JP2004190572A - Combustion chamber of engine - Google Patents

Combustion chamber of engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004190572A
JP2004190572A JP2002359299A JP2002359299A JP2004190572A JP 2004190572 A JP2004190572 A JP 2004190572A JP 2002359299 A JP2002359299 A JP 2002359299A JP 2002359299 A JP2002359299 A JP 2002359299A JP 2004190572 A JP2004190572 A JP 2004190572A
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recess
side wall
degrees
combustion chamber
radius
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JP4002823B2 (en
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Ikuya Inoue
郁也 井上
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion chamber of an engine for reducing particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides by enhancing combustion efficiency by effectively utilizing the combustion chamber of a stepped shape. <P>SOLUTION: In a constitution for arranging a cavity 2 on a piston top surface 1a of a direct injection diesel engine, the cavity 2 is arranged by forming recessed parts 21 and 22 in two stages in the vertical direction. The recessed part of the second stage is expansively opened outside in the radial direction on the recessed part 22 of the first stage from below; a side wall 21a of the recessed part 21 of the second stage from below is formed as an inclined face opening outside from the vertical direction; an upward swelling projection part 6 is formed in the center of the cavity 2; an inclination lowering to the central side is formed on the piston top surface; and a valve recess 3 is arranged on the piston top surface 1a. A fuel injection nozzle 7 is arranged above the piston center. Fuel is respectively injected into a valve recess wall surface 3a on the swirl starting end side and the recessed parts 21 and 22 of the first stage and the second stage from below. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、直噴式ディーゼルエンジンのピストン頂面にキャビティを設けて構成した燃焼室に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来から、直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室において、ピストン頂面にキャビティを設けて燃焼室を構成し、該燃焼室内部に噴射ノズルの噴出部が臨むように配置し、スワール及びスキッシュ等の空気流動を積極的に利用して、噴射ノズルから噴射した噴霧を燃焼室の壁面に衝突させて拡散し、燃料を空気と混合させて燃焼するように構成していた。
このような燃焼室にあっては、広範囲に燃料を拡散して空気の利用効率を高め、燃費の向上やスモークの低減を図るために、燃料噴射ノズルに複数の噴口を設けて噴霧の数を増やし、キャビティの側壁へ向けて放射状に、かつ、上下方向で千鳥状に噴射を行ったり、キャビティの側壁を段付き形状に形成したりしている。例えば、特許文献１に示す技術では、キャビティの形状は、キャビティの開口部が絞られて下側に向かうにつれてシリンダ半径方向外側へと拡径された形状のリエントラント型とされており、該開口部付近の内面に複数の円弧状部が設けられて段付き形状の燃焼室が構成されている。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平９−３２５６０号公報
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、特許文献１に示す技術のように、キャビティの開口部の面積が狭い場合、熱負荷が増大して耐久性に問題が生じていた。そこで、耐久性が重要となる場合には、キャビティの開口部の面積を大きくすることにより、熱負荷の低減が図られている。そして、開口部の面積を大きくする手段として、例えば、ピストン頂面にキャビティとともにバルブリセスが設けられている。
しかし、現状においては、バルブリセスを燃焼室として利用し、十分な燃焼を行うことや、段付き形状の燃焼室を有効に活用することができておらず、最適な燃焼室の形状が依然として特定されていない。そのため、燃焼室の形状を特定するために実験が繰り返されて、開発期間が長期化する傾向がある。
そこで、本発明は、段付き形状の燃焼室を有効に活用して燃焼効率を高め、粒子状物質、一酸化炭素、炭化水素、窒素酸化物を低減することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の解決しようとする課題は以上の如くであり、次にこの課題を解決するための手段を説明する。
【０００６】
即ち、請求項１においては、直噴式ディーゼルエンジンのピストン頂面にキャビティを設ける構成において、前記キャビティを少なくとも上下方向二段階に凹部を形成して設け、下から一段目の凹部上に二段目の凹部を径方向外側へ拡開し、下から二段目の凹部の側壁を垂直方向から外側へ開く傾斜面とし、キャビティ中央に上方へ膨出する突部を形成し、ピストン外周の頂面に中心側へ下がる傾斜を形成し、該ピストン頂面にバルブリセスを設け、ピストン中心上方に燃料噴射ノズルを配置し、該燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側の前記バルブリセス側壁と、前記下から一段目と二段目の凹部とにそれぞれ燃料を噴射するように構成したものである。
【０００７】
請求項２においては、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、前記下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、該下から二段目の凹部の底面に窪みを形成し、前記燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側のバルブリセス側壁へ燃料を噴射する範囲を、隣接するバルブリセス中心間角度θＢｖの１／４に構成し、前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したものである。
【０００８】
請求項３においては、前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたものである。
【０００９】
請求項４においては、前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁に径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、該拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、該下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたものである。
【００１０】
請求項５においては、前記バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、該バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、該窪み上部に垂直面を形成し、該窪みの曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、下から一段目の凹部底面とキャビティ中央の凸部面との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０以上とし、該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部の底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたものである。
