JP2012246816A - Direct injection internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Direct injection internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP2012246816A
JP2012246816A JP2011118345A JP2011118345A JP2012246816A JP 2012246816 A JP2012246816 A JP 2012246816A JP 2011118345 A JP2011118345 A JP 2011118345A JP 2011118345 A JP2011118345 A JP 2011118345A JP 2012246816 A JP2012246816 A JP 2012246816A
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cavity
combustion engine
internal combustion
fuel
fuel injection
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Shiro Tanno
史朗 丹野
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a direct injection internal combustion engine that can reduce a heat loss in a combustion chamber.SOLUTION: The direct injection internal combustion engine 1 includes: a fuel injection valve 5 provided in a cylinder; and a cavity 3 formed in a piston 2 to configure part of the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A protrusion 4 which is formed around an axis AX direction of the piston 2 is formed on a sidewall surface 3b forming the cavity 3. The fuel injection valve 5 injects fuel toward the sidewall surface 3b which is located above rather than the protrusion 4.

Description

本発明は、燃料室内に燃料を直接噴射する燃料噴射弁を備えた直接噴射式内燃機関に関する。   The present invention relates to a direct injection internal combustion engine including a fuel injection valve that directly injects fuel into a fuel chamber.

内燃機関の燃焼室の一部を形成するピストン頂部のキャビティの形状について、燃料噴射軸がキャビティ内面と交差する燃料噴射軸衝突点よりもキャビティの開口端側の内面と燃料噴射軸とがなす角度を鈍角にするとともに、ピストン中心軸方向にみて相互に隣接する燃料噴射軸間にキャビティ底壁部から突出する凸部を形成したものが知られている（特許文献１参照）。その他、本発明に関連する先行技術文献として特許文献２〜５が存在する。   About the shape of the cavity at the top of the piston that forms a part of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the angle formed by the inner surface of the cavity at the open end side of the fuel injection shaft and the fuel injection shaft from the fuel injection shaft collision point where the fuel injection shaft intersects the inner surface of the cavity Is formed with a projecting portion protruding from the bottom wall of the cavity between the fuel injection shafts adjacent to each other when viewed in the piston central axis direction (see Patent Document 1). In addition, Patent Documents 2 to 5 exist as prior art documents related to the present invention.

特開２０１０−１４４５９３号公報JP 2010-144593 A 特開２００１−２１４７４２号公報JP 2001-214742 A 実開昭５８−１０２７２３号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-102723 実開昭５８−５１０２４号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-51024 特開２０００−８８５７号公報JP 2000-8857 A

上述したようなキャビティの形状にすることで、燃料と空気とを良好に混合することができる。しかし、ピストンのキャビティ底面に沿って燃焼ガスが流れると、燃焼ガスによる熱がキャビティ底面で放熱してしまい、熱損失が大きくなるおそれがある。   By making the shape of the cavity as described above, the fuel and air can be mixed well. However, if the combustion gas flows along the cavity bottom surface of the piston, heat from the combustion gas is dissipated at the cavity bottom surface, which may increase heat loss.

そこで、本発明は燃焼室内の熱損失を低減可能な直接噴射式内燃機関を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a direct injection internal combustion engine that can reduce heat loss in a combustion chamber.

本発明の直接噴射式内燃機関は、気筒内に設置される燃料噴射弁と、前記気筒の燃焼室の一部を構成すべくピストンに形成されたキャビティと、を備えた直接噴射式内燃機関であって、前記キャビティを形成する側壁面には、前記ピストンの軸線方向の回りに沿って形成された凸部が設けられ、前記燃料噴射弁が、前記凸部よりも上方の側壁面に向けて燃料を噴射する（請求項１）。   The direct injection internal combustion engine of the present invention is a direct injection internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injection valve installed in a cylinder and a cavity formed in a piston to constitute a part of a combustion chamber of the cylinder. The side wall surface forming the cavity is provided with a convex portion formed around the axial direction of the piston, and the fuel injection valve is directed toward the side wall surface above the convex portion. Fuel is injected (Claim 1).

