JP2004171859A - Quadrupole type mass spectrometer - Google Patents

Quadrupole type mass spectrometer Download PDF

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JP2004171859A
JP2004171859A JP2002334898A JP2002334898A JP2004171859A JP 2004171859 A JP2004171859 A JP 2004171859A JP 2002334898 A JP2002334898 A JP 2002334898A JP 2002334898 A JP2002334898 A JP 2002334898A JP 2004171859 A JP2004171859 A JP 2004171859A
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Prior art keywords
electrode
orifice
mass spectrometer
ionization
quadrupole mass
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JP2002334898A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Seiji Hiroki
成治 廣木
Tetsuya Abe
哲也 阿部
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Japan Atomic Energy Agency
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Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem wherein, when cleavage patterns caused by various kinds of organic gases are superimposed on one another, interpretation of a mass spectrum of what kinds of an organic gases are emitted becomes extremely difficult. <P>SOLUTION: In order to solve the above problem, this application is related to a technique used for accomplishing high sensitivity to the extent hardly causing the cleavage pattern of the mass spectrum caused by a low ionization voltage, and capable of analyzing a concentration below 1 ppm when a quadrupole type mass spectrometer using electron shock for ionization is used in an analysis of a gas constituent flowing in a vacuum vessel from its outside due to leakage or the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、真空容器内のガス成分を分析する質量分析計に属し、特に、真空リークの有無などを常時監視するための高感度四極子質量分析計に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
以下、図2をもとに従来の四極子質量分析計を説明する。真空容器(18)内の残留ガス成分を分析するには、四極子形質量分析計のガス導入口(28)をターボ分子ポンプ(19)と粗引ポンプ(20)からなる真空排気系の上流側に設け、真空ポンプ(26)で排気しながら系内を<5×10−3Paとする。
【0003】
かかる状態にて、熱フィラメント(21)にて電子ビーム(22)を生成し、ガス導入口(28)から導入されたガスをイオン化し、イオン化されたガスをイオン収束用電極(23)で収束した後、四極子電極(24)に入射し、特定の質量一電荷数比(m/e)を有するイオンのみが出口側に到達する。出口側のイオンは、二次電子増倍管(25)で10〜10まで増倍され、信号(27)として外部に取り出される。このような分析計については、四極子マスフィルタなる名称で、70eV程度の熱電子衝撃によるイオン化を用いた従来技術が、例えば、非特許文献1等に開示されている。
【0004】
【非特許文献1】
金持徹著、「真空技術ハンドブック」、日刊工業新聞社、1990年3月3日発行、P.377
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図2の従来技術で示す真空容器(18)内の壁面には、大気の主成分である窒素や酸素等の他、極微量の有機物ガス等が吸着していると考えられる。従来の四極子形質量分析計では、真空容器(18)からの放出ガス成分を分析するため、熱フィラメント(21)から放出される電子ビーム(22)によりガスをイオン化する方法がとられている。電子ビーム(22)の加速電圧は、通常、窒素の電子衝撃によるイオン化効率が最大となる70V前後に合わせる。
【0006】
しかしながら、有機物ガスは一般にイオン化電圧が数V以下であるため、70V程度の電子ビーム(22)の加速電圧では有機物ガスの分子構造が部分的に分断され、別なm/eを有する分子イオン群が生成する。この分子イオン群の質量分析計によるスペクトルを開裂パターンと呼ぶが、いろいろな有機物ガスに起因する開裂パターンが重なると、どのような種類の有機物ガスが放出されているのかという質量スペクトルの解釈がきわめて困難となってしまう。
【0007】
