JP2004229990A - Smoke pushing-back apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To delay a closing time of a fire door in a building by temporarily preventing smoke flowing from the fire origin in a fire. <P>SOLUTION: A ceiling R is installed with a ceiling unit 2 with three-stage output nozzles 12-14. The outlet nozzles 12-14 are directed to the opposite side (fire origin side) of an exit of the building. The outlet nozzles 12-14 are attached directing in the direction of depression angles formed with the ceiling surface of 20°, 45° and 75° respectively. A floor surface F is provided with an underfloor unit 3 having an outlet nozzle 32. The underfloor unit 3 is provided in the exit side of the ceiling unit 2 and the outlet nozzle 32 is directed the ceiling unit 2. In the fire, a jet flow is formed by the respective outlet nozzles 12-14. The smoke flowing along the ceiling from the fire origin is pushed back by the jet flow of the outlet nozzles 12-14. The jet flow of the outlet nozzle 32 forms an air curtain, which prevents the outflow of the smoke to the exit side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fire protection system for a building, and is a smoke push-back device that temporarily blocks smoke generated during a fire, gives time to evacuees from near the fire source, and delays the time until the fire door is closed as a result. Device and method for pushing back smoke.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is well known that a large amount of smoke is emitted with a flame in a fire. The smoke crawls from the source of fire at a rapid rate and reaches the unfired area from the ceiling. Because of the high temperature of the smoke, the smoke reaches the unfired area, causing the building to spread. Also, because smoke in a fire is toxic, its spread can result in more lives. For this reason, buildings are equipped with fire doors that block smoke and fire, and smoke barriers that block the flow of smoke that crawls through the ceiling. The Building Standard Law and the Fire Service Law require that fire doors and smoke barriers be installed for buildings of a certain size or larger. In buildings with fire doors, the fire doors are closed in the event of a fire to shut out smoke, prevent the building from spreading, and prevent toxic gas from leaking.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when closing the fire door, it is necessary to make sure that there is nobody left on the fire side. If the fire door is closed while the residue remains, the life of the residue may be at risk. In addition, the fire door is usually made of a steel plate with excellent heat resistance. If the fire door made of steel is closed, the infrared see-through device that sees through the fire source is useless and the situation on the fire side cannot be grasped. Therefore, it will hinder fire fighting activities.
[0004]
From these viewpoints, we want to close the fire door as late as possible. Particularly in medical facilities and facilities for the elderly, evacuation in the event of a fire requires time, so it is necessary to take sufficient time before closing the fire door. However, simply delaying the timing of closing the fire door naturally cannot fulfill the above-mentioned purpose of the fire door and cannot prevent the fire from spreading out of the building and the outflow of toxic gas.
[0005]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a smoke pushing back device and a method of pushing back smoke, which can delay the spread of smoke generated at the time of fire as much as possible and delay the closing time of a fire door. That is its purpose.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for pushing back smoke flowing in a building, wherein a plurality of ceiling blowing nozzles for blowing gas from a ceiling in the building toward an upstream side of the smoke; A floor blowing nozzle for blowing gas from a floor located on the downstream side toward the ceiling blowing nozzle, wherein the ceiling blowing nozzle is directed in a depression angle direction. Is done.
[0007]
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the downward jet which flows in a depression angle direction from the ceiling of a building toward the upstream of smoke can be formed. Therefore, the smoke flowing from the upstream side of the fire origin collides with the descending jet, is taken in, and descends. After falling, the smoke collides with the floor and is then swept upstream. Further, the floor blowing nozzle forms an upward jet flowing from the floor surface on the downstream side of the smoke toward the ceiling blowing nozzle. The gas forming the rising jet is taken into the descending jet near the ceiling outlet nozzle and descends. Then, after reaching the floor, a part of the gas flows downstream of the smoke and is again taken into the rising jet. In this way, a circulating airflow is formed downstream of the ceiling blowing nozzle, and this circulating airflow functions as an air curtain. As a result, the smoke flowing from the upstream side is blocked by, for example, a circulating airflow and pushed back by the downward jet. Therefore, the flow of smoke is temporarily interrupted, and the closing timing of the fire door can be delayed during that time. As a means for temporarily blocking the flow of smoke, it is conceivable to sprinkle water from the ceiling and put up a water curtain to block the smoke. It is superior in that it does not consume a large amount of water, does not damage household goods, products, documents, etc. due to water spraying, and has a large smoke blocking effect. In addition, it is conceivable that the above-mentioned circulating air flow is formed by the negative pressure of the ceiling blowing nozzle even without the floor blowing nozzle. However, the circulating air flow is positively and reliably formed by installing the floor blowing nozzle. . For example, by providing the floor blow nozzle as close to the ceiling blow nozzle as possible, the diameter of the circulating airflow can be reduced and the space on the evacuation side can be widened.