本発明の直接噴射式内燃機関によれば、燃料噴射弁から噴射された燃料は着火して燃焼ガスとなり凸部の上方の側壁面に衝突する。燃焼ガスは凸部に沿って周方向に移動し、下向きの流れが抑制される。従って、燃焼ガスのキャビティの底面への回り込みを防止することで、底面での放熱を防止し、熱損失を低減できる。よって、熱効率が向上する。   According to the direct injection internal combustion engine of the present invention, the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve is ignited to become combustion gas and collides with the side wall surface above the convex portion. The combustion gas moves in the circumferential direction along the convex portion, and the downward flow is suppressed. Therefore, by preventing the combustion gas from entering the bottom surface of the cavity, heat dissipation at the bottom surface can be prevented and heat loss can be reduced. Therefore, thermal efficiency is improved.

本発明の直接噴射式内燃機関の一形態において、前記燃料噴射弁には、複数の噴孔が設けられ、前記側壁面には、前記軸線方向に沿って形成された複数の隆起部が設けられ、前記燃料噴射弁が、前記隆起部に向けて燃料を噴射してもよい（請求項２）。この形態によれば、着火した燃料は燃焼ガスとなって凸部よりも上方で隆起部に衝突する。燃焼ガスは左右方向に分かれて凸部により周方向に案内されつつ、隣り合う隆起部から流れてきた燃焼ガスと合流する。隆起部の傾斜により燃料ガスの横渦が生じ、側壁面から燃焼ガスが離れるように流れるので、熱損失を低減できる。   In one form of the direct injection internal combustion engine of the present invention, the fuel injection valve is provided with a plurality of injection holes, and the side wall surface is provided with a plurality of raised portions formed along the axial direction. The fuel injection valve may inject fuel toward the raised portion (Claim 2). According to this form, the ignited fuel becomes combustion gas and collides with the raised portion above the convex portion. The combustion gas is divided in the left-right direction and guided in the circumferential direction by the convex portion, and merges with the combustion gas flowing from the adjacent raised portions. Since the fuel gas has a lateral vortex due to the inclination of the raised portion and the combustion gas flows away from the side wall surface, heat loss can be reduced.

側壁面に隆起部が設けられた形態において、前記隆起部の個数が、前記噴孔の個数の倍数であり、前記燃料噴射弁が、互いに隣接しない隆起部に向けて燃料を噴射してもよい（請求項３）。この形態によれば、燃料ガスが衝突する隆起部の間には燃料ガスが衝突しない隆起部があるので、隆起部に衝突した燃焼ガスは左右方向に流れて凸部に沿って流れることになるが、その衝突しない隆起部で他の隆起部から流れてきた燃焼ガスと合流する。隆起部による傾斜面により横渦が生じ燃焼ガスが側壁面から離れるように流れるので熱損失を低減できる。   In the form in which the ridges are provided on the side wall surface, the number of the ridges is a multiple of the number of the injection holes, and the fuel injection valve may inject fuel toward the ridges not adjacent to each other. (Claim 3). According to this aspect, since there is a raised portion where the fuel gas does not collide between the raised portions where the fuel gas collides, the combustion gas colliding with the raised portion flows in the left-right direction and flows along the convex portion. However, it merges with the combustion gas that has flowed from the other ridges at the ridges that do not collide. Since the horizontal vortex is generated by the inclined surface by the raised portion and the combustion gas flows away from the side wall surface, heat loss can be reduced.

以上、説明したように、本発明の直接噴射式内燃機関においては、燃料噴射弁から噴射された燃料は着火して燃焼ガスとなり凸部の上方の側壁面に衝突する。燃焼ガスは凸部に沿って周方向に移動し、下向きの流れが抑制される。従って、燃焼ガスのキャビティの底面への回り込みを防止することで、底面での放熱を防止し、熱損失を低減できる。よって、熱効率が向上する。   As described above, in the direct injection internal combustion engine of the present invention, the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve is ignited to become combustion gas and collides with the side wall surface above the convex portion. The combustion gas moves in the circumferential direction along the convex portion, and the downward flow is suppressed. Therefore, by preventing the combustion gas from entering the bottom surface of the cavity, heat dissipation at the bottom surface can be prevented and heat loss can be reduced. Therefore, thermal efficiency is improved.

本発明の一形態に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図。The top view of the piston which comprises the direct injection type internal combustion engine which concerns on one form of this invention. 図１のII−II線に沿って切断した断面図。Sectional drawing cut | disconnected along the II-II line | wire of FIG. 第１の変形例に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図。The top view of the piston which comprises the direct injection type internal combustion engine which concerns on a 1st modification. 第２の変形例に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図。The top view of the piston which comprises the direct injection type internal combustion engine which concerns on a 2nd modification.

