JP2004167477A - Melting device for turning total amount of various waste products into pollution-free resource - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technically excellent and economical melting device for turning a total amount of various waste products into pollution-free resources by improving the efficiency of a waste treatment process. <P>SOLUTION: This melting device comprises a melting furnace 110 in which a high-temperature heating layer 111, a light molten material layer 112 and a heavy molten material layer 113 are formed and the one side of which has a discharge opening 114 for runout materials through which light/heavy molten materials are discharged, a combustion heating means for melting uncombustible inorganic materials produced by completely combusting unburnt residuals contained in ashes sent in the high-temperature heating layer 111, a crucible furnace 140 which holds the light/heavy molten material layers 112, 113, an automatic separation and discharge means for constantly maintaining the liquid level of the molten materials in the crucible furnace 140 by automatically discharging the light/heavy molten materials upon their formation in the furnace 140, and an auxiliary heat source supply means for providing an auxiliary heat source to the lower part of the crucible furnace 140 so as to prevent the solidification of the molten materials. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus for converting the entire amount of waste into a non-polluting resource. More specifically, in the waste, organic substances are partially burned, and the remainder is converted into a fuel gas by pyrolysis. The present invention relates to a melting apparatus for melting inorganic materials at a high temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher and recycling them as non-polluting aggregates, thereby converting all kinds of waste materials into non-polluting resources.

  In the general waste treatment process, the amount of heat generated when burning waste with air is recovered as much as possible, harmful substances are removed below the legal standard value, combustion gases are released to the atmosphere, and the waste is generated by combustion of waste. And solidifying the non-combustible ash (incinerated ash) and fly ash. In this case, secondary environmental pollution such as air pollution due to harmful substances remaining in the combustion gas released into the atmosphere and soil pollution due to the reclamation of solidified incinerated ash is a major problem. The development of new technologies for material processing is required.

  In response to such demands, the present inventors have developed a waste treatment process and apparatus as a technology for converting almost all of various wastes into non-polluting resources (Korean Patent Application No. 0061057, October 2002). The most essential technology among the processing steps and the apparatus is a technique relating to a melting apparatus.

  As an example of a currently known melting device, there is a melting device developed by Nippon Steel Corporation in the late 1970's and currently commercialized. The melting device puts coke into a molten layer and converts the coke to a high concentration. It is characterized in that high-temperature heat required for melting is obtained by burning using a mixed gas of oxygen and air.

  Another well-known example is the Thermoselect Process, which was developed since the early 1990s and is now commercialized, which uses the waste itself and auxiliary fuel only with pure oxygen. It is characterized by burning and melting at a high temperature of about 2000 ° C.

  However, in such a conventional waste treatment process, the melt is usually easily solidified at the bottom of the melting furnace, so that the operation cannot be performed smoothly and is unstable. There may be disadvantages that the life of the furnace material is shortened and the availability is reduced.

  In addition, a melting process using a plasma, a melting process using a brown gas (mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen), a melting process using a resistance heating method using electric power, and the like have been proposed. Currently, it is not at a satisfactory level.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and in waste, the entire amount of inorganic substances is melted, then water-granulated and recycled as non-polluting aggregate, and the entire amount of organic substances is reduced. During the entire process of recycling as fuel gas, the development of a new configuration and manufacturing technology of the melting device, which is the core device, improves the efficiency of the entire process of waste disposal, and various types of waste with excellent technical and economical efficiency It is an object of the present invention to provide a melting apparatus capable of converting all of the materials into pollution-free resources.