図4は従来技術によるアンモニア(NH)の検出例である。アンモニアは有機物ガスではないが、イオン化電圧が10V以下で、電子衝撃により、容易に開裂パターンを生じるガスとして知られている。 図4では、空気中に10ppmのアンモニアを混入させたガスを真空容器(18)内にリークさせた場合であるが、空気中の水蒸気(HO,m/e=18)が70eVの電子ビーム衝撃により、一部がOH(m/e=17)とH(m/e=1)に開裂するため、本来のNH(m/e=17)のイオン電流信号とOH(m/e=17)のイオン電流信号が重なってしまい、アンモニア(NH)の高感度検出が困難である。
【0008】
なお、アンモニアのリーク開始直後にm/e=17とm/e=18のイオン電流強度が共に一時的に減少し、再び増加するのは、NHが70eVの電子ビーム衝撃によりNH(m/e=18)、その他に開裂しているためと考えられる。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記のような課題を克服するためになされたものであり、真空容器の外部からリークなどで流入するガス成分の分析において、電子衝撃をイオン化に用いた四極子形質量分析計を使う場合、イオン化電圧が小さいことに起因する質量スペクトルの開裂パターンの発生が少なく、かつ、1ppm以下の濃度を分析できる程度の高感度化を達成する技術に関するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、被分析ガスをイオン化部でイオン化し、そのイオンを四極子電極部に入射し、ある特定の質量一電荷数比(m/e)のイオンのみが四極子電極部を通過し、通過後イオンをイオン検出部で検出するようにした四極子形質量分析計において、イオン化部にホロー電極と針電極を備え、かつ、該ホロー電極の片側開放端をオリフィス板で塞ぎ、このオリフィス付ホロー電極と針電極との間に直流、あるいは交流の高電圧を印加してグロー放電を生じさせて被分析イオンを生成することからなる四極子形質量分析計に関するものである。
【0011】
被分析ガスである有機物ガスは、一般にイオン化電圧が数V以下であるため、数10V程度の電子ビームの加速電圧で有機物ガスの分子構造が部分的に分断され、別なm/eを有する分子イオン群が生成し、質量分析計のスペクトルに開裂パターンを発生させ、いろいろな有機物ガスに起因する開裂パターンが重なると、どのような種類の有機物ガスが放出されているのかを識別するのが困難になる。
【0012】
本発明によれば、四極子形質量分析計において、イオン化部にホロー電極と針電極を設け、該ホロー電極の片側開放端をオリフィス板で塞ぎ、このオリフィス付ホロー電極と針電極との間に直流、あるいは交流の高電圧を印加してグロー放電を生じさせて被分析イオンを生成することにより、該開裂パターンの発生を防ぎ、イオン化電圧が小さいアンモニア等の検出においても、高感度検出を可能とすることができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、図1を例に本発明の一実施例を説明する。真空容器(16)を真空排気するためにターボ分子ポンプ(6)と粗引ポンプ(7)を用いる。本発明による四極子形質量分析計のガス導入口(17)は、ターボ分子ポンプ(6)の吐出口側に接続する。針電極(2)にはオリフィス付ホロー電極(3)に対し、最大+10kVの直流高電圧を印加し、オリフィス付ホロー電極(3)のオリフィス径を0.1mmとした。 環状磁石(4)の中心磁場は0.3Tだった。
【0014】
かかる構造にて、空気に10ppmのアンモニアを混入したガスを真空容器(16)内にリークさせたところ、放電室(5)の圧力が約2×10Paとなり、安定なグロー放電(1)が発生した。また、中間排気室(10)の圧力は10Pa、四極子電極部以降は5×10−3Paとなった。
【0015】
図3に、本発明の四極子形質量分析計によるアンモニアの検出例を示す。アンモニア導入前は、HO(m/e=18)が検出されているにもかかわらずm/e=17のイオン電流はゼロであり、アンモニア導入直後にm/e=17が増加し、この結果によれば0.1ppm程度まで検出可能であることがわっかった。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、イオン化電圧が小さいアンモニア等、あるいは有機物ガス等の検出において、開裂ピークの少ない、高感度検出が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を説明するための四極子形質量分析計の図である。
【図2】従来技術を説明するための一例である。
【図3】本発明によるアンモニアの検出例である。
【図4】従来技術によるアンモニアの検出例である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mass spectrometer for analyzing gas components in a vacuum vessel, and more particularly to a high-sensitivity quadrupole mass spectrometer for constantly monitoring the presence or absence of a vacuum leak.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Hereinafter, a conventional quadrupole mass spectrometer will be described with reference to FIG. In order to analyze the residual gas components in the vacuum vessel (18), the gas inlet (28) of the quadrupole mass spectrometer is connected to the upstream of a vacuum exhaust system comprising a turbo molecular pump (19) and a roughing pump (20). And the inside of the system is set to <5 × 10 −3 Pa while evacuating with a vacuum pump (26).