【００１１】
請求項６においては、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したものである。
【００１２】
請求項７においては、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、該バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、該バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角角度を１度〜３度とし、該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から一段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状とし、前前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したものである。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図１は本発明に係る燃焼室の側面断面図、図２は図１における要部拡大断面図、図３は燃焼室の平面図である。
【００１４】
本発明の直噴式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室について図１乃至図３により説明する。
直噴式ディーゼルエンジンにおいて、シリンダ１０に摺動自在に嵌合するピストン１の頂面に、キャビティ２及びバルブリセス３が設けられており、該キャビティ２がピストン頂面１ａの中央部に、バルブリセス３が外周部に配置され、ピストン１の平面視中心上方に配置された燃料噴射ノズル７より燃料をキャビティ２へ噴射するように構成されている。該キャビティ２が上下方向周囲から中央に二段階に深く凹部２１・２２を形成して設けられるとともに、バルブリセス３と連続的に形成されて、ピストン頂面１ａに向かうにつれて径が広く、かつ、浅くなる段付き形状の燃焼室５が形成されている。
【００１５】
該燃焼室５においては、スワール２０が吸気工程で吸気ポート２８からシリンダ１０内に導入された吸気により形成されるとともに、スキッシュがピストン頂面によりキャビティ２内に形成され、該スワール２０とスキッシュを利用して燃焼室５内で空気と燃料との混合が行われる。
【００１６】
また、前記キャビティ２の底面中央には上方へ膨出する突部６が形成されており、該突部６の上方において、図示せぬシリンダヘッドから前記噴射ノズル７が燃焼室５内に突出されている。該噴射ノズル７の下端部には、複数の噴口がノズル軸心を中心にして略等間隔に配設され、それぞれの噴口が上下に千鳥状に配置されて、燃焼室５の壁面に向けて放射状に噴射を行うように構成されている。本実施例では、図３における平面視において９０度の範囲で、三つに噴射され、合計噴射ノズル７から１２個噴射される。１／４の範囲で説明すると、第一噴霧４１は平面視でバルブリセス３の側壁３ａのスワール前側に噴射され、側面視で下から二段目の凹部２１の上部からバルブリセス３に向かって噴射される。第二噴霧４２は平面視でバルブリセス３中心より若干スワール後側で、側面視で凹部２１の側壁面に向かって噴射される。第三噴霧４３は平面視で第二噴霧４２の下方側で、側面視で下側の第一段の凹部２２の側壁面に向かって噴射される。
【００１７】
図２に示すように、前記燃焼室５は、噴射ノズル７を中心として広がる第一燃焼室５ａと第二燃焼室５ｂで構成される。第一燃焼室５ａは図２の断面視において、噴射ノズル７の噴射中心Ｏ１と、下部（下から一段目）の凹部２２と下から二段目の凹部２１の境界部分を結ぶ線から上方のキャビティ２内の空間としている。つまり、バルブリセス３の空間と下から二段目の凹部２２と噴射ノズル７の中心Ｏ１とピストン頂面の間の空間を加えた空間を第一燃焼室５ａとしている。該第一燃焼室５ａの下方の空間を第二燃焼室５ｂとしている。つまり、図２の断面視において、噴射ノズル７の噴射中心Ｏ１と、下部（下から一段目）の凹部２２と下から二段目の凹部２１の境界部分を結ぶ線から下方のキャビティ２内の空間を第二燃焼室５ｂとしている。
【００１８】
前記第一燃焼室５ａにおいて、前記バルブリセス３は吸気バルブ用のバルブリセスと排気バルブ用のバルブリセスを有し、ピストン頂面１ａの外周部に設けられ、本実施例では左右対称に９０度毎に、それぞれ吸気及び排気用に二つずつ配置されている。該バルブリセス３の側壁３ａは、図３に示すように、平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状に形成されて、噴射ノズル７から噴射される燃料をバルブリセス側壁３ａに沿って径方向外側へ拡散させる。ここで、燃料はバルブリセス側壁３ａのスワール始端側に向けて噴射されるものであり（第一噴霧４１）、この第一噴霧４１の噴射する範囲を、隣接するバルブリセス中心間角度θＢｖの略１／４に構成している。これによって、スワール２０を利用して燃料の拡散を助長することが可能となる。こうして、噴射ノズル７から噴射された燃料が、バルブリセス側壁３ａに衝突すると、図３の矢印に示す如く、燃料はバルブリセス３で拡散されて隅々まで行き渡り、燃料と空気との混合が促進される。
【００１９】
また、バルブリセス３の側壁３ａは、図２に示すように、側面視で垂直方向（ピストンの軸心線と平行）から外側へ開くように傾斜角度θ１だけ傾斜されている。該傾斜角度θ１は、３度〜１５度の範囲内の値としている。よって上外方向へ拡散される。また、ピストン頂面１ａは、ピストン中心側へ向けて下がるように傾斜され、該ピストン頂面１ａ（ピストンの軸心線と直角方向）から中心下方へさがる傾斜角度θ２が１度〜３度の範囲内の値となるように形成されている。そして、該バルブリセス側壁３ａとピストン頂面１ａとの間の角部３１が円弧状の曲面に形成され、該角部３１の曲率半径の値が、シリンダ半径をＤとすると、Ｄ／６０以上の値となるように構成されている。以下、シリンダ半径をＤとする。
また、該バルブリセス側壁３ａとバルブリセス底面３ｂとの間の角部３２も円弧状の曲面に形成され、該角部３２の曲率半径の値が、Ｄ／６０以上となるように構成されている。
このようにして、噴射ノズル７か噴射された燃料が、燃焼室５内からシリンダ径外側の燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へと巻き込まれるのを防止している。
【００２０】
また、前記バルブリセス底面３ｂは、シリンダ径方向外側へ傾斜角度θ３だけ上がる傾斜面に形成されている。該傾斜角度θ３は、１度〜３度の範囲内の値としている。そして、該バルブリセス底面３ｂと、下から二段目の凹部２１の側壁２１ａとの間の角部３３が円弧状の曲面に形成され、該角部３３の曲率半径の値が、Ｄ／６０以上となるように構成されている。
これにより、噴射ノズル７から噴射された燃料が、二段目の凹部の側壁２１ａに衝突したのち、角部３３に沿って流れて拡散されてバルブリセス３の隅々まで行き渡り、燃料と空気との混合が促進される。
【００２１】
また、下から二段目の凹部２１の側壁２１ａは、側面視で、垂直方向から外側へ開くように傾斜角度θ４だけ傾斜されている。該傾斜角度θ４は、３度〜１０度の範囲内の値としている。よって、前記噴射ノズル７から噴射される燃料の壁面までの到達距離が延長されるとともに、壁面に衝突した燃料が拡散されて、第一燃焼室５ａ内の隅々まで行き渡り、燃料と空気の混合が促進される。
一方、下から二段目の凹部２１の水平部における底面には下方へ凹む窪み２１ｂが形成されている。このような構成において、噴射ノズル７から噴射された燃料が、二段目の凹部２１の側壁２１ａに衝突して該側壁２１ａに沿って下方に流れ、該窪み２１ｂに達すると、燃料は図２の矢印に示す如く、シリンダ中心下方側に拡散されるので、噴霧同士の衝突を減少させることができるとともに、燃料の拡散効果を増大させることができる。したがって、燃料噴射ノズル７から下から二段目の凹部２１に噴射される燃料が異なる方向へ噴射される燃料と混合して重複するのを妨げて、燃焼が悪化するのを防止することができる。
【００２２】
また、第二燃焼室５ｂにおいては、下から一段目の凹部２２の側壁２２ａの上下中央から下方にシリンダ径方向外側へ拡開して窪み２２ｂを設け、該窪み２２ｂの曲率半径の値をＤ／２４以上の値とするとともに、該側壁２２ａの径方向外側へ拡開する角度θ５を−２５度〜０度の範囲内の値としている。
これにより、噴射ノズル７から一段目の凹部２２の側壁２２ａに向けて噴射される燃料の壁面までの到達距離を延長させることができるとともに、スキッシュ効果を増大させることができる。また、該窪み２２ｂにより、側壁２２ａに達した燃料は、図２の矢印に示す如く、ピストン中心側に拡散されるため、噴霧同士の衝突を減少させることができる。
【００２３】
さらに、前記下から一段目の凹部２２の側壁２２ａにおいて、窪み２２ｂ上部には垂直面２２ｃが形成され、スキッシュ効果の増大が図られているが、該垂直面２２ｃの長さを長くするほど、スキッシュ効果を更に増大させることができる。
【００２４】
また、下から一段目の凹部２２の外周側の底面には水平部２２ｄが形成されており、該水平部２２ｄにおいて、噴射した燃料の蒸発を促進させるように構成されている。
【００２５】
また、前記キャビティ２の底面中央に上方に盛り上がるように形成された突部６は、その中心部が最も高く、シリンダ径方向外側へ下がるように略円錐形状に形成されている。該突部６の上端６ａは断面視で円弧状の曲面に形成され、該上端６ａの曲率半径の値がＤ／２４以上の値となるように形成されている。そのため、燃焼室５内において、噴霧流がスムースに流れて噴霧同士の衝突が防止される。
