JP2004150393A

JP2004150393A - Screw type multistage compressor switchable to multistage compression and single stage compression and refrigerating and cooling system using it

Info

Publication number: JP2004150393A
Application number: JP2002318528A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Takayuki Kishi; 孝幸岸; Sadaji Seito; 貞二生頭; Teio Osuga; 廷王大須賀
Original assignee: Mayekawa Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Mayekawa Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 2002-10-31
Filing date: 2002-10-31
Publication date: 2004-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-31
Also published as: JP3966547B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a screw type multistage compressor and a refrigerating and cooling system using it whereby the multistage compressor can be switched to function as an original multistage compressor and function as a single stage compressor for respective compression stages independently, to generate an extremely low temperature in the daytime and to supply cold heat at night. <P>SOLUTION: In this screw type multistage compressor, a delivery port of a low pressure stage and a suction port of a high pressure stage are connected to each other at a connection passage through a selector valve, and a check valve is provided on an upstream side of a suction passage branching at a connection part. The multistage compressor can be switched by switch of the selector valve to function as the two stage compressor and as the single stage compressor for the respective compression stages independently. In the daytime, multistage compression operation is performed with the usage of the multistage compressor in order to cope with the load of a freezer requiring the extremely low temperature. At night, the operation is switched to the operation wherein the respective compression stages are functioned as the single stage compressor in order to store the cold heat. The cold heat is used for air-conditioning of a factory or for as cold water production processes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、同一芯を有する軸上に構成され１台の駆動機で駆動される所謂単機多段スクリュー圧縮機に関し、特に多段圧縮と単段圧縮とに切り替えることが可能な多段圧縮機と該多段圧縮機を使用した、冷熱蓄熱槽を備えた冷凍・冷却システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
現在、食品などの生産工場に使用されている冷凍庫或は連続式凍結装置（フリーザ）に使用されている冷凍機は昼間の生産時のみ運転を行い、生産を行わない夜間は停止されているのが通常である。冷凍機を昼夜運転して、昼間は野菜類を真空冷却し、その際野菜類から蒸発した水分を槽に貯留しておき、夜間は前記冷凍機の運転により前記槽の水を冷却して野菜類の保冷を行うシステムが開示されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
【０００３】
また、主圧縮要素と副圧縮要素を有する圧縮機において、容量制御運転（冷媒流量を少なくする運転）の際の圧縮機の断熱効率が低下する問題の解決策として、冷凍サイクルの負荷が小さく冷媒流量を減じるときは、前記副圧縮要素と主圧縮要素が直列に連結されるように二方弁と逆止弁を配設した容量制御冷凍サイクルが開示されている。（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特公昭６０―３６５４８号公報
【特許文献２】
特開昭５９―１５０９９１号公報
【０００５】
しかしながら、前記特許文献１の開示は、冷凍機に関しては単に従来の冷凍機を昼夜運転することであり、前記特許文献２の開示では、冷凍サイクルの負荷が低いときに２つの圧縮要素を直列に連結して所謂２段圧縮機として運転するが、多段で圧縮して圧縮比を大きくするのが目的ではなく、容量制御することを目的としており、低圧段である副圧縮要素の理論押のけ量は高圧段である主圧縮要素の理論押のけ量の０．５〜１．５倍としている。したがって、通常の圧縮比を高めるための多段圧縮機ではない。
【０００６】
ところで、近年産業用プロセスの温度が著しく低下し、特に食品業界においては解凍時の脂肪の溶出防止その他の品質保持の面から要求される冷凍温度が−３０℃以下が殆んどであり、特にマグロ等の高価格食品においては冷凍保存温度は−５０℃〜−６０℃と大幅に低くなっている。そして、このような低い冷凍温度を得ようとすると１段圧縮機では圧縮機の効率が低くなるので２段圧縮機等の多段圧縮機が用いられる。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
食品工場における冷凍庫に使用される冷凍機は昼間の生産時のみ運転され、夜間は運転されずに静止している、つまり夜間は遊休施設となっている。冷凍温度が低いほど圧縮機の所要圧縮比は高くなる。夜間に冷凍機を運転して冷熱を冷熱蓄熱槽に蓄熱する場合、冷熱蓄熱槽の水を冷却するには前記した昼間の生産時に必要とされるほどの低温は必要ではない。昼間には高い圧縮比で強力な冷凍能力を発揮できる多段運転を行い、夜間には多い台数を低い圧縮比で運転して大量の冷熱を蓄熱槽に蓄熱することにより、昼夜運転によって冷凍機の稼働率を高めてランニングコストの節減を図るのに適する多段圧縮機を提供するのが本発明の目的の１つである。昼夜とも高い圧縮比で運転すると、圧縮機の寿命日数は短くなる。従来のように、昼間は所要の高い圧縮比の圧縮機を運転し、夜間は別の低い圧縮比の圧縮機を運転するように別々の圧縮機を用意することなく、本発明の多段圧縮機を用いて、昼間は２段圧縮の高圧縮比で強力な冷凍運転を行い、夜間には単段圧縮運転に切り替えて冷熱を製造して蓄熱し、該冷熱を昼間に必要とされる冷房や冷水製造に使用する、冷凍・冷却システムを提供することが本発明の他の目的である。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するために、本発明は、同一芯を有する軸上に雄・雌ロータ対からなる２つの圧縮段を設けたスクリュー式多段圧縮機において、低圧段の吐出口と高圧段の吸入口が切替弁を介して接続通路で接続され、該接続部で分岐する吸入通路の上流側に逆止弁を設けてなり、前記切替弁の切り替えにより２段圧縮機として或は各圧縮段が夫々独立の単段圧縮機として機能することを特徴とするスクリュー式多段圧縮機を提案する。
【０００９】
前記切替弁により、低圧段の吐出口を高圧段の吸入口に連通させた場合は、低圧段吸入口から吸入された流体は該低圧段で圧縮されてその吐出口から吐出され、高圧段の吸入口に進むが、高圧段吸入口には逆止弁が設けられていて吸入管側へは進めないので高圧段に吸入されて圧縮され、流体は２段圧縮される。前記切替弁により低圧段吐出口と高圧段吸入口との連通を遮断して、吸入管から低圧段に吸入された流体は低圧段で圧縮して外部へ吐出し、吸入管から高圧段に吸入された流体は高圧段で圧縮して外部へ吐出するようにすれば、低圧段と高圧段とはそれぞれ独立の２台の単段圧縮機として機能することになる。
【００１０】