[0008]
The ceiling outlet nozzles have different heights of outlets, and each of the ceiling outlet nozzles may be directed in a predetermined depression angle direction. Further, the ceiling blow-out nozzle may be directed in the descending angle directions of 20 °, 45 °, and 75 ° in order from the side closer to the ceiling. By arranging the ceiling blow nozzles in this manner, for example, the upper and middle ceiling blow nozzles can form a jet for pushing back the above-mentioned smoke, and the lower ceiling blow nozzle can form a circulating airflow that serves as an air curtain.
[0009]
The smoke push-back device has an upper ceiling outlet nozzle, a middle ceiling outlet nozzle, and a lower ceiling outlet nozzle, wherein the upper ceiling outlet nozzle and the lower ceiling outlet nozzle have an axial flow outlet, The middle ceiling outlet nozzle may include a slit-type outlet. If the ceiling outlet nozzles of all the stages are axial outlets, there is a gap in the airflow ejected from the nozzle, and there is a risk that smoke will pass through the gap and flow downstream. By making the middle-stage outlet nozzle a slit-type outlet as in the present invention, it is possible to prevent such smoke from passing through. Conversely, if all ceiling outlet nozzles are slit-type outlets, a negative pressure portion is created between adjacent upper and middle nozzles and between the middle and lower nozzles. The airflow is disturbed by the negative pressure portion. In addition, when all the ceiling outlet nozzles are slit-type outlets, the airflow blown out from the nozzles in each stage becomes the same, so that the airflows from the nozzles in each stage are easily merged. When the air currents merge, the result is similar to the case of blowing out from a single-stage nozzle, and the ability to push back smoke is reduced. As in the present invention, the upper and lower outlet nozzles are axial flow type outlets, and the middle ceiling outlet nozzle is a slit type outlet, so that peripheral gas passes through the upper and lower stages, and the peripheral gas passes through the upper and lower stages. It flows into the middle stage and between the middle stage and the lower stage, and the negative pressure between the nozzles can be reduced. In addition, since the airflows of the adjacent stages are different, it is difficult for the airflows of the respective stages to merge with each other, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in the ability to push back smoke.
[0010]
The ceiling blow nozzle is provided in a ceiling unit provided on a ceiling, and the ceiling unit has a hollow main body through which gas can flow, and a fan that blows gas to the main body. A ceiling blowing nozzle may be attached. Further, the fan may be attached to the main body. Further, the main body may be formed in a substantially sector shape when viewed from a side surface, and the ceiling blowing nozzle may be attached to a portion corresponding to an arc of the sector shape.
[0011]
The ceiling unit may be freely put in and out of the ceiling. In such a case, the ceiling unit can be stored in the ceiling during normal times, not during a fire.
[0012]
The floor blowing nozzle is provided in an underfloor unit provided below the floor, and the underfloor unit is provided with a fan, and the gas suction port of the fan may be provided on the floor.
[0013]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for pushing back smoke flowing in a building, wherein the step of blowing gas from the ceiling of the building toward the upstream side of the smoke and in the direction of the depression angle includes: A step of blowing gas from a floor located downstream of the smoke in a direction of the blowing position, to provide a method of pushing back the smoke.
[0014]
According to the present invention, a descending jet flowing from the ceiling in the upstream direction of the smoke is formed, so that the smoke flowing from the upstream side of the fire source to the ceiling is lowered by the descending jet and pushed back to the upstream side. It is. Further, an upward jet is formed from the downstream floor near the outlet of the descending jet, and the gas ejected from the floor rises to the outlet position of the descending jet, is taken into the descending jet and descends. Impact on the upstream floor. Then, a part thereof flows to the downstream side, is again taken into the rising jet, and rises again. In this way, a circulating airflow is formed at a position slightly downstream of the position where the smoke collides with the descending jet, and this serves as an air curtain, so that the flow of the smoke can be blocked. According to the present invention, since the smoke flowing from the upstream side can be blocked by the circulating airflow and pushed back by the downward jet, the flow of the smoke can be temporarily interrupted, and the closing timing of the fire door can be delayed.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view of the inside of a building provided with a smoke push-back device 1 according to the present embodiment.
[0016]
The smoke push-back device 1 includes, for example, a ceiling unit 2 for blowing out gas from a ceiling R, and an underfloor unit 3 for blowing out gas from a floor F. The ceiling unit 2 is attached to a ceiling R of a corridor 4 in a building, for example. For example, a fire door 6 is provided on the exit side of the corridor 4. The ceiling unit 2 is provided at a position farther from the exit than the fire door 6, that is, upstream of the smoke flowing from the fire source side in the event of a fire. The ceiling unit 2 includes, for example, a fan 10, a hollow main body 11 through which gas from the fan 10 passes, and a plurality of blowing nozzles 12 to 14 through which gas in the main body 11 is blown.
