JP2004161734A - Production method for omega-mercaptoalkylpyridine - Google Patents

Production method for omega-mercaptoalkylpyridine Download PDF

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JP2004161734A
JP2004161734A JP2003134179A JP2003134179A JP2004161734A JP 2004161734 A JP2004161734 A JP 2004161734A JP 2003134179 A JP2003134179 A JP 2003134179A JP 2003134179 A JP2003134179 A JP 2003134179A JP 2004161734 A JP2004161734 A JP 2004161734A
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group
carbon atoms
formula
alkyl group
tertiary amine
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JP4378995B2 (en
Inventor
Masayoshi Sato
譲宣 佐藤
Yasuhiro Fukui
康弘 福井
Yoriyasu Fukuda
順康 福田
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an ω-mercaptoalkylpyridine in high yield even by using readily available hydrogen sulfide in industry. <P>SOLUTION: An ω-mercaptoalkylpyridine represented by formula (II) (wherein R<SP>1</SP>and R<SP>2</SP>are each independently H or methyl; n is an integer of 0-2) is produced by reacting a pyridine represented by formula (I) [wherein R<SP>1</SP>, R<SP>2</SP>and n have each the same meanings as in formula (II)] with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a tertiary amine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
2−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジン、4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンなどのω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類は、ビスフェノールAを製造する際に用いられるキレート触媒への添加剤、医農薬中間体などの工業的に有用な化合物として用いられている。
従来、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類の製造方法としては、例えば、2−ビニルピリジンに硫化水素を反応させて、2−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンを収率23%で製造する方法が報告されている(非特許文献1および非特許文献2)。
【0003】
【非特許文献1】
P.S.K.Chia et al., Aust. J. Chem., 19, 1835 (1966)
【非特許文献2】
R.B.Thompson et al., Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 44, 1659 (1952)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、工業的に入手容易な硫化水素を用いても、高収率でω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を製造する方法を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記式(I)

Figure 2004161734
(式中、RおよびRはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子またはメチル基を表し、nは0〜2の整数を表す。)
で表されるピリジン類と硫化水素とを第三級アミンの存在下に反応させて、下記式(II)
Figure 2004161734
(式中、R、Rおよびnは前記と同じ意味を表す。)
で表されるω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を製造する方法である。
【0006】
中でも、第三級アミンとして、下記(A)〜(C)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第三級アミンを用いる製造方法が好ましい。
(A):下記式(a)で表わされる第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
(式(a)中、R21〜R23は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。該鎖状アルキル基、該環状アルキル基及び該芳香族炭化水素基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。)
【0007】
(B):下記式(b)で表わされる脂環式第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
(式(b)中、R24は、炭素数1〜8のアルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、mは0〜8の整数を表す。複素環上のアルキレン基およびR24は、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。さらに、複素環上の炭素原子は、窒素原子又は酸素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
【0008】
(C):芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物
