JP2004196599A - Ceramics having water holding property and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Ceramics having water holding property and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004196599A
JP2004196599A JP2002367555A JP2002367555A JP2004196599A JP 2004196599 A JP2004196599 A JP 2004196599A JP 2002367555 A JP2002367555 A JP 2002367555A JP 2002367555 A JP2002367555 A JP 2002367555A JP 2004196599 A JP2004196599 A JP 2004196599A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
weight
aluminum
water
slag
ceramics
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JP2002367555A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideo Igami
英雄 居上
Minoru Igami
穣 居上
Ryoji Shibuya
良二 渋谷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho Kk
Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho KK
Original Assignee
Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho Kk
Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho KK
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Priority to JP2002367555A priority Critical patent/JP2004196599A/en
Publication of JP2004196599A publication Critical patent/JP2004196599A/en
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  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for manufacturing paving ceramics having a high water holding property at a low cost close to the cost of a concrete product, wherein the ceramics are porous and lightweight because gaseous hydrogen generated using aluminum components of city refuse slag not available for civil engineering materials at risk of gas generation due to contained metal aluminum is incorporated into the structure. <P>SOLUTION: Gaseous hydrogen generated by reaction of a cement alkali with aluminum is captured in cement gel produced by hydration of cement, and the resulting porous body is molded and fired to manufacture a lightweight ceramic product having a high water holding property. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヒ−トアイランド抑制効果を有する保水性セラミックス舗道版を都市ゴミスラグ等の中で、従来技術ないし現状では再利用が不可能とされている金属アルミニュウムを含むスラグを有効利用する新規かつ進歩性大なる画期的技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、都市ゴミスラグなどSiO2 −Al23−CaO系等の原料に粘土質を加えて成形し、煉瓦等のブロック状に成形し焼成して造ることは、今までの窯業常識の中で容易に可能なもので、数多くの特許も出願されている。
更に本発明者による特許1726237号は、これらの適切な品質の原料を水硬性セメントによって成形し焼成して造る技術は既に実用的に使用されている技術となっている。このほか本発明者による特開平8−319179、特開平6−128016も多孔質で保水性を有するセラミックの製造技術として公開されたものである。
更にまた、本発明の発想の元となった特開平8−34661は金属アルミニュウムを含むスラグを使用する為に、焼成前の原料処理工程においてアルミニュウムの酸化による膨張を防止する為に縮合リンサン塩を用いて処理する方法であり本発明はこれらの欠点を反対に有効利用する逆転の発想によるものである。
また、本発明者は特平11−92211として、アルミ残灰であるアルミドロスと苛性アルカリ、或いは石灰によって発泡する技術を提案しているが、本発明はこれらの反応を1要素として取り入れ目的とする保水性を有し、高強度であり軽量の舗装材料製品を造るものである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の主原料とするスラグは表面溶融形式による炉から排出される都市ゴミスラグである。表面溶融炉は、一般の溶融よりも溶融温度は約200℃低く、元の原料に含まれるアルミ缶などのアルミニュウムは炉内で酸化されてAl23としてスラグ成分になることなく凝集して小粒状となって、金属アルミニュウムのまま排出されることを発見した。これらスラグのガラス質部分の成分は溶融時の粘性を調整する為に成分補正されていて、バラツキの少ない比較的安定なものであるが金属アルミニュウムの含有率は5〜20%と非常に大きく変化している。そこで、本発明の解決しようとする課題の第1は、スラグに含まれるアルミニュウムの含有率を2〜5%の範囲に安定化させる方法と手段である。
次に第2の課題は、アルミニュウムの酸化反応で発生する「水素ガス」を焼成前の成形体に適度に効率よく捕捉して均一に分散した気泡組織を造り上げる事である。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
(第1の課題の解決手段)