また、２段圧縮機は、低圧段圧縮機と高圧段圧縮機を連結する中間ケーシングと、該中間ケーシング内で低圧段雄ロータ軸の吸入側軸端部と高圧段雄ロータ軸の吐出側軸端部とを軸方向はフリーで回転を伝えるカップリングと、前記低圧段雄ロータ軸の吸入側に設けられた低圧段主バランスピストンと、それよりも軸端側に設けられた前記主バランスピストンの外径よりも小径の副バランスピストンと、これら主、副バランスピストンの外周が微小間隙で嵌合する固定スリーブと、前記高圧段雄ロータ軸の吸入側に設けられた高圧段バランスピストンと、前記低圧段雄ロータ軸の大気開放側（即ち駆動側）に設けた軸封装置とを含み、高圧段圧縮機は軸封装置を備えない構成とするのがよい。
【００１１】
スクリュー圧縮機では、吸入圧力と吐出圧力との圧力差でロータの吐出側から吸入側へのスラスト力が発生し、該スラストはスラスト軸受けで支えるのであるが、該スラスト力を軽減してスラストベアリングの寿命の延長を図るために、バランスピストンを設けて油圧により吸入側から吐出側へのスラスト力を発生させることが行われる。前記吸入側方向へのスラスト力を発生させる流体差圧は、二段圧縮運転時と単段圧縮運転時で低圧段圧縮機において大きく異なる。二段圧縮運転時の差圧は低圧段圧縮機で約０．３Ｍｐａ、高圧段圧縮機で約１．２Ｍｐａであり、この場合低圧段圧縮機ではスラスト力は小さく、バランスピストンによりカウンタースラストを発生させるまでもなくスラスト軸受けで十分に支持することができる。単段圧縮運転時の差圧は約１．１Ｍｐａであり、スラスト軸受けの寿命を延ばすためにバランスピストンによるカウンタースラスト力が必要になる。
【００１２】
また、吐出側のケーシングカバーであるベアリングヘッドから外部に露出する雄ロータ軸の大気開放側即ち駆動側には軸封装置が設けられるのが通常である。
本発明の多段圧縮機では、低圧段吸入側のケーシングカバーであるサクションカバーと高圧段吐出側のケーシングカバーであるベアリングヘッドが中間ケーシングで結合され、低圧段雄ロータ軸吸入側軸端部と高圧段雄ロータ軸吐出側軸端部とが回転のみを伝えるカップリングで連結され、高圧段雄ロータ軸の駆動側軸端部は前記中間ケーシング内にあるので、該高圧段雄ロータ軸駆動側には軸封装置を設けずに、その分全長の短縮を図っている。
【００１３】
前記の流体差圧から、請求項２に記載の多段圧縮機を２段圧縮機として機能させる場合は、高圧段バランスピストンには圧力油を供給し、低圧段主、副バランスピストン間には圧力油を供給しない構成とするのがよい。また、請求項２に記載の多段圧縮機を単段圧縮機として機能させる場合は、前記した差圧の実情から、高圧段、低圧段のバランスピストンに圧力油を供給するのがよい。
【００１４】
請求項２記載の構成の場合、夫々の圧縮段を単段圧縮機として機能させるように運転する場合は、高圧段圧縮機は従来の構成のバランスピストンにより吸入側から圧縮側へのスラスト力を発生させるが、低圧段圧縮機は、前記主バランスピストンと副バランスピストンの間の空間に油圧を供給して吸入側から吐出側へのスラスト力を発生させる。従来構成のバランスピストンは、バランスピストンと吸入側軸端部のカバーとの間に形成されるバランスピストン室に油圧が供給されるが、本発明の構成では、主バランスピストンと外径が該主バランスピストンよりも小さい副バランスピストンと両者の外径に微小間隙で嵌合する固定スリーブにより形成される空間がバランスピストン室として機能するものである。
【００１５】
また、前記多段圧縮機を２段圧縮機として機能させる場合は高圧段ロータ室には潤滑油の噴出を行わないように構成する。２段圧縮の場合は低圧段のロータ室に噴出された潤滑油は低圧段で圧縮された流体とともに高圧段に入って高圧段ロータの潤滑を行う。なお、各圧縮段を独立の単段圧縮機として機能させる場合は、低圧段、高圧段のロータ室共に潤滑油を噴出させる。
【００１６】
本発明による多段圧縮機を使用する冷凍・冷却システムは、圧縮機、油分離器、放熱器（凝縮器）、蒸発器からなる蒸気冷凍サイクルの回路の圧縮機に請求項１或は２に記載の多段圧縮機を用い、前記蒸発器は直列接続された第１の蒸発器と第２の蒸発器とからなり、冷媒を前記第１、第２の蒸発器のいずれか一方をバイパスさせる切替弁を設け、前記第１の蒸発器は冷熱蓄熱槽に配設して例えば前記多段圧縮機を単段の２台の圧縮機として運転して冷熱蓄熱を行い、第２の蒸発器は冷凍庫に配設して前記多段圧縮機を−３０℃以下の低温に対応する２段圧縮機として運転して所要の冷凍を行い、前記冷熱蓄熱槽の冷熱は所要の場所に供給する循環回路を設けた構成とする。
【００１７】
この様な構成により、低圧段吐出口と高圧段吸入口とを連通させて圧縮機を多段圧縮機として機能させて、放熱器（凝縮器）を出た冷媒を第１の蒸発器の蒸発器をバイパスさせて第２の蒸発器に導き、該第２の蒸発器は冷凍庫のエアクーラに配設して該冷凍庫を極低温（−３０〜−６０℃）に冷却し、或は低圧段吐出口と高圧段の吸入口との連通を遮断して各圧縮段を夫々単独の複数台の圧縮機として機能させて、放熱器（凝縮器）を出た冷媒を第１の蒸発器に導いて第１の蒸発器はバイパスさせ、前記第２の蒸発器は冷熱蓄熱槽に配設して槽内の冷却媒体、例えば水を冷却するように切り替えることができる。したがって、冷凍庫での冷凍負荷がない時間帯に冷熱蓄熱槽に冷熱を蓄熱しておき、槽内のシャーベット状の氷水を所要の時間帯に所要の個所に設けられたエアクーラ或は熱交換器に導いて冷熱を利用することができる。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図に示した実施例を用いて詳細に説明する。但し、この実施例に記載される寸法、材質、形状、その相対位置などは特に特定的な記載がない限り、この発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく単なる説明例に過ぎない。
【００１９】
図１は本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機の１実施例の主要構成を示す縦断面図であり、図２は図１における低圧段のバランスピストン部の局部拡大図である。図３は本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機の他の実施例の主要構成を示す縦断面である。図４は本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機を用いた冷凍・冷却システムの実施例で、前記２段圧縮機を本来の２段圧縮機として機能させた場合の冷媒の流れを示すブロック図であり、図５は前記２段圧縮機の各段を夫々独立の圧縮機として機能させた場合の冷媒の流れを示す冷凍・冷却システムのブロック図である。
【００２０】
図１は本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式単機２段圧縮機の主要構成を示す縦断面図であり、スクリュー式圧縮機そのものはよく知られたものであるので、簡単な説明に留める。図１において、Ａは２段圧縮機の低圧段、Ｂは高圧段である。高圧段Ｂは、低圧段Ａで圧縮された流体をさらに圧縮するので低圧段Ａよりも押しのけ容量は小さくしてある。５１は低圧段Ａの雄ロータ、５２は高圧段Ｂの雄ロータ、５３は低圧段雄ロータの吸入側軸に設けられた主バランスピストン、５６は副バランスピストン、５７は固定スリーブ、５４は高圧段雄ロータ５２の吸入側軸に設けられたバランスピストンである。５５は両段の雄ロータ軸を同芯に連結し軸方向はフリーで回転力のみを伝えるカップリングである。６１は低圧段Ａのサクションカバーで図には現れない吸入口が設けられ、６２は低圧段のベアリングヘッドで吐出口６２ｂが設けられている。６３は高圧段Ｂのサクションカバーで吸入口６３ａが設けられている。６４は高圧段Ｂのベアリングヘッドで図には現れない吐出口が設けられている。該高圧段ベアリングヘッド６４は中間ケーシング７８を介して前記低圧段サクションカバー６１に結合されている。
両雄ロータ５１、５２は低圧段雄ロータ５１の吐出側から図においては右方に延びた軸端側が図示しない駆動機に連結されて駆動される。
【００２１】
低圧段Ａの吐出管７３と高圧段Ｂの吸入分岐管７２は連結管７５で連結され低圧段Ａの吐出管７３との連結部に三方切替弁４が設けてある。図には現れていない低圧段Ａの吸入口には吸入分岐管７１が接続され、図には現れない高圧段Ｂの吐出口には吐出管７４が接続される。６は逆止弁である。前記三方切替弁４が低圧段Ａの吐出口６２ｂと高圧段Ｂの吸入口６３ａを連通する切替え位置の場合は、図中実線矢線で示すように、低圧段Ａで圧縮された流体は連結管７５を通って高圧段Ｂに吸入され、高圧段の吐出管７４に吐出される。その際、高圧段の吸入分岐管７２へは逆止弁６によって阻止されているので逆流しない。即ち、圧縮機は２段圧縮機として機能する。
【００２２】
各段を独立の圧縮機として機能させる場合は、前記三方切替弁４を切り替えると、図中破線矢線で示すように、低圧段Ａの吸入分岐管７１を通って吸入された流体は低圧段Ａで圧縮されて吐出管７３に吐出され、一方、高圧段Ｂの吸入分岐管７２から吸入された流体は高圧段Ｂで圧縮されて吐出管７４を通って吐出される。図１では切替弁４は三方弁としているが、連結管７５と低圧段吐出管７３にニ方弁を設けてもよい。
【００２３】
図２に拡大して示すように、低圧段Ａ雄ロータの吸入側軸５１ａに設けられた主バランスピストン５３と副バランスピストン５６の外周は夫々固定スリーブ５７の対応する内周に微小間隙で嵌合している。該固定スリーブ５７は前記低圧段サクションカバー６１に固定されている。前記主、副バランスピストンは軸５１ａに夫々キー止め５３ａ、５６ａされている。５２ａは高圧段Ｂ雄ロータ５２の吐出側軸である。軸５１ａ、５２ａの軸端部には外周にスプラインを設けたスペーサ５５ａ、５５ｂがキー止め５５ｃ、５５ｄされ、これらのスプラインにカップリング５５の内径スプラインが嵌合して両軸を連結する。５５ｅ，５５ｆはカッププリング５５の移動を止めるスナップリングである。低圧段のバランスピストン部はこのように構成されているので、主、副バランスピストン間の空間Ｓ_２に圧力ｐの油を供給すると、該圧力ｐにより吐出側へ（π／４）×（Ｄ_１ ^２−Ｄ_２ ^２）×ｐのスラスト力が作用し、吐出側と吸入側との圧力差による吸入側へのスラスト力を軽減する。