(ここで、芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物には、炭素数1〜8のアルキル基が結合していてもよく、さらに、該アルキル基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。)
【0009】
とりわけ、下記式(1)、(2)、(5)及び(6)で表される第三級アミンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第三級アミンを用いることが好ましい。
Figure 2004161734
(式(1)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。)
Figure 2004161734
(式(2)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。)
Figure 2004161734
(式(5)及び(6)中、R1 〜R1 は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。また、φ1〜φは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族炭化水素基を表す。)
【0010】
また、式(I)で表されるピリジン類が、4−ビニルピリジン及び/又は2−ビニルピリジンである場合に好適な製造方法である。
【0011】
さらに、予め硫化水素が存在する反応容器に、第三級アミン及び式(I)で表されるピリジン類を順次、混合させる製造方法が、得られるω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類の収率を一層向上させる傾向にあることから好ましい。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明に用いられるピリジン類は、式(I)で表されるピリジン類である。中でも、nが0であるピリジン類が好ましく、とりわけ、RおよびRがいずれも水素原子であるピリジン類が好ましく、中でもとりわけ、2−ビニルピリジン、4−ビニルピリジンが好適である。
ピリジン類(I)に、ハイドロキノン類やカテコール類等の重合禁止剤を0.01〜0.5重量%程度添加されていてもよいが、使用する前にピリジン類(I)を単蒸留にて精製することが推奨される。
【0013】
本発明に用いられる硫化水素としては、水、二硫化炭素、塩化メチレンなどの溶媒に溶解させたものを用いてもよいが、通常、市販のボンベ入り硫化水素や工場で製造された硫化水素などの硫化水素をそのまま用いられる。具体的な硫化水素の使用方法としては、反応容器に予め硫化水素を導入したのち、ピリジン類(I)と第三級アミンとを混合させる方法;ピリジン類(I)と第三級アミンとを混合させた反応容器に硫化水素を導入管等により吹き込む方法;ピリジン類(I)と第三級アミンと硫化水素とを反応容器に導入する方法などが例示される。硫化水素を使用する際に、反応を効率よく実施するために、反応容器を密封したり、必要に応じて、加圧してもよい。
硫化水素の使用量としては、通常、ピリジン類(I)1モルに対して、1モルよりも多い量であり、経済的な観点から30モル未満であることが好ましい。密封容器であれば、通常、ピリジン類(I)1モルに対して、1モルよりも多い量であり、経済的な観点から10モル以下である。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる第三級アミンとは、3つの炭素原子と結合した窒素原子を分子内に少なくとも1つ有するアミン化合物である。
具体的な第三級アミンとしては、例えば、次に示す(A)〜(C)のアミン化合物などが挙げられる。
【0015】
(A):下記式(a)で表わされる第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
式(a)中、R21〜R23は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。該鎖状アルキル基、該環状アルキル基及び該芳香族炭化水素基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。
【0016】
(B):下記式(b)で表わされる脂環式第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
式(b)中、R24は、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、mは0〜8の整数を表す。複素環上のアルキレン基およびR24は、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。さらに、複素環上のアルキレン基に含まれる炭素原子は、窒素原子又は酸素原子で置換されていてもよい。
【0017】
(C):芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物。
ここで、芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物には、炭素数1〜8のアルキル基が結合していてもよく、さらに、該アルキル基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。
【0018】
本発明において、アルキル基とは、メチル基、エチル基、ブチル基などの炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基、又は、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などの炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基である。
また、芳香族炭化水素基とは、フェニル基、ベンジル基などの炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基である。
【0019】
(A)としては、3個のアルキル基と結合した窒素原子を有する第三級アミン;芳香族炭化水素基と結合した窒素原子を有する第三級アミン;スチレン−ジビニルベンゼン骨格に-CH2N(CH3)2基を有する弱塩基性イオン交換樹脂などが挙げられる。
【0020】
前記3個のアルキル基と結合した窒素原子を有する第三級アミンとしては、例えば、以下の式(1)〜(6)で表される第三級アミンなどが挙げられる。
Figure 2004161734
式(1)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。
式(1)で表される第三級アミンの具体例としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミンなどが挙げられる。
【0021】
Figure 2004161734
