JP2004155631A - Lithium-manganese-based double oxide particle for non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, method for producing the same and non-aqueous lithium secondary battery - Google Patents

Lithium-manganese-based double oxide particle for non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, method for producing the same and non-aqueous lithium secondary battery Download PDF

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JP2004155631A
JP2004155631A JP2002325044A JP2002325044A JP2004155631A JP 2004155631 A JP2004155631 A JP 2004155631A JP 2002325044 A JP2002325044 A JP 2002325044A JP 2002325044 A JP2002325044 A JP 2002325044A JP 2004155631 A JP2004155631 A JP 2004155631A
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lithium
manganese
particles
double oxide
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Inventor
Masumi Terauchi
真澄 寺内
Toshihiko Shiotani
俊彦 塩谷
Teruyuki Takahashi
輝行 高橋
Yutaka Umetsu
豊 梅津
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Dai Nippon Toryo KK
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Dai Nippon Toryo KK
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide uniform lithium-manganese double oxide particles with a uniform particle diameter which can compose a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery with improved initial capacity and capacity retention and excellent in charging-discharging cycle properties, and to provide a method for producing the same and a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery obtained by using the particles. <P>SOLUTION: The lithium-manganese double oxide particles are obtained by subjecting a lithium compound and a manganese compound to wet grinding blending in the presence of a dispersant to prepare uniform slurry having low viscosity, forming particles with a mean secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm from the obtained slurry by using a spray-drying granulation apparatus, heating the particles at 80 to 150°C for 30 min to 2 hr, raising the temperature to 350 to 600°C, performing firing for 1 to 15 hr, further raising the temperature to 600 to 1,000°C, and performing firing for 1 to 70 hr in an oxygen stream or an air stream. The lithium-manganese double oxide particles have a mean secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm, a tap density of ≥1.6 g/cm<SP>3</SP>, and a specific surface area of 0.1 to 2 m<SP>2</SP>/g. The method for producing the particle and its use are provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子、その製造法及び二次電池に関し、より詳しくは、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率が改良され、室温及び高温における充放電サイクル特性に優れた非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる均一で粒子径の揃ったリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子、その製造法及びそのようなリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子を正極材料として用いている非水リチウム二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料としては、これまでにチタンやモリブデンの硫化物や酸化物、並びにバナジウムやリンの酸化物等が提案されているが、これらは電池としての保存性が悪く、しかも高価であるため、未だ実用化されるまでには至っていない。
【0003】
一方、非水一次電池の正極活物質としては二酸化マンガンが既に実用化されており、非水一次電池においては二酸化マンガンが正極活物質として代表的に用いられている。
二酸化マンガンは、資源的にも豊富で安価であり、更に化学的に安定であるため電池としての保存性に優れている。しかしながら、二酸化マンガンは二次電池の可逆性に難があるため、非水系二次電池の正極活物質としては不適当であり、それで改質された種々のマンガン酸化物が提案されている。例えば、二酸化マンガンとリチウム化合物との混合物を熱処理して得られ、結晶構造中にリチウムを含有しているマンガン酸化物が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3参照。)。
【0004】
これらのリチウム含有マンガン酸化物は製造する際の熱処理温度の相違に起因して生成するリチウム含有マンガン酸化物の組成、結晶構造が異なり、例えば、熱処理温度が250〜300℃である場合には、X線回折図において、2θ=22°、31.7°、37°、42°及び55°付近にピークを有する結晶構造のマンガン酸化物となり、300〜430℃である場合には、LiMnOを含有したマンガン酸化物となり、そして600〜900℃である場合には、スピネル型構造を有するマンガン酸化物となる。更に、900℃以上の高温で焼成すると高結晶性とはなるが、LiMnOが生成し、充放電サイクル特性を低下させることが分かっている。
【0005】
また、これらの改質法においては二酸化マンガンとリチウム化合物とを固相同志で反応させているため、二酸化マンガン粒子の内部までは改質が及ばず、従って高電流密度での充放電サイクルでは劣化が早いという欠点があった。
そこで、リチウム化合物を溶解した水溶液中に二酸化マンガンを浸漬し、蒸発乾固した後に熱処理して、二酸化マンガン粒子の細孔内部にまで改質反応を進める方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献4参照。)。
【0006】
また、電池の作製に用いる正極活物質の粒子径が電池の初期容量及び容量保持率などに大きく影響を及ぼすことも知られている(例えば、特許文献5参照。)。
しかしながら、これまでに提案されているリチウム含有二酸化マンガンはその電気化学活性が二次電池用途に対しては不十分であり、それでそのようなリチウム含有二酸化マンガンを正極に用いて構成した非水リチウム二次電池では、初期容量及び容量保持率が不十分であり、充放電サイクル特性が不十分であった。
【0007】
二酸化マンガン又はマンガン塩とリチウム化合物との混合物を熱処理して得たリチウムとマンガンとの複酸化物をリチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いることが提案されている(例えば、特許文献6、特許文献7、特許文献8参照。)。しかしながら、何れの技術で得られたリチウムマンガン複酸化物も、高い初期容量及び長期の容量保持率を有する二次電池を提供することはできない。
【0008】
更に、水酸化リチウムと、二酸化マンガン及び炭酸マンガンから選ばれるマンガン化合物とを、水と、水酸基含有水溶性溶剤及び/又は分散剤とからなる混合溶媒で湿式混合し、得られたスラリーを乾燥した後、解砕し、350〜500℃で一次焼成し、45℃以下に冷却し、再度解砕した後、600〜800℃で二次焼成して得られたリチウムマンガン複酸化物をリチウム二次電池の正極として用いることが提案されている(例えば、特許文献9参照。)。しかしながら、そのようにして得たリチウムマンガン複酸化物を正極として用いたリチウム二次電池の長期の容量保持率は必ずしも十分なものではない。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−114064号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭63−187569号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平1−235158号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平2−183963号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2000−58041号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平6−203834号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平7−245106号公報
【特許文献8】
特開平7−307155号公報