図１に本発明の一形態に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図を示し、図２に図１のII−II線に沿って切断した断面図を示す。直接噴射式内燃機関（内燃機関と省略することがある。）１は、車両に走行用動力源として搭載され、複数の気筒を備えたものである。各気筒内には、ピストン２が往復動自在に挿入されている。ピストン２の上面２ａには、上面２ａに対して後退するように凹んだキャビティ３が形成されている。キャビティ３は、円筒形状に凹んでいる。図２に示すように、キャビティ３の底面３ａは中心部が突出し、半径方向外側に向かうにつれ後退した円錐形状を有している。キャビティ３の側壁面３ｂには、ピストン２の軸線ＡＸ方向の回りの周方向に沿って凸部４が設けられている。凸部４の断面は四角形状であり、底面３ａの円錐形状の斜面に沿って傾斜して設けられていてもよい。   FIG. 1 shows a top view of a piston constituting a direct injection internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. A direct injection internal combustion engine (sometimes abbreviated as an internal combustion engine) 1 is mounted on a vehicle as a driving power source and includes a plurality of cylinders. In each cylinder, a piston 2 is reciprocally inserted. A cavity 3 is formed in the upper surface 2a of the piston 2 so as to be recessed with respect to the upper surface 2a. The cavity 3 is recessed in a cylindrical shape. As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom surface 3 a of the cavity 3 has a conical shape that protrudes from the center and recedes toward the outside in the radial direction. On the side wall surface 3 b of the cavity 3, a convex portion 4 is provided along the circumferential direction around the axis AX direction of the piston 2. The cross section of the convex portion 4 is a quadrangular shape, and may be provided inclined along a conical slope of the bottom surface 3a.

キャビティ３は気筒とともに燃焼室を構成している。キャビティ３に対向して燃料噴射弁５が設けられ、燃焼室に燃料を供給する。燃料噴射弁５には、複数の噴孔（図１に示す形態においては６個）が設けられ、各噴孔から噴射される燃料で燃料噴射領域Ａが満たされる。各噴孔から噴射される燃料は、凸部４よりも上方の側壁面３ｂに衝突するように噴射される。   The cavity 3 constitutes a combustion chamber together with the cylinder. A fuel injection valve 5 is provided facing the cavity 3 to supply fuel to the combustion chamber. The fuel injection valve 5 is provided with a plurality of injection holes (six in the form shown in FIG. 1), and the fuel injection region A is filled with fuel injected from each injection hole. The fuel injected from each injection hole is injected so as to collide with the side wall surface 3b above the convex portion 4.

次にピストン２が適用された内燃機関１の作用を説明する。燃料噴射弁５から燃料が噴射されると自然発火して燃焼ガスが生じ、燃料ガスの流れはキャビティ３の側壁面３ｂに衝突する。燃焼ガスは、凸部４に沿って左右方向に分かれて周方向に移動し、これにより下向きの流れは抑制される。燃焼ガスが接触する場所は凸部４の上部領域Ｂに留まり、接触領域の縮小により熱損失を低減している。また、高温の燃焼ガスあるいは火炎Ｆは、生じた横渦により各燃料噴射領域Ａ間に移動し、キャビティ３の底面３ａに沿って流れることはない。従って、燃焼ガスのキャビティ３の底面３ａへの回り込みを防止することで、キャビティ３の底面３ａでの放熱を防止して、熱損失を低減できる。   Next, the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 to which the piston 2 is applied will be described. When fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve 5, it spontaneously ignites to generate combustion gas, and the flow of the fuel gas collides with the side wall surface 3 b of the cavity 3. The combustion gas is divided in the left-right direction along the convex portion 4 and moves in the circumferential direction, thereby suppressing the downward flow. The place where the combustion gas comes into contact remains in the upper region B of the convex portion 4, and heat loss is reduced by reducing the contact region. Further, the high-temperature combustion gas or flame F moves between the fuel injection regions A due to the generated lateral vortex and does not flow along the bottom surface 3 a of the cavity 3. Therefore, by preventing the combustion gas from entering the bottom surface 3a of the cavity 3, heat dissipation at the bottom surface 3a of the cavity 3 can be prevented, and heat loss can be reduced.