式(2)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。式(2)で表される第三級アミンの具体例としては、N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルジアミノメタン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチル−1,3−プロパンジアミンなどが挙げられる。
【0022】
Figure 2004161734
ここで、R10〜R1 は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。qおよびrは、それぞれ独立に、1〜4の整数を表す。
式(3)で表される第三級アミンとしては、N,N−ジエチルエタノールアミンが例示され、式(4)で表される第三級アミンとしては、N−メチルジエタノールアミンが例示される。
【0023】
芳香族炭化水素基と結合した窒素原子を有する第三級アミンとしては、例えば、下記式(5)及び(6)で表される第三級アミンなどが挙げられる。
Figure 2004161734
ここで、R1 〜R1 は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。また、φ1〜φは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
式(5)で表される第三級アミンの具体例としては、N,N−ジメチルアニリン、N,N−ジエチルアニリンなどが挙げられる。
【0024】
(B)の脂環式第三級アミンとしては、例えば、ビス(アミノプロピル)ピペラジン、N−メチルピペラジン、1−(2−アミノエチル)ピペラジン、(ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン、N−メチルピペリジン、N−メチルモルホリン、N−エチルモルホリン、N−(3−アミノプロピル)モルホリン、1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンなどの脂環式第三級アミンが挙げられる。
【0025】
(C)の芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物としては、例えば、ピリジン、α−ピコリン、γ−ピコリン、ルチジン、2−プロピルピリジン、4−ピロリジノピリジン、4−ピペリジノピリジン、o−フェナントロリンなどが例示される。
【0026】
本発明の第三級アミンとして、異なる2種以上の第三級アミンを用いてもよい。
第三級アミンとしては、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類の収率の観点から、前記(A)及び(B)に属する第三級アミンが好ましく、とりわけ、(A)の式(1)、(2)、(5)及び(6)で表される第三級アミン、並びに、(B)の脂環式第三級アミンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第三級アミンが好ましく、中でもとりわけ、式(1)及び(2)で表される第三級アミンが好ましい。
【0027】
本発明における第三級アミンの使用量としては、ピリジン類(I)1モルに対して、0.005モル以上であればよく、第三級アミンを溶媒として使用してもよい。
具体的な第三級アミンの使用量としては、溶媒を別に使用する場合には、ピリジン類(I)1モルに対して、通常、0.001〜1モル程度であり、溶媒として使用する場合は、ピリジン類(I)1モルに対して、通常、1〜100モル程度である。
【0028】
本発明の製造方法は、溶媒を使用してもよいし、溶媒を用いることなく製造してもよい。
溶媒としては、テトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、アセトニトリル、キシレン、トルエン、ベンゼン、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトン、酢酸エチル、ヘキサン,ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム等の有機溶媒などが例示される。
溶媒として2種類以上の溶媒を使用してもよい。
【0029】
本発明は、ピリジン類(I)と硫化水素とを第三級アミンの存在下に反応させて、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類(II)を製造する方法である。
具体的には、(ア)第三級アミンと、ピリジン類(I)と、必要に応じて溶媒とが存在する溶液に硫化水素を導入する方法;(イ)予め、第三級アミン、必要に応じて溶媒とが存在する溶液に硫化水素を導入したのち、ピリジン類(I)を混合する方法;(ウ)予め、硫化水素が存在する反応容器に、第三級アミン及びピリジン類(I)を順次混合させる方法;(エ)予め、硫化水素が存在する反応容器に、ピリジン類(I)と第三級アミンを順次または一括で混合させる方法(オ)第三級アミンとピリジン類(I)と硫化水素とを一括で反応容器に混合させる方法などが挙げられる。
本発明の製造方法の中でも、(イ)と(ウ)の方法の如く、硫化水素が予め存在する反応容器にピリジン類(I)を混合させる方法が、後述するスルフィド体などの副生成物の生成を抑制する傾向にあることから好ましく、とりわけ、(ウ)の方法が好適である。
【0030】
硫化水素導入後の圧力(ゲージ圧、すなわち、大気圧に対する差圧)としては、0.1〜1.5MPa、好ましくは0.2〜1.0MPaである。反応容器内での硫化水素の形態は気体状態でもよいし、液体状態でもよい。また、加圧の際に窒素やヘリウム等の不活性ガスを用いて圧力調整してもよい。さらに、反応終了後に残存した硫化水素は、別に設置した反応容器に移して再び反応に用いてもよい。
【0031】
本発明の反応温度としては、通常、−40〜100℃程度であり、好ましくは−30〜60℃程度である。反応温度が−40℃以上であると反応速度が向上する傾向にあることから好ましく、100℃以下であると下記式(III)で表されるスルフィド体などの副生成物の生成が抑制される傾向にあることから好ましい。
Figure 2004161734
(式中、R、Rおよびnは前記と同じ意味を表す。)
【0032】
反応時間としては、ピリジン類(I)、第三級アミンおよび硫化水素の量、混合方法、反応温度などによっても異なるが、通常、0.1〜20時間程度である。
【0033】
かくして得られた反応溶液より、第三級アミンを減圧濃縮や水洗等により除去し、式(II)で表されるω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を得て、そのまま用いてもよいし、得られたω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、燐酸等の無機酸;酢酸、クエン酸等の有機酸等を用いて中和し水溶液として用いてもよい。