【特許文献9】
特開平10−289709号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率が改良され、室温及び高温における充放電サイクル特性に優れた非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる均一で粒子径の揃ったリチウムマンガン複酸化物又は変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物(本明細書においては、この両者を包含してリチウムマンガン系複酸化物と記載する)の粒子、その製造法及びそのようなリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子を正極材料として用いており、優れた初期容量及び容量保持率を有し、特に高温での充放電サイクル特性に優れている非水リチウム二次電池を提供することを目的としている。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成するために鋭意検討を行った結果、リチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを湿式粉砕混合する際に分散剤を用いて低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を特定の温度条件下で焼成することにより上記の目的が達成されることを見出し、本発明に到達した。
【0012】
即ち、本発明のリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子は、リチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成することにより得られ、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gであるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子であって、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子である。
【0013】
本発明の変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子は、B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成することにより得られ、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gである変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子であって、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子である。
【0014】
本発明の非水リチウム二次電池用のリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の製造方法は、リチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成して、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gであるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を得ることを特徴とする。
【0015】
本発明の非水リチウム二次電池用の変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の製造方法は、B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成して、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gである変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を得ることを特徴とする。
【0016】
本発明の非水リチウム二次電池は、正極材料として上記のリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子又は変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を用い、負極材料として金属リチウム、リチウム合金、又はリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な炭素材料若しくは金属酸化物を用いて構成されていることを特徴とする。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明で出発原料として用いることのできるリチウム化合物としてLiOH、LiF、LiCO、LiNO、LiSO等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0018】
本発明で出発原料として用いることのできるマンガン化合物として、二酸化マンガン、炭酸マンガン等を挙げることができ、これらの二酸化マンガン、炭酸マンガンとして種々のものを使用することができる。例えば、二酸化マンガンとして、マンガン鉱石を400℃以上の温度で焼成して得られるMn、Mn等の低級マンガン酸化物を硫酸や硝酸、又はこれらの混合物等の鉱酸により不均化反応させることによって得られる化学合成二酸化マンガンを使用することができる。また、電解によって得られる電解二酸化マンガンを使用することもできる。
【0019】
本発明で出発原料として用いることのできるB、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの水溶性化合物として、B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の硫酸塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、蓚酸塩、炭酸塩、ハロゲン化物、水酸化物、酸化物等のうちで水溶性のものを挙げることができる。例えば、硫酸マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、塩基性酢酸アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、ヨウ化アルミニウム、アルミン酸ナトリウム等を用いることができる。
【0020】
本発明においてはリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを湿式で粉砕混合してスラリーを形成するか、又はB、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを湿式粉砕混合してスラリーを形成するが、この際に分散剤を存在させて低粘度の均一なスラリーを形成させる。
【0021】
本発明で用いることができる分散剤としてメチルセルロース、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、低分子水溶性アクリル樹脂、ポリエーテルポリオール等を挙げることができ、それらは1種単独で使用することも、2種以上を併用することも可能である。
【0022】
分散剤の存在下での湿式粉砕混合においては、リチウム化合物がスラリーを構成する水に溶解した状態になり、この溶解したリチウム化合物がマンガン化合物中に高度に分散した状態になり、低粘度で均一なスラリーとなる。このような状態にすることにより、後述する工程を経て得られるリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子は組成的に非常に均一となり、従って、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる。
【0023】
湿式粉砕混合においては、例えば、水酸化リチウム(LiOH・HO)とマンガン化合物とを、通常、Li:Mnのモル比が0.7:2〜1.3:2、好ましくは、1:2〜1.1:2となるように配合し、水と分散剤とを加えてスラリー状とし、これをポットミル、アトライター等の湿式粉砕混合機を用いて湿式粉砕混合する。この湿式粉砕混合機は次工程での噴霧乾燥造粒装置による造粒が可能な二次粒子径まで粉砕できる機種であればいかなるものでもよい。
【0024】
水の添加量は、水酸化リチウムとマンガン化合物との合計量を基準にして、好ましくは10〜40質量%、より好ましくは15〜25質量%に相当する量とする。水の添加量が10質量%未満の場合には、得られる含水混合物において水酸化リチウムの溶解量が十分ではなく、かつ粘度が高くて分散が困難となる傾向がある。一方、水の添加量が40質量%を超える場合には、得られる含水混合物の乾燥に比較的長時間を要し(乾燥速度が遅くなり)、また乾燥中に生じる固液分離が大きくなり、従ってリチウムの均一分散が大きく阻害される傾向がある。
【0025】
分散剤の添加量は、水100質量部あたり、好ましくは0.01〜5質量部、より好ましくは0.05〜2質量部に相当する量とする。分散剤の添加量が水100質量部あたり0.01質量部未満である場合には分散剤の添加効果が不十分であり、一方、分散剤の添加量が水100質量部あたり5質量部を超える場合には、過分散による再凝集を促進したり、焼成時の分散剤分解物が多くなり、反応を阻害するため、好ましくない。
【0026】
また、B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを用いて本発明の製造方法を実施した場合には、LiMnのマンガンイオンのサイトの一部がB、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga又はPのイオンで置換された変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子が得られる。このことは当業界において公知であり、上記の各々の水溶性化合物は公知の量で添加される。また、このような変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いた場合には充放電サイクル特性が更に改善されることが多い。
【0027】
このようにして得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて造粒する。この噴霧乾燥造粒工程を採用することにより、最終製品であるリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子について二次粒子径のコントロールができ、リチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子におけるマンガン酸リチウムの組成が非常に均一となり、従って、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いた場合には放電容量の高い二次電池となる。これに対して、噴霧乾燥造粒工程を採用しない場合には、最終製品であるリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子について二次粒子径のコントロールができず、不揃いの二次粒子となり、リチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子におけるマンガン酸リチウムの組成が部分的に不均一となり、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いた場合には放電容量の低下した二次電池となる。