また、該突部６における上端６ａから下がる斜面と前記下から一段目の凹部２１の底面（水平部２２ｄ）から上端６ａに向かって上がる斜面との間に形成される角部３４は断面視円弧状の曲面に形成され、該角部３４の曲率半径の値をＤ／６０以上の値とし、該突部２６の斜面中途部に形成される前記角部３４両側の斜面の折れ曲がり角度θ６を９０度〜１４５度の範囲内の値としている。これにより、空気と混合された燃料の噴霧流が斜面に沿って流れて、噴射ノズル７付近へ巻き込まれるのを防止することができる。
【００２６】
また、前記下から一段目の凹部２２（第二燃焼室５ｂ）の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部２１（第一燃焼室５ａ）より上方の燃焼室容積（第一燃焼室５ａの容積Ｖｍ＋バルブリセスの容積Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部２２（第二燃焼室５ｂ）への噴口面積（第三噴霧４３の吐出面積）Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部２１（第一燃焼室５ａ）より上方への噴口面積（第二噴霧４２の吐出面積Ａｍ＋第一噴霧４１の吐出面積Ａｖ）の比との関係が次式となるように設定され、燃焼室５の燃焼室容積と燃料噴射ノズル７の噴口面積が容易に決定される。
（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓ
したがって、燃焼室５の容積、又は噴射ノズル７の噴口径を容易に決定することができるので、従来のように実験を繰り返して燃焼室の形状を決定する必要がなく、開発期間の短縮化を図ることができる。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上のように構成したので、以下に示すような効果を奏する。
【００２８】
即ち、請求項１に示す如く、直噴式ディーゼルエンジンのピストン頂面にキャビティを設ける構成において、前記キャビティを少なくとも上下方向二段階に凹部を形成して設け、下から一段目の凹部上に二段目の凹部を径方向外側へ拡開し、下から二段目の凹部の側壁を垂直方向から外側へ開く傾斜面とし、キャビティ中央に上方へ膨出する突部を形成し、ピストン外周の頂面に中心側へ下がる傾斜を形成し、該ピストン頂面にバルブリセスを設け、ピストン中心上方に燃料噴射ノズルを配置し、該燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側の前記バルブリセス側壁と、前記下から一段目と二段目の凹部とにそれぞれ燃料を噴射するように構成したので、
段付き形状の燃焼室が有効に活用されて、空気と燃料との混合が促進され、燃焼効率が高まる。そのため、燃料が十分に燃焼されて、粒子状物質、一酸化炭素、炭化水素、及び窒素酸化物の発生量を低減することができる。また、バルブリセス３を燃焼室の一部として利用することができ、燃焼室の容積を十分に確保することが可能となる。
【００２９】
請求項２に示す如く、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、前記下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、該下から二段目の凹部の底面に窪みを形成し、前記燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側のバルブリセス側壁へ燃料を噴射する範囲を、隣接するバルブリセス中心間角度θＢｖの１／４に構成し、前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させて凹部隅々まで行き渡らせることができると同時に、スワールを利用して燃料の拡散を助長できる。また、噴射ノズルからキャビティ側壁までの噴霧到達距離を延長できるとともに、噴霧同士の衝突を減少できる。この結果、特に、粒子状物質の発生量を減少させることができる。
また、燃焼室の容積又は噴口径を容易に決定することができ、開発期間を短くすることができる。
【００３０】
請求項３に示す如く、前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させることができる。さらに、噴射ノズルからキャビティ側壁までの噴霧到達距離を延長できる。また、キャビティ底面における平面部で、噴霧した燃料の蒸発を促進させることができる。この結果、特に、一酸化炭素の発生量を減少させることができる。
【００３１】
請求項４に示す如く、前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁に径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、該拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、該下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させて凹部隅々まで行き渡らせることができる。さらに、噴射ノズルからキャビティ側壁までの噴霧到達距離を延長できる。また、キャビティ底面における平面部で、噴霧した燃料の蒸発を促進させることができる。この結果、特に、炭化水素の発生量を減少させることができる。
【００３２】
請求項５に示す如く、前記バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、該バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、前記一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、該窪み上部に垂直面を形成し、該窪みの曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、下から一段目の凹部底面とキャビティ中央の凸部面との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０以上とし、該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部の底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させて凹部隅々まで行き渡らせることができる。さらに、噴射ノズルからキャビティ側壁までの噴霧到達距離を延長でき、又スキッシュ効果が増大する。この結果、特に、粒子状物質の発生量を減少させることができる。
【００３３】
請求項６に示す如く、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させて凹部隅々まで行き渡らせることができる。また、スキッシュ効果が増大する。この結果、特に、一酸化炭素の発生量を減少させることができる。
また、燃焼室の容積又は噴射ノズルの噴口径を容易に決定することができ、開発期間を短くすることができる。
【００３４】
請求項７に示す如く、前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、該バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、該バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角角度を１度〜３度とし、該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から一段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状とし、前前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したので、
燃料が燃焼への関わりが小さい領域へ巻き込まれるのを防止しながら、燃料を拡散させて凹部隅々まで行き渡らせることができる。また、スキッシュ効果が増大する。この結果、特に、炭化水素の発生量を減少させることができる。
また、燃焼室の容積又は噴射ノズルの噴口径を容易に決定することができ、開発期間を短くすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る燃焼室の側面断面図。
【図２】図１における要部拡大断面図。
【図３】燃焼室の平面図。
【符号の説明】
１ ピストン
１ａ ピストン頂面
２ キャビティ
３ バルブリセス
３ａ バルブリセス側壁
６ 突部
７ 燃料噴射ノズル
２１ 下から二段目の凹部
２２ 下から一段目の凹部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combustion chamber having a cavity provided on a piston top surface of a direct injection diesel engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a combustion chamber of a direct-injection diesel engine, a cavity is provided on a top surface of a piston to form a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is arranged so that an ejection portion of an injection nozzle faces the interior of the combustion chamber. By positively utilizing the fuel, the spray injected from the injection nozzle collides with the wall of the combustion chamber and diffuses, and the fuel is mixed with air and burned.