[0003]
In this state, an electron beam (22) is generated by the hot filament (21), the gas introduced from the gas inlet (28) is ionized, and the ionized gas is focused by the ion focusing electrode (23). After that, the light enters the quadrupole electrode (24), and only ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m / e) reach the exit side. The ions on the exit side are multiplied to 10 4 to 10 6 by the secondary electron multiplier (25), and are taken out as a signal (27). For such an analyzer, a conventional technique using ionization by a thermal electron bombardment of about 70 eV under the name of a quadrupole mass filter is disclosed in, for example, Non-Patent Document 1.
[0004]
[Non-patent document 1]
Toru Kanemochi, "Vacuum Technology Handbook", Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, March 3, 1990, p. 377
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is considered that, in addition to nitrogen and oxygen which are main components of the atmosphere, a trace amount of organic gas and the like are adsorbed on the wall surface inside the vacuum vessel (18) shown in the prior art of FIG. In a conventional quadrupole mass spectrometer, a method of ionizing gas by an electron beam (22) emitted from a hot filament (21) is used to analyze a gas component emitted from a vacuum vessel (18). . The accelerating voltage of the electron beam (22) is generally adjusted to around 70 V at which the ionization efficiency of nitrogen by electron impact becomes maximum.
[0006]
However, since the organic gas generally has an ionization voltage of several volts or less, the molecular structure of the organic gas is partially divided at an accelerating voltage of the electron beam (22) of about 70 V, and a molecular ion group having another m / e is obtained. Is generated. The spectrum of this molecular ion group measured by a mass spectrometer is called a cleavage pattern.If the cleavage patterns caused by various organic gases overlap, it is extremely difficult to interpret the mass spectrum as to what kind of organic gas is released. It will be difficult.
[0007]
FIG. 4 shows an example of detection of ammonia (NH 3 ) according to the related art. Ammonia is not an organic gas, but is known as a gas having an ionization voltage of 10 V or less and easily generating a cleavage pattern by electron impact. FIG. 4 shows a case where a gas in which 10 ppm of ammonia is mixed in air is leaked into the vacuum vessel (18), and the water vapor (H 2 O, m / e = 18) in the air is an electron of 70 eV. Due to the beam impact, a portion is cleaved into OH (m / e = 17) and H (m / e = 1), so that the original ion current signal of NH 3 (m / e = 17) and OH (m / e) = 17) overlap, making it difficult to detect ammonia (NH 3 ) with high sensitivity.
[0008]
Immediately after the start of the ammonia leak, the ion current intensities of m / e = 17 and m / e = 18 both temporarily decrease and increase again because NH 3 is irradiated with NH 4 (m / E = 18), which is thought to be due to other cleavage.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to overcome the above-described problems, and uses a quadrupole mass spectrometer that uses electron bombardment for ionization in analyzing a gas component that flows in from the outside of a vacuum vessel due to a leak or the like. In this case, the present invention relates to a technique for reducing the occurrence of a cleavage pattern of a mass spectrum due to a small ionization voltage and achieving high sensitivity such that a concentration of 1 ppm or less can be analyzed.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the gas to be analyzed is ionized in the ionization section, the ions are incident on the quadrupole electrode section, and only ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m / e) pass through the quadrupole electrode section, In a quadrupole mass spectrometer in which ions are detected by an ion detection unit after passing, a hollow electrode and a needle electrode are provided in the ionization unit, and one open end of the hollow electrode is closed with an orifice plate. The present invention relates to a quadrupole mass spectrometer which generates a glow discharge by applying a high DC or AC voltage between a hollow electrode and a needle electrode to generate ions to be analyzed.
