JP2004196701A - Cell death inhibitor - Google Patents

Cell death inhibitor Download PDF

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JP2004196701A
JP2004196701A JP2002366637A JP2002366637A JP2004196701A JP 2004196701 A JP2004196701 A JP 2004196701A JP 2002366637 A JP2002366637 A JP 2002366637A JP 2002366637 A JP2002366637 A JP 2002366637A JP 2004196701 A JP2004196701 A JP 2004196701A
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cell death
group
milt
fish
death inhibitor
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Seiji Shioda
清二 塩田
Koji Takagi
厚司 高木
Hirokazu Otaki
博和 大滝
Masashi Matsunaga
政司 松永
Hiroaki Hirata
博明 平田
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Nissan Chemical Corp
Nissei Bio Co Ltd
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Nissan Chemical Corp
Nissei Bio Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002366637A priority Critical patent/JP2004196701A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/015412 priority patent/WO2004054594A1/en
Priority to AU2003303051A priority patent/AU2003303051A1/en
Publication of JP2004196701A publication Critical patent/JP2004196701A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/60Fish, e.g. seahorses; Fish eggs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/1703Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

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  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
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  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new cell death inhibitor, and to provide a method for inhibiting the cell death. <P>SOLUTION: This cell death inhibitor is characterized by containing a fish milt extract containing nucleic acid and protamines as main ingredients. The cell death inhibitor is preferably produced from a fish selected from the group consisting of salmon, trout, herring, and cod, and can suitably be used for especially inhibiting delayed neurocyte apoptosis caused by ischemia. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、特に虚血により引き起こされる遅発性の神経細胞死に対して抑制効果のある物質に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
デオキシリボ核酸(DNA)およびリボ核酸(RNA)はあらゆる生物細胞中に存在し、生物の遺伝情報を保存している高分子化合物である。これらの核酸の構成成分であるヌクレオチドは、生物のエネルギー源であるATP、代謝調整物質であるcAMPおよびcGMP、並びに補酵素であるNADおよびFADの構成成分でもあり、生命活動において重要な役割を果たしている。にもかかわらず、核酸の栄養学的価値は最近まで殆ど注目されていなかった。しかし、近年になって、核酸またはヌクレオチドの摂取が、細胞発達、免疫機能、脳機能、脂質代謝等に影響を及ぼすことが報告されている(例えば、非特許文献1および非特許文献2参照)。
【0003】
ところで、魚類の白子は核酸とタンパク質の複合体である核タンパク質を多量に含んでおり、非常に栄養価の高い食材であることが知られている。しかしながら魚類の白子はごく一部が鮮食用として利用されているのみで、加工の困難さ、保存性等の理由により大部分は廃棄処分されており、その利用分野は限られていた。
【0004】
魚類の白子が有する高い栄養学的価値に着目した利用方法の一例として、白子の磨砕物および分画物を配合してなる乳幼児用栄養組成物が知られている。該栄養組成物は、それを摂取することによって、便性改善、窒素利用効率の改善、消化吸収能の向上、アレルギー発症の抑制、腸管成熟促進等の効果が期待できる(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0005】