本発明は、上述した形態に限定されることなく、種々の形態にて実施することができる。例えば、本形態では、断面が円形状のキャビティ３で説明したがこれに限られない。キャビティの側壁面に複数の隆起部を設けるようにしてもよい。図３に第１の変形例に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図を示す。なお、以下の説明において上述した形態と同様の構成については同様の参照符号を付して説明を省略する。ピストン２Ａにおいて、キャビティ３Ａの側壁面３Ａｂには、軸線方向に沿って隆起した複数の隆起部１１が設けられ、互いに隣り合う隆起部１１の間の窪み部１２と隆起部１１とが周方向に交互に配置される。第１の変形例では、燃料噴射弁５の噴孔の個数と隆起部１１の個数とが一致する。また、キャビティ３Ａの側壁面３Ａｂには凸部４Ａがピストン２Ａの周方向に沿って設けられている。燃料噴射弁５の各噴孔から隆起部１１に向けて燃料が噴射されると、燃料に着火して生じた燃焼ガスが凸部４Ａよりも上方の隆起部１１に衝突する。そうすると、燃焼ガスは、左右方向に分かれて凸部４Ａに沿って周方向に案内され、窪み部１２に向けて移動する。これによりキャビティ３Ａ内には横渦が生じ、燃焼ガスは窪み部１２で合流してさらに側壁面３Ａｂから離れる方向に流れる。従って、燃焼ガスがキャビティ３Ａの側壁面３Ａｂに接触する領域が小さくなるので、燃料ガスが放熱する機会が減少し、熱損失を低減できる。よって、熱効率が向上する。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described form and can be implemented in various forms. For example, in the present embodiment, the cavity 3 having a circular cross section has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. A plurality of raised portions may be provided on the side wall surface of the cavity. FIG. 3 shows a top view of a piston constituting the direct injection internal combustion engine according to the first modification. In the following description, components similar to those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. In the piston 2A, the side wall surface 3Ab of the cavity 3A is provided with a plurality of raised portions 11 raised along the axial direction, and the recessed portions 12 and the raised portions 11 between the raised portions 11 adjacent to each other are provided in the circumferential direction. Alternatingly arranged. In the first modification, the number of injection holes of the fuel injection valve 5 and the number of raised portions 11 are the same. A convex portion 4A is provided on the side wall surface 3Ab of the cavity 3A along the circumferential direction of the piston 2A. When fuel is injected from each nozzle hole of the fuel injection valve 5 toward the raised portion 11, the combustion gas generated by igniting the fuel collides with the raised portion 11 above the convex portion 4A. If it does so, combustion gas will be divided into the left-right direction, will be guided to the circumferential direction along 4 A of convex parts, and will move toward the hollow part 12. FIG. As a result, a horizontal vortex is generated in the cavity 3A, and the combustion gas merges in the recess 12 and further flows away from the side wall surface 3Ab. Therefore, since the area where the combustion gas contacts the side wall surface 3Ab of the cavity 3A becomes small, the opportunity for the heat radiation of the fuel gas is reduced, and the heat loss can be reduced. Therefore, thermal efficiency is improved.

図４に第２の変形例に係る直接噴射式内燃機関を構成するピストンの上面図を示す。ピストン２Ｂにおいて、キャビティ３Ｂの側壁面３Ｂｂには、複数の隆起部１３が設けられ、互いに隣り合う隆起部１３の間の窪み部１４と隆起部１３とが周方向に交互に配置される。第２の変形例では、隆起部１３の個数は、燃料噴射弁５の噴孔の個数の２倍に設定されている。また、キャビティ３Ｂの側壁面３Ｂｂには、周方向に沿って凸部４Ｂが設けられている。燃料噴射弁５の各噴孔から互いに隣接しない隆起部１３に向けて、図４の例では一つおきの間隔で凸部４Ｂの上方の側壁面３Ｂｂに向けて噴射される。そうすると、燃焼ガスは凸部４Ｂよりも上方で隆起部１３に衝突し、左右方向に分かれて凸部４Ｂに沿って周方向に流れる。そして燃焼ガスは噴射対象の隆起部１３の間にある隆起部１３付近で合流するので、その直前の窪み部１４により生じる横渦は、第１の変形例に比べるとさらに側壁面３Ｂｂから離れるように流れる。従って、燃焼ガスのキャビティ３Ｂ表面との接触を抑制して、熱損失を低減できる。   FIG. 4 shows a top view of a piston constituting a direct injection internal combustion engine according to a second modification. In the piston 2B, a plurality of raised portions 13 are provided on the side wall surface 3Bb of the cavity 3B, and the recessed portions 14 and the raised portions 13 between the adjacent raised portions 13 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. In the second modification, the number of the raised portions 13 is set to be twice the number of injection holes of the fuel injection valve 5. Moreover, the convex part 4B is provided in the side wall surface 3Bb of the cavity 3B along the circumferential direction. Injected from each injection hole of the fuel injection valve 5 toward the raised portions 13 that are not adjacent to each other toward the side wall surface 3Bb above the convex portion 4B at every other interval in the example of FIG. If it does so, combustion gas will collide with the protruding part 13 above the convex part 4B, will be divided into the left-right direction, and will flow to the circumferential direction along the convex part 4B. Since the combustion gas merges in the vicinity of the raised portion 13 between the raised portions 13 to be injected, the lateral vortex generated by the immediately preceding depression 14 is further away from the side wall surface 3Bb than in the first modification. Flowing into. Therefore, the contact of the combustion gas with the surface of the cavity 3B can be suppressed, and heat loss can be reduced.