  In order to achieve such an object, in a melting apparatus for converting all amounts of various wastes according to the present invention into a non-polluting resource, a high-temperature heating layer is formed by combustion of an auxiliary fuel gas, and a light melt of sediment and sand is formed. Furnace in which a layer and a heavy melt layer of metals are melt-formed, and a tap hole for discharging the light melt and the heavy melt is perforated on one side; and a high-temperature heating of the melting furnace. By generating combustion heat of a predetermined temperature or more in the layer, the unburned residue in the ash that flows into the high-temperature heating layer in a preheated state is completely burned with oxygen, and the non-flammable inorganic substance is melted. Heating means, a crucible furnace installed at a lower inner portion of the refractory material for containing the light melt layer and the heavy melt layer, and the light melt layer and the heavy melt through one side of the crucible furnace Layer communicates with the tapping outlet The light melt and the heavy melt contained in the crucible furnace are automatically discharged according to the principle of siphon so that the liquid level of the melt in the crucible furnace is kept constant. Means for automatically separating and discharging the melt to be maintained, and means for providing an auxiliary heat source at a predetermined temperature so as to prevent the melt from solidifying at the lower part and the side of the crucible furnace, the auxiliary heat source providing means being provided outside the lower part and the side of the crucible furnace. , Are included.

In the melting apparatus for converting the entire amount of various wastes into a non-polluting resource according to the present invention, a high temperature is easily obtained because oxygen is used instead of air, and the combustion / pyrolysis performance becomes excellent. Compared to incinerators that use air, the amount of generated gas can be reduced to 1/6 or less, and the source of nitrogen oxides can be fundamentally blocked, significantly reducing construction costs, operating costs, and installation space. There is. In addition, it is possible to simultaneously produce useful products such as fuel gas, non-polluting aggregates and metals by performing partial combustion and thermal decomposition instead of complete combustion with oxygen, so that the entire amount of waste can be turned into resources. effective.
In addition, the molten material is automatically separated and discharged by the reheating furnace, and the crucible furnace and its protection means provide excellent stability, easiness of operation and durability of high-temperature refractory materials, thereby improving the operation rate and operation. This has the effect of reducing human power dramatically.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an entire process for converting the entire amount of waste according to the present invention into a non-polluting resource, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a melting apparatus according to the present invention.

  As shown in the figure, in the entire waste treatment process according to the present invention, in the waste crushed to an appropriate size through the pretreatment process, non-flammable inorganic substances are provided to the melting furnace, and flammable organic substances are converted into heat. A pyrolysis furnace 10 that decomposes to generate gas, a melting device 100 for melting non-flammable inorganic substances in waste discharged from a lower portion of the pyrolysis furnace 10, and a melting device 100 discharged from an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace 10 A reforming furnace 20 for completely thermally decomposing the pyrolysis gas to be purified, a purification processing section 30 for purifying a gas discharged from the reforming furnace 20 to produce a clean fuel gas, And a wastewater regeneration processing section 40 for regenerating the wastewater generated in 30. Here, the clean fuel gas produced in the refining process unit 30 can be used in the process of the waste treatment apparatus itself, and the clean fuel gas is sent to the outside as necessary. For example, it can be used as a fuel source of the gas boiler 50 for generating steam, or can be used as a fuel source of the gas engine generator 60 for generating electric power.