硬いガラス質と靭性の金属アルミニュウムの粒状体は粉砕機に同時に投入されても被粉砕性が著しく異なる硬いスラグは容易に微粉化するが、金属アルミニュウムは殆どそのまま排出される為、粉砕後篩によって分別出来るものであったがハンマ−ミルのような衝撃式のものでは、使用目的のスラグ粉末に残存するアルミニュウムは約1%程度の少ないものであり本発明の目的には適さないことを発見した。対象として振動ミル、フレットミル、ボ−ルミルなどの摩擦粉砕方法を取るとアルミニュウムは微粉末となって、条件を調整すれば2〜5%のアルミニュウム含有粉末を得る事が出来た。
【0005】
(第2の課題の解決手段)
アルミニュウム粉末にpH12.0程度のアルカリや石灰の溶液を加えると高い発熱反応をともなって急速に多量の水素を発生するが、本発明の請求項1,2に示すように、水硬性セメントをバインダ−とするものは、セメントがある程度の水和反応が進んでガスを補足出来る状態でないと逸散して残らなくなる。
本発明の作用機構は、セメントに水を加えると3CaO、Al23からの石灰及びアルミナの溶出が起こり、セッコウと反応してエトリンガイト(3CaO・Al23・3CaSO4 ・32H2 O)組成のセメントゲルが生成されるがこれが水素ガスを捕捉する役割をする。続いて溶出される石灰は、金属アルミニュウムと反応して徐々に水素を発生させ、この際の高い発熱反応によってセメント水和化合物の生成を促進し、急速に硬化反応が進行するというものである。
スラグ中に含まれるアルミニュウムは1%未満では不充分であり5%を超えると、ガス量が多過ぎて捕捉している組織を崩壊させてガスは逸散することを確認した。ガラス質スラグの化学組成は、高温度(1,400〜1,500℃)の溶融システムのスラグと異なりAl23やCaOが少なく、Na2 OやK2 O分が多く中低温度(1,300℃以下)で溶融する成分範囲であり、再加熱すると850〜900℃でCaO・Al23・2SiO2 とαCaO・SiO2 の結晶が拆出するものであり、これらのスラグは50〜80%という高い組織比率で使用しても低温度で焼結し易いものである。
成形バインダ−であり、かつアルミニュウムの酸化反応をセメントゲルの生成の中で発生させて多孔質とする為にセメント量10〜20重量%に対してアルミニュウムの含有率は1〜5重量%の範囲が好適である。発泡調整剤、或いは焼結調整材はセメントゲルによるガスの捕捉をより多くする必要があればベントナイトを2〜3重量%添加する。焼結調整材には、より低温度で焼結させる為にガラスカレット及び製品に着色させる為の酸化鉄を含む電炉ダストなどを使用する。焼成は1,000〜1,150℃の温度範囲で充分な強度が得られるが、本技術の経済性の面での特徴は通常のこの種製品の約1/2の短時間で焼成出来ることである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
溶融炉から水砕として取り出されるスラグは摩砕方式のフレットミル、或いは振動ミルにより1.0mm以下の程度に粉砕される過程で粒状のアルミニュウムを篩により分別し、アルミニュウムの微粉が2〜5重量%の範囲になる様に調整して主原料であるスラグとアルミニュウムの混合された粉体となる。
スラグとセメント、又調整材料を所定比率で混合し水分7〜10%を加えて小粒状のはい土とした後少なくとも2時間以上の反応過程を経て、はい土粒内に気泡を生成させた後、所望の金型にて1平方cm当り10〜20kgの加圧力と振動を加えながら成形して生地を成形し、温度90〜100℃、湿度80%以上の養生硬化、及び乾燥工程を8時間以上かけた後ロ−ラ−ハ−スキルンに挿入して1,000〜1,150℃の温度の範囲で1分間当り15〜18℃の昇温速度で焼成する。
【0007】
(実施例)
スラグ :SiO2 48.5%、Al23 17.3%、CaO18.2%、Na2 O+K2 O7.87%、FeO、MgO、ZnOなど5.5%と金属アルミニュウム2.7%から成り、粒度1.0mm
以下のものを使用した。

Figure 2004196599
はい土の混合造粒;水分8.5%を加えてリボンミキサ−で10分間混合造粒して1〜5mmの小粒状のはい土とした。
養生、発泡処理 ;はい土をホッパ−内中にて約3時間養生すると発熱し、多孔質となって容積を膨張した粒状はい土となった。
成形、乾燥 :コンクリ−ト二次製品成形用の振動プレスにより10kg/cm2 の加圧力を用いて、300x300x50mmサイズの生地を成形し、90〜100℃の炉内に入れて8時間処理をした。
焼成:ロ−ラ−ハ−スキルンを用いて1,030℃昇温速度16℃/分のスピ−ドで焼成。
製品の物性:寸法精度5枚平均値±1%
曲げ強度5枚平均値83.2kg/cm2
吸水率5枚平均値15.5%
かさ比重5枚平均値1.52
以上のように、同目的のコンクリ−ト、ブロックより約30%軽量であり強度約2倍の目的製品を得た。
【0008】
【発明の効果】
今後更に大量に生成される都市ゴミスラグの中で、アルミニュウムを含むために路盤材としても再利用出来ない表面溶融炉のスラグを、特徴ある資源として保水性を有し、地球温暖化防止に効果のある舗道用セラミックス材として低コストで供給する。特に従来のこの種製品と比べてより軽量であり、かつ焼成時間が約1/2に短縮されるという、画期的に大きい省エネルギ−効果をもつ経済性の高い進歩性大なる新技術を提供するものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel and highly efficient use of a water-retaining ceramic pavement slab having a heat island suppressing effect in municipal garbage slag or the like, using a slag containing metallic aluminum which cannot be reused in the prior art or at present. It relates to a breakthrough technology with great inventive step.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, it is one of the common knowledge in the ceramics industry that a clay is added to a raw material such as municipal garbage slag such as SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO to form a clay, and then formed into a block shape such as a brick and fired. It is easily possible and numerous patents have been filed.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent No. 1726237 by the present inventor has already realized that the technique of molding and firing these raw materials of appropriate quality with hydraulic cement and sintering has already been practically used. In addition, JP-A-8-319179 and JP-A-6-128016 by the present inventor have also been disclosed as techniques for producing a porous and water-retaining ceramic.