water source. 前記水源周辺地域の主伐、間伐若しくは育林計画に基づき備蓄量を調整し、需要に適した有価物を適宜供給可能にしたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。2. The comprehensive water resources environmental protection system in the area around the water source according to claim 1, wherein the stockpiling amount is adjusted based on the main cutting, thinning or forest raising plan in the area around the water source, and valuable resources suitable for demand can be supplied as appropriate. . 前記炭化物変換手段が、該炭化物を水質浄化材に変換する手段であり、該水質浄化材により水源の浄化を行う設備を前記水源周辺地域に設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。2. The water source surrounding area according to claim 1, wherein the carbide converting means is means for converting the carbide into a water purification material, and a facility for purifying a water source with the water quality purification material is provided in the area around the water source. 3. Comprehensive water source environmental conservation system for the region. 前記水源周辺の画像を撮像する撮像手段と、該撮像手段を遠隔操作可能な位置若しくはこれに隣接して該撮像手段からの画像を解析する監視センターと、からなる監視システムを設け、該監視システムにより水源への廃棄物不法投棄を監視することを特徴とする請求項1記載の水源周辺地域の総合水源環境保全システム。A monitoring system comprising: an imaging unit that captures an image around the water source; and a monitoring center that analyzes an image from the imaging unit at or adjacent to a position at which the imaging unit can be remotely operated. 2. The comprehensive water source environmental protection system in the area around a water source according to claim 1, wherein the illegal waste dumping into the water source is monitored by the method.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006128006A (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind High temperature type fuel cell power generation system by carbonizing and gasifying biomass
JP2007091894A (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-12 Ube Machinery Corporation Ltd Production system for woody biomass fuel
JP2014013552A (en) * 2012-06-05 2014-01-23 Kazuyuki Goto Forest resource biomass power generation system (2)
JP2019193358A (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-31 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 Power generation facility and power supply facility

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006128006A (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind High temperature type fuel cell power generation system by carbonizing and gasifying biomass
JP2007091894A (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-12 Ube Machinery Corporation Ltd Production system for woody biomass fuel
JP2014013552A (en) * 2012-06-05 2014-01-23 Kazuyuki Goto Forest resource biomass power generation system (2)
JP2019193358A (en) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-31 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 Power generation facility and power supply facility
JP7148263B2 (en) 2018-04-19 2022-10-05 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 Power supply equipment

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