一方、脳は神経突起を介して互いに結合した神経細胞より構成される。そして神経細胞同士の結合が破壊された場合、時間はかかるけれども神経突起が再生・再結合して脳機能を取り戻すことができるが、神経細胞自体が障害を受けて死んでしまうと、神経細胞は他の細胞と異なり分裂増殖しないので脳機能が回復することはない。また脳の神経細胞は虚血に対して非常に弱いことが知られている。例えば、手足等の体細胞は数時間血液が流れずとも再灌流後に最終的には元通り回復するが、脳の虚血はたった5分でも神経細胞死を引き起こし、深刻な後遺症を引き起こす場合がある。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−238072号公報(第2頁)
【非特許文献1】
Chandra, R.K. & Kumari, S. (1994) Symposum : Dietary Nucreotides : A Recently Demonstrated Requiment for Cellar Development and Immune Function. J. Nutr. 124 : 1433S-1435S
【非特許文献2】
Sato, N., Murakami, Y., Nakano, T., Sugawara, M., Kawakami, H., Idota,T. & Nakajima, I., (1995) Effects of Dietary Nucleotides on Lipid Metabolism and Learning Ability of Rats. Biosci. Biothec. Biochem 59 : 1267-1271
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように、魚類の白子抽出物が有する優れた食効は認識されているものの、その効果の詳細は未だ解明されておらず、特に細胞死の抑制効果に関して何ら検討されていなかった。白子抽出物の効果は、その主成分である核酸および核タンパク質の一種であるプロタミンに由来すると推測されるが、もし脳神経学的効果の詳細を解明することができれば、処方の対象、時期、量等を最適化でき、しかも他の薬剤との相乗効果をも期待でき、白子抽出物の有効性を格段に拡張できると考えられる。
【0008】
本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、第一に、核酸およびプロタミンを主成分とする白子抽出物の脳神経学的効果の詳細を明らかにし、より有効な用途を見出すことにある。他の目的は、本明細書の記載より把握される細胞死抑制剤並びにそれを含む食品の提供にある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、鋭意研究を行った結果、核酸およびプロタミンに富んだ魚類白子抽出物が細胞死、特に神経細胞死を顕著に抑制し得ることを見出した。
従って、本願の請求項1に係る細胞死抑制剤は、核酸およびプロタミンを主成分とする魚類白子抽出物の有効量を含有することを特徴とする。
【0010】
本願の請求項2に係る細胞死抑制剤は、請求項1の細胞死抑制剤において、前記魚類は、鮭、鱒、鰊および鱈からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする。
本発明では、核酸および核タンパク質を多量に含む魚類の白子の中でも、従来はその一部が食用に使用されるのみで、大部分は利用されることなく廃棄されていた鮭、鱒、鰊および鱈の白子より細胞死抑制剤を製造することにより、製造コストを低減することができる。
【0011】
本願の請求項3に係る細胞死抑制剤は、請求項1の細胞死抑制剤において、遅発性神経細胞死の抑制のために使用されることを特徴とし、また本願の請求項4に係る細胞死抑制剤は、請求項3の細胞死抑制剤において、虚血により引き起こされる遅発性神経細胞死の抑制のために使用されることを特徴とする。
本発明の細胞死抑制剤は、特に虚血・再灌流により引き起こされる遅発性の神経細胞死を有効に抑制することができる。
【0012】
本願の請求項5に係る食品は、請求項1ないし4に記載の細胞死抑制剤の有効量を含有することを特徴とする。
本発明では、魚類白子抽出物からなる細胞死抑制剤を食品に添加することにより、虚血等の原因で生じる神経細胞死等を抑制するに有効な食品を提供することができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の細胞抑制剤は有効量の魚類白子抽出物を含む。そして本発明の魚類白子抽出物は核酸と核タンパク質中のタンパク質であるプロタミンとを主成分として含有する。
【0014】
核酸にはデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)とリボ核酸(RNA)があり、生物の遺伝情報を保存している。そして魚類の白子は、なかでもアデニン(A)、チミン(T)、グアニン(G)およびシトシン(C)の四種のヌクレオチドを構成要素としてなるDNAを多量に含む。DNAを包含する核酸の摂取が生物の健康状態の増進に役立つという報告が近年為されているが、本発明以前には、具体的にどのような効果を生物に奏するかは不明であった。
【0015】
またプロタミンは、魚類の白子中に多く含まれる塩基性タンパク質であって、核酸と結合してヌクレオプロタミンを形成する。またアルギニン含量が高く、アルギニン由来の窒素が全窒素含量の25〜90%に相当する。
【0016】
本発明の魚類白子抽出物は、例えば、魚類の白子から皮、筋、血管等を除去した後、精製することにより製造される。また、魚類としては、好ましくは鮭、鱒、鰊および鱈を挙げることができる。さらにプロテアーゼおよびヌクレアーゼでの処理を行うことにより、水溶性化することもできる。
【0017】
本発明の細胞死抑制剤は様々な剤型とすることが可能である。定法により加工することにより、粉末、顆粒、錠剤またはカプセル剤等の剤型をとることができる。また、水溶性化されたものは溶液等とすることもできる。