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-34661, which is the basis of the idea of the present invention, uses a condensed phosphorus sansalt to prevent expansion due to oxidation of aluminum in a raw material processing step before firing because slag containing metal aluminum is used. The present invention is based on the idea of reversal which makes effective use of these drawbacks.
The present inventor has proposed, as Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-92211, a technique of foaming with aluminum dross, which is aluminum residual ash, and caustic alkali or lime. However, the present invention incorporates these reactions as one element and The purpose of the present invention is to produce a high-strength and lightweight pavement material product having high water retention.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The slag used as the main raw material in the present invention is municipal garbage slag discharged from a furnace of a surface melting type. In the surface melting furnace, the melting temperature is about 200 ° C lower than general melting, and aluminum such as aluminum can contained in the original raw material is oxidized in the furnace and aggregates as Al 2 O 3 without becoming a slag component. It was discovered that it became small particles and was discharged as metallic aluminum. The components of the vitreous portion of these slags are component-corrected in order to adjust the viscosity at the time of melting, and are relatively stable with little variation, but the content of metallic aluminum changes very greatly, from 5 to 20%. are doing. Therefore, a first problem to be solved by the present invention is a method and means for stabilizing the content of aluminum contained in slag within a range of 2 to 5%.
Next, the second problem is to create a uniformly dispersed cell structure by capturing “hydrogen gas” generated by the oxidation reaction of aluminum in a compact before firing appropriately and efficiently.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
(Means for solving the first problem)
Hard vitreous and tough metallic aluminum granules are simultaneously pulverized into a crusher, but hard slag with remarkably different grindability is easily pulverized, but metal aluminum is discharged almost as it is. Although it was possible to separate them, it was discovered that in the impact type such as a hammer mill, the aluminum remaining in the slag powder intended for use was as small as about 1%, which was not suitable for the purpose of the present invention. . When a friction grinding method such as a vibration mill, a fret mill, and a ball mill was used as the object, aluminum was turned into a fine powder, and a 2-5% aluminum-containing powder could be obtained by adjusting the conditions.
[0005]
(Means for solving the second problem)
When a solution of alkali or lime having a pH of about 12.0 is added to aluminum powder, a large amount of hydrogen is rapidly generated with a high exothermic reaction. If the cement is not in a state where the cement has undergone a certain degree of hydration reaction and can capture gas, the cement will escape and remain.