【0028】
噴霧乾燥造粒工程においては、通常、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μm、好ましくは1〜30μmの粒子を形成する。平均二次粒子径が100μmを越える場合には、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いて電池を製造する際に作業性が悪くなる。逆に、平均二次粒子径が0.1μm未満の場合には、非常に微粒子であるので、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いて電池にした後で、Mnが電解液中へ溶出する懸念がある。更に、リチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子の製造において作業者が徴粉を吸入する危険性にさらされることになる。
【0029】
このようにして得られた粒状物を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱して乾燥させ、引き続いて温度を350〜600℃、好ましくは400〜550℃に上昇させてその温度で空気気流中または酸素気流中で1〜15時間焼成する。水酸化リチウムの融点は445℃であるので、特に450〜500℃の温度で焼成することにより、リチウムイオンがマンガン化合物の細孔内部に浸透し、均一なマンガン酸リチウムを得ることができる。
【0030】
引き続いて、温度を650〜1000℃、好ましくは750〜950℃に上昇させてその温度で酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成する。この焼成により、組成の均一化及び未反応物の反応促進を効率良く達成することができ、反応は完結するので、得られるリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子を正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる。この焼成を650℃未満で実施すると、反応が不十分のため、リチウムマンガン系複酸化物の結晶性は不十分となるだけでなく、未反応物の残留や、副生成物が生じ、正極活物質として十分な特性を達成することができない。
【0031】
一般的には、焼成温度が800℃を越えると、リチウムマンガン系複酸化物の結晶性が高くなるが、酸素欠損のためにリチウムイオンの侵入、脱離による結晶崩壊が起こり易くなり、そのようなリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子を正極材料として用いた二次電池では充放電サイクル特性が低下すると考えられていたが、本発明においては酸素気流中又は空気気流中で焼成するので酸素の脱離を抑制することができ、1000℃迄の焼成温度が可能となった。
【0032】
このようにして得られたリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子は、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gである粒子であって、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができるリチウムマンガン系複酸化物粒子である。
【0033】
本発明の非水リチウム二次電池は、正極材料として上記のリチウムマンガン系複酸化物を用い、負極材料として従来より使用されている金属リチウム又はリチウム合金を用いるか、又はリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な炭素材料若しくは金属酸化物を用いて構成される。無論、織布、硝子繊維、多孔性合成樹脂膜等のセパレーターを用いるが、その材質については特には限定されない。例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン系の多孔膜は薄膜でかつ大面積化でき、また膜強度や膜抵抗の面で適当である。
【0034】
本発明の非水リチウム二次電池で用いる非水電解液の溶媒は、通常用いられている物で良く、例えばカーボネート類、塩素化炭化水素、エーテル類、ケトン類、ニトリル類等を用いることが出来る。高誘電率溶媒であるエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン等から少なくとも1種類を選択し、低粘度溶媒であるジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エステル類等から少なくとも1種類を選択し、その混合液を用いることが好ましい。
【0035】
支持塩としてはLiClO、LiI、LiPF、LiAlCl、LiBF、CFSOLi等の少なくとも1種類を用いる。電池を使用する環境、電池用途への最適化を考慮して電解液、支持塩は適宜選定・調整すればよいが、0.8〜1.5MのLiPF、LiBF、LiClOを支持塩として用い、EC+DEC、PC+DMC、PC+EMCのうちの少なくとも1種類を溶媒として用いることが望ましい。
【0036】
電池の構造としては角形、ペーパー型、積層型、円筒型、コイン型など様々な形状を採用することが出来る。また、その他の構成部品としては集電帯、絶縁板等があるが、これらは特に限定されるものではなく、上記の形状に応じて適宜選定すればよい。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって限定されることはない。
実施例1
水酸化リチウム(LiOH・HO)と電解二酸化マンガンとを、Li:Mnのモル比が1.1:2となるように配合し、その配合物の合計量の20質量%に相当する量の脱イオン水と分散剤として該脱イオン水の量の0.5質量%に相当する量のポリビニルアルコールとを添加してスラリーを形成した。このスラリーをポットミル中で湿式粉砕混合した。次いで、噴霧乾燥造粒装置によりその熱風入口温度200℃、出口温度100℃に設定して造粒を行った。得られた造粒粉を#100の篩にかけ、粗粒子を除去して平均二次粒子径が10μmの造粒粉を得た。この造粒粉を100℃で1時間加熱して乾燥させ、引き続いて温度を500℃に上昇させてその温度で酸素気流中で12時間焼成した。引き続いて、温度を900℃に上昇させてその温度で酸素気流中で48時間焼成した。
【0038】
得られた焼成物について実施したX線回折及び化学分析の結果から、その組成はLiMnであるマンガン酸リチウムであることが確認できた。また、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子の平均二次粒子径、比表面積及びタップ密度は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0039】
正極活物質としてこの焼成物82質量部を用い、更に、アセチレンブラック10質量部を用い、バインダーとしてポリ弗化ビニリデン8質量部を予めN−メチルー2−ピロリドン58質量部に溶解したものを用い、これらを十分に混合してペーストを得た。
【0040】
このペーストをアルミニウム綱に塗布し、圧着し、乾燥させることによって正極板を作製した。対極には、正極と同じ大きさの金属リチウム板を使用し、正極電位測定には金属リチウム基準電極を用いた。
電解液として1mol/dmの濃度でLiPFを溶解したエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの1:1の混合溶媒を用いることによって試験電池を作製した。
【0041】
上記のようにして作製した試験電池を電流密度0.5mA/cmの定電流で4.3Vまで充電した後、3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクルを繰り返すことによって放電特性を評価した。その際、1充放電サイクル目の放電容量を初期容量(mAh/g)とし、初期容量に対する10充放電サイクル目及び50充放電サイクル目の放電容量の割合をそれぞれ10サイクル目保持率(%)及び50サイクル目保持率(%)とした。それらの結果は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0042】
実施例2
分散剤として脱イオン水の量の0.5質量%に相当する量のポリエチレングリコールを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を製造し、実施例1と同様にして試験電池を作製した。リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の平均二次粒子径、比表面積及びタップ密度、並びに実施例1と同様に測定した試験電池の放電容量及び保持率は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0043】
実施例3
分散剤として脱イオン水の量の0.5質量%に相当する量のグリセリンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を製造し、実施例1と同様にして試験電池を作製した。リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の平均二次粒子径、比表面積及びタップ密度、並びに実施例1と同様に測定した試験電池の放電容量及び保持率は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0044】
比較例1
水酸化リチウム(LiOH・HO)と電解二酸化マンガンとを、LiとMnとのモル比が1.1:2となるように配合し、その配合物の合計量の20質量%に相当する量の脱イオン水を加えてスラリーを調製した。このスラリーをポットミル中で湿式混合し、150℃で乾燥し、解砕処理した後、酸素気流中、900℃で48時間焼成した。
【0045】
得られた焼成物粒子の平均二次粒子径、比表面積及びタップ密度は第1表に示す通りであった。その焼成物粒子を用いて実施例1と同様にして試験電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に測定した試験電池の放電容量及び保持率は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0046】
比較例2
水酸化リチウム(LiOH・HO)と電解二酸化マンガン(EMD)とを、LiとMnとのモル比が1.1:2となるように配合し、その配合物の合計量の20質量%に相当する量の脱イオン水を加えてスラリーを調製した。このスラリーをポットミル中で湿式粉砕混合した。次いで、噴霧乾燥造粒装置によりその熱風入口温度200℃、出口温度100℃に設定して造粒を行った。得られた造粒粉を#100の篩にかけ、粗粒子を除去して平均二次粒子径が10μmの造粒粉を得た。この造粒粉を酸素気流中で900℃で48時間焼成した。
【0047】
得られた焼成物粒子の平均二次粒子径、比表面積及びタップ密度は第1表に示す通りであった。その焼成物粒子を用いて実施例1と同様にして試験電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に測定した試験電池の放電容量及び保持率は第1表に示す通りであった。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 2004155631