【0018】
本発明の細胞抑制剤は、様々な要因により引き起こされる細胞死を有効に抑制することができる。特に、細胞に血液が流れなくなる現象である虚血により様々な部位の細胞で生じる細胞死を、本発明の細胞抑制剤は有効に抑制することができる。該部位としては、例えば心臓、指先等の末端部位、腎臓、陰茎等を挙げることができ、本発明の細胞死抑制剤は、これらの部位の細胞中の血流を増加させることで、虚血による細胞死を抑制する。なかんずく、脳卒中等における虚血・再灌流後に脳で生じる遅発性の神経細胞死、心筋梗塞等における虚血により心臓で生じる細胞死に対して、本発明の細胞死抑制剤は有効である。実際の投薬時には、1日当り位0.1〜10g、好ましくは0.2〜5gの量で細胞死抑制剤を投与することが好ましく、1日1〜3回に分けて投与されるが、年齢、体重、症状等により投与量が増減する。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下の例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例に限定されるものではない。
【0020】
実施例1:
鮭の白子より白子抽出物を以下のように精製した。
1. 鮭白子の前処理
鮭白子1000gをとり、血抜きおよび水洗を行った。水切りした後300mlの水を加え、磨砕、攪拌して懸濁液を得た。
2. 粉化処理
次ぎに、この懸濁液を濾過し白子の皮等の固形分を取り除いた後、スプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥し、粉状の物質を得た。
3. 洗浄、回収
この粉状の物質をエタノール洗浄して、エタノール可溶物と水分を除き、減圧乾燥し、粉末状物として、白子抽出物180gを得た。
かくして得られた白子抽出物は淡黄色の粉末であって、その化学的、物理的性質を以下に示す。
核酸含有量: 25〜50%
タンパク質含有量: 25〜60%
灰分含有量: 5〜15%
ニンヒドリン反応: 陽性
【0021】
実施例2:
水溶性の白子抽出物を以下のように製造した。
1. プロテアーゼ処理
実施例1の1.で得た懸濁液を50℃に昇温した後、白子の0.1%であるプロテアーゼ[ノボノルディスクバイオインダストリー株式会社製、PYN3.0S、主成分:ブタ膵臓からのトリプシン、微量のキモトリプシンを含む。]1gを添加し、攪拌しながら4時間反応させた。反応の間、反応液のpHを6.0〜6.3に保持した。反応の間には加熱を行わず、4時間経過後の反応液の温度は44.7℃に低下した。反応終了後、反応液の温度を70℃に昇温してプロテアーゼを失活させた。
2. ヌクレアーゼ処理
70℃の温度の反応液に、白子の0.1%であるヌクレアーゼ[天野製薬株式会社製、ヌクレアーゼ「アマノ」、Penicillium citrinum菌より単離。]1gを添加し、攪拌しながら4時間反応させた。反応の間、反応液のpHを5.0〜5.5に保持した。反応終了後、反応液の温度を85℃に昇温してヌクレアーゼを失活させた。
3. 酵素処理品からの回収
反応液を35℃に冷却し、pHを7.0に調節した。反応液を連続的にデカンターに送液してその上澄液を分離し、分離した上澄液をスプレードライヤーにて噴霧して乾燥し、粉末状の白子抽出物130gを得た。
【0022】
以下の実験により、白子抽出物を投与しない群(NF群)と比較して、実施例1の白子抽出物を投与した群(NP群)の神経細胞死抑制効果を評価した。この効果は、実施例1の白子抽出物に限定されるものではなく、プロテアーゼおよびヌクレアーゼの酵素処理をすることにより水溶性化された実施例2の白子抽出物についても当てはまる。
各群に与えた飼料の組成を表1に示す。
【表1】

Figure 2004196701
該実験には7週齢のC57BL/6マウスを用いた。該マウスを先ず12時間明暗サイクル、23±2℃、40±15%の相対湿度で通常の飼料を与えて飼育し、次いで各実験群に対応した上記の飼料を与えて7日間飼育し、その後に実験を行った。
対象とした神経細胞死は、脳の虚血・再灌流後に発症する海馬の遅発性神経細胞死であり、マウスの両総頚動脈を一定時間閉塞し、その後再灌流させて発生させた。
【0023】
試験例1
25分間閉塞により神経細胞死を生じさせたマウスのNF群およびNP群について、閉塞7日後までの生存率を比較した。結果を図1に図示する。
図1から明らかなように、双方の群共に虚血20分後から死亡数が増加し始め、25分間の虚血による生存率はそれぞれNF群が60%そしてNP群が77.8%であり、NF群の生存率はNP群より低かった。双方の群における生存率の差異は虚血1日後にはより顕著となり、NF群が20%、NP群が55.6%となった。
【0024】
試験例2
15分間閉塞により遅発性神経細胞死を生じさせたマウスのNF群およびNP群について、神経細胞死の抑制効果を比較した。
虚血2日後にマウスを安楽死させてその海馬の断面を、トルイジンブルー染色した試料およびTUNEL染色した試料について光学顕微鏡により観察した。トルイジンブルー染色は、大きな円形で透明の核を有する未損傷の細胞を染色するものであり、一方、TUNEL染色はアポトーシスのように損傷を受けた細胞を染色するものである。図2は、トルイジンブルー染色による光学顕微鏡写真であり、図2Aおよび図2CがNF群、また図2Bおよび図2DがNP群を示す。スケールバーは、図2Aおよび図2Bが400μm、また図2Cおよび2Dが100μmである。また図3は、TUNEL染色による光学顕微鏡写真であり、図3Aおよび図3CがNF群、また図3Bおよび図3DがNP群を示す。スケールバーは図2と同様である。
図2から明らかなように、NF群のマウスの海馬では、細胞核が収縮して異常な形状となり、核小体は明瞭に観察できなかった。それに対して、NP群では虚血2日後であっても多くの細胞が損傷を受けないままであった。図3に図示される結果は、図2のものと一致しており、NF群では多数の細胞が損傷しており、一方、NP群では僅かな細胞の損傷しか生じなかった。
次いで、未損傷のトルイジン染色された細胞の数と損傷を受けTUNEL染色された細胞の数とを双方の群について比較した。細胞数の計測は双方の半球体について二つづつである合計四つの海馬CA1領域について行い、各領域の寸法はそれぞれ260μm×180μmであった(図4参照)。