【００２４】
２段圧縮機として機能させる場合は、低圧段圧縮機での吐出側と吸入側の流体差圧は小さく、スラスト軸受けで十分に支えることができるので、低圧段のバランス油室には圧力油を供給しないようにする。
【００２５】
図３は前記２段圧縮機を本来の２段圧縮機として機能させた場合の本発明に係わる冷凍・冷却システムにおける冷媒の流れを示すブロック図で、この場合の冷媒の流れは太線で示されている。同図において、１０は本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機１を用いる冷凍装置であり、３０は冷凍庫３１、空調を要する作業空間３２、冷水を使用する作業空間３３等の作業場を示し、４０は冷熱の蓄熱部を示す。
【００２６】
前記スクリュー式２段圧縮機１は、同軸芯上に設けられた低圧段２と高圧段３からなり、モータ２５で駆動される。低圧段２の吐出口は、切替弁４を介して、高圧段３の吸入口へ連通するように、或は高圧段３との連通を遮断して油分離器１１に連通するように切り替えることができる。高圧段３の吐出口は油分離器１１に管路で接続されている。また、２段圧縮機１の吸入側の管路は低圧段２の吸入口と高圧段３の吸入口に分岐され、高圧段３の吸入側には逆止弁６が設けられている。
【００２７】
低圧段２に吸入された冷媒蒸気は該低圧段２で圧縮された後、前記切替弁４を通って高圧段３に吸入されてさらに圧縮されて油分離器１１に送出される。また、低圧段２で圧縮された冷媒が吸入される高圧段３の吸入口の圧力は低圧段２の吸入圧力よりも高いので、前記逆止弁６が閉鎖されて高圧段３吸入口から低圧段吸入口に冷媒が還流することはない。このようにして２段圧縮されて高圧段３から吐出された冷媒蒸気は、前記油分離器１１で潤滑油を分離され、放熱器（凝縮器）１２で冷却されて凝縮し膨張弁１３で絞られて圧力が低下して液状体とガス状体が併存する冷媒が三方弁２２を通って蒸発器（エアクーラ）１４に導かれ、冷媒はここの蒸発管内で蒸発してファン１４ａで吹き付けられる空気を冷却し、蒸発した冷媒は三方弁２３を通って低圧段２に吸入される。以上は２段圧縮機１が２段圧縮を行って、冷凍庫３１を−３０℃〜−６０℃にもなる極低温に冷却する場合である。
【００２８】
なお、前記放熱器１２には水ポンプによって冷却水が供給され、冷媒を冷却して凝縮させ、該放熱器１２を出た水は冷却塔１６に導かれて大気により冷却された後再び放熱器１２に供給される。前記油分離器１１で分離された潤滑油は、オイルクーラ１５で冷却され油ポンプ１８を介して圧縮機１の各部に給油２１される。給油個所は、ＭＳが低圧段のメカニカルシール給油、ＬＪが低圧段軸受け給油、ＬＩがインジェクション給油（ロータ室へ噴出）、ＢＰがバランスピストン室給油、ＨＪが高圧段軸受け給油、ＵＬが容量制御弁給油である。なお、２段圧縮機として機能させる場合には、高圧段ロータ室へのインジェクションは行わず、各段を単独の単段圧縮機として機能させる場合には、低圧段、高圧段ともにロータ室への潤滑油噴出を行う。さらに、図１の実施例の場合には、２段圧縮機として機能させる場合には低圧段のバランスピストン室即ち低圧段主、副バランスピストン間の空間には給油を行わない。前記オイルクーラ１５には前記放熱器１２に供給される冷却水が分岐されて供給され、潤滑油を冷却した水は冷却塔１６に送られて冷却される。三方弁１９は前記オイルクーラ１５をバイパスする潤滑油の流量を調節することによってオイルクーラを通る潤滑油の流量を調節し圧縮機に供給される潤滑油の温度を調節する。２０は圧縮機１に供給される潤滑油の流量を調節する可変絞り弁である。
【００２９】
図４は前記２段圧縮機の低圧段及び高圧段を夫々独立した圧縮機として機能させた場合の本発明に係わる冷凍・冷却システムにおける冷媒の流れを示すブロック図で、この場合の冷媒の流れは太線で示されている。同図における各機器の構成は図３における三方切替弁４の代わりにニ方弁５ａ，５ｂが設けられていること以外は図３と同様であるので、符号は説明に関係するもののみに限り他は省略する。なお、二方弁５ａ，５ｂは２個で図３における三方切替弁４と同じ機能を果たすものである。図４においては、二方弁５ａは閉鎖され、二方弁５ｂが開かれた状態である。したがって、低圧段２と高圧段３は夫々冷媒を吸入し、夫々の圧縮比で圧縮して前記油分離器１１に送る。
【００３０】
即ち、各圧縮段は夫々独立した圧縮機として機能する。両段から吐出された冷媒蒸気の圧力は油分離器１１で潤滑油が分離されて放熱器（凝縮器）１２に導かれて凝縮され、膨張弁１３での絞りにより圧力が低下して液状態とガス状態が併存する冷媒が三方弁２２で冷熱蓄熱槽４１内の蒸発管内で蒸発して該蓄熱槽４１内の水を冷却し冷熱が蓄熱される。前記蓄熱槽４１内の蒸発管を出た冷媒は三方弁２３を通って２段圧縮機１の低圧段２及び高圧段３に吸入される。
【００３１】
前記冷熱蓄熱槽４１で冷却された水は、必要に応じて（冷凍室３１を冷却中であっても）水ポンプ４２により工場空調用のエアクーラ３４や冷却プロセス用に所要とされる冷却媒体を冷却するための熱交換器３５に送られて所要の冷却を行い蓄熱槽４１に還流する。なお、蓄熱槽４１内の水はブライン等水以外の冷却媒体であってもよいことは勿論である。
【００３２】
前記冷熱蓄熱槽４１内の冷却媒体を冷却するためには、冷凍機の冷媒蒸発温度をそれほど低くする必要はないので、各圧縮段を夫々独立の単段の複数の圧縮機として機能するように切り替えて運転することによって、従来のように冷熱蓄熱用に別途大型の単段圧縮機を設ける必要がなくなる。
【００３３】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したような形態で実施され、以下に記述されるような効果を奏する。
多段圧縮機を本来の多段圧縮機として高圧縮比が得られるように運転する場合と、各圧縮段を夫々単独の圧縮機として機能させる場合とに切り替えることができるので、１台の多段圧縮機で必要に応じて目的に合った運転を行うことができる。
【００３４】
低圧段雄ロータ吸入側軸と高圧段雄ロータ吐出側軸とを中間ケーシング内で連結し、高圧段雄ロータ吐出側軸には軸封装置を設けず、低圧段雄ロータ吸入側軸には主バランスピストンとともに副バランスピストンを設ける構成としたので、多段圧縮機の全長を短縮することができる。
【００３５】
昼間は本来の２段圧縮機として機能させて極低温の冷凍庫の負荷に応じた運転を行い、夜間は夫々の圧縮段を単段圧縮機として機能するように切り替えて冷熱蓄熱用に運転して、蓄熱された冷熱を昼間の所要個所に冷熱源として供給することができるので、冷凍設備の稼働率を高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機の１実施例の主要構成を示す縦断面図である。
【図２】図１における低圧段のバランスピストン部の局部拡大図である。
【図３】本発明の実施例に係わるスクリュー式２段圧縮機を用いた冷凍・冷却システムの実施例で、前記２段圧縮機を本来の２段圧縮機として機能させた場合の冷媒の流れを示すブロック図である。
【図４】前記２段圧縮機の各段を夫々独立の圧縮機として機能させた場合の冷媒の流れを示す冷凍・冷却システムのブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
１スクリュー式２段圧縮機
２低圧段
３高圧段
４三方切替弁（切替弁）
５ａ，５ｂニ方弁
６逆止弁
１１油分離器
１２放熱器（凝縮器）
１３膨張弁
１４蒸発器（エアクーラ）
１５オイルクーラ
１６冷却塔
１８油ポンプ
１９、２２、２３三方弁
（２０可変絞り弁）
３４エアクーラ
３５熱交換器
４１冷熱蓄熱槽
４２水ポンプ
５１低圧段雄ロータ
５２高圧段雄ロータ
５３主バランスピストン
５４バランスピストン
５５カップリング
５６副バランスピストン
５７固定スリーブ
６１低圧段サクションカバー
６３高圧段サクションカバー
６２低圧段ベアリングヘッド
６４高圧段ベアリングヘッド
７１、７２吸入分岐管
７３、７４吐出管
７５連結管
７８中間ケーシング[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a so-called single-stage multi-stage screw compressor which is configured on a shaft having the same core and is driven by one drive unit, and more particularly to a multi-stage compressor capable of switching between multi-stage compression and single-stage compression, and the multi-stage compressor. The present invention relates to a refrigeration / cooling system provided with a cold heat storage tank using a compressor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, freezers used in food production factories or freezers used in continuous freezers (freezers) operate only during daytime production and are stopped during nighttime when production is not performed. Is normal. The refrigerator is operated day and night, and the vegetables are vacuum-cooled in the daytime, and the water evaporated from the vegetables is stored in a tank in the daytime. 2. Description of the Related Art A system for performing cold storage of a kind is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