さらに、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類(II)を単離するために、第三級アミンを除去した粗生成物を蒸留精製したり、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類の塩酸塩などの塩として再結晶して単離してもよい。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらによって限定されるものではない。
【0035】
(4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンの収率の求め方)
4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンの収率は、反応終了後の溶液をアセトニトリル水で希釈して、下記条件の液体クロマトグラフを用いて、絶対検量線法によって求めた。
<絶対検量線法>
カラム:L-column ODS 4.6mmφ×15cm
移動相:2.5mmol/Lの1-ヘ゜ンタンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩を含有するアセトニトリル水
検出:UV254nm
(実施例1)
容器に4-ビニルピリジン10.5g(0.1モル)およびトリエチルアミン0.5g(0.005モル)を仕込み、内温を10℃に調整しながら硫化水素8g(0.23モル)を15分間かけて導入した。得られた反応溶液を絶対検量線法で分析したところ、4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンを収率71%で得た。
【0036】
(実施例2)
ガラス製オートクレーブに硫化水素410g(12.0モル)を0.5MPa(ゲージ圧、5 kg/cm)加圧を保ちながら導入したのち、4−ビニルピリジン420.8g(4.0モル)とトリブチルアミン37.1g(0.2モル)の混合溶液を攪拌下−10℃で7.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、−10℃で1時間攪拌したのち、放圧して硫化水素を脱気した。得られた反応溶液を絶対検量線法で分析したところ、4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンを収率89%であった。
【0037】
(実施例3)
オートクレーブに硫化水素518g(15.2モル)を0.8MPa(ゲージ圧、8kg/cm2)加圧を保ちながら導入したのち、4−ビニルピリジン421.6g(4.0モル)とN,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン 23.4g(0.2モル)の混合溶液を攪拌下5℃で3時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、3℃で1時間攪拌したのち、放圧して硫化水素を脱気した。得られた反応溶液を絶対検量線法で分析したところ、4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンを収率94%であった。
【0038】
(実施例4、比較例1〜3)
トリエチルアミンに代えて、表1に記載のアミン化合物を使用する以外、実施例1と同様に実施し、得られた4−(2−メルカプトエチル)ピリジンの収率を実施例1〜3の収率とともに表1に記載した。尚、比較例3は、トリエチルアミンを用いなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして得られた結果を表1に記載した。
【0039】
【表1】
Figure 2004161734
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、硫化水素を用いるω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類の製造方法であっても、第三級アミンの存在下に反応させることにより、容易に、かつ高収率で、ω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を製造することができる。
さらに、硫化水素を予め存在させた反応容器にピリジン類(I)を混合させる方法が、スルフィド体などの副生成物の生成を抑制し、一層、優れた収率で製造することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ω-Mercaptoalkylpyridines such as 2- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine and 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine are used as additives to chelate catalysts used in producing bisphenol A, pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical intermediates, and the like. Are used as industrially useful compounds.
Conventionally, as a method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines, for example, a method of producing 2- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine at a yield of 23% by reacting 2-vinylpyridine with hydrogen sulfide has been reported. (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
[0003]
[Non-patent document 1]
PSKChia et al., Aust. J. Chem., 19, 1835 (1966)
[Non-patent document 2]
RBThompson et al., Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 44, 1659 (1952)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines in high yield even using industrially available hydrogen sulfide.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I):
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 2.)