本形態では、凸部４の断面を四角形状として説明したがこれに限られず、半円形の断面やリブのようにする等適宜の形状に変更が可能である。側壁面３ｂに対して下向きに燃焼ガスが流れることにより生じる縦渦を防止するように凸部４が設けられていればよい。軸線ＡＸ方向に対して垂直に凸部４が設けられている形態で説明したがこれに限られず、例えば、周方向に沿って波型としたり、軸線ＡＸ方向に対して傾斜したりしていてもよい。キャビティ３の側壁面３ｂにおいて下向きの流れを抑制するように凸部４が設けられていればよく、キャビティの形状に応じて適宜の変更が可能である。また、第２の変形例における隆起部１３の個数は、燃料噴射弁５の噴孔の個数の３倍以上の倍数であってもよい。   In the present embodiment, the cross section of the convex portion 4 has been described as a quadrangular shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be changed to an appropriate shape such as a semicircular cross section or a rib. The convex part 4 should just be provided so that the vertical vortex which arises when combustion gas flows downward with respect to the side wall surface 3b may be prevented. Although the embodiment has been described in which the convex portion 4 is provided perpendicular to the axis AX direction, the present invention is not limited to this. Also good. The convex part 4 should just be provided so that the downward flow may be suppressed in the side wall surface 3b of the cavity 3, and a suitable change is possible according to the shape of a cavity. Further, the number of the raised portions 13 in the second modified example may be a multiple of three or more times the number of injection holes of the fuel injection valve 5.

１ 直接噴射式内燃機関
２ ピストン
３ キャビティ
３ｂ 側壁面
４ 凸部
５ 燃料噴射弁
Ａ 燃料噴射領域 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Direct injection type internal combustion engine 2 Piston 3 Cavity 3b Side wall surface 4 Convex part 5 Fuel injection valve A Fuel injection area | region

Claims (3)

気筒内に設置される燃料噴射弁と、前記気筒の燃焼室の一部を構成すべくピストンに形成されたキャビティと、を備えた直接噴射式内燃機関であって、
前記キャビティを形成する側壁面には、前記ピストンの軸線方向の回りに沿って形成された凸部が設けられ、前記燃料噴射弁が、前記凸部よりも上方の側壁面に向けて燃料を噴射する直接噴射式内燃機関。 A direct injection internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injection valve installed in a cylinder, and a cavity formed in a piston to constitute a part of a combustion chamber of the cylinder,
The side wall surface forming the cavity is provided with a convex portion formed around the axial direction of the piston, and the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the side wall surface above the convex portion. Direct injection internal combustion engine. 前記燃料噴射弁には、複数の噴孔が設けられ、前記側壁面には、前記軸線方向に沿って形成された複数の隆起部が設けられ、
前記燃料噴射弁が、前記隆起部に向けて燃料を噴射する請求項１に記載の直接噴射式内燃機関。 The fuel injection valve is provided with a plurality of injection holes, and the side wall surface is provided with a plurality of raised portions formed along the axial direction.
The direct injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the raised portion. 前記隆起部の個数が、前記噴孔の個数の倍数であり、前記燃料噴射弁が、互いに隣接しない隆起部に向けて燃料を噴射する請求項２に記載の直接噴射式内燃機関。   3. The direct injection internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the number of the raised portions is a multiple of the number of the injection holes, and the fuel injection valve injects fuel toward the raised portions that are not adjacent to each other.
JP2011118345A 2011-05-26 2011-05-26 Direct injection internal combustion engine Pending JP2012246816A (en)

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