Further, in a compressor having a main compression element and a sub-compression element, as a solution to the problem that the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor is reduced during the capacity control operation (operation for reducing the flow rate of the refrigerant), the load of the refrigeration cycle is reduced, A capacity control refrigeration cycle in which a two-way valve and a check valve are arranged so that the sub-compression element and the main compression element are connected in series when the flow rate is reduced is disclosed. (For example, see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-36548 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-59-150991
However, the disclosure of Patent Literature 1 simply operates a conventional refrigerator day and night with respect to the refrigerator, and the disclosure of Patent Literature 2 discloses that two compression elements are connected in series when the load of the refrigeration cycle is low. The compressor is connected to operate as a so-called two-stage compressor, but the purpose is not to increase the compression ratio by multi-stage compression but to control the capacity, and to theoretically displace the sub-compression element that is a low-pressure stage. The amount is 0.5 to 1.5 times the theoretical displacement of the main compression element which is a high pressure stage. Therefore, it is not a multi-stage compressor for increasing a normal compression ratio.
[0006]
By the way, in recent years, the temperature of industrial processes has been remarkably reduced, and in the food industry in particular, the freezing temperature required from the viewpoint of preventing the elution of fat during thawing and maintaining other quality is almost -30 ° C or lower, and particularly, For high-priced foods such as tuna, the frozen storage temperature is significantly lower at -50C to -60C. In order to obtain such a low refrigeration temperature, the efficiency of the compressor is reduced in the single-stage compressor. Therefore, a multi-stage compressor such as a two-stage compressor is used.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A refrigerator used for a freezer in a food factory is operated only during production in the daytime, and is stationary without being operated at night, that is, is an idle facility at night. The lower the refrigeration temperature, the higher the required compression ratio of the compressor. When the refrigerator is operated at night to store cold heat in the cold heat storage tank, cooling the water in the cold heat storage tank does not require a low temperature as required during the daytime production described above. In the daytime, a multi-stage operation that can exert a strong refrigeration capacity at a high compression ratio is performed, and at night, a large number of units are operated at a low compression ratio and a large amount of cold heat is stored in the heat storage tank, so that the refrigerator can be operated day and night. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-stage compressor suitable for increasing the operating rate and reducing running costs. Operating at a high compression ratio day and night reduces the life of the compressor. Unlike the conventional case, the multistage compressor of the present invention operates without a separate compressor to operate a compressor having a required high compression ratio in the daytime and another compressor having a low compression ratio in the nighttime. In the daytime, perform a powerful refrigeration operation at a high compression ratio of two-stage compression in the daytime, switch to a single-stage compression operation at night to produce and store cold heat, and store the cold heat in the daytime, It is another object of the present invention to provide a refrigeration / cooling system for use in cold water production.