Next, the configuration of the melting device 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
In the melting apparatus 100 according to the present invention, the high-temperature heating layer 111 formed by the combustion of the auxiliary fuel gas, the light melt layer 112 of earth and sand, and the heavy melt layer 113 of metals are formed due to the difference in specific gravity. And a high-temperature heating layer 111 by supplying high-concentration oxygen to the melting furnace 110 in which a hot water discharge port 114 for discharging a light melt and a heavy melt is formed on one side. By burning the fuel gas and generating combustion heat of 1500 ° C. or more, the unburned residue in the ash flowing into the high-temperature heating layer 111 in a preheated state is completely burned, and the non-flammable inorganic substance is melted. An oxygen burner 120 as a combustion heating means, a high-temperature refractory material 130 surrounded by an inner peripheral wall of the melting furnace 110 at a portion where the oxygen burner 120 is inserted, and a high-temperature refractory material 130 Sex, corrosion resistance excellent for thermal conductivity and the melt, the graphite mass dressing boron carbide with excellent oxidation resistance on the outer wall surface (B ₄ C) as a main component is coated (graphite block), or the The light melt layer 112 and the heavy melt are made of a metal-based material obtained by mixing any one of graphite, molybdenum and tungsten as a coating material, and are processed and manufactured by a solid block. A crucible furnace 140 on which a material layer 113 is formed, and a light melt that is communicated with the light melt layer 112 and the tapping outlet 114 through one side of the crucible furnace 140 to discharge the light melt by the siphon principle. The heavy melt layer 113 and the hot water discharge port 114 are connected to the heavy melt layer 113 and the hot water discharge port 114 through the material discharge passage 150 and the other side of the crucible furnace 140 to discharge the heavy melt by the siphon principle. A heating furnace 170 having a material discharge path 160 and a plurality of heating elements 171 installed outside the lower surface and side surfaces of the crucible furnace 140 and providing an auxiliary heat source at a lower portion of the crucible furnace 140 so as to prevent solidification of the melt. A first temperature measurement sensor 190 that measures the temperature of the high-temperature heating layer 111, a second temperature measurement sensor 200 that measures the temperature of the heating element 171 of the heating furnace 170, and the second temperature measurement sensor 200. And a reheating furnace control device 210 for controlling the temperature of the reheating furnace 170 by automatically controlling the set temperature. Further, a water granulation tank 180 is provided below the hot water outlet 114 of the melting furnace 110 to rapidly cool and crush the discharged melt to produce vitrified pollution-free aggregate. Can be.

  At this time, the positions of the light melt discharge passage 150 and the heavy melt discharge passage 160 are respectively higher than the upper surface of the light melt layer 112 and the upper surface of the heavy melt layer 113, preferably, By being installed so as to pass through a position 50 to 200 mm higher than each upper surface, as soon as the melt is generated, it is automatically separated and discharged according to the siphon principle, and thereby the inside of the crucible furnace 140 Thus, a means for automatically separating and discharging the melt in which the liquid level of the melt is kept constant is formed.

  The heating furnace 170, the heating element 171, the second temperature measurement sensor 200, and the heating furnace control device 210 are provided on the lower and side surfaces of the crucible furnace 140 so that the melt inside the crucible furnace 140 does not solidify. The auxiliary heat source providing means for providing an auxiliary heat source of a predetermined temperature from above, wherein the heating element 171 is formed of a material that can withstand a maximum of 1800 ° C. so that any of the heating elements 171 can be easily replaced during operation. The heating furnace 170 is installed.

  In addition, by controlling the temperature of the inside of the crucible furnace 140 and the outflow passage of the crucible furnace 140 by measuring the temperature with the second temperature measurement sensor 200, the heating furnace control device 210 can stably melt the molten steel.・ Maintain spill condition.

  Further, the reheating furnace 170 provided with the heating element 171 is hermetically sealed so as to minimize the inflow and outflow of the atmosphere, and the melting apparatus 100 is provided with a dry nitrogen gas or a nitrogen gas having a predetermined amount of moisture. The apparatus may further include a nitrogen gas injection device for filling the inside of the reheating furnace 170 with gas.

In addition, a predetermined addition is performed for the purpose of keeping the melting point of the melt in an appropriate temperature range, keeping the flowability of the melt in a good state, and suppressing the erosion of the melt with respect to the refractory material. An agent can be added. The additive is a kind of waste glass, which is a kind of waste. When the waste is injected into the pyrolysis furnace 10, it is mixed and added at an appropriate ratio. The amount of addition is basically about 50% of the amount of inorganic substances contained in the waste, but it can be adjusted by checking the fluidity of the melt discharged. At this time, the additive lowers the melting point of the sandy material (sand; mainly SiO ₂ ) contained in the waste, and prevents the melt of the waste from chemically eroding the surrounding refractory material. It also plays a role in suppressing.