【0049】
第1表のデータからも明らかなように、本発明の製造方法である実施例1〜3で得られた電池については、所定の充放電条件下で、高い初期容量及び容量保持率が得られた。一方、正極活物質を生成するに際し、分散剤を添加せず、噴霧乾燥造粒を採用せず、一気に酸素気流中で900℃で焼成した比較例1、噴霧乾燥造粒を採用したが分散剤を添加せず、一気に酸素気流中で900℃で焼成した比較例2で得られた電池については、初期容量及び容量保持率が低く、サイクル特性が悪かった。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法によって得られる本発明のリチウムマンガン系複酸化物は、非水リチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率が改良され、室温及び高温における充放電サイクル特性に優れた非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる均一で粒子径の揃ったリチウムマンガン複酸化物又は変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物である。また、そのようなリチウムマンガン系複酸化物を正極材料として用いている本発明の非水リチウム二次電池は優れた初期容量及び容量保持率を有し、特に高温での充放電サイクル特性に優れている。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles, a method for producing the same, and a secondary battery. Lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles having uniform and uniform particle diameters capable of constituting a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics in, a method for producing the same, and such lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles The present invention relates to a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery used as a positive electrode material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As positive electrode materials for nonaqueous lithium secondary batteries, sulfides and oxides of titanium and molybdenum, and oxides of vanadium and phosphorus have been proposed so far, but these have poor storage stability as batteries, Moreover, since it is expensive, it has not yet been put to practical use.
[0003]
On the other hand, manganese dioxide has already been put into practical use as a positive electrode active material of a nonaqueous primary battery, and manganese dioxide is typically used as a positive electrode active material in a nonaqueous primary battery.
Manganese dioxide is abundant and inexpensive in terms of resources, and is also chemically stable and thus has excellent storage stability as a battery. However, manganese dioxide is not suitable as a positive electrode active material for non-aqueous secondary batteries due to the difficulty in reversibility of secondary batteries, and various manganese oxides modified therewith have been proposed. For example, manganese oxides obtained by heat-treating a mixture of manganese dioxide and a lithium compound and containing lithium in the crystal structure have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). .).
[0004]
These lithium-containing manganese oxides have different compositions and crystal structures of the lithium-containing manganese oxides generated due to the difference in the heat treatment temperature during production. For example, when the heat treatment temperature is 250 to 300 ° C., In the X-ray diffraction diagram, a manganese oxide having a crystal structure having peaks around 2θ = 22 °, 31.7 °, 37 °, 42 °, and 55 ° is obtained. When the temperature is 300 to 430 ° C., Li 2 MnO 3 And a manganese oxide having a spinel structure at a temperature of 600 to 900 ° C. Furthermore, firing at a high temperature of 900 ° C. or higher results in high crystallinity. 2 Are generated, and the charge-discharge cycle characteristics are deteriorated.
[0005]
In these reforming methods, manganese dioxide and a lithium compound are reacted with each other in a solid phase, so that the modification does not reach the inside of the manganese dioxide particles, and thus deteriorates in a charge / discharge cycle at a high current density. Had the disadvantage of being fast.
Therefore, a method has been proposed in which manganese dioxide is immersed in an aqueous solution in which a lithium compound is dissolved, evaporated to dryness, and then heat-treated to advance the reforming reaction to the inside of the pores of the manganese dioxide particles (for example, Patent Documents). 4).
[0006]
It is also known that the particle size of the positive electrode active material used for producing a battery greatly affects the initial capacity and the capacity retention of the battery (for example, see Patent Document 5).
However, the lithium-containing manganese dioxide that has been proposed so far has insufficient electrochemical activity for secondary battery applications, and therefore, non-aqueous lithium composed of such a lithium-containing manganese dioxide as a positive electrode In the secondary battery, the initial capacity and the capacity retention were insufficient, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics were insufficient.
[0007]
It has been proposed to use a composite oxide of lithium and manganese obtained by heat-treating a mixture of manganese dioxide or a manganese salt and a lithium compound as a positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery (for example, Patent Document 6, Patent Document 6). 7, see Patent Document 8.). However, the lithium manganese double oxide obtained by any of the techniques cannot provide a secondary battery having high initial capacity and long-term capacity retention.