Is reacted with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a tertiary amine to give the following formula (II)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and n represent the same meaning as described above.)
This is a method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines represented by the formula:
[0006]
Among them, a production method using at least one tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of the following (A) to (C) as the tertiary amine is preferable.
(A): Tertiary amine represented by the following formula (a)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (a), R 21 to R 23 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The chain alkyl group, the cyclic alkyl group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an amino group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and an N, N-dialkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. An amino group or a hydroxyl group may be bonded.)
[0007]
(B): an alicyclic tertiary amine represented by the following formula (b)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (b), R 24 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; The alkylene group and R 24 on the heterocyclic ring are bonded to an amino group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an N, N-dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydroxyl group. Further, the carbon atom on the heterocyclic ring may be substituted with a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.)
[0008]
(C): aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (here, the aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound may have an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms bonded thereto. , An amino group, a C1-8 N-alkylamino group, a C1-8 N, N-dialkylamino group or a hydroxyl group.)
[0009]
In particular, it is preferable to use at least one tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines represented by the following formulas (1), (2), (5) and (6).
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (1), R 3 to R 5 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (2), R 6 to R 9 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (5) and (6), R 1 3 ~R 1 5 each independently represent a linear alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Further, phi 1 to φ 3 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group.)
[0010]
In addition, this is a preferable production method when the pyridine represented by the formula (I) is 4-vinylpyridine and / or 2-vinylpyridine.
[0011]
Furthermore, the production method in which a tertiary amine and a pyridine represented by the formula (I) are sequentially mixed in a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulfide is previously present further improves the yield of the obtained ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines. It is preferable because it has a tendency to be caused.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The pyridines used in the present invention are the pyridines represented by the formula (I). Among them, pyridines in which n is 0 are preferable, and pyridines in which R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen atoms are preferable, and 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine are particularly preferable.
A polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinones or catechols may be added to the pyridines (I) in an amount of about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, but the pyridines (I) are subjected to simple distillation before use. Purification is recommended.
[0013]
As the hydrogen sulfide used in the present invention, water, carbon disulfide, those dissolved in a solvent such as methylene chloride may be used, but usually, hydrogen sulfide in a commercially available cylinder or hydrogen sulfide manufactured in a factory may be used. Of hydrogen sulfide can be used as is. As a specific method of using hydrogen sulfide, a method in which hydrogen sulfide is introduced into a reaction vessel in advance and then pyridines (I) and a tertiary amine are mixed; A method in which hydrogen sulfide is blown into a mixed reaction vessel through an introduction tube or the like; a method in which pyridines (I), a tertiary amine, and hydrogen sulfide are introduced into the reaction vessel. When hydrogen sulfide is used, the reaction vessel may be sealed or pressurized if necessary in order to carry out the reaction efficiently.
The amount of hydrogen sulfide to be used is usually more than 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of pyridines (I), and is preferably less than 30 mol from an economic viewpoint. In the case of a sealed container, the amount is usually more than 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of pyridines (I), and is 10 mol or less from an economic viewpoint.
[0014]
The tertiary amine used in the present invention is an amine compound having at least one nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon atoms in a molecule.
Specific tertiary amines include, for example, the following amine compounds (A) to (C).
[0015]
(A): Tertiary amine represented by the following formula (a)
Figure 2004161734
In the formula (a), R 21 to R 23 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Represents Examples of the chain alkyl group, the cyclic alkyl group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an amino group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an N, N-dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydroxyl group. May be bonded.
[0016]
(B): an alicyclic tertiary amine represented by the following formula (b)
Figure 2004161734
In the formula (b), R 24 represents a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and m represents 0 to Represents an integer of 8. Alkylene group and R 24 on the heterocyclic ring, an amino group, N- alkyl amino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, N 1 to 8 carbon atoms, N- dialkylamino group, may be hydroxyl group bonded. Further, the carbon atom contained in the alkylene group on the heterocycle may be substituted with a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
[0017]
(C): an aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
Here, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms may be bonded to the aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and further, an amino group, an N-alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is added to the alkyl group. An amino group, an N, N-dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group may be bonded.