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a screw type multi-stage compressor in which two compression stages each comprising a pair of male and female rotors are provided on a shaft having the same core. The port is connected by a connection passage via a switching valve, and a check valve is provided on the upstream side of the suction passage branched at the connection portion. By switching the switching valve, a two-stage compressor or each compression stage is provided. We propose a screw type multi-stage compressor, which functions as an independent single-stage compressor.
[0009]
When the discharge port of the low pressure stage is communicated with the suction port of the high pressure stage by the switching valve, the fluid sucked from the suction port of the low pressure stage is compressed at the low pressure stage and discharged from the discharge port, and the fluid of the high pressure stage is discharged. Although the flow proceeds to the suction port, the high pressure stage suction port is provided with a check valve and cannot proceed to the suction pipe side, so that it is sucked and compressed by the high pressure stage, and the fluid is compressed in two stages. The communication between the low-pressure stage discharge port and the high-pressure stage suction port is interrupted by the switching valve, and the fluid sucked into the low-pressure stage from the suction tube is compressed at the low-pressure stage and discharged to the outside, and is sucked from the suction tube to the high-pressure stage. If the compressed fluid is compressed in the high-pressure stage and discharged to the outside, the low-pressure stage and the high-pressure stage function as two independent single-stage compressors.
[0010]
The two-stage compressor includes an intermediate casing that connects the low-pressure stage compressor and the high-pressure stage compressor, and a suction-side shaft end of the low-pressure stage male rotor shaft and a discharge-side shaft of the high-pressure stage male rotor shaft in the intermediate casing. A coupling for transmitting rotation freely in the axial direction to the end portion, a low-pressure stage main balance piston provided on the suction side of the low-pressure stage male rotor shaft, and the main balance piston provided on the shaft end side thereof A sub-balance piston having a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the main and sub-balance pistons, a fixed sleeve in which the outer circumferences of the main and sub balance pistons are fitted with a small gap, and a high-pressure stage balance piston provided on the suction side of the high-pressure stage male rotor shaft; It is preferable that the high-pressure stage compressor does not include a shaft sealing device, which includes a shaft sealing device provided on the atmosphere-opening side (that is, a driving side) of the low-pressure stage male rotor shaft.
[0011]
In a screw compressor, a thrust force from the discharge side to the suction side of the rotor is generated due to a pressure difference between the suction pressure and the discharge pressure, and the thrust is supported by a thrust bearing. In order to prolong the life of the motor, a balance piston is provided to generate a thrust force from the suction side to the discharge side by hydraulic pressure. The fluid differential pressure that generates the thrust force in the suction side direction differs greatly between the two-stage compression operation and the single-stage compression operation in the low-pressure stage compressor. The differential pressure during the two-stage compression operation is about 0.3 Mpa for the low-pressure compressor and about 1.2 Mpa for the high-pressure compressor. In this case, the thrust force is small in the low-pressure compressor and counter thrust is generated by the balance piston. Needless to say, it can be sufficiently supported by the thrust bearing. The differential pressure during single-stage compression operation is about 1.1 MPa, and a counter thrust force by a balance piston is required to extend the life of the thrust bearing.