The mechanism of action of the present invention, the addition of water to the cement 3CaO, occur elution of lime and alumina from Al 2 O 3, ettringite reacts with gypsum (3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 3CaSO 4 · 32H 2 O) A cement gel of the composition is produced, which serves to trap hydrogen gas. Subsequently, the lime that is eluted reacts with the metal aluminum to gradually generate hydrogen, and at this time, a high exothermic reaction promotes the formation of a cement hydrate compound, and the hardening reaction proceeds rapidly.
When the amount of aluminum contained in the slag is less than 1%, it is insufficient, and when it exceeds 5%, it is confirmed that the amount of gas is too large, the captured tissue is disintegrated, and the gas escapes. The chemical composition of the vitreous slag is different from that of the slag of the high temperature (1,400-1,500 ° C.) melting system in that the content of Al 2 O 3 and CaO is small, the content of Na 2 O and K 2 O is large, and the medium and low temperature ( a component range which melts at 1,300 ° C. or less), reheated to the 850 to 900 ° C. in the CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2 and αCaO · SiO 2 crystal is intended to拆出, these slag Even when used at a high structure ratio of 50 to 80%, it is easily sintered at a low temperature.
The content of aluminum is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight with respect to the cement amount of 10 to 20% by weight in order to be a molding binder and to make the aluminum oxidation reaction during the formation of the cement gel to make it porous. Is preferred. If it is necessary to increase the gas trapping by the cement gel, the foaming regulator or the sintering regulator is added with 2 to 3% by weight of bentonite. As a sintering adjusting material, an electric furnace dust containing iron oxide for coloring a glass cullet and a product for sintering at a lower temperature is used. Sufficient strength can be obtained in the temperature range of 1,000 to 1,150 ° C, but the economical feature of this technology is that it can be fired in about half the time of ordinary products of this kind. It is.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The slag taken out from the melting furnace as water granules is separated into granular aluminum by a sieve in the process of being crushed to about 1.0 mm or less by a fret mill or a vibrating mill of a grinding method, and fine aluminum powder is 2 to 5% by weight. % To obtain a mixed powder of slag and aluminum as main raw materials.
After mixing slag, cement, and conditioning materials at a predetermined ratio and adding 7 to 10% of water to make small-grained earth, after undergoing a reaction process for at least 2 hours or more, bubbles are generated in the earth particles. The dough is formed by applying a pressure and vibration of 10 to 20 kg per 1 cm 2 in a desired mold to form a dough, and curing and curing at a temperature of 90 to 100 ° C. and a humidity of 80% or more, and a drying process for 8 hours. After the above application, it is inserted into a roller hearth kiln and baked at a temperature of 1,000 to 1,150 ° C at a rate of 15 to 18 ° C per minute.
[0007]
(Example)
Slag: 48.5% of SiO 2 , 17.3% of Al 2 O 3 , 18.2% of CaO, 7.87% of Na 2 O + K 2 O, 5.5% of FeO, MgO, ZnO, etc. and 2.7% of metal aluminum Made, grain size 1.0mm
The following were used:
Figure 2004196599
Mixed granulation of Yes soil; 8.5% of water was added and mixed and granulated for 10 minutes with a ribbon mixer to obtain small granular earth of 1 to 5 mm.
Curing, foaming treatment: When the soil was cured in a hopper for about 3 hours, it generated heat and became porous and expanded granular soil.
Forming and drying: Using a vibrating press for forming a concrete secondary product, a dough having a size of 300 × 300 × 50 mm was formed using a pressing force of 10 kg / cm 2 and placed in a furnace at 90-100 ° C. for 8 hours. .
Baking: Baking at a speed of 1,030 ° C and a heating rate of 16 ° C / min using a roller hearth kiln.
Physical properties of the product: Dimensional accuracy 5 sheets Average ± 1%
Flexural strength 5 sheet average value 83.2 kg / cm 2
Average value of water absorption 5 sheets 15.5%
Bulk specific gravity average of 1.52
As described above, a target product that is about 30% lighter than the concrete and block for the same purpose and about twice as strong was obtained.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
Among the municipal waste slag generated in large quantities in the future, slag from a surface melting furnace that cannot be reused as roadbed material because it contains aluminum has water retention as a distinctive resource, and is effective in preventing global warming. Supplied at low cost as a pavement ceramic material. In particular, a new technology that is much lighter than conventional products of this type and has a epoch-making and energy-saving effect that is highly economical and greatly reduces the firing time by about half. To provide.