計測の結果、NF群のトルイジンブルー染色された細胞数は平均18.4個であり、またTUNEL染色された細胞数は平均29.2個であった。一方、NP群では、トルイジンブルー染色された細胞数は平均35.7個であり、またTUNEL染色された細胞数は平均9.3個であった。この結果は、実施例1の白子抽出物が有する神経細胞死抑制効果を裏付けるものである。
またNF群とNP群について、虚血の間での大脳血流の変化を観察したところ、NP群ではNF群と比較して血流量が顕著に多かった。これは、実施例1の白子抽出物が細胞中の血流を促進する効果を有することを示す。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、今までその効果が一切知られていなかった魚類白子抽出物が細胞死の抑制に有用であることを見出したことにより、魚類白子抽出物の一つの効果が明らかとなり、該効果に基づいて処方の対象、時期、量等の最適化、および他の薬剤との併用が可能となり、白子抽出物の有効性が格段に増大する。
【0026】
また、本発明の白子抽出物は、細胞の血流を促進する効果をも有することから、脳の神経細胞のみならず、心臓、指先、腎臓、陰茎等における血流の増大にも役立つ。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、試験例1に従い、25分間虚血7日後までの生存率をNF群およびNP群について図示するグラフである。
【図2】図2は、試験例2に従い、未損傷細胞をトルイジンブルー染色して示す海馬の光学顕微鏡写真であり、図2Aおよび図2CがNF群、また図2Bおよび図2DがNP群を示す。
【図3】図3は、試験例2に従い、アポトーシスの様に損傷を受けた細胞をTUNEL染色して示す海馬の光学顕微鏡写真であり、図3Aおよび図3CがNF群、また図3Bおよび図3DがNP群を示す。
【図4】図4は、試験例2において、細胞数の計測を行った領域を図示する海馬の断面模式図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a substance having an inhibitory effect on late neuronal death caused by ischemia.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are macromolecular compounds that exist in all living cells and preserve the genetic information of living organisms. Nucleotides which are components of these nucleic acids are also components of ATP which is an energy source of living organisms, cAMP and cGMP which are metabolic regulators, and NAD and FAD which are coenzymes, and play an important role in life activity. I have. Nevertheless, the nutritional value of nucleic acids has received little attention until recently. However, in recent years, it has been reported that ingestion of nucleic acids or nucleotides affects cell development, immune function, brain function, lipid metabolism, and the like (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). .
[0003]
By the way, fish milt contains a large amount of nucleoprotein, which is a complex of nucleic acid and protein, and is known to be an extremely nutritious food material. However, only a small part of the milt of fish is used for fresh food, and most of them are discarded due to difficulties in processing and preservation, and the field of use has been limited.
[0004]
As an example of a utilization method focusing on the high nutritional value of milt of fish, a nutritional composition for infants, which is obtained by mixing a ground and a fraction of milt, is known. By ingesting the nutritional composition, effects such as improvement of convenience, improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency, improvement of digestion and absorption ability, suppression of onset of allergy, and promotion of intestinal maturation can be expected (for example, see Patent Document 1). .).