[0011]
Since the organic gas, which is the analyte gas, generally has an ionization voltage of several volts or less, the molecular structure of the organic gas is partially divided by the acceleration voltage of the electron beam of about several tens of volts, and the molecule having another m / e When ions are generated and a cleavage pattern is generated in the spectrum of the mass spectrometer, it is difficult to distinguish what kind of organic gas is emitted when the cleavage patterns caused by various organic gases overlap. become.
[0012]
According to the present invention, in a quadrupole mass spectrometer, a hollow electrode and a needle electrode are provided in the ionization section, one open end of the hollow electrode is closed with an orifice plate, and between the hollow electrode with the orifice and the needle electrode. Applying a high DC or AC voltage to generate glow discharge and generate ions to be analyzed prevents the occurrence of the cleavage pattern, enabling high-sensitivity detection even when detecting ammonia with a small ionization voltage. It can be.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A turbo-molecular pump (6) and a roughing pump (7) are used to evacuate the vacuum container (16). The gas inlet (17) of the quadrupole mass spectrometer according to the invention is connected to the outlet side of the turbo-molecular pump (6). A high DC voltage of up to +10 kV was applied to the needle electrode (2) with respect to the hollow electrode with orifice (3), and the orifice diameter of the hollow electrode with orifice (3) was 0.1 mm. The central magnetic field of the ring magnet (4) was 0.3T.
[0014]
With such a structure, when a gas in which 10 ppm of ammonia is mixed into air is leaked into the vacuum vessel (16), the pressure in the discharge chamber (5) becomes about 2 × 10 4 Pa, and the stable glow discharge (1) There has occurred. The pressure in the intermediate exhaust chamber (10) was 10 Pa, and the pressure after the quadrupole electrode was 5 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0015]
FIG. 3 shows an example of ammonia detection by the quadrupole mass spectrometer of the present invention. Before the introduction of ammonia, the ion current at m / e = 17 is zero despite the detection of H 2 O (m / e = 18), and immediately after the introduction of ammonia, m / e = 17 increases, According to this result, it was found that detection was possible up to about 0.1 ppm.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the detection of ammonia etc. with a small ionization voltage, or an organic substance gas, it becomes possible to perform high sensitivity detection with a small cleavage peak.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a quadrupole mass spectrometer for explaining one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an example for explaining a conventional technique.
FIG. 3 is an example of detection of ammonia according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an example of ammonia detection according to the prior art.