Next, a description will be given of processing steps for converting all amounts of various wastes of the melting apparatus according to the present invention thus constituted into a non-polluting resource.
First, various kinds of waste crushed to an appropriate size through the pretreatment process are put into the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 10. Next, the input waste is brought into contact with a high-temperature hot air stream of 1500 ° C. or more generated by burning fuel gas and waste by high-concentration oxygen supplied from the oxygen burner 120 above the melting furnace 110. As it descends, it goes through a series of evaporation, drying, pyrolysis, and combustion processes. In this process, all combustible organic substances become partially burned and thermally decomposed gas, merge with the ascending airflow and rise again, and non-flammable inorganic substances are melted and melted in the crucible furnace 140 of the melting furnace 110. It will collect inside.

  In this process, the high-temperature hot air stream discharged from the upper part of the melting furnace 100 is required to evaporate and dry the moisture contained in the waste and to thermally decompose the waste while moving up the pyrolysis furnace 10. After providing the heat, it is lowered to a temperature of around 600 ° C. with the partially burned waste and pyrolyzed gases. At this temperature, thermal decomposition is not completely performed, and soot such as carbon fine particles that are not decomposed, heavy hydrocarbons, and dioxin are contained in a considerable amount.

  Therefore, the non-decomposed substance is injected into the reforming furnace 20 again in an appropriate amount of oxygen to burn a part of combustible gas such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide contained in the pyrolysis gas. The temperature is increased to a maximum of 1200 ° C. by the generated combustion heat, and maintained for an appropriate time required for complete pyrolysis, and then sent to the next step.

At this time, the main components of the gas completely thermally decomposed in the reforming furnace 20 are hydrogen (H ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and steam, and dioxin and heavy carbon Almost all of hydrogen and soot are in a decomposed state. However, harmful components such as trace amounts of chlorine (Cl), sulfur (S), and trace amounts of heavy metals that flowed in with the waste were hydrochloric acid gas (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), sulfur dioxide ( The gas is converted into harmful gases such as SO ₂ ) and heavy metal vapor and discharged from the reforming furnace 20 together with the exhaust gas.

  Next, the exhaust gas including the harmful gas discharged from the reforming furnace 20 is subjected to the purification treatment process unit 30 and the wastewater regeneration treatment process unit 40 to prevent the regeneration of the decomposed dioxin, Purification processing steps such as summation, separation, recovery and removal are performed.

  By such a refining process, the organic matter contained in the waste is regenerated into a clean fuel gas of a useful resource, and the clean fuel gas thus produced is used in the process of the waste treatment apparatus. Can be. In addition, the clean fuel gas can be used as a fuel source of the gas boiler 50 for generating steam or a fuel source of the gas engine generator 60 for generating electric power as needed.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the inorganic material flowing from the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 10 to the upper part of the melting furnace 110 is heated by the oxygen burner 120 installed at the upper part of the melting furnace 110 to form a high-temperature refractory material 130. Then, it is completely melted at a temperature of about 1700 ° C. in the combustion space of the high-temperature heating layer 111 surrounded by the high-temperature insulating material, and flows into the crucible furnace 140.

  At this time, the heavy melt of metals having a large specific gravity and the light melt of earth and sand having a small specific gravity are naturally separated into upper and lower layers, whereby the light melt layer 112 and the heavy melt layer 113 are formed. Is done.

  Further, the light melt and the heavy melt separated into the light melt layer 112 and the heavy melt layer 113 are formed by the siphon principle as soon as they are generated so that their liquid levels become constant. The melt is automatically discharged through a light melt discharge passage 150 and a heavy melt discharge passage 160 formed on the side of the crucible furnace 140, respectively. The melt that has flowed out falls into each of the granulation tanks 180 in which room-temperature water is stored through the tapping outlet 114 and is quenched and granulated, whereby metals and vitrification are formed. Recycled into useful pollutant-free aggregate form.

  At this time, the heating element 171 of the auxiliary heating furnace 170 is controlled by the control device 210 such that the melt flowing into the crucible furnace 140 is stably maintained in a molten state with good fluidity without being absolutely solidified. If the melt solidifies, it is quickly melted.

  The temperature of the high-temperature heating layer 111 is measured and controlled by a first temperature measurement sensor 190, and the temperature of the crucible furnace 140 by the heating element 170 is measured and controlled by a second temperature measurement sensor 200.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic block diagram which showed the whole process for making the whole amount of the waste which concerns on this invention non-polluting resources. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a melting device according to the present invention.