In such a combustion chamber, the fuel injection nozzle is provided with a plurality of injection ports to reduce the number of sprays in order to diffuse fuel over a wide area, improve air use efficiency, improve fuel efficiency and reduce smoke. The number of sprays is increased radially toward the side wall of the cavity and in a staggered manner in the vertical direction, or the side wall of the cavity is formed in a stepped shape. For example, in the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1, the shape of the cavity is a reentrant type having a shape in which the opening of the cavity is narrowed and the diameter is increased outward in the cylinder radial direction toward the lower side. A plurality of arc-shaped portions are provided on a nearby inner surface to form a stepped combustion chamber.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-32560
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when the area of the opening of the cavity is small as in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the heat load increases, and a problem occurs in durability. Therefore, when durability is important, the heat load is reduced by increasing the area of the opening of the cavity. As means for increasing the area of the opening, for example, a valve recess is provided together with the cavity on the top surface of the piston.
However, at present, it is not possible to use a valve recess as a combustion chamber to perform sufficient combustion or to effectively utilize a stepped combustion chamber, and the optimum combustion chamber shape is still identified. Not. Therefore, experiments are repeatedly performed to determine the shape of the combustion chamber, and the development period tends to be prolonged.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to effectively utilize a stepped combustion chamber to increase combustion efficiency and to reduce particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.
[0006]
That is, according to claim 1, in the configuration in which the cavity is provided on the piston top surface of the direct injection diesel engine, the cavity is provided by forming a recess at least in two stages in the vertical direction, and the second stage is provided on the first stage from the bottom. The concave portion of the piston is radially expanded outward, the side wall of the second concave portion from the bottom is formed as an inclined surface that opens outward from the vertical direction, and a projecting portion bulging upward is formed at the center of the cavity, and the top surface of the outer periphery of the piston The valve recess is formed on the top surface of the piston, a fuel injection nozzle is arranged above the center of the piston, and the side wall of the valve recess on the swirl start end side and the first stage from below are formed from the fuel injection nozzle. And the second-stage concave portion is configured to inject fuel.
[0007]
In claim 2, the inclination angle of the top surface of the piston is 1 to 3 degrees, and the angle of expansion of the side wall of the first recess from the bottom radially outward is -25 degrees to 0 degrees. The angle of opening to the outside of the side wall of the second recess from the bottom is 3 to 10 degrees, a recess is formed in the bottom surface of the second recess from the bottom, and the valve recess side wall on the swirl start end side from the fuel injection nozzle. The fuel injection range is set to 1/4 of the angle θBv between the centers of the adjacent valve recesses, and the volume of the combustion chamber Vs of the first recess from the bottom and the volume of the combustion chamber above the second recess from the bottom The relationship between the ratio of (Vm + Vv), the ratio of the nozzle area As to the first recess from the bottom of the fuel injection nozzle 7, and the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second recess from the bottom is (Am + Av). ) / As = (1.5-2.5) (Vm + Vv) / V Those configured to meet.
[0008]
In claim 3, the radius of curvature of the corner between the side wall of the valve recess and its bottom surface is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more, and the distance between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second concave portion from the bottom is set. The radius of curvature of the corner is D / 60, the angle of opening from the bottom to the outside of the side wall of the second recess is 3 to 10 degrees, and a horizontal portion is formed on the bottom surface of the first recess from the bottom. The valve recess side wall has a shape in which a piston center side expands in plan view.
[0009]
In claim 4, the radius of curvature of the corner between the side wall of the valve recess and the bottom surface thereof is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more, and the distance between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second concave portion from the bottom is set. The radius of curvature of the corner is D / 60, the angle of opening from the bottom to the outside of the side wall of the second recess is 3 to 10 degrees, and the corner of the corner extends radially downward and outside to the side wall of the first recess from the bottom. The recess is provided by opening, the angle of the expansion is -25 degrees to 0 degrees, a horizontal portion is formed on the bottom surface of the first concave portion from the bottom, and the valve recess wall surface is formed so that the piston center side is expanded. Things.
[0010]
According to claim 5, the inclination angle of the valve recess side wall with respect to the vertical direction is 3 degrees to 15 degrees, and the radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more; A depression is provided by expanding radially downward and outward of the side wall of the first concave portion, a vertical surface is formed on the upper portion of the concave portion, the radius of curvature of the concave portion is set to D / 24 or more, and the bottom surface of the first concave portion from the bottom The radius of curvature of the corner between the cavity and the center of the cavity is D / 60 or more, and the bending angle between the projection of the center of the cavity and the bottom of the second recess from the bottom is 90 degrees. To 145 degrees, the radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is D / 24 or more, and the valve recess wall surface is shaped so that the piston center side expands.
[0011]
According to claim 6, the inclination angle of the piston top surface is set to 1 to 3 degrees, the radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more. The inclination angle with respect to the vertical direction is 3 to 15 degrees, the upward inclination angle of the bottom of the valve recess toward the outside in the radial direction is 1 to 3 degrees, the projection surface of the projection at the center of the cavity and the bottom surface of the second concave portion from the bottom. Angle of curvature of 90 to 145 degrees, the radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is D / 24 or more, and the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first recess from the bottom and the upper part of the second recess from the bottom The relationship between the ratio of the combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv) of the fuel injection nozzle 7 and the ratio of the nozzle area As to the first-stage recess from below and the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second-stage recess from below. Is (Am + Av) / As (1.5 to 2.5) is obtained by construction so as to satisfy the (Vm + Vv) / Vs.