Claims (7)

被分析ガスをイオン化部でイオン化し、そのイオンを四極子電極部に入射し、ある特定の質量−電荷数比(m/e)のイオンのみが四極子電極部を通過し、通過後イオンをイオン検出部で検出するようにした四極子形質量分析計において、イオン化部にホロー電極と針電極を備え、かつ、該ホロー電極の片側開放端をオリフィス板で塞ぎ、このオリフィス付ホロー電極と針電極との間に直流、あるいは交流の高電圧を印加してグロー放電を生じさせて被分析イオンを生成することを特徴とする四極子形質量分析計。The analyte gas is ionized in the ionization section, and the ions are incident on the quadrupole electrode section. Only ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m / e) pass through the quadrupole electrode section. In a quadrupole mass spectrometer configured to be detected by an ion detection unit, a hollow electrode and a needle electrode are provided in the ionization unit, and one open end of the hollow electrode is closed with an orifice plate. A quadrupole mass spectrometer characterized in that a high voltage of direct current or alternating current is applied between the electrodes to generate glow discharge to generate ions to be analyzed. イオン化部の該オリフィス付ホロー電極と該針電極との間のグロー放電で生成したイオンを四極子電極部まで効率的に輸送し、該電極部へ入射するため、該オリフィス付ホロー電極と四極子電極部の間に、1個以上のオリフィス電極を追加し、該オリフィス付ホロー電極と追加オリフィス電極の間を真空ポンプで排気することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の四極子形質量分析計。The ion generated by the glow discharge between the hollow electrode with orifice and the needle electrode of the ionization part is efficiently transported to the quadrupole electrode part and is incident on the electrode part. The quadrupole mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein one or more orifice electrodes are added between the electrode portions, and the space between the hollow electrode with orifice and the additional orifice electrode is evacuated by a vacuum pump. . イオン化部の該オリフィス付ホロー電極と追加オリフィス電極のそれぞれに直流電圧を印加して、該オリフィス付ホロー電極と追加オリフィス電極の間にイオン加速用電界を形成するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の四極子形質量分析計。A DC voltage is applied to each of the hollow electrode with an orifice and the additional orifice electrode of the ionization section to form an electric field for ion acceleration between the hollow electrode with an orifice and the additional orifice electrode. Item 4. A quadrupole mass spectrometer according to Item 2. イオン化部の該オリフィス付ホロー電極の周囲に環状磁場を配設してグロー放電の開始、及び維持を容易にしたことを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3に記載の四極子形質量分析計。4. The quadrupole mass spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein an annular magnetic field is arranged around the hollow electrode with an orifice in the ionization section to facilitate initiation and maintenance of a glow discharge. . 被分析ガスを、該オリフィス付ホロー電極と該針電極の間でのグロー放電が可能となる圧力領域まで昇圧するために、真空ポンプをイオン化部の前段に配設したことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3又は4に記載の四極子形質量分析計。A vacuum pump is provided in front of the ionization section to raise the gas to be analyzed to a pressure range in which glow discharge is possible between the hollow electrode with orifice and the needle electrode. The quadrupole mass spectrometer according to 1, 2, 3, or 4. イオン化部の前段に配設する真空ポンプとして分子ポンプを使うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の四極子形質量分析計。The quadrupole mass spectrometer according to claim 5, wherein a molecular pump is used as a vacuum pump disposed before the ionization unit. イオン化部の前段に配設する真空ポンプとして拡散ポンプを使うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の四極子形質量分析計。6. The quadrupole mass spectrometer according to claim 5, wherein a diffusion pump is used as a vacuum pump disposed before the ionization section.
JP2002334898A 2002-11-19 2002-11-19 Quadrupole type mass spectrometer Pending JP2004171859A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102573260A (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-07-11 上海华质生物技术有限公司 Generating device of plasma ion source
JP2017527078A (en) * 2014-09-04 2017-09-14 レコ コーポレイションLeco Corporation Soft ionization based on the adjustable glow discharge method for quantitative analysis
CN109459192A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-03-12 北京东方计量测试研究所 A kind of molecular flow sampling system and control method based on comparison method calibration positive pressure leak hole
CN109580759A (en) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-05 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of quadrupole mass spectrometer

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102573260A (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-07-11 上海华质生物技术有限公司 Generating device of plasma ion source
JP2017527078A (en) * 2014-09-04 2017-09-14 レコ コーポレイションLeco Corporation Soft ionization based on the adjustable glow discharge method for quantitative analysis
US10192723B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2019-01-29 Leco Corporation Soft ionization based on conditioned glow discharge for quantitative analysis
US10373814B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2019-08-06 Leco Corporation Soft ionization based on conditioned glow discharge for quantitative analysis
CN109580759A (en) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-05 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of quadrupole mass spectrometer
CN109459192A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-03-12 北京东方计量测试研究所 A kind of molecular flow sampling system and control method based on comparison method calibration positive pressure leak hole

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