[0012]
Also, a shaft sealing device is usually provided on the open side of the male rotor shaft, which is exposed from the bearing head, which is the casing cover on the discharge side, to the outside, that is, on the drive side.
In the multi-stage compressor of the present invention, the suction cover serving as the casing cover on the suction side of the low pressure stage and the bearing head serving as the casing cover on the discharge side of the high pressure stage are connected by the intermediate casing, and the shaft end of the low pressure stage male rotor shaft suction side is connected to the high pressure stage. The male shaft of the high-pressure male rotor shaft is connected to the discharge-side axial end of the male male rotor shaft by a coupling that transmits only rotation, and the drive-side axial end of the high-pressure male rotor shaft is located in the intermediate casing. Does not provide a shaft sealing device, but shortens the overall length accordingly.
[0013]
When the multi-stage compressor according to claim 2 functions as a two-stage compressor based on the fluid pressure difference, pressure oil is supplied to the high-pressure stage balance piston, and the pressure is supplied between the low-pressure stage main and sub balance pistons. It is preferable that oil is not supplied. In the case where the multi-stage compressor according to claim 2 is caused to function as a single-stage compressor, it is preferable to supply pressure oil to the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage balance pistons based on the above-described situation of the differential pressure.
[0014]
In the case of the configuration described in claim 2, when each compression stage is operated to function as a single-stage compressor, the high-pressure stage compressor uses a conventional configuration of a balance piston to reduce the thrust force from the suction side to the compression side. The low pressure stage compressor supplies a hydraulic pressure to a space between the main balance piston and the sub balance piston to generate a thrust force from the suction side to the discharge side. In the conventional balance piston, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the balance piston chamber formed between the balance piston and the cover at the end of the suction side shaft. In the configuration of the present invention, the main balance piston and the outer diameter are different from each other. The space formed by the sub-balance piston smaller than the balance piston and the fixed sleeve fitted to the outer diameter of the two with a small gap functions as a balance piston chamber.
[0015]
In the case where the multi-stage compressor functions as a two-stage compressor, the construction is such that lubricating oil is not injected into the high-pressure stage rotor chamber. In the case of two-stage compression, the lubricating oil injected into the low-pressure stage rotor chamber enters the high-pressure stage together with the fluid compressed at the low-pressure stage to lubricate the high-pressure stage rotor. When each compression stage functions as an independent single-stage compressor, lubricating oil is ejected from both the low-pressure stage and the high-pressure stage rotor chambers.
[0016]
A refrigeration / cooling system using a multi-stage compressor according to the present invention is a compressor of a circuit of a steam refrigeration cycle comprising a compressor, an oil separator, a radiator (condenser), and an evaporator. The evaporator comprises a first evaporator and a second evaporator connected in series, and a switching valve for bypassing either one of the first and second evaporators with the refrigerant. The first evaporator is disposed in a cold heat storage tank, for example, the multistage compressor is operated as two single-stage compressors to perform cold heat storage, and the second evaporator is disposed in a freezer. A configuration in which the multistage compressor is operated as a two-stage compressor corresponding to a low temperature of -30 ° C. or less to perform required refrigeration, and a circulating circuit is provided for supplying cold heat of the cold heat storage tank to a required location. And
[0017]
With such a configuration, the low-pressure stage discharge port communicates with the high-pressure stage suction port so that the compressor functions as a multi-stage compressor, and the refrigerant that has exited the radiator (condenser) is used as the evaporator of the first evaporator. Is led to a second evaporator, which is disposed in an air cooler of the freezer to cool the freezer to a very low temperature (-30 to -60 ° C), or a low pressure stage discharge port. Communication between the compressor and the suction port of the high-pressure stage, each of the compression stages functions as a plurality of independent compressors, and the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator (condenser) is guided to the first evaporator. One evaporator can be bypassed, and the second evaporator can be arranged in a cold heat storage tank and switched to cool a cooling medium, for example, water in the tank. Therefore, cold heat is stored in the cold heat storage tank during the time when there is no freezing load in the freezer, and the sherbet-like ice water in the tank is supplied to the air cooler or heat exchanger provided at the required location during the required time. It can guide and use cold heat.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail using embodiments shown in the drawings. However, dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, and the like described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are merely illustrative examples, unless otherwise specified.
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main configuration of one embodiment of a screw type two-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a low-pressure stage balance piston portion in FIG. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section showing a main configuration of another embodiment of the screw type two-stage compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a refrigeration / cooling system using a screw type two-stage compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention. The flow of refrigerant when the two-stage compressor functions as an original two-stage compressor is shown. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a refrigeration / cooling system showing the flow of the refrigerant when each stage of the two-stage compressor functions as an independent compressor.
[0020]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main configuration of a single screw type two-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the screw type compressor itself is well known, only a brief description will be given. In FIG. 1, A is a low-pressure stage of the two-stage compressor, and B is a high-pressure stage. The high-pressure stage B further compresses the fluid compressed in the low-pressure stage A, and thus has a smaller displacement than the low-pressure stage A. 51 is a male rotor of the low pressure stage A, 52 is a male rotor of the high pressure stage B, 53 is a main balance piston provided on the suction side shaft of the low pressure stage male rotor, 56 is a sub balance piston, 57 is a fixed sleeve, 54 is a high pressure It is a balance piston provided on the suction side shaft of the step male rotor 52. A coupling 55 coaxially connects the male rotor shafts of both stages and transmits only rotational force in the axial direction. Reference numeral 61 denotes a low-pressure stage A suction cover provided with a suction port which does not appear in the drawing, and 62 denotes a low-pressure stage bearing head provided with a discharge port 62b. Reference numeral 63 denotes a suction cover of the high-pressure stage B, which is provided with a suction port 63a. Reference numeral 64 denotes a high-pressure stage B bearing head provided with a discharge port that does not appear in the drawing. The high-pressure stage bearing head 64 is connected to the low-pressure stage suction cover 61 via an intermediate casing 78.
The two male rotors 51 and 52 are driven by connecting shaft ends extending rightward in the drawing from the discharge side of the low-pressure male rotor 51 to a driving machine (not shown).