[0012]
8. The valve recess side wall according to claim 7, wherein the inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees, the radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more. The inclination angle with respect to the vertical direction is 3 degrees to 15 degrees, the inclination angle of the valve recess bottom surface rising outward in the radial direction is 1 degrees to 3 degrees, The bent angle to the bottom of the concave portion is 90 to 145 degrees, the radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is D / 24 or more, and the valve recess side wall is shaped such that the piston center side expands in plan view, and The ratio of the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first-stage concave portion to the volume of the combustion chamber (Vm + Vv) above the second-stage concave portion from the bottom, the injection port area As from the bottom of the fuel injection nozzle 7 to the first-stage concave portion, Second stage from Relationship between the ratio of the nozzle hole area (Am + Av) above to the more parts are, which is constituted so as to satisfy the (Am + Av) / As = (1.5~2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the invention will be described.
1 is a side sectional view of a combustion chamber according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the combustion chamber.
[0014]
The combustion chamber of the direct injection diesel engine of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In a direct injection diesel engine, a cavity 2 and a valve recess 3 are provided on a top surface of a piston 1 slidably fitted to a cylinder 10, and the cavity 2 is provided at a central portion of the piston top surface 1a, and a valve recess 3 is provided on the top surface. The fuel is injected into the cavity 2 from a fuel injection nozzle 7 disposed on the outer peripheral portion and disposed above the center of the piston 1 in plan view. The cavity 2 is provided in two stages deeply from the periphery in the vertical direction to form the concave portions 21 and 22 and is formed continuously with the valve recess 3 so that the diameter becomes wider and shallower toward the piston top surface 1a. A stepped combustion chamber 5 is formed.
[0015]
In the combustion chamber 5, a swirl 20 is formed by the intake air introduced into the cylinder 10 from the intake port 28 in the intake process, and a squish is formed in the cavity 2 by the piston top surface. Mixing of air and fuel is performed in the combustion chamber 5 by utilizing the same.
[0016]
A projection 6 bulging upward is formed at the center of the bottom surface of the cavity 2, and the injection nozzle 7 projects from the cylinder head (not shown) into the combustion chamber 5 above the projection 6. ing. At the lower end of the injection nozzle 7, a plurality of injection ports are arranged at substantially equal intervals around the nozzle axis, and the respective injection ports are arranged vertically in a staggered manner toward the wall surface of the combustion chamber 5. It is configured to perform radial injection. In this embodiment, three jets are performed within a range of 90 degrees in plan view in FIG. Explaining in the range of 1/4, the first spray 41 is sprayed on the swirl front side of the side wall 3a of the valve recess 3 in plan view, and is sprayed toward the valve recess 3 from the top of the second recess 21 from the bottom in side view. You. The second spray 42 is sprayed toward the side wall surface of the concave portion 21 in a side view, slightly behind the center of the valve recess 3 in a plan view. The third spray 43 is sprayed below the second spray 42 in a plan view and toward the side wall surface of the lower first concave portion 22 in a side view.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 2, the combustion chamber 5 is composed of a first combustion chamber 5a and a second combustion chamber 5b that extend around the injection nozzle 7. In the sectional view of FIG. 2, the first combustion chamber 5 a is located above an injection center O <b> 1 of the injection nozzle 7, and a line connecting a boundary portion between the lower (first lower stage) recess 22 and the lower second recess 21. It is a space in the cavity 2. That is, the space including the space between the valve recess 3 and the space between the second concave portion 22 from the bottom, the center O1 of the injection nozzle 7 and the piston top surface is defined as the first combustion chamber 5a. The space below the first combustion chamber 5a is a second combustion chamber 5b. That is, in the sectional view of FIG. 2, the inside of the cavity 2 below the line connecting the injection center O1 of the injection nozzle 7, the lower (first lower stage) recess 22 and the boundary portion of the lower second recess 21. The space is a second combustion chamber 5b.
[0018]
In the first combustion chamber 5a, the valve recess 3 has a valve recess for an intake valve and a valve recess for an exhaust valve, and is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the piston top surface 1a. Two are arranged for intake and exhaust respectively. As shown in FIG. 3, the side wall 3a of the valve recess 3 is formed to have a shape in which the center of the piston expands in plan view, and diffuses the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 radially outward along the valve recess side wall 3a. Let it. Here, the fuel is injected toward the swirl start end side of the valve recess side wall 3a (first spray 41), and the injection range of the first spray 41 is set to approximately 1/1 / the angle θBv between adjacent valve recess centers. 4. This makes it possible to promote the diffusion of the fuel using the swirl 20. Thus, when the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 collides with the valve recess side wall 3a, the fuel is diffused by the valve recess 3 and spreads to every corner, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3, and the mixing of fuel and air is promoted. .
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, the side wall 3a of the valve recess 3 is inclined by an inclination angle θ1 so as to open outward from a vertical direction (parallel to the axis of the piston) in a side view. The inclination angle θ1 is a value within a range of 3 degrees to 15 degrees. Therefore, it is diffused upward and outward. Further, the piston top surface 1a is inclined so as to descend toward the center of the piston, and the inclination angle θ2 from the piston top surface 1a (in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the piston) to the center downward is 1 to 3 degrees. It is formed to have a value within the range. Then, a corner 31 between the valve recess side wall 3a and the piston top surface 1a is formed in an arcuate curved surface, and the radius of curvature of the corner 31 is D / 60 or more, where D is the cylinder radius. It is configured to be a value. Hereinafter, the cylinder radius is D.
Further, a corner 32 between the valve recess side wall 3a and the valve recess bottom surface 3b is also formed in an arcuate curved surface, and the radius of curvature of the corner 32 is configured to be D / 60 or more.
In this way, the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 is prevented from being caught in the combustion chamber 5 into a region outside the cylinder diameter that is less involved in combustion.
[0020]
The valve recess bottom surface 3b is formed as an inclined surface which rises outward in the cylinder radial direction by an inclination angle θ3. The inclination angle θ3 is a value within a range of 1 degree to 3 degrees. Then, a corner 33 between the bottom surface 3b of the valve recess and the side wall 21a of the second concave portion 21 from the bottom is formed in an arcuate curved surface, and the radius of curvature of the corner 33 is D / 60 or more. It is configured so that
Thereby, after the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 collides with the side wall 21a of the second-stage concave portion, it flows along the corner 33 and is diffused and spreads to all corners of the valve recess 3, so that the fuel and air Mixing is promoted.