[0008]
Further, lithium hydroxide and a manganese compound selected from manganese dioxide and manganese carbonate were wet-mixed with a mixed solvent of water and a hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble solvent and / or a dispersant, and the obtained slurry was dried. Thereafter, it is crushed, fired first at 350 to 500 ° C., cooled to 45 ° C. or less, crushed again, and fired again at 600 to 800 ° C. It has been proposed to use it as a positive electrode of a battery (for example, see Patent Document 9). However, the long-term capacity retention of a lithium secondary battery using the thus obtained lithium manganese double oxide as a positive electrode is not always sufficient.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-114064
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-63-187569
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-1-235158
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-2-183963
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2000-58041 A
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A-6-203834
[Patent Document 7]
JP-A-7-245106
[Patent Document 8]
JP-A-7-307155
[Patent Document 9]
JP-A-10-289709
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention provides a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having improved initial capacity and capacity retention by using it as a positive electrode material of a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, and having excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics at room temperature and high temperature. Lithium manganese double oxide or modified lithium manganese double oxide (in this specification, both are described as lithium manganese double oxide) having uniform and uniform particle diameter, and a method for producing the same And a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery that uses such lithium manganese-based double oxide particles as a cathode material, has an excellent initial capacity and capacity retention, and is particularly excellent in charge-discharge cycle characteristics at high temperatures. It is intended to provide.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, when wet milling and mixing a lithium compound and a manganese compound, a low-viscosity uniform slurry was prepared using a dispersant to obtain a slurry. The above object is achieved by forming particles having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm from the obtained slurry by using a spray-drying granulator and firing the particles under specific temperature conditions. And arrived at the present invention.
[0012]
That is, the lithium manganese double oxide particles of the present invention are prepared by wet-pulverizing and mixing a lithium compound and a manganese compound in the presence of a dispersant to prepare a low-viscosity uniform slurry, and spray-drying and granulating the obtained slurry. Using an apparatus, particles having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm are formed, the particles are heated at 80 to 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, and the temperature is increased to 350 to 600 ° C. to 1 to 15 Baking for an hour, further raising the temperature to 600 to 1000 ° C. and baking for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or an air stream, the average secondary particle diameter is 0.1 to 100 μm, and the tap density is Is 1.6 g / cm 3 And the specific surface area is 0.1 to 2 m 2 / G lithium manganese double oxide particles, which can constitute a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having an improved initial capacity and capacity retention by being used as a positive electrode material. .
[0013]
The modified lithium manganese composite oxide particles of the present invention are characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P, and a lithium compound. A manganese compound is wet-pulverized and mixed in the presence of a dispersant to prepare a low-viscosity uniform slurry, and the average secondary particle diameter of the obtained slurry is 0.1 to 100 μm using a spray-drying granulation apparatus. Form particles, heat the particles at 80-150 ° C. for 30 minutes-2 hours, raise the temperature to 350-600 ° C. and calcine for 1-15 hours, further raise the temperature to 600-1000 ° C. It is obtained by firing for 1 to 70 hours in an air stream or air stream, has an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm, and has a tap density of 1.6 g / cm. 3 And the specific surface area is 0.1 to 2 m 2 / G modified lithium manganese double oxide particles which can constitute a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having an improved initial capacity and capacity retention by being used as a positive electrode material It is.
[0014]
The method for producing lithium manganese double oxide particles for a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention is to prepare a low-viscosity uniform slurry by wet grinding and mixing a lithium compound and a manganese compound in the presence of a dispersant, From the obtained slurry, particles having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm are formed using a spray-drying granulator, and the particles are heated at 80 to 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, and the temperature is increased to 350 to The temperature is raised to 600 ° C. and calcined for 1 to 15 hours, and the temperature is further raised to 600 to 1000 ° C. and calcined for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or an air stream, and the average secondary particle diameter is 0.1 to 100 μm and tap density 1.6 g / cm 3 And the specific surface area is 0.1 to 2 m 2 / G of lithium manganese double oxide particles.
[0015]
The method for producing modified lithium manganese double oxide particles for a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention comprises a water-soluble compound of each of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P. At least one selected from the group, a lithium compound and a manganese compound are wet-pulverized and mixed in the presence of a dispersant to prepare a uniform slurry having a low viscosity, and the obtained slurry is averaged using a spray-drying granulator. Forming particles having a secondary particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm, heating the particles at 80 to 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, raising the temperature to 350 to 600 ° C., and firing for 1 to 15 hours; The temperature is raised to 600 to 1000 ° C. and calcined in an oxygen stream or an air stream for 1 to 70 hours, the average secondary particle diameter is 0.1 to 100 μm, and the tap density is 1.6 g / cm. 3 And the specific surface area is 0.1 to 2 m 2 / G modified lithium manganese double oxide particles.
[0016]
The non-aqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention uses the above-described lithium manganese double oxide particles or modified lithium manganese double oxide particles as a positive electrode material, and can absorb and release metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or lithium as a negative electrode material. It is characterized by using a carbon material or a metal oxide.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
LiOH, LiF, Li can be used as a starting material in the present invention. 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 And the like, but are not limited thereto.
[0018]
Manganese compounds, manganese carbonate, and the like can be given as manganese compounds that can be used as starting materials in the present invention, and various manganese dioxides and manganese carbonates can be used. For example, as manganese dioxide, Mn obtained by firing manganese ore at a temperature of 400 ° C. or more 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 Chemically synthesized manganese dioxide obtained by disproportionating a lower manganese oxide such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or a mineral acid such as a mixture thereof can be used. Also, electrolytic manganese dioxide obtained by electrolysis can be used.
[0019]
As water-soluble compounds of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P which can be used as starting materials in the present invention, B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn , Ga and P, water-soluble ones among sulfates, nitrates, acetates, oxalates, carbonates, halides, hydroxides, oxides and the like. For example, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium acetate, magnesium chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum iodide, sodium aluminate and the like can be used.