[0021]
The discharge pipe 73 of the low-pressure stage A and the suction branch pipe 72 of the high-pressure stage B are connected by a connecting pipe 75, and a three-way switching valve 4 is provided at a connection portion with the discharge pipe 73 of the low-pressure stage A. A suction branch pipe 71 is connected to a suction port of the low-pressure stage A not shown in the figure, and a discharge pipe 74 is connected to a discharge port of the high-pressure stage B not shown in the figure. 6 is a check valve. When the three-way switching valve 4 is at the switching position where the discharge port 62b of the low-pressure stage A and the suction port 63a of the high-pressure stage B are communicated, the fluid compressed in the low-pressure stage A is connected as shown by a solid arrow in the drawing. It is sucked into the high pressure stage B through the pipe 75 and discharged to the discharge pipe 74 of the high pressure stage. At this time, the flow does not flow back to the suction branch pipe 72 of the high pressure stage because it is blocked by the check valve 6. That is, the compressor functions as a two-stage compressor.
[0022]
In order to make each stage function as an independent compressor, when the three-way switching valve 4 is switched, the fluid sucked through the suction branch pipe 71 of the low-pressure stage A is switched to the low-pressure stage A, as indicated by a broken arrow in the drawing. The fluid is compressed at A and discharged to the discharge pipe 73, while the fluid sucked from the suction branch pipe 72 of the high pressure stage B is compressed at the high pressure stage B and discharged through the discharge pipe 74. Although the switching valve 4 is a three-way valve in FIG. 1, a two-way valve may be provided in the connecting pipe 75 and the low-pressure stage discharge pipe 73.
[0023]
2, the outer circumferences of the main balance piston 53 and the sub balance piston 56 provided on the suction side shaft 51a of the low pressure stage A male rotor are fitted in the corresponding inner circumference of the fixed sleeve 57 with a minute gap. I agree. The fixing sleeve 57 is fixed to the low-pressure suction cover 61. The main and sub balance pistons are keyed 53a, 56a to the shaft 51a, respectively. 52a is a discharge side shaft of the high pressure stage B male rotor 52. Spacers 55a, 55b provided with splines on the outer periphery are keyed at 55c, 55d at the shaft ends of the shafts 51a, 52a, and the inner diameter splines of the coupling 55 are fitted to these splines to connect both shafts. 55e and 55f are snap rings for stopping the movement of the coupling 55. Since the balance piston of the low pressure stage is constructed as this, the main, when the space S ₂ between the secondary balance piston to supply oil pressure p, the pressure p to the discharge side (π / 4) × (D A thrust force of ₁ ² −D ₂ ² ) × p acts to reduce the thrust force on the suction side due to the pressure difference between the discharge side and the suction side.
[0024]
When functioning as a two-stage compressor, the pressure difference between the discharge side and the suction side in the low-pressure stage compressor is small and can be sufficiently supported by the thrust bearing. Do not supply.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigeration / cooling system according to the present invention when the two-stage compressor functions as an original two-stage compressor. In this case, the flow of the refrigerant is indicated by a thick line. ing. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a refrigerating apparatus using the screw type two-stage compressor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and 30 denotes a work place such as a freezer 31, a work space 32 requiring air conditioning, a work space 33 using cold water, and the like. Numeral 40 denotes a cold storage unit.
[0026]
The screw type two-stage compressor 1 includes a low-pressure stage 2 and a high-pressure stage 3 provided on a coaxial core, and is driven by a motor 25. The discharge port of the low-pressure stage 2 is switched through the switching valve 4 so as to communicate with the suction port of the high-pressure stage 3 or with the oil separator 11 cut off the communication with the high-pressure stage 3. Can be. The discharge port of the high-pressure stage 3 is connected to the oil separator 11 by a pipe. Further, a pipe on the suction side of the two-stage compressor 1 is branched into a suction port of the low-pressure stage 2 and a suction port of the high-pressure stage 3, and a check valve 6 is provided on the suction side of the high-pressure stage 3.
[0027]
The refrigerant vapor sucked into the low-pressure stage 2 is compressed in the low-pressure stage 2, then sucked into the high-pressure stage 3 through the switching valve 4, further compressed, and sent to the oil separator 11. Further, since the pressure of the suction port of the high pressure stage 3 where the refrigerant compressed in the low pressure stage 2 is sucked is higher than the suction pressure of the low pressure stage 2, the check valve 6 is closed and the low pressure The refrigerant does not return to the stage suction port. The refrigerant vapor compressed in two stages and discharged from the high-pressure stage 3 is separated from the lubricating oil by the oil separator 11, cooled and condensed by a radiator (condenser) 12, and condensed by an expansion valve 13. Then, the refrigerant in which the pressure is reduced and the liquid material and the gaseous material coexist is guided to the evaporator (air cooler) 14 through the three-way valve 22, and the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator pipe and is blown by the fan 14 a , And the evaporated refrigerant is sucked into the low-pressure stage 2 through the three-way valve 23. The above is the case where the two-stage compressor 1 performs two-stage compression and cools the freezer 31 to an extremely low temperature of −30 ° C. to −60 ° C.
[0028]
Cooling water is supplied to the radiator 12 by a water pump to cool and condense the refrigerant. The water exiting the radiator 12 is guided to the cooling tower 16 and cooled by the atmosphere, and then cooled again by the radiator. 12 is supplied. The lubricating oil separated by the oil separator 11 is cooled by an oil cooler 15 and supplied to each part of the compressor 1 via an oil pump 18. MS is low-pressure stage mechanical seal lubrication, LJ is low-pressure stage bearing lubrication, LI is injection lubrication (spout to rotor chamber), BP is balance piston chamber lubrication, HJ is high-pressure stage lubrication, and UL is capacity control valve. Refueling. When functioning as a two-stage compressor, injection to the high-pressure stage rotor chamber is not performed. When each stage functions as a single single-stage compressor, both the low-pressure stage and the high-pressure stage are supplied to the rotor chamber. Perform lubricating oil injection. Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, when functioning as a two-stage compressor, no oil is supplied to the low-pressure stage balance piston chamber, that is, the space between the low-pressure stage main and sub balance pistons. The cooling water supplied to the radiator 12 is branched and supplied to the oil cooler 15, and the water that has cooled the lubricating oil is sent to the cooling tower 16 to be cooled. The three-way valve 19 adjusts the flow rate of the lubricating oil passing through the oil cooler 15 by adjusting the flow rate of the lubricating oil that bypasses the oil cooler 15, and adjusts the temperature of the lubricating oil supplied to the compressor. Reference numeral 20 denotes a variable throttle valve for adjusting the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied to the compressor 1.