[0021]
Further, the side wall 21a of the second concave portion 21 from the bottom is inclined by an inclination angle θ4 so as to open outward from the vertical direction in a side view. The inclination angle θ4 is a value within a range of 3 degrees to 10 degrees. Accordingly, the distance of the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 to the wall surface is extended, and the fuel colliding with the wall surface is diffused and spreads to every corner in the first combustion chamber 5a, and the fuel and air are mixed. Is promoted.
On the other hand, a recess 21b that is recessed downward is formed on the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the second recess 21 from the bottom. In such a configuration, when the fuel injected from the injection nozzle 7 collides with the side wall 21a of the second-stage recess 21 and flows downward along the side wall 21a, and reaches the depression 21b, the fuel is discharged as shown in FIG. As shown by the arrow, the fuel is diffused to the lower side of the cylinder center, so that the collision between the sprays can be reduced and the fuel diffusion effect can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fuel injected from the fuel injection nozzle 7 into the second concave portion 21 from the bottom from being mixed with the fuel injected in different directions to prevent the fuel from being overlapped, thereby preventing the deterioration of combustion. .
[0022]
Further, in the second combustion chamber 5b, a depression 22b is provided by expanding downward from the vertical center of the side wall 22a of the side wall 22a of the first recess 22 from the bottom to the outside in the cylinder radial direction, and the value of the radius of curvature of the depression 22b is set to D / 24 or more, and the angle θ5 at which the side wall 22a expands radially outward is set to a value within the range of -25 degrees to 0 degrees.
Thus, the distance from the injection nozzle 7 to the wall surface of the fuel injected toward the side wall 22a of the first-stage recess 22 can be extended, and the squish effect can be increased. Further, the fuel that has reached the side wall 22a is diffused toward the center of the piston as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2 due to the depression 22b, so that collision between sprays can be reduced.
[0023]
Further, in the side wall 22a of the first-stage concave portion 22 from the bottom, a vertical surface 22c is formed above the depression 22b to increase the squish effect, but as the length of the vertical surface 22c becomes longer, The squish effect can be further increased.
[0024]
A horizontal portion 22d is formed on the bottom surface on the outer peripheral side of the first concave portion 22 from the bottom, and the horizontal portion 22d is configured to promote evaporation of the injected fuel.
[0025]
The protrusion 6 formed at the center of the bottom surface of the cavity 2 so as to swell upward is the highest at the center and is formed in a substantially conical shape so as to be lowered outward in the cylinder radial direction. The upper end 6a of the projection 6 is formed in an arcuate curved surface in a sectional view, and the value of the radius of curvature of the upper end 6a is D / 24 or more. Therefore, in the combustion chamber 5, the spray flow smoothly flows, and the collision between the sprays is prevented.
A corner 34 formed between the slope of the protrusion 6 descending from the upper end 6a and the slope rising from the bottom surface (horizontal portion 22d) of the first recessed portion 21 from the bottom toward the upper end 6a is circular in cross section. The radius of curvature of the corner 34 is set to a value of D / 60 or more, and the bending angle θ6 of the slope on both sides of the corner 34 formed in the middle of the slope of the projection 26 is 90. The value is in the range of degrees to 145 degrees. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the spray flow of the fuel mixed with the air from flowing along the slope and being caught in the vicinity of the injection nozzle 7.
[0026]
Further, the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first-stage concave portion 22 (second combustion chamber 5b) from the bottom and the combustion chamber volume (first combustion chamber) above the second-stage concave portion 21 (first combustion chamber 5a) from the bottom. The ratio of the volume Vm of the fuel injection nozzle 5a + the volume Vv of the valve recess, the area of the injection port (discharge area of the third spray 43) As from the bottom to the first recess 22 (second combustion chamber 5b) from below, and The relationship with the ratio of the injection port area (discharge area Am of the second spray 42 + discharge area Av of the first spray 41) above the second recess 21 (first combustion chamber 5a) is set as follows. Thus, the volume of the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber 5 and the area of the injection port of the fuel injection nozzle 7 are easily determined.
(Am + Av) / As = (1.5-2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs
Therefore, since the volume of the combustion chamber 5 or the diameter of the injection nozzle of the injection nozzle 7 can be easily determined, it is not necessary to determine the shape of the combustion chamber by repeating experiments as in the prior art, and the development period can be shortened. Can be planned.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
[0028]
That is, in a configuration in which a cavity is provided on the piston top surface of a direct injection diesel engine, the cavity is formed by forming a recess in at least two stages in the vertical direction, and two stages are provided on the first recess from the bottom. The concave part of the eye expands radially outward, the side wall of the concave part of the second step from the bottom is an inclined surface that opens outward from the vertical direction, and a protrusion that bulges upward at the center of the cavity is formed. A slope is formed on the surface of the piston, the valve recess is provided on the top surface of the piston, a fuel injection nozzle is arranged above the center of the piston, and the valve recess side wall on the swirl start end side from the fuel injection nozzle, and one step from the bottom. Because it was configured to inject fuel into the eye and the second recess, respectively.
The stepped combustion chamber is effectively used, and the mixing of air and fuel is promoted, and the combustion efficiency is increased. Therefore, the fuel is sufficiently burned, and the amount of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides generated can be reduced. In addition, the valve recess 3 can be used as a part of the combustion chamber, and the volume of the combustion chamber can be sufficiently secured.
[0029]
As shown in claim 2, the inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 degree to 3 degrees, and the angle that expands radially downward and outward of the side wall of the first concave portion from below is -25 degrees to 0 degrees, The angle of opening to the outside of the side wall of the second recess from the bottom is 3 to 10 degrees, a recess is formed in the bottom surface of the second recess from the bottom, and the valve recess on the swirl start end side from the fuel injection nozzle is formed. The range in which fuel is injected into the side wall is configured to be 1/4 of the angle θBv between the centers of adjacent valve recesses, and the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first recess from the bottom and the combustion chamber above the second recess from the bottom. The relationship between the ratio of the volume (Vm + Vv), the ratio of the nozzle area As to the first-stage recess from the bottom of the fuel injection nozzle 7 and the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second-stage recess from the bottom is ( Am + Av) / As = (1.5-2.5) (Vm + Vv) / V Since it is configured so as to satisfy the,
The fuel can be diffused and spread to all corners of the concave portion while preventing the fuel from being entrained in an area where the involvement in combustion is small, and the diffusion of the fuel can be promoted by using the swirl. Further, it is possible to extend the spray reaching distance from the injection nozzle to the side wall of the cavity, and reduce collision between sprays. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated particulate matter can be reduced.
Further, the volume of the combustion chamber or the diameter of the injection port can be easily determined, and the development period can be shortened.