[0005]
On the other hand, the brain is composed of nerve cells connected to each other via neurites. When the connection between nerve cells is broken, it takes time, but the neurites can regenerate and reconnect and recover brain function, but if the nerve cells themselves are damaged and die, the nerve cells will Unlike other cells, they do not divide and proliferate, so brain function is not restored. It is also known that nerve cells in the brain are very vulnerable to ischemia. For example, somatic cells such as limbs eventually recover after reperfusion even if blood does not flow for several hours, but cerebral ischemia can cause nerve cell death in only 5 minutes, causing serious sequelae. is there.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-238072 (page 2)
[Non-patent document 1]
Chandra, RK & Kumari, S. (1994) Symposum: Dietary Nucreotides: A Recently Demonstrated Requiment for Cellar Development and Immune Function.J. Nutr. 124: 1433S-1435S
[Non-patent document 2]
Sato, N., Murakami, Y., Nakano, T., Sugawara, M., Kawakami, H., Idota, T. & Nakajima, I., (1995) Effects of Dietary Nucleotides on Lipid Metabolism and Learning Ability of Rats . Biosci. Biothec. Biochem 59: 1267-1271
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, although the excellent phagocytic effect of the milt extract of fish has been recognized, the details of the effect have not been elucidated yet, and no particular study has been made on the effect of suppressing cell death. The effect of milt extract is presumed to be derived from nucleic acid, which is the main component, and protamine, which is a kind of nucleoprotein. Etc. can be optimized, and a synergistic effect with other drugs can be expected, and it is thought that the effectiveness of the milt extract can be significantly extended.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to firstly clarify the details of the neurological effect of a milt extract containing nucleic acid and protamine as main components, and to provide more effective uses. Is to find out. Another object is to provide a cell death inhibitor as understood from the description of the present specification and a food containing the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and have found that a fish milt extract rich in nucleic acid and protamine can significantly suppress cell death, particularly nerve cell death.
Therefore, the cell death inhibitor according to claim 1 of the present application is characterized by containing an effective amount of a fish milt extract containing nucleic acid and protamine as main components.
[0010]
The cell death inhibitor according to claim 2 of the present application is the cell death inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the fish is selected from the group consisting of salmon, trout, herring, and cod.
In the present invention, among the milt of fish containing a large amount of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins, salmon, trout, herring and salmon, which were conventionally only partially used for food, and mostly discarded without being used The production cost can be reduced by producing the cell death inhibitor from cod milt.
[0011]
The cell death inhibitor according to claim 3 of the present application is the cell death inhibitor according to claim 1, which is used for suppressing delayed neuronal cell death. The cell death inhibitor according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized by being used for suppressing delayed neuronal cell death caused by ischemia.
The cell death inhibitor of the present invention can effectively suppress, in particular, delayed neuronal death caused by ischemia / reperfusion.
[0012]
The food according to claim 5 of the present application is characterized by containing an effective amount of the cell death inhibitor according to claims 1 to 4.
In the present invention, by adding a cell death inhibitor comprising a fish milt extract to a food, it is possible to provide a food that is effective in suppressing nerve cell death and the like caused by ischemia and the like.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The cytostatic agent of the present invention comprises an effective amount of a fish milt extract. And the fish milt extract of the present invention contains nucleic acid and protamine which is a protein in a nucleoprotein as main components.
[0014]
Nucleic acids include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), and preserve genetic information of organisms. The milt of fish contains a large amount of DNA containing four types of nucleotides, adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). There have been reports in recent years that the intake of nucleic acids including DNA is useful for promoting the health of organisms, but before the present invention, it was unclear what effect would be exerted on organisms.
[0015]
Protamine is a basic protein that is often contained in milt of fish and binds to nucleic acids to form nucleoprotamine. In addition, the arginine content is high, and nitrogen derived from arginine corresponds to 25 to 90% of the total nitrogen content.
[0016]
The fish milt extract of the present invention is produced, for example, by removing skin, muscle, blood vessels, etc. from fish milt and then purifying the same. Further, as the fish, preferably, salmon, trout, herring and cod can be mentioned. Further, by treating with a protease and a nuclease, it can be made water-soluble.