[0020]
In the present invention, a lithium compound and a manganese compound are wet-pulverized and mixed to form a slurry, or from a water-soluble compound of each of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P. A slurry is formed by wet pulverizing and mixing at least one selected from the group consisting of a lithium compound and a manganese compound. At this time, a dispersant is present to form a uniform slurry having a low viscosity.
[0021]
Examples of the dispersant that can be used in the present invention include methylcellulose, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, low molecular weight water-soluble acrylic resin, polyether polyol, and the like, and they may be used alone. It is also possible to use two or more kinds in combination.
[0022]
In wet milling and mixing in the presence of a dispersing agent, the lithium compound is in a state of being dissolved in the water constituting the slurry, and the dissolved lithium compound is in a state of being highly dispersed in the manganese compound, and has a low viscosity and uniformity. Slurries. By adopting such a state, the lithium manganese-based double oxide particles obtained through the steps described below are extremely uniform in composition, and therefore, the initial capacity and the capacity retention are improved by using as a positive electrode material. A non-aqueous lithium secondary battery can be configured.
[0023]
In the wet grinding and mixing, for example, lithium hydroxide (LiOH.H 2 O) and a manganese compound are usually blended so that the molar ratio of Li: Mn is 0.7: 2 to 1.3: 2, preferably 1: 2 to 1.1: 2, and water and A slurry is formed by adding a dispersant, and the slurry is wet-pulverized and mixed using a wet-pulverizer / mixer such as a pot mill or an attritor. This wet pulverizer / mixer may be of any type as long as it can be pulverized to a secondary particle size that can be granulated by a spray drying granulator in the next step.
[0024]
The amount of water added is preferably 10 to 40% by mass, more preferably 15 to 25% by mass, based on the total amount of lithium hydroxide and the manganese compound. If the amount of water added is less than 10% by mass, the resulting aqueous mixture tends to have an insufficient amount of lithium hydroxide to dissolve and has a high viscosity, making dispersion difficult. On the other hand, when the addition amount of water exceeds 40% by mass, it takes a relatively long time to dry the obtained water-containing mixture (the drying speed becomes slow), and solid-liquid separation that occurs during drying becomes large, Therefore, the uniform dispersion of lithium tends to be greatly hindered.
[0025]
The amount of the dispersant added is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of water. When the amount of the dispersant is less than 0.01 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of water, the effect of adding the dispersant is insufficient, while the amount of the dispersant is 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of water. If the amount exceeds the above range, reagglomeration due to overdispersion is promoted, and a dispersant decomposed product at the time of baking increases, which is not preferable because the reaction is inhibited.
[0026]
Further, the production of the present invention using at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P, a lithium compound and a manganese compound. When the method was implemented, LiMn 2 O 4 The modified lithium manganese double oxide particles are obtained in which a part of the manganese ion sites are replaced with B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga or P ions. This is known in the art, and each of the above water-soluble compounds is added in known amounts. When such modified lithium manganese double oxide particles are used as a positive electrode material of a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery, the charge / discharge cycle characteristics are often further improved.
[0027]
The slurry thus obtained is granulated using a spray drying granulator. By employing this spray-drying granulation process, the secondary particle size of the final product, lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles, can be controlled, and the composition of lithium manganate in the lithium-manganese-based composite oxide particles is very uniform. Therefore, when used as a positive electrode material of a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, the secondary battery has a high discharge capacity. On the other hand, if the spray-drying granulation step is not adopted, the secondary particle size of the lithium manganese composite oxide particles as the final product cannot be controlled, resulting in irregular secondary particles and lithium manganese composite oxide particles. The composition of lithium manganate in the oxide particles becomes partially nonuniform, and when used as a positive electrode material of a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery, a secondary battery having a reduced discharge capacity is obtained.
[0028]
In the spray drying granulation step, particles having an average secondary particle diameter of usually 0.1 to 100 μm, preferably 1 to 30 μm are formed. When the average secondary particle diameter exceeds 100 μm, workability is deteriorated when a battery is manufactured using the positive electrode material of a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery. Conversely, when the average secondary particle size is less than 0.1 μm, since the particles are very fine particles, Mn elutes into the electrolyte after being used as a positive electrode material of a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery to form a battery. There is a concern. Furthermore, in the production of the lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles, the worker is exposed to the danger of inhaling the dust.
[0029]
The granules thus obtained are dried by heating at 80 to 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, followed by raising the temperature to 350 to 600 ° C., preferably 400 to 550 ° C. Bake for 1 to 15 hours in a medium or oxygen stream. Since the melting point of lithium hydroxide is 445 ° C., by firing at a temperature of particularly 450 to 500 ° C., lithium ions penetrate into the pores of the manganese compound and uniform lithium manganate can be obtained.
[0030]
Subsequently, the temperature is raised to 650 to 1000 ° C., preferably 750 to 950 ° C., and firing is performed at that temperature in an oxygen stream or an air stream for 1 to 70 hours. By this calcination, uniformization of the composition and promotion of the reaction of unreacted substances can be efficiently achieved, and the reaction is completed. Therefore, by using the obtained lithium manganese-based double oxide particles as a positive electrode material, the initial capacity and capacity can be improved. A non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having an improved retention can be formed. If this calcination is carried out at a temperature lower than 650 ° C., not only the reaction is insufficient, so that the crystallinity of the lithium manganese-based composite oxide becomes insufficient, but also unreacted substances remain and by-products are generated, and the positive electrode Insufficient properties can be achieved as a substance.
[0031]
Generally, when the calcination temperature exceeds 800 ° C., the crystallinity of the lithium manganese-based double oxide becomes high, but crystal decay due to intrusion and desorption of lithium ions due to oxygen deficiency tends to occur. It has been considered that the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of a secondary battery using lithium-manganese-based composite oxide particles as a positive electrode material are degraded. However, in the present invention, calcination is performed in an oxygen stream or an air stream, and thus oxygen desorption occurs. , And a firing temperature of up to 1000 ° C. became possible.