[0030]
The radius of curvature of a corner between the side wall of the valve recess and the bottom surface thereof is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more, and between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second concave portion from below. The radius of curvature of the corner portion is D / 60, the angle that opens to the outside of the side wall of the second recess from the bottom is 3 to 10 degrees, and a horizontal portion is formed on the bottom surface of the first recess from the bottom. Since the valve recess side wall is shaped so that the piston center side expands in plan view,
The fuel can be diffused while preventing the fuel from being caught in an area where the involvement in combustion is small. Further, the spray reaching distance from the spray nozzle to the cavity side wall can be extended. Further, the evaporation of the sprayed fuel can be promoted at the flat portion on the bottom surface of the cavity. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated carbon monoxide can be reduced.
[0031]
The radius of curvature of the corner between the side wall of the valve recess and the bottom surface thereof is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more, and between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second concave portion from below. The radius of curvature of the corner portion is D / 60, the angle of opening from the bottom to the outside of the side wall of the second recess is 3 to 10 degrees, and the side wall of the first recess from the bottom extends radially downward and outward. The recess is provided by expanding, the angle of the expansion is -25 degrees to 0 degrees, a horizontal portion is formed on the bottom surface of the first concave portion from the bottom, and the valve recess wall surface is expanded on the piston center side. Because
The fuel can be diffused and spread to all corners of the concave portion while preventing the fuel from being entrained in an area where the involvement in combustion is small. Further, the spray reaching distance from the spray nozzle to the cavity side wall can be extended. Further, the evaporation of the sprayed fuel can be promoted at the flat portion on the bottom surface of the cavity. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated hydrocarbons can be reduced.
[0032]
The inclination angle of the side wall of the valve recess with respect to the vertical direction is 3 to 15 degrees, and the radius of curvature of the corner between the side wall of the valve recess and the bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more. Forming a dent by expanding radially downward and outward of the side wall of the first concave portion, forming a vertical surface on the upper portion of the concave portion, setting the radius of curvature of the concave to D / 24 or more, The radius of curvature of the corner between the bottom surface and the convex surface at the center of the cavity is D / 60 or more, and the bending angle from the convex surface at the center of the cavity to the bottom surface of the second concave portion from the bottom is 90 °. Degrees to 145 degrees, the radius of curvature at the upper end of the protrusion is D / 24 or more, and the valve recess wall surface is shaped so that the center side of the piston expands.
The fuel can be diffused and spread to all corners of the concave portion while preventing the fuel from being entrained in an area where the involvement in combustion is small. Further, the spray distance from the injection nozzle to the side wall of the cavity can be extended, and the squish effect increases. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated particulate matter can be reduced.
[0033]
7. The valve recess side wall according to claim 6, wherein the inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees, the radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more. The inclination angle with respect to the vertical direction is 3 to 15 degrees, the inclination angle of the bottom of the valve recess which rises outward in the radial direction is 1 to 3 degrees, the projection surface of the projection at the center of the cavity and the second concave portion from the bottom. The bending angle to the bottom is 90 degrees to 145 degrees, the radius of curvature of the upper end of the protrusion is D / 24 or more, and the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first recess from the bottom and the second recess from the bottom The ratio of the upper combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv), the ratio of the nozzle area As to the first lower recess from the fuel injection nozzle 7, and the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second lower recess. The relationship is (Am + Av) / As (1.5 to 2.5) since it is configured so as to satisfy the (Vm + Vv) / Vs,
The fuel can be diffused and spread to all corners of the concave portion while preventing the fuel from being entrained in an area where the involvement in combustion is small. In addition, the squish effect increases. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated carbon monoxide can be reduced.
In addition, the volume of the combustion chamber or the diameter of the injection nozzle of the injection nozzle can be easily determined, and the development period can be shortened.
[0034]
8. The valve recess according to claim 7, wherein the inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees, and the radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more. The angle of inclination of the side wall with respect to the vertical direction is 3 to 15 degrees, the angle of inclination of the bottom of the valve recess that rises outward in the radial direction is 1 to 3 degrees, and the projection at the center of the cavity is one step from below. The angle of the bend to the bottom of the concave portion of the eye is 90 to 145 degrees, the radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is D / 24 or more, and the valve recess side wall is shaped so that the piston center side expands in plan view, The ratio of the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first-stage recess from the combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv) above the second-stage recess from the bottom, and the area As of the fuel injection nozzle 7 from the bottom to the first-stage recess, Second row from the bottom Relationship between the ratio of the nozzle hole area (Am + Av) above to the more parts are so constructed to satisfy (Am + Av) / As = (1.5~2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs,
The fuel can be diffused and spread to all corners of the concave portion while preventing the fuel from being entrained in an area where the involvement in combustion is small. In addition, the squish effect increases. As a result, in particular, the amount of generated hydrocarbons can be reduced.