[0017]
The cell death inhibitor of the present invention can be in various dosage forms. By processing according to a conventional method, a dosage form such as a powder, a granule, a tablet or a capsule can be obtained. Further, the water-solubilized product may be a solution or the like.
[0018]
The cell inhibitor of the present invention can effectively suppress cell death caused by various factors. In particular, the cell inhibitor of the present invention can effectively suppress cell death that occurs in cells at various sites due to ischemia, a phenomenon in which blood does not flow to cells. Examples of the site include terminal sites such as a heart and a fingertip, a kidney, a penis, and the like. The cell death inhibitor of the present invention increases ischemia by increasing blood flow in cells at these sites. Inhibit cell death due to Above all, the cell death inhibitor of the present invention is effective against delayed neuronal cell death occurring in the brain after ischemia / reperfusion in stroke or the like and cell death occurring in the heart due to ischemia in myocardial infarction or the like. At the time of actual administration, it is preferable to administer the cell death inhibitor in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 g, preferably 0.2 to 5 g per day, and it is preferably administered once to three times a day. The dose may be increased or decreased depending on body weight, symptoms, etc.
[0019]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0020]
Example 1
A milt extract was purified from salmon milt as follows.
1. Pretreatment of salmon milt 1000 g of salmon milt was taken, and blood was removed and washed with water. After draining, 300 ml of water was added, and the mixture was ground and stirred to obtain a suspension.
2. Next, the suspension was filtered to remove solids such as milt, and then spray-dried with a spray drier to obtain a powdery substance.
3. Washing and recovery This powdery substance was washed with ethanol to remove ethanol-soluble matter and water, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 180 g of a milt extract as a powdery substance.
The milt extract thus obtained is a pale yellow powder, and its chemical and physical properties are shown below.
Nucleic acid content: 25-50%
Protein content: 25-60%
Ash content: 5-15%
Ninhydrin reaction: positive [0021]
Example 2:
A water-soluble milt extract was prepared as follows.
1. 1. Protease treatment After the suspension obtained in the above was heated to 50 ° C., protease [PYN3.0S, manufactured by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry Co., Ltd., 0.1% of milt, main components: trypsin from porcine pancreas, trace chymotrypsin including. 1 g, and reacted for 4 hours with stirring. During the reaction, the pH of the reaction solution was maintained at 6.0 to 6.3. No heating was performed during the reaction, and the temperature of the reaction solution after 4 hours had dropped to 44.7 ° C. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 70 ° C. to inactivate the protease.
2. Nuclease treatment A nuclease containing 0.1% of milt [numanase "Amano" manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., isolated from Penicillium citrinum] was added to a reaction solution at a temperature of 70 ° C. 1 g, and reacted for 4 hours with stirring. During the reaction, the pH of the reaction solution was maintained at 5.0 to 5.5. After the completion of the reaction, the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 85 ° C. to inactivate the nuclease.
3. The reaction mixture recovered from the enzyme-treated product was cooled to 35 ° C., and the pH was adjusted to 7.0. The reaction solution was continuously sent to a decanter to separate the supernatant, and the separated supernatant was sprayed and dried with a spray dryer to obtain 130 g of powdery milt extract.
[0022]
In the following experiment, the nerve cell death inhibitory effect of the group to which the milt extract of Example 1 was administered (NP group) was evaluated in comparison with the group to which the milt extract was not administered (NF group). This effect is not limited to the milt extract of Example 1, but also applies to the milt extract of Example 2 which has been made water-soluble by enzymatic treatment with protease and nuclease.
Table 1 shows the composition of the feed given to each group.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004196701
Seven weeks old C57BL / 6 mice were used for the experiment. The mice were first fed a normal diet at 23 ± 2 ° C., 40 ± 15% relative humidity, 12 hours light / dark cycle, then fed the above diet corresponding to each experimental group, and then raised for 7 days. The experiment was performed.
The target neuronal cell death was delayed neuronal cell death of the hippocampus that developed after cerebral ischemia / reperfusion. Both of the common carotid arteries of mice were occluded for a certain period of time and then reperfused.
[0023]
Test example 1
The survival rates up to 7 days after the occlusion were compared between the NF group and the NP group of mice in which neuronal death was caused by occlusion for 25 minutes. The results are illustrated in FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 1, the number of deaths began to increase after 20 minutes of ischemia in both groups, and the survival rates due to ischemia for 25 minutes were 60% in the NF group and 77.8% in the NP group, respectively. , The survival rate of the NF group was lower than that of the NP group. The difference in survival rates between the two groups was more pronounced one day after ischemia, with the NF group at 20% and the NP group at 55.6%.