[0017]
For example, the main body 11 is formed in a fan shape having an internal angle of about 90 ° when viewed from the side. The main body 11 is attached so as to be convex on the fire side from which smoke flows out in the event of a fire, that is, on the side opposite to the exit of the corridor 4. That is, the arc surface 11a of the main body 11 is directed to the fire source side. The fan 10 is attached to, for example, an upper side surface 11b corresponding to a radius portion of the fan of the main body 11.
[0018]
The blow nozzles 12 to 14 are attached to the arc surface 11 a of the main body 11. The blowing nozzles 12 to 14 are arranged in a vertical direction, and are attached in a plurality of stages, for example, three stages. The upper outlet nozzle 12 is mounted in a downward angle direction at an angle of 20 ° from the ceiling surface. The blow nozzle 13 in the middle stage is attached in a downward angle direction at an angle of 45 ° from the ceiling surface. The lower outlet nozzle 14 is mounted in a downward angle direction at an angle of 75 ° from the ceiling surface. Therefore, the gas is blown out from each of the blowing nozzles 12 to 14 in different directions. For example, the gas is blown from the blow nozzle 12 in a relatively horizontal direction, and the gas is blown from the blow nozzle 14 in a direction relatively vertical. The gas is blown out from the blowing nozzle 13 in the middle direction. By the blowing of the gas from the blowing nozzles 12 to 14, a downward jet flowing downward from the ceiling R toward the fire source side can be formed.
[0019]
Further, the upper blowing nozzle 12 and the lower blowing nozzle 14 have a plurality of axial flow outlets arranged in a horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 2, and the middle blowing nozzle 13 has a horizontal opening. A long slit-shaped single outlet. By doing so, it is possible to effectively prevent smoke from passing from the upstream to the downstream, and to increase the smoke blocking effect.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, the ceiling unit 2 is rotatable around a main part of a fan of the main body 11. By rotating the ceiling unit 2, the ceiling unit 2 can be stored in the ceiling R. That is, the ceiling unit 2 can be freely moved in and out of the ceiling R. Further, a door 15 is attached to a side surface 11c opposite to the side surface 11b of the main body 11. The ceiling R is provided with an opening R1 for taking the ceiling unit 2 in and out. Then, when the ceiling unit 2 is rotated and housed in the ceiling R, the opening R1 is closed by the door 15.
[0021]
On the other hand, the underfloor unit 3 is installed under the floor closer to the exit side than the ceiling unit 2. The underfloor unit 3 includes, for example, a fan 30, a main body 31 through which gas from the fan 30 passes, and a blowing nozzle 32 through which gas in the main body 31 is blown.
[0022]
The fan 30 communicates with, for example, a suction port 33 opened in the corridor 4, and can take in the atmosphere in the corridor 4 and blow it to the main body 31. The blowout nozzle 32 is attached to the main body 31 in an elevation direction which is a direction of the ceiling unit 2, for example, in a direction in which an angle with the floor F is about 30 to 40 °. By blowing the gas from the blowing nozzle 32, a jet flow flowing from the floor F on the outlet side to the ceiling unit 2 slightly from the ceiling unit 2 can be formed. In addition, a smoke barrier 40 is provided on the ceiling R at a position closer to the fire than the ceiling unit 2 (the side opposite to the exit).
[0023]
Next, the operation of the smoke push-back device 1 configured as described above will be described. Normally, the ceiling unit 2 is housed in the ceiling R as shown in FIG. When a fire occurs, the ceiling unit 2 is rotated as shown in FIG. The fan 10 of the ceiling unit 2 and the fan 30 of the underfloor unit 3 are operated, and a gas of, for example, about 40 m / s is blown from each of the blowing nozzles 12 to 14 of the ceiling unit 2. As a result, a downward jet flowing obliquely from the ceiling R to the fire source side is formed. Then, a large amount of smoke flowing from the fire source along the ceiling R collides with the descending jet. The smoke colliding with the descending jet is taken into the descending jet and descends. Eventually, the smoke that has reached the floor F is pushed back along the floor F according to the flow of the descending jet to the upstream side, that is, the fire side.
[0024]
On the other hand, a gas of, for example, about 30 m / s is also blown from the blow nozzle 32 of the underfloor unit 3. This gas flows in the direction of the ceiling unit 2 and forms an upward jet flowing from the floor surface F on the outlet side of the ceiling unit 2 to the ceiling unit 2.