In addition, the volume of the combustion chamber or the diameter of the injection nozzle of the injection nozzle can be easily determined, and the development period can be shortened.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a combustion chamber according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a combustion chamber.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 piston
1a Piston top surface
2 cavities
3 Valve recess
3a Valve recess side wall
6 protrusions
7 Fuel injection nozzle
21 Second recess from bottom
22 First recess from bottom

Claims (7)

直噴式ディーゼルエンジンのピストン頂面にキャビティを設ける構成において、
前記キャビティを少なくとも上下方向二段階に凹部を形成して設け、
下から一段目の凹部上に二段目の凹部を径方向外側へ拡開し、
下から二段目の凹部の側壁を垂直方向から外側へ開く傾斜面とし、
キャビティ中央に上方へ膨出する突部を形成し、
ピストン外周の頂面に中心側へ下がる傾斜を形成し、
該ピストン頂面にバルブリセスを設け、
ピストン中心上方に燃料噴射ノズルを配置し、
該燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側の前記バルブリセス側壁と、前記下から一段目と二段目の凹部とにそれぞれ燃料を噴射するように構成したことを特徴とするエンジンの燃焼室。In the configuration of providing a cavity on the piston top surface of a direct injection diesel engine,
The cavity is provided by forming a concave portion in at least two stages in the vertical direction,
Expand the second recess radially outward on the first recess from below,
The side wall of the second recess from the bottom is an inclined surface that opens outward from the vertical direction,
Form a protrusion that swells upward in the center of the cavity,
Form a slope down to the center side on the top surface of the piston outer circumference,
A valve recess is provided on the top surface of the piston,
Arrange the fuel injection nozzle above the center of the piston,
A combustion chamber for an engine, wherein fuel is injected from the fuel injection nozzle into the valve recess side wall on the swirl start end side and into the first and second concave portions from the bottom. 前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、
前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、
前記下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、
該下から二段目の凹部の底面に窪みを形成し、
前記燃料噴射ノズルより、スワール始端側のバルブリセス側壁へ燃料を噴射する範囲を、隣接するバルブリセス中心間角度θＢｖの１／４に構成し、
前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees,
The angle at which the side wall of the first recess from the lower side expands radially outward is -25 degrees to 0 degrees,
The angle to open to the outside of the side wall of the second concave portion from the bottom is 3 to 10 degrees,
Forming a depression on the bottom surface of the second recess from the bottom,
A range in which fuel is injected from the fuel injection nozzle to the valve recess side wall on the swirl start end side is configured to be 1/4 of an angle θBv between adjacent valve recess centers,
The ratio of the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first-stage recess from the bottom to the combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv) above the second-stage recess, and the area As of the fuel injection nozzle 7 from the bottom to the first-stage recess. And the relationship between the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second recess from the bottom and (Am + Av) / As = (1.5 to 2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs The combustion chamber of an engine according to claim 1, wherein: 前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、
前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、
該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、
前記下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、
前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second recess from the bottom is D / 60,
The angle of opening from the bottom to the outside of the side wall of the second concave portion is 3 to 10 degrees,
Form a horizontal portion on the bottom of the first recess from the bottom,
2. A combustion chamber for an engine according to claim 1, wherein said valve recess side wall has a shape in which a piston center side expands in plan view. 前記バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、
前記バルブリセス底面と下から二段目の凹部の側壁との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０とし、
該下から二段目の凹部の側壁の外側へ開く角度を３度〜１０度とし、
前記下から一段目の凹部の側壁に径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、
該拡開する角度を−２５度〜０度とし、
該下から一段目の凹部の底面に水平部を形成し、
前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the bottom surface of the valve recess and the side wall of the second recess from the bottom is D / 60,
The angle of opening from the bottom to the outside of the side wall of the second concave portion is 3 to 10 degrees,
A dent is provided on the side wall of the first recess from the bottom by expanding radially downward and outward,
The angle of the spread is -25 degrees to 0 degrees,
Form a horizontal portion on the bottom of the first recess from the bottom,
2. A combustion chamber for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the valve recess is formed so that the center of the piston is widened. 前記バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、
該バルブリセス側壁とその底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、
前記一段目の凹部の側壁の径方向下外側へ拡開して窪みを設け、
該窪み上部に垂直面を形成し、
該窪みの曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、
下から一段目の凹部底面とキャビティ中央の凸部面との間の角部の曲率半径をＤ／６０以上とし、
該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部の底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、
該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、
前記バルブリセス壁面をピストン中心側が拡開する形状としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The inclination angle of the valve recess side wall with respect to the vertical direction is 3 degrees to 15 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the bottom surface is set to D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more;
A depression is provided by expanding radially downward and outward of the side wall of the first-stage concave portion,
Forming a vertical surface on the top of the depression,
The radius of curvature of the depression is D / 24 or more,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the bottom surface of the first concave portion from the bottom and the convex surface at the center of the cavity is D / 60 or more,
The bending angle from the projecting surface of the projecting portion at the center of the cavity to the bottom surface of the second concave portion from the bottom is 90 to 145 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is set to D / 24 or more,
2. A combustion chamber for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the valve recess is formed so that the center of the piston is widened. 前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、
バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、
バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、
バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、
キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から二段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、
該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、
前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more,
The inclination angle of the valve recess side wall with respect to the vertical direction is set to 3 to 15 degrees,
The upward inclination angle of the bottom of the valve recess toward the outside in the radial direction is set to 1 to 3 degrees,
The bending angle from the projecting surface of the projecting portion at the center of the cavity to the bottom surface of the second concave portion from the bottom is 90 degrees to 145 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is set to D / 24 or more,
The ratio of the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first-stage recess from the bottom to the combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv) above the second-stage recess, and the area As of the fuel injection nozzle 7 from the bottom to the first-stage recess. And the relationship between the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second recess from the bottom and (Am + Av) / As = (1.5 to 2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs The combustion chamber of an engine according to claim 1, wherein: 前記ピストン頂面の傾斜角度を１度〜３度とし、
バルブリセス側壁とバルブリセス底面との間の角部の曲率半径を、Ｄ（シリンダ半径）／６０以上とし、
該バルブリセス側壁の垂直方向に対する傾斜角度を３度〜１５度とし、
該バルブリセス底面の径方向外側への上がり傾斜角角度を１度〜３度とし、
該キャビティ中央の突部の突部面と下から一段目の凹部底面への折れ曲がり角度を９０度〜１４５度とし、
該突部の上端の曲率半径をＤ／２４以上とし、
前記バルブリセス側壁を平面視でピストン中心側が拡開する形状とし、
前前記下から一段目の凹部の燃焼室容積Ｖｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方の燃焼室容積（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）の比と、燃料噴射ノズル７の下から一段目の凹部への噴口面積Ａｓと、下から二段目の凹部より上方への噴口面積（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）の比との関係が、（Ａｍ＋Ａｖ）／Ａｓ＝（１．５〜２．５）（Ｖｍ＋Ｖｖ）／Ｖｓを満たすように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載のエンジンの燃焼室。The inclination angle of the piston top surface is 1 to 3 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the corner between the valve recess side wall and the valve recess bottom surface is D (cylinder radius) / 60 or more,
The inclination angle of the valve recess side wall with respect to the vertical direction is 3 degrees to 15 degrees,
The upward inclination angle of the bottom of the valve recess toward the radial outside is set to 1 degree to 3 degrees,
The bending angle from the projection surface of the projection at the center of the cavity to the bottom surface of the first concave portion from the bottom is 90 degrees to 145 degrees,
The radius of curvature of the upper end of the projection is set to D / 24 or more,
The valve recess side wall has a shape in which a piston center side expands in plan view,
The ratio of the combustion chamber volume Vs of the first recess from the bottom to the combustion chamber volume (Vm + Vv) above the second recess from the bottom, and the area of the fuel injection nozzle 7 from the bottom to the first recess. The relationship between As and the ratio of the nozzle area (Am + Av) above the second concave portion from the bottom satisfies (Am + Av) / As = (1.5 to 2.5) (Vm + Vv) / Vs. The combustion chamber of the engine according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber is configured.
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