[0024]
Test example 2
The inhibitory effects on neuronal cell death were compared between the NF group and the NP group of mice in which delayed neuronal death was caused by 15-minute occlusion.
Two days after ischemia, the mice were euthanized and their hippocampal sections were observed with a light microscope for toluidine blue-stained and TUNEL-stained samples. Toluidine blue staining stains undamaged cells with large round, clear nuclei, while TUNEL staining stains damaged cells such as apoptosis. FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph by toluidine blue staining. FIGS. 2A and 2C show the NF group, and FIGS. 2B and 2D show the NP group. The scale bar is 400 μm in FIGS. 2A and 2B and 100 μm in FIGS. 2C and 2D. FIG. 3 is an optical micrograph by TUNEL staining. FIGS. 3A and 3C show the NF group, and FIGS. 3B and 3D show the NP group. The scale bar is the same as in FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 2, in the hippocampus of the mice in the NF group, the cell nucleus contracted to an abnormal shape, and nucleoli could not be clearly observed. In contrast, many cells in the NP group remained undamaged even after 2 days of ischemia. The results illustrated in FIG. 3 are consistent with those of FIG. 2, where a large number of cells were damaged in the NF group, while only a small number of cells were damaged in the NP group.
The number of undamaged toluidine-stained cells and the number of damaged and TUNEL-stained cells were then compared for both groups. The cell count was performed for a total of four hippocampal CA1 regions, two for each hemisphere, and the dimensions of each region were 260 μm × 180 μm (see FIG. 4).
As a result of the measurement, the number of cells stained with toluidine blue in the NF group was 18.4 on average, and the number of cells stained with TUNEL was 29.2 on average. On the other hand, in the NP group, the number of cells stained with toluidine blue was 35.7 on average, and the number of cells stained with TUNEL was 9.3 on average. This result supports the neuronal cell death inhibitory effect of the milt extract of Example 1.
In addition, when changes in cerebral blood flow during ischemia were observed in the NF group and the NP group, the blood flow was significantly higher in the NP group than in the NF group. This indicates that the milt extract of Example 1 has an effect of promoting blood flow in cells.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, one of the effects of fish milt extract has been clarified by finding that a milt extract of fish, whose effect was not known at all, is useful for suppressing cell death. Based on this, it is possible to optimize the target, timing, amount, etc. of the prescription, and to use it in combination with other drugs, thereby significantly increasing the effectiveness of the milt extract.
[0026]
In addition, the milt extract of the present invention also has an effect of promoting the blood flow of cells, and thus is useful for increasing blood flow not only in brain nerve cells but also in the heart, fingertips, kidneys, penis and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the survival rate up to 7 days after ischemia for 25 minutes in the NF group and the NP group according to Test Example 1.
FIG. 2 is a light micrograph of the hippocampus showing intact cells stained with toluidine blue according to Test Example 2. FIGS. 2A and 2C show the NF group, and FIGS. 2B and 2D show the NP group. Show.
FIG. 3 is a light micrograph of the hippocampus showing cells damaged by apoptosis by TUNEL staining according to Test Example 2, and FIG. 3A and FIG. 3C are NF groups, and FIG. 3B and FIG. 3D indicates the NP group.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hippocampus illustrating a region in which the number of cells was measured in Test Example 2.

Claims (5)

核酸およびプロタミンを主成分とする魚類白子抽出物の有効量を含有することを特徴とする細胞死抑制剤。A cell death inhibitor comprising an effective amount of a fish milt extract containing nucleic acid and protamine as main components. 前記魚類は、鮭、鱒、鰊および鱈からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の細胞死抑制剤。The cell death inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the fish is selected from the group consisting of salmon, trout, herring, and cod. 遅発性神経細胞死の抑制のために使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の細胞死抑制剤。The cell death inhibitor according to claim 1, which is used for suppressing delayed neuronal cell death. 虚血により引き起こされる遅発性神経細胞死の抑制のために使用されることを特徴とする、請求項3記載の細胞死抑制剤。The cell death inhibitor according to claim 3, which is used for suppressing delayed neuronal death caused by ischemia. 請求項1ないし4に記載の細胞死抑制剤の有効量を含有することを特徴とする食品。A food comprising an effective amount of the cell death inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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