[0025]
Then, the gas blown out from the blowing nozzle 32 and reaching the vicinity of the blowing nozzle 14 on the ceiling R is taken into the descending jet by the blowing nozzle 14 and descends. Then, when the gas reaches the floor F, a part of the gas flows to the downstream side of the smoke along the floor F and returns to the vicinity of the blowing nozzle 32. The gas returned to the vicinity of the blowing nozzle 32 is taken into the rising jet and rises again. By blowing gas from the underfloor unit 3 in this manner, a substantially triangular circulating airflow is formed when viewed from the side. The circulating airflow serves as a so-called air curtain, and can suppress the smoke flowing from the fire source side from flowing out to the outlet side.
[0026]
According to the above-described embodiment, a large amount of smoke flowing from the fire source side is blocked and pushed back, so that it is possible to temporarily stop high-temperature smoke from flowing to the outlet side. As a result, the closing time of the fire door 6 can be delayed, so that time for evacuating a person left behind on the fire side can be secured. The effect is particularly great in medical facilities and facilities for the elderly. In addition, since the infrared see-through device such as an infrared detector can be used before the fire door 6 is closed, the situation on the fire source side can be grasped and an appropriate fire extinguishing activity can be performed during that time.
[0027]
Since the blowing nozzles 12 to 14 of the ceiling unit 2 described in the above embodiment are directed in each of the three stages of depression angles, the gas blown out from the upper side pushes back smoke mainly flowing from the upstream side, The gas blown from the lower stage side can form an air curtain mainly with the gas blown from the underfloor unit 3.
[0028]
The upper outlet nozzle 12 and the lower outlet nozzle 14 are provided with an axial outlet, and the middle outlet nozzle 13 is provided with a slit-type outlet, so that smoke from the upstream to the downstream is minimized. Can be minimized.
[0029]
Since the ceiling unit 2 can be freely taken in and out of the ceiling R, the ceiling unit 2 can be stored in the ceiling R at normal times.
[0030]
As described above, an example of the embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and can take various aspects. For example, the number of outlet nozzles of the ceiling unit 2 is not limited to three and can be arbitrarily selected. Also, the angle at that time can be appropriately selected. The number and arrangement of the blowing nozzles at each stage of the ceiling unit 2 can be arbitrarily selected. The installation place of the smoke push-back device 1 is not limited to the corridor 4, but may be another place such as near a door of a room in a building or near a fire door.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to delay the timing of closing the fire door by delaying the diffusion of high-temperature smoke. ， It is possible to carry out more appropriate fire fighting activities.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of the inside of a building in which a smoke push-back device according to an embodiment is installed.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the ceiling unit as viewed from the upstream side of smoke.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the inside of the building of FIG. 1, showing a state where the ceiling unit is housed in the ceiling.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Smoke push-back device 2 Ceiling unit 3 Underfloor unit 12-14,32 Blowing nozzle R Ceiling F Floor

Claims (10)

A device that pushes back the smoke flowing inside the building,
A plurality of ceiling blowing nozzles for blowing gas from the ceiling in the building toward the upstream side of the smoke,
A floor blowing nozzle for blowing gas from a floor located downstream of the smoke from the ceiling blowing nozzle toward the ceiling blowing nozzle;
The smoke blow-back device, wherein the ceiling blowing nozzle is directed in a depression angle direction. The ceiling outlet nozzle changes the height of the outlet,
The smoke push-back device according to claim 1, wherein each of the ceiling blowing nozzles is directed in a predetermined depression angle direction. 3. The smoke push-back device according to claim 2, wherein the ceiling blow nozzle is directed in a descending direction of 20 °, 45 °, and 75 ° in order from a side closer to the ceiling. 4. The ceiling blow nozzle includes an upper ceiling blow nozzle, a middle ceiling blow nozzle, and a lower ceiling blow nozzle.
The upper ceiling blow nozzle and the lower ceiling blow nozzle each have an axial flow outlet,
The smoke push-back device according to claim 2, wherein the middle ceiling outlet nozzle includes a slit-type outlet. The ceiling blow nozzle is provided in a ceiling unit provided on the ceiling.
The ceiling unit has a hollow main body through which gas can flow, and a fan that blows gas through the main body,
The smoke push-back device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the ceiling outlet nozzle is attached to the main body. The smoke-return device according to claim 5, wherein the fan is mounted on the main body. The main body is formed in a substantially fan shape when viewed from the side,
The smoke push-back device according to claim 5, wherein the ceiling blow nozzle is attached to a portion corresponding to the sector-shaped arc. 8. The smoke push-back device according to claim 5, wherein the ceiling unit is freely put in and out of the ceiling. The underfloor nozzle is provided in an underfloor unit provided under the floor,
The under-floor unit is provided with a fan,
The smoke push-back device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, wherein the gas inlet of the fan is provided on the floor. A method of pushing back the smoke flowing inside the building,
A process of blowing gas from the ceiling of the building toward the upper side of the smoke and at the angle of depression,
Blowing the gas from the floor located downstream of the smoke from the position where the gas is being blown out toward the position where the gas is blown out.

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