[0032]
The lithium manganese-based composite oxide particles thus obtained have an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm and a tap density of 1.6 g / cm. 3 And the specific surface area is 0.1 to 2 m 2 / G particles, which are lithium manganese-based double oxide particles that can constitute a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having an improved initial capacity and capacity retention by being used as a positive electrode material.
[0033]
The non-aqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention uses the above-mentioned lithium manganese-based double oxide as a positive electrode material, and uses metal lithium or a lithium alloy conventionally used as a negative electrode material, or has a function of absorbing and releasing lithium. It is configured using a possible carbon material or metal oxide. Needless to say, a separator such as a woven fabric, a glass fiber, or a porous synthetic resin film is used, but the material is not particularly limited. For example, a polypropylene or polyethylene porous film can be formed into a thin film and can have a large area, and is suitable in terms of film strength and film resistance.
[0034]
The solvent of the nonaqueous electrolyte used in the nonaqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be a commonly used solvent, for example, carbonates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, nitriles and the like. I can do it. High dielectric constant solvent ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, at least one selected from γ-butyrolactone, etc., low-viscosity solvent diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, at least one selected from esters, etc. Preferably, it is used.
[0035]
LiClO as a supporting salt 4 , LiI, LiPF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiBF 4 , CF 3 SO 3 At least one type such as Li is used. The electrolyte and the supporting salt may be appropriately selected and adjusted in consideration of the environment in which the battery is used and the optimization for the battery application. 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 Is preferably used as a supporting salt, and at least one of EC + DEC, PC + DMC and PC + EMC is used as a solvent.
[0036]
As the structure of the battery, various shapes such as a square shape, a paper type, a laminated type, a cylindrical type, and a coin type can be adopted. Other components include a current collector band, an insulating plate, and the like, but these are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the shape described above.
[0037]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH / H 2 O) and electrolytic manganese dioxide are compounded so that the molar ratio of Li: Mn is 1.1: 2, and deionized water in an amount corresponding to 20% by mass of the total amount of the mixture and a dispersant are used. An amount of polyvinyl alcohol corresponding to 0.5% by mass of the amount of the deionized water was added to form a slurry. This slurry was wet-pulverized and mixed in a pot mill. Next, granulation was performed by setting the hot air inlet temperature to 200 ° C. and the outlet temperature to 100 ° C. using a spray drying granulator. The obtained granulated powder was passed through a # 100 sieve to remove coarse particles to obtain a granulated powder having an average secondary particle diameter of 10 μm. The granulated powder was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and subsequently, the temperature was increased to 500 ° C. and calcined at that temperature in an oxygen stream for 12 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 900 ° C. and calcination was performed at that temperature for 48 hours in an oxygen stream.
[0038]
From the results of X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis performed on the obtained fired product, the composition was LiMn. 2 O 4 Was confirmed to be lithium manganate. The average secondary particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density of the obtained lithium manganate particles were as shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Using 82 parts by mass of this calcined material as a positive electrode active material, further, using 10 parts by mass of acetylene black, using 8 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride dissolved in 58 parts by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in advance as a binder, These were sufficiently mixed to obtain a paste.
[0040]
This paste was applied to an aluminum rope, pressed and dried to produce a positive electrode plate. As a counter electrode, a metal lithium plate having the same size as the positive electrode was used, and a metal lithium reference electrode was used for positive electrode potential measurement.
1mol / dm as electrolyte 3 LiPF at a concentration of 6 A test battery was prepared by using a 1: 1 mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in which was dissolved.
[0041]
The test battery prepared as described above was subjected to a current density of 0.5 mA / cm. 2 The battery was charged at a constant current of 4.3 V and then discharged to 3.0 V. The charge / discharge cycle was repeated to evaluate the discharge characteristics. At this time, the discharge capacity at the first charge / discharge cycle is defined as the initial capacity (mAh / g), and the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 10th charge / discharge cycle and the 50th charge / discharge cycle to the initial capacity is the retention rate (%) at the 10th cycle. And the 50th cycle retention (%). The results were as shown in Table 1.
[0042]
Example 2
Lithium manganese double oxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethylene glycol was used in an amount corresponding to 0.5% by mass of the amount of deionized water as a dispersant. A test battery was prepared. The average secondary particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density of the lithium manganese double oxide particles, and the discharge capacity and retention of the test battery measured in the same manner as in Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
[0043]
Example 3
Lithium-manganese double oxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that glycerin was used in an amount equivalent to 0.5% by mass of the amount of deionized water as a dispersant, and tested in the same manner as in Example 1. A battery was manufactured. The average secondary particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density of the lithium manganese double oxide particles, and the discharge capacity and retention of the test battery measured in the same manner as in Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
[0044]
Comparative Example 1
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH / H 2 O) and electrolytic manganese dioxide are blended so that the molar ratio of Li to Mn is 1.1: 2, and an amount of deionized water corresponding to 20% by mass of the total amount of the blend is added. A slurry was prepared. This slurry was wet-mixed in a pot mill, dried at 150 ° C., crushed, and baked at 900 ° C. for 48 hours in an oxygen stream.
[0045]
The average secondary particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density of the obtained fired product particles were as shown in Table 1. A test battery was prepared using the fired particles in the same manner as in Example 1, and the discharge capacity and the retention of the test battery measured in the same manner as in Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
[0046]
Comparative Example 2
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH / H 2 O) and electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) are blended such that the molar ratio of Li to Mn is 1.1: 2, and an amount of deionized water corresponding to 20% by mass of the total amount of the blend is mixed. Was added to prepare a slurry. This slurry was wet-pulverized and mixed in a pot mill. Next, granulation was performed by setting the hot air inlet temperature to 200 ° C. and the outlet temperature to 100 ° C. using a spray drying granulator. The obtained granulated powder was passed through a # 100 sieve to remove coarse particles to obtain a granulated powder having an average secondary particle diameter of 10 μm. The granulated powder was fired at 900 ° C. for 48 hours in an oxygen stream.