Explanation of reference numerals

10: Pyrolysis furnace 20: Reforming furnace 30: Purification treatment process unit 40: Wastewater regeneration treatment process unit 50: Gas boiler 60: Gas engine generator 100: Melting device 110: Melting furnace 111: High temperature heating layer 112: Light melt Layer 113: Heavy melt layer 114: Hot water discharge port 120: Oxygen burner 130: High temperature refractory material 140: Crucible furnace 150: Light melt discharge path 160: Heavy melt discharge path 170: Heating furnace 171: Heating element 180: Granulation tank 190, 200: Temperature measurement sensor 210: Control device

Claims (7)

A high-temperature heating layer is formed by combustion of the auxiliary fuel gas with oxygen, and a light melt layer of earth and sand and a heavy melt layer of metals are melt-formed to discharge the light melt and the heavy melt. A melting furnace in which a tapping outlet is formed on one side;
By generating combustion heat of a predetermined temperature or more in the high-temperature heating layer of the melting furnace, the unburned residue in the ash flowing into the high-temperature heating layer in a preheated state is completely burned by oxygen, and the non-flammable Combustion heating means for melting the inorganic material,
A crucible furnace installed at the lower inside of the refractory material to accommodate the light melt layer and the heavy melt layer,
The light melt layer and the heavy melt layer communicate with the tapping outlet through one side of the crucible furnace, and the light melt and the heavy melt contained in the crucible furnace are automatically separated by the siphon principle. By discharging, automatic separation and discharge means of the melt to maintain a constant liquid level of the melt in the crucible furnace,
Auxiliary heat source providing means that is provided outside the lower surface and side surfaces of the crucible furnace and provides an auxiliary heat source at a predetermined temperature so that the melt does not solidify in the lower portion of the crucible furnace,
A melting device for converting all amounts of various wastes into non-polluting resources.   The crucible furnace is a graphite lump whose outer surface is coated with a coating material mainly composed of boron carbide having excellent oxidation resistance, or a mixture of any one of graphite, molybdenum and tungsten in the coating material. 2. The melting device according to claim 1, wherein the entire amount of the various wastes is formed into a non-polluting resource. The automatic separation and discharge means of the melt,
A light melt discharge path for communicating the light melt layer with the tapping outlet through one side of the crucible furnace, and a heavy melt layer and the taphole outlet through the other side of the crucible furnace. A heavy melt discharge path;
The light melt and the heavy melt are automatically separated and discharged according to the siphon principle as soon as they are generated, so that the liquid level of the melt inside the crucible furnace is maintained constant. A melting apparatus for converting all kinds of wastes according to claim 1 into pollution-free resources. The auxiliary heat source providing means,
An auxiliary heating furnace which is provided outside the lower surface and the side surface of the crucible furnace and is provided with a heating element which provides an auxiliary heat source at a predetermined temperature so that a melt inside the crucible furnace does not solidify,
A temperature measurement sensor for measuring the temperature of the heating element of the heating furnace,
A heating furnace control device that controls the temperature of the heating furnace by automatically controlling a set temperature by the temperature measurement sensor;
2. The melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the entire amount of the various wastes is converted into a non-polluting resource.   5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the reheating furnace is sealed so that inflow and outflow of the atmosphere is minimized, and is filled with nitrogen gas. Melting equipment.   2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of introducing waste glass into the melting furnace in order to adjust physical and chemical properties of the melt. Melting equipment. The combustion heating means,
The ash that flows into the high-temperature heating layer in a preheated state by burning the auxiliary fuel gas to generate combustion heat of 1700 ° C. or more while supplying high-concentration oxygen to the high-temperature heating layer of the melting furnace. 2. The melting device for converting all amounts of various wastes into a non-polluting resource according to claim 1, wherein the burner is an oxygen burner for completely burning unburned residues of the above and melting non-flammable inorganic substances.

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