Claims (2)

金属アルミニュウムを含んで溶融し、溶解され水冷されて、ガラス質となったSiO245〜50重量%,Al2315〜20重量%,CaO15〜20重量%,かつNa2O、K2O、MgO、Fe23の合計が5〜10重量%の組成から成る原料スラグを粉砕、整粒の工程において金属アルミニウムの含有率を1〜5重量%の範囲にし、更に整粒したものを50〜80重量%に、水硬性セメント類10〜20重量%と、発泡調整剤及び焼結調整材0〜40重量を加えてなる組成物に、水を加えて混合し小粒状としたものを、更にまた、少なくとも2時間以上の養生工程において、該粒子内に気泡を生成させたものを所望の金型に充填して加圧成形し、該成形体を養生硬化及び乾燥させ、1000〜1150℃の温度範囲で焼成されており、該焼成体重量比10〜20%の吸水性を有することを特徴とする保水性を有するセラミックス。Melted contains metallic aluminum, is dissolved a water-cooled, SiO 2 45 to 50% by weight it became glassy, Al 2 O 3 15 to 20 wt%, CaO15~20 wt%, and Na 2 O, K 2 O which, MgO, total milling a raw slag having the composition 5-10 weight% Fe 2 O 3, the content of metallic aluminum in the sizing process in the range of 1 to 5 wt%, and further sieved A composition obtained by adding 50 to 80% by weight, hydraulic cements 10 to 20% by weight, a foaming modifier and a sintering modifier 0 to 40% by weight, and adding water to form a small granule. Further, in a curing step of at least 2 hours or more, the one in which bubbles are generated in the particles is filled in a desired mold and pressed, and the molded body is cured and dried, Fired in a temperature range of 1150 ° C Ri, ceramics having a water retention property which is characterized by having a said heat-weight ratio 10-20% of the water-absorbing. 金属アルミニュウムを含んで溶融し、溶解され水冷されて、ガラス質となったSiO245〜50重量%,Al2315〜20重量%,CaO15〜20重量%,かつNa2O、K2O、MgO、Fe23の合計が5〜10重量%の組成から成る原料スラグを摩砕し、アルミニュウムを1mm篩により分別し、アルミニュウムの微粉が、全体重量の2〜5%になるように調整し、次いで、該アルミニュウムとスラグの粉粒混合物を作成し、かつ金属アルミニュウムの含有率を1〜5重量%の範囲に調節し、その整粒物を50〜80重量%と、水硬性セメント類を10〜20重量%と、発泡調整剤及び焼結調整材を0〜40重量%とから成る組成物に、水を加えて小粒状に整粒混合したものを少なくとも2時間以上の養生工程において粒子内に気泡を生成させ、次いで所望の金型に充填して加圧成形し、更に養生硬化及び乾燥させた後、1000〜1150℃の温度範囲で焼成することを特徴とする保水性を有するセラミックスの製造方法。Melted contains metallic aluminum, is dissolved a water-cooled, SiO 2 45 to 50% by weight it became glassy, Al 2 O 3 15 to 20 wt%, CaO15~20 wt%, and Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, total Fe 2 O 3 is triturated raw slag having the composition of 5-10 wt%, and fractionated by 1mm sieve of aluminum, so that the fine powder of aluminum may be 2-5% of the total weight Then, a powder mixture of the aluminum and the slag is prepared, and the content of the metal aluminum is adjusted in the range of 1 to 5% by weight. A composition comprising 10 to 20% by weight of cements and 0 to 40% by weight of a foaming modifier and a sintering modifier is added to water, sized and mixed into small particles, and cured for at least 2 hours. Particles in the process To form a bubble, and then filled in a desired mold, press molded, cured and dried, and then fired in a temperature range of 1000 to 1150 ° C. Production method.
JP2002367555A 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 Ceramics having water holding property and method for manufacturing the same Pending JP2004196599A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008517868A (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-05-29 エレメント シックス (プロダクション)(プロプライエタリィ) リミテッド Cubic boron nitride compact

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008517868A (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-05-29 エレメント シックス (プロダクション)(プロプライエタリィ) リミテッド Cubic boron nitride compact

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