[0029]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a refrigerant flow in the refrigeration / cooling system according to the present invention when the low-pressure stage and the high-pressure stage of the two-stage compressor function as independent compressors, respectively. Is shown in bold. 3 is the same as FIG. 3 except that two-way valves 5a and 5b are provided instead of the three-way switching valve 4 in FIG. 3, so that the reference numerals are limited to those related to the description. Others are omitted. It should be noted that two two-way valves 5a and 5b perform the same function as the three-way switching valve 4 in FIG. In FIG. 4, the two-way valve 5a is closed and the two-way valve 5b is open. Therefore, the low-pressure stage 2 and the high-pressure stage 3 respectively suck the refrigerant, compress it at the respective compression ratios, and send it to the oil separator 11.
[0030]
That is, each compression stage functions as an independent compressor. The pressure of the refrigerant vapor discharged from both stages is separated into lubricating oil by an oil separator 11, guided to a radiator (condenser) 12, and condensed. The refrigerant in which the gas state and the gas state coexist evaporates in the evaporating pipe in the cold heat storage tank 41 by the three-way valve 22, cools the water in the heat storage tank 41, and stores the cold heat. The refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator pipe in the heat storage tank 41 is sucked into the low-pressure stage 2 and the high-pressure stage 3 of the two-stage compressor 1 through the three-way valve 23.
[0031]
The water cooled in the cold heat storage tank 41 is used as needed (even while the freezing chamber 31 is being cooled) by a water pump 42 to supply an air cooler 34 for factory air conditioning and a cooling medium required for a cooling process. It is sent to a heat exchanger 35 for cooling to perform required cooling and is returned to the heat storage tank 41. The water in the heat storage tank 41 may be a cooling medium other than water, such as brine.
[0032]
In order to cool the cooling medium in the cold heat storage tank 41, it is not necessary to make the refrigerant evaporation temperature of the refrigerator so low, so that each compression stage functions as an independent single-stage multiple compressor. By switching and operating, it is not necessary to provide a separate large-sized single-stage compressor for cold heat storage as in the related art.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is embodied in the form described above, and has the effects described below.
One multi-stage compressor can be switched between a case where the multi-stage compressor is operated as an original multi-stage compressor to obtain a high compression ratio and a case where each compression stage functions as a single compressor. Thus, it is possible to perform an operation suitable for the purpose as needed.
[0034]
The low-pressure male rotor suction-side shaft and the high-pressure male rotor discharge-side shaft are connected in the intermediate casing, and the high-pressure male rotor discharge-side shaft is not provided with a shaft sealing device. Since the auxiliary piston is provided together with the balance piston, the overall length of the multi-stage compressor can be reduced.
[0035]
In the daytime, it functions as the original two-stage compressor and operates according to the load of the cryogenic freezer. At night, each of the compression stages is switched to function as a single-stage compressor and operated for cold heat storage. Since the stored cold heat can be supplied as a cold heat source to a required part in the daytime, the operation rate of the refrigeration equipment can be increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main configuration of one embodiment of a screw type two-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a low-pressure stage balance piston section in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an embodiment of a refrigeration / cooling system using a screw type two-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the flow of refrigerant when the two-stage compressor functions as an original two-stage compressor. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a refrigeration / cooling system showing a flow of a refrigerant when each stage of the two-stage compressor functions as an independent compressor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Screw type two-stage compressor 2 Low pressure stage 3 High pressure stage 4 Three-way switching valve (switching valve)
5a, 5b Two-way valve 6 Check valve 11 Oil separator 12 Radiator (condenser)
13 Expansion valve 14 Evaporator (air cooler)
15 Oil cooler 16 Cooling tower 18 Oil pumps 19, 22, 23 Three-way valve (20 variable throttle valve)
34 air cooler 35 heat exchanger 41 cold heat storage tank 42 water pump 51 low-pressure stage male rotor 52 high-pressure stage male rotor 53 main balance piston 54 balance piston 55 coupling 56 auxiliary balance piston 57 fixed sleeve 61 low-pressure stage suction cover 63 high-pressure stage suction cover 62 low-pressure stage bearing head 64 high-pressure stage bearing head 71, 72 suction branch pipe 73, 74 discharge pipe 75 connecting pipe 78 intermediate casing

Claims

In a screw-type multistage compressor in which two compression stages composed of a male / female rotor pair are provided on a shaft having the same core, a discharge port of a low pressure stage and a suction port of a high pressure stage are connected by a connection passage via a switching valve. A check valve is provided on the upstream side of the suction passage branched at the connection portion, and the switching valve is switched to function as a two-stage compressor or each compression stage functions as an independent single-stage compressor. Characteristic multi-stage screw compressor.

An intermediate casing that connects the low-pressure stage compressor and the high-pressure stage compressor, and the suction-side shaft end of the low-pressure stage male rotor shaft and the discharge-side shaft end of the high-pressure stage male rotor shaft are free in the intermediate casing. A low-pressure stage main balance piston provided on the suction side of the low-pressure stage male rotor shaft, and a sub-diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the main balance piston provided on the shaft end side. A balance piston, a fixed sleeve in which the outer circumferences of the main and sub balance pistons are fitted with a small gap, a high-pressure balance piston provided on the suction side of the high-pressure male rotor shaft, and an atmosphere of the low-pressure male rotor shaft. The screw type multi-stage compressor according to claim 1, further comprising a shaft sealing device provided on an open side (ie, a driving side), wherein the high-pressure stage compressor does not include the shaft sealing device.

The screw-type multi-stage compressor according to claim 2, wherein when the multi-stage compressor functions as a two-stage compressor, pressure oil is not supplied between the low-pressure stage main and sub balance pistons.

2. The screw-type multi-stage compressor according to claim 1, wherein when the multi-stage compressor functions as a two-stage compressor, lubricating oil is not injected into the high-pressure stage rotor chamber.

The multistage compressor according to claim 1 or 2 is used as a compressor of a circuit of a steam refrigeration cycle including a compressor, an oil separator, a radiator (condenser), and an evaporator, and the evaporators are connected in series. A switching valve that comprises a first evaporator and a second evaporator and bypasses either the first or the second evaporator with a refrigerant; and the first evaporator is disposed in a cold heat storage tank. A refrigeration / cooling system, wherein the second evaporator is disposed in a freezer, and a circulation circuit is provided for supplying cold energy of the cold heat storage tank to a required location.