[0018]
In the present invention, the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a butyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. .
The aromatic hydrocarbon group is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a benzyl group.
[0019]
(A) includes a tertiary amine having a nitrogen atom bonded to three alkyl groups; a tertiary amine having a nitrogen atom bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group; and -CH 2 N in a styrene-divinylbenzene skeleton. Examples include a weakly basic ion exchange resin having two (CH 3 ) groups.
[0020]
Examples of the tertiary amine having a nitrogen atom bonded to the three alkyl groups include tertiary amines represented by the following formulas (1) to (6).
Figure 2004161734
In the formula (1), R 3 to R 5 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the tertiary amine represented by the formula (1) include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like.
[0021]
Figure 2004161734
In the formula (2), R 6 to R 9 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the tertiary amine represented by the formula (2) include N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyldiaminomethane, N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N , N ', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine and the like.
[0022]
Figure 2004161734
Here, R 10 to R 1 2 each independently represent a linear alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. q and r each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4.
The tertiary amine represented by the formula (3) is exemplified by N, N-diethylethanolamine, and the tertiary amine represented by the formula (4) is exemplified by N-methyldiethanolamine.
[0023]
Examples of the tertiary amine having a nitrogen atom bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group include tertiary amines represented by the following formulas (5) and (6).
Figure 2004161734
Wherein, R 1 3 ~R 1 5 each independently represent a linear alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Further, φ 1 to φ 3 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
Specific examples of the tertiary amine represented by the formula (5) include N, N-dimethylaniline and N, N-diethylaniline.
[0024]
Examples of the alicyclic tertiary amine (B) include bis (aminopropyl) piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, 1- (2-aminoethyl) piperazine, (hydroxyethyl) piperazine, N-methylpiperidine, and N-methylpiperidine. Alicyclic tertiary amines such as -methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine, and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane;
[0025]
Examples of the aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (C) include pyridine, α-picoline, γ-picoline, lutidine, 2-propylpyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, 4-piperidinopyridine and o-phenanthroline. And the like.
[0026]
As the tertiary amine of the present invention, two or more different tertiary amines may be used.
As the tertiary amine, tertiary amines belonging to the above (A) and (B) are preferable from the viewpoint of the yield of ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines, and particularly, the tertiary amines represented by the formulas (1) and (2) ), Tertiary amines represented by (5) and (6), and at least one tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of the alicyclic tertiary amines of (B), Tertiary amines represented by formulas (1) and (2) are preferred.
[0027]
The amount of the tertiary amine used in the present invention may be 0.005 mol or more based on 1 mol of the pyridine (I), and the tertiary amine may be used as a solvent.
When the solvent is used separately, the specific amount of the tertiary amine is usually about 0.001 to 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the pyridine (I). Is usually about 1 to 100 mol per 1 mol of pyridines (I).
[0028]
The production method of the present invention may use a solvent or may be produced without using a solvent.
Examples of the solvent include organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, xylene, toluene, benzene, dimethylformamide, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, dichloromethane and chloroform.
Two or more solvents may be used as the solvent.
[0029]
The present invention is a method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines (II) by reacting pyridines (I) with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a tertiary amine.
Specifically, (a) a method in which hydrogen sulfide is introduced into a solution containing a tertiary amine, pyridines (I) and, if necessary, a solvent; A method in which hydrogen sulfide is introduced into a solution containing a solvent according to the above, and then pyridines (I) are mixed; (c) a tertiary amine and pyridines (I) are previously placed in a reaction vessel containing hydrogen sulfide. ) Are sequentially mixed; (d) A method in which pyridines (I) and tertiary amines are sequentially or collectively mixed in a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulfide is present in advance (e) Tertiary amines and pyridines ( A method in which I) and hydrogen sulfide are mixed at once in a reaction vessel.