[0047]
The average secondary particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density of the obtained fired product particles were as shown in Table 1. A test battery was prepared using the fired particles in the same manner as in Example 1, and the discharge capacity and the retention of the test battery measured in the same manner as in Example 1 were as shown in Table 1.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004155631
[0049]
As is clear from the data in Table 1, the batteries obtained in Examples 1 to 3, which are the production methods of the present invention, have a high initial capacity and a high capacity retention under predetermined charge and discharge conditions. Was. On the other hand, in producing the positive electrode active material, Comparative Example 1 in which the dispersant was not added, spray-dried granulation was employed, and sintering was performed at 900 ° C. in an oxygen stream at a stretch, and spray-dried granulation was employed. The battery obtained in Comparative Example 2 which was baked at 900 ° C. in a stream of oxygen without adding any of the above was low in initial capacity and capacity retention and poor in cycle characteristics.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
The lithium manganese-based composite oxide of the present invention obtained by the production method of the present invention has improved initial capacity and capacity retention by being used as a positive electrode material of a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, and has charge-discharge cycle characteristics at room temperature and high temperature. It is a lithium manganese double oxide or a modified lithium manganese double oxide having a uniform and uniform particle size that can constitute a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having excellent characteristics. Further, the non-aqueous lithium secondary battery of the present invention using such a lithium manganese-based composite oxide as a positive electrode material has excellent initial capacity and capacity retention, and is particularly excellent in charge-discharge cycle characteristics at high temperatures. ing.

Claims (5)

リチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成することにより得られ、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gであるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子であって、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子。A lithium compound and a manganese compound are wet-pulverized and mixed in the presence of a dispersant to prepare a low-viscosity uniform slurry, and the average secondary particle diameter of the obtained slurry is 0.1% by using a spray-drying granulator. Form particles of 100100 μm, heat the particles at 80-150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, raise the temperature to 350-600 ° C., bake for 1-15 hours, and further raise the temperature to 600-1000 ° C. And calcined for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or an air stream, the average secondary particle diameter is 0.1 to 100 μm, the tap density is 1.6 g / cm 3 or more, and the ratio is Lithium-manganese double oxide particles having a surface area of 0.1 to 2 m 2 / g, and can be used as a positive electrode material to constitute a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having improved initial capacity and capacity retention. Lichi Um-manganese double oxide particles. B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成することにより得られ、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gである変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子であって、正極材料として用いることにより初期容量及び容量保持率の改良された非水リチウム二次電池を構成することができる変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子。Wet pulverization of at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P, a lithium compound and a manganese compound in the presence of a dispersant A low-viscosity uniform slurry is prepared by mixing, and particles having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm are formed from the obtained slurry by using a spray-drying granulator, and the particles are heated to 80 to 150 ° C. For 30 minutes to 2 hours, raise the temperature to 350 to 600 ° C. and bake for 1 to 15 hours, then raise the temperature to 600 to 1000 ° C. and bake for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or air stream Modified lithium manganese having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm, a tap density of 1.6 g / cm 3 or more, and a specific surface area of 0.1 to 2 m 2 / g. Double oxide particles Thus, modified lithium manganese double oxide particles capable of constituting a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery having an improved initial capacity and capacity retention by being used as a positive electrode material. リチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成して、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gであるリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を得ることを特徴とする非水リチウム二次電池用のリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の製造方法。A lithium compound and a manganese compound are wet-pulverized and mixed in the presence of a dispersant to prepare a low-viscosity uniform slurry, and the average secondary particle diameter of the obtained slurry is 0.1% by using a spray-drying granulator. Form particles of 100100 μm, heat the particles at 80-150 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, raise the temperature to 350-600 ° C., bake for 1-15 hours, and further raise the temperature to 600-1000 ° C. It is baked for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or an air stream, has an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm, a tap density of 1.6 g / cm 3 or more, and has a specific surface area of 0. 1. A method for producing lithium manganese double oxide particles for a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, wherein lithium manganese double oxide particles having a particle size of 1 to 2 m 2 / g are obtained. B、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga及びPの各々の水溶性化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とリチウム化合物とマンガン化合物とを分散剤の存在下で湿式粉砕混合して低粘度の均一なスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーから噴霧乾燥造粒装置を用いて平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmの粒子を形成し、その粒子を80〜150℃で30分〜2時間加熱し、温度を350〜600℃に上昇させて1〜15時間焼成し、更に温度を600〜1000℃に上昇させて酸素気流中又は空気気流中で1〜70時間焼成して、平均二次粒子径が0.1〜100μmであり、タップ密度が1.6g/cm以上であり、且つ比表面積が0.1〜2m/gである変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を得ることを特徴とする非水リチウム二次電池用の変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子の製造方法。Wet pulverization of at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds of B, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga and P, a lithium compound and a manganese compound in the presence of a dispersant A low-viscosity uniform slurry is prepared by mixing, and particles having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm are formed from the obtained slurry by using a spray-drying granulator, and the particles are heated to 80 to 150 ° C. For 30 minutes to 2 hours, raise the temperature to 350 to 600 ° C. and bake for 1 to 15 hours, then raise the temperature to 600 to 1000 ° C. and bake for 1 to 70 hours in an oxygen stream or air stream And a modified lithium manganese double oxide having an average secondary particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm, a tap density of 1.6 g / cm 3 or more, and a specific surface area of 0.1 to 2 m 2 / g. Characterized by obtaining particles For producing modified lithium manganese double oxide particles for a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery. 正極材料として請求項1記載のリチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子又は請求項2記載の変性リチウムマンガン複酸化物粒子を用い、負極材料として金属リチウム、リチウム合金、又はリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な炭素材料若しくは金属酸化物を用いて構成されていることを特徴とする非水リチウム二次電池。The lithium manganese double oxide particles according to claim 1 or the modified lithium manganese double oxide particles according to claim 2 are used as a positive electrode material, and metal lithium, a lithium alloy, or a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is used as a negative electrode material. Alternatively, a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery is formed using a metal oxide.
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