JP2004148175A - Method and apparatus for recycling bonded processed wood - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the following problems that a woody synthetic material such as organic matter or the like in an adhesive is left to discharge an offensive smell and the surface of a regenerated product is stained by the adverse effect of the adhesive. <P>SOLUTION: When coarse crushed pieces 82 enter a recycling apparatus, by rotating pins 134 and 144, the coarse crushed pieces 82 impinge against the pins 134 and 144 to make the surface stains fall by friction and an impact. The adhesive becomes flowable upon the impingement against the pins 134 and 144 to become a powder. A powdery or small piece-like adhesive-containing material is sucked to the outside from a screen mesh 151 by a blower and the internal residue is recovered to become a wood flour material. The friction heat with the coarse crushed pieces 82 due to impact friction force raises the temperature of the adhesive on the surfaces of the coarse crushed pieces 82 to more still make it easy to separate the adhesive on the surfaces of the coarse crushed pieces 82. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００５９】
以上の実験装置を使用して１バッチ、約２５ｋｇの接着加工木材の乾燥・攪拌を行った。 その結果、接着加工木材の破砕片２３．８ｋｇと、接着加工木材に付着していた泥、その他の付着物が蒸発もしくは乾燥され、破砕された付着物０．８ｋｇがそれぞれ回収された。水分の蒸発が認められ、含有水分量８〜１５ｗｔ％であった。
【００６０】
回収された接着加工木材中には、目視可能な大きな泥や乾燥した付着物の付着も確認されなかった。
【００６１】
〔粗砕工程〕前記乾燥した接着加工木材から成る破砕片８１を付着物と共に、さらに、粗砕手段を用いて、さらに細かく切断、もしくは広義には破砕して、例えば１０×１０ｍｍ〜１２×１２ｍｍ、好ましくは１０×１０ｍｍ程度の長方形あるいは正方形ないしその他不定形であるが、一辺が１０〜１２ｍｍ程度以下、好ましくは１０ｍｍ以下の大きさの粗砕片８２を形成する。この時点においても前述した〔破砕工程〕と同様、各粗砕片８２の表面には前述した付着物が付着している。
【００６２】
粗砕手段は破砕片８１を切断、粗砕して適当な大きさの粗砕片８２を形成するもので、本実施例において、便宜上「カッタミル」という。
【００６３】
図９に粗砕手段の一例であるカッタミル１２０を示す。１２１はカッタミル本体で、上面開口を有する円筒形を成すケーシングであり、前記開口を開閉自在な蓋１２２で被蓋する。前記蓋１２２はカッタミル本体１２１内に被粗砕物である破砕片８１を投入する投入口１２３を備えている。
【００６４】
また、前記カッタミル本体１２１内にはカッタミル本体１２１の底面に軸承されて図示せざる回転駆動手段で水平方向に回転するカッタ支持体１２４を設け、このカッタ支持体１２４の外周に上下方向に長い回転刃１２５を３枚設け、これらの３枚の回転刃１２５はカッタ支持体１２４の回転方向で１２０度の等角度を成すように配設し、３枚の回転刃１２５の刃先は同一の回転軌跡上に位置している。さらに、前記３枚の回転刃１２５の刃先の回転軌跡に対して僅かな隙間を介して二の固定刃１２６を回転刃１２５の刃先の回転軌跡の略対称位置にカッタミル本体１２１に固定し、二の固定刃１２６とカッタ支持体１２４と回転刃１２５とでカッタミル本体１２１内を二分し、投入室１２７と粗砕室１２８を形成する。前記蓋１２２の投入口１２３は前記投入室１２７に連通する。なお、二の固定刃１２６と回転刃１２５とのクリアランスは被粗砕物を所望の大きさに切断、もしくは広義には破砕できるよう自在に調整できる。本実施例のクリアランスは０．２〜０．３ｍｍである。また、粗砕室１２８は前記二の固定刃１２６間を回転刃１２５の回転軌跡の周囲を囲むようにメッシュのスクリーン１２９で仕切っている。なお、スクリーン１２９は、本実施例では一辺が１０ｍｍ程度の大きさの粗砕片８２が通過できるメッシュで形成している。また、粗砕室１２８のカッタミル本体１２１の下端には前記粗砕片８２を排出する排出口を設けている。
【００６５】
以上のカッタミル１２０において、蓋１２２の投入口１２３から前述した工程１〔破砕工程〕のクラッシャ１１０及びカッターミル１２０で形成した１５×１５ｍｍ程度の大きさの破砕片８１を投入し、図示せざる回転駆動手段でカッタ支持体１２４を回転すると、破砕片８１はカッタ支持体１２４の回転刃１２５と固定刃１２６間でスクリーン１２９を経て形状、面積は、不定であるが、略全量が１０×１０ｍｍ程度以下の方形ないし不定形で、一辺が１０ｍｍ程度以下の大きさの粗砕片８２に形成され前記排出口から次工程へ排出される。
【００６６】
なお、粗砕手段は、上記のカッタミルに限定されず、例えば、上記クラッシャであってもよい。
【００６７】
〔洗浄・分離・分級工程〕前述した〔粗砕工程〕における粗砕手段で粗砕された粗砕片８２に、衝撃摩砕力を付加すると共に遠心力を作用させる。
本実施の形態では〔粗砕工程〕を経て得た粗砕片８２を処理する場合で説明すると、衝撃摩砕力、主として衝撃力により各粗砕片８２が叩かれて接着剤が一部、粗砕片８２の表面から分離し、さらに各粗砕片８２及びその表面の接着剤に遠心力が作用することにより接着剤が粗砕片８２の表面から容易に分離する。つまり、粗砕片８２に対して衝撃力を付加して叩くことにより、接着剤の分離を促進すると共に、この衝撃力は粗砕片８２に働く遠心作用を若干抑えることになる。一方、接着剤の遠心力は殆ど抑えられないために粗砕片８２自体よりその表面の接着剤が外周側へ速く飛び出すので、粗砕片８２から接着剤を容易に分離し洗浄することになる。また、衝撃力による各粗砕片８２との摩擦熱により表面の接着剤の温度が上昇するため接着剤がより一層分離し易くなる。なお、粗砕片８２に対して衝撃力と摩砕力とを兼ね備えた衝撃摩砕力を付加した場合は粗砕片８２が強力に叩解され、この叩解の過程においても接着剤の分離が促進されかつ遠心作用によりの接着剤が粗砕片８２の表面から分離される。各粗砕片８２は、１７００〜１９００ｒｐｍ（好ましくは１８６８ｒｐｍ）で、約６０秒間処理され、各粗砕片８２は衝撃摩砕力により一辺６〜７ｍｍほどの小片になる。
【００６８】
１バッチの量は回転速度、エアの有無、温度などの処理条件によって変わるが、本実施例では要領、１３．７３リットルの接着剤分離機で、１バッチを６０秒間で、２００ｇ／６０秒の生産率で処理し、回収された粗砕片８２とする。
【００６９】
図１０及び図１１に示す洗浄・分離・分級手段１３０は、接着加工木材の粗砕片８２に衝撃摩砕力を付加して、大片である接着剤除去木片８６と、これより小片の接着剤含有物８８（これには接着剤の粉体も含む）と、に分離し、これらを回収する手段で、本実施例において、便宜上「接着剤分離機１３０」という。
【００７０】
図１０および図１１において、接着剤分離機１３０は、固定円盤１３１の中心部に各粗砕片８２投入する供給投入口１３２を連通開口させ、前記固定円盤１３１に固定端板１３３を処理空間１５５を隔てゝ対向させ、前記固定円盤１３１に固定端板１３３のそれぞれの外周端縁を周側板１３５で固定する。前記処理空間１５５内には回転横軸１４２によって回転駆動される可動円盤１４１を設け、回転横軸１４２は各軸受１４３，１４３によって枢支されている。前記回転横軸１４２は、モータ等の回転駆動手段１６１により回転駆動される。
【００７１】
前記固定円盤１３１上には、複数の同心円上の（可動円板１４１に対する相対的な）回転軌跡ａ１〜ａ６（図１１）上で各固定ピン１３４を順次に植設され（ピンは例えば、円柱状等である）、一方、前記可動円盤１４１上には、前記各固定ピン１３４とは異なる複数の回転軌跡ｂ１〜ｂ６上で交互に入り込む可動ピン１４４を順次に植設して、これらの固定、可動の各ピン１３４，１４４の相互間で衝撃摩砕力により叩解されあるいは研磨作用を得られるように位置する。さらに、可動円盤１４１の外周側で前記周側板１３５との間には、排出空間１５６を隔てゝ所望径の細孔をパンチング形成した所定メッシュのスクリーン１５１を周設させ、排出空間１５６の下方に排出口１５２を設ける。なお、前記排出口１５２に図示せざるブロワーを連通する。なお、本実施例では前記スクリーン１５１は直径０．６〜１．２ｍｍのメッシュであるが、好ましくは直径１０ｍｍのメッシュである。
【００７２】
処理空間１５５のスクリーン１５１内の下部に取出口１５３を設け、取出口１５３には開閉制御のための三方電磁弁２３８を配設する。なお、前記取出口１５３に接着剤分離機１３０内のエアーを吸引する４２ｍ^３／ｍｉｎ． のブロワーを連通し、このブロワーを介して供給投入口１３２へ連通するよう設けても良い。
【００７３】
実際、前記固定、可動の各ピン１３４，１４４の相互間のクリアランスを大きくすることにより粗砕片８２に付加する摩砕力を弱め、クリアランスを小さくすることにより摩砕力を強めることになる。粗砕片８２に対する摩砕力を弱めて衝撃力を付加するようクリアランスを調整することができ、これは接着剤除去木片８６の径の所望の大きさに応じて調整される。
【００７４】
上記の接着剤分離機１３０では、図示せざる回転駆動手段により回転横軸１４２を回転して可動円盤１４１を回転し、各粗砕片８２を供給投入口１３２に供給すると、各粗砕片８２は、処理空間１５５の中心部にあって、固定、可動の各ピン１３４，１４４の相互間で衝撃摩砕力により叩解あるいは研磨作用と遠心作用とを合わせて受けることになり、衝撃摩砕力を受けて、次第に叩解あるいは研磨、整形されながら外周側に接近する。この過程において各粗砕片８２が衝撃摩砕力の衝撃で叩かれて粗砕片８２からの接着剤含有物８８の分