Among the production methods of the present invention, a method of mixing pyridines (I) in a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulfide is present in advance, such as the methods (a) and (c), is a method for producing by-products such as sulfides described below. It is preferable because the generation tends to be suppressed, and the method (c) is particularly preferable.
[0030]
The pressure (gauge pressure, that is, the differential pressure with respect to the atmospheric pressure) after the introduction of hydrogen sulfide is 0.1 to 1.5 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 MPa. The form of hydrogen sulfide in the reaction vessel may be a gas state or a liquid state. Further, at the time of pressurization, the pressure may be adjusted using an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium. Further, the hydrogen sulfide remaining after the completion of the reaction may be transferred to a separately installed reaction vessel and used again for the reaction.
[0031]
The reaction temperature of the present invention is usually about -40 to 100C, preferably about -30 to 60C. When the reaction temperature is −40 ° C. or higher, the reaction rate tends to increase, and when the reaction temperature is 100 ° C. or lower, the generation of by-products such as sulfides represented by the following formula (III) is suppressed. This is preferred because of the tendency.
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and n represent the same meaning as described above.)
[0032]
The reaction time varies depending on the amounts of the pyridines (I), the tertiary amine and hydrogen sulfide, the mixing method, the reaction temperature and the like, but is usually about 0.1 to 20 hours.
[0033]
From the reaction solution thus obtained, the tertiary amine was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, washing with water, or the like to obtain an ω-mercaptoalkylpyridine represented by the formula (II), which may be used as it is or obtained. The ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines may be neutralized with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or the like; or an organic acid such as acetic acid or citric acid, and used as an aqueous solution.
Further, in order to isolate the ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines (II), the crude product from which the tertiary amine has been removed is purified by distillation or recrystallized as a salt such as a hydrochloride of the ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines. May be isolated.
[0034]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0035]
(How to determine the yield of 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine)
The yield of 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine was determined by diluting the solution after completion of the reaction with acetonitrile water and using an absolute calibration curve method using a liquid chromatograph under the following conditions.
<Absolute calibration curve method>
Column: L-column ODS 4.6mmφ × 15cm
Mobile phase: acetonitrile water containing 2.5 mmol / L 1-pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt Detection: UV 254 nm
(Example 1)
A container was charged with 10.5 g (0.1 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine and 0.5 g (0.005 mol) of triethylamine, and 8 g (0.23 mol) of hydrogen sulfide was added thereto for 15 minutes while adjusting the internal temperature to 10 ° C. It was introduced over. When the obtained reaction solution was analyzed by the absolute calibration curve method, 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine was obtained with a yield of 71%.
[0036]
(Example 2)
After introducing 410 g (12.0 mol) of hydrogen sulfide into a glass autoclave while maintaining the pressure at 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure, 5 kg / cm 3 ), 420.8 g (4.0 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine was added. A mixed solution of 37.1 g (0.2 mol) of tributylamine was added dropwise at −10 ° C. over 7.5 hours with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at −10 ° C. for 1 hour, and then depressurized to remove hydrogen sulfide. When the obtained reaction solution was analyzed by the absolute calibration curve method, the yield of 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine was 89%.
[0037]
(Example 3)
After 518 g (15.2 mol) of hydrogen sulfide was introduced into the autoclave while maintaining the pressure at 0.8 MPa (gauge pressure, 8 kg / cm 2 ), 421.6 g (4.0 mol) of 4-vinylpyridine and N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (23.4 g, 0.2 mol) was added dropwise at 5 ° C. over 3 hours with stirring. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at 3 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the pressure was released to degas hydrogen sulfide. When the obtained reaction solution was analyzed by the absolute calibration curve method, the yield of 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine was 94%.
[0038]
(Example 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 3)
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amine compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of triethylamine, and the yield of 4- (2-mercaptoethyl) pyridine obtained was calculated as in Examples 1 to 3. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the results of Comparative Example 3 obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that triethylamine was not used.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004161734
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, even in the method for producing ω-mercaptoalkylpyridines using hydrogen sulfide, by reacting in the presence of a tertiary amine, ω-mercaptoalkyl Pyridines can be produced.
Furthermore, the method of mixing pyridines (I) in a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulfide is pre-existed suppresses the formation of by-products such as sulfides, and can be produced at a higher yield.

Claims (5)

下記式(I)
Figure 2004161734
(式中、RおよびRはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子またはメチル基を表し、nは0〜2の整数を表す。)
で表されるピリジン類と硫化水素とを第三級アミンの存在下に反応させて、下記式(II)
Figure 2004161734
(式中、R、Rおよびnは前記と同じ意味を表す。)
で表されるω−メルカプトアルキルピリジン類を製造する方法。
The following formula (I)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 2.)
Is reacted with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a tertiary amine to give the following formula (II)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and n represent the same meaning as described above.)
A method for producing an ω-mercaptoalkylpyridine represented by the formula:
第三級アミンとして、下記(A)〜(C)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第三級アミンを用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
(A):下記式(a)で表わされる第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
(式(a)中、R21〜R23は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。該鎖状アルキル基、該環状アルキル基及び該芳香族炭化水素基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。)
(B):下記式(b)で表わされる脂環式第三級アミン
Figure 2004161734
(式(b)中、R24は、炭素数1〜8のアルキル基、炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基、又は炭素数6〜12の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、mは0〜8の整数を表す。複素環上のアルキレン基およびR24は、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。さらに、複素環上の炭素原子は、窒素原子又は酸素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(C):芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物
(ここで、芳香族性含窒素複素環化合物には、炭素数1〜8のアルキル基が結合していてもよく、さらに、該アルキル基には、アミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN−アルキルアミノ基、炭素数1〜8のN,N−ジアルキルアミノ基、水酸基が結合していてもよい。)
The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of the following (A) to (C) is used as the tertiary amine.
(A): Tertiary amine represented by the following formula (a)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (a), R 21 to R 23 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The chain alkyl group, the cyclic alkyl group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an amino group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and an N, N-dialkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. An amino group or a hydroxyl group may be bonded.)
(B): an alicyclic tertiary amine represented by the following formula (b)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (b), R 24 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; An alkylene group and R 24 on the heterocyclic ring are bonded to an amino group, an N-alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an N, N-dialkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydroxyl group. Further, the carbon atom on the heterocyclic ring may be substituted with a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.)
(C): an aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (here, the aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound may have an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms bonded thereto. , An amino group, a C1-8 N-alkylamino group, a C1-8 N, N-dialkylamino group or a hydroxyl group.)
式(I)で表されるピリジン類として、4−ビニルピリジン及び/又は2−ビニルピリジンを用いることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 4-vinylpyridine and / or 2-vinylpyridine is used as the pyridines represented by the formula (I). 第三級アミンとして、下記式(1)、(2)、(5)及び(6)で表される第三級アミンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第三級アミンを用いることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
Figure 2004161734
(式(1)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。)
Figure 2004161734
(式(2)中、R〜Rは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。)
Figure 2004161734
(式(5)及び(6)中、R1 〜R1 は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜8の鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数4〜12の環状アルキル基を表す。また、φ1〜φは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族炭化水素基を表す。)
As the tertiary amine, at least one tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines represented by the following formulas (1), (2), (5) and (6) is used. The production method according to claim 1, wherein:
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (1), R 3 to R 5 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (2), R 6 to R 9 each independently represent a chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.)
Figure 2004161734
(In the formula (5) and (6), R 1 3 ~R 1 5 each independently represent a linear alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Further, phi 1 to φ 3 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group.)
予め硫化水素が存在する反応容器に、第三級アミン及び式(I)で表されるピリジン類を順次、混合させることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a tertiary amine and a pyridine represented by the formula (I) are sequentially mixed in a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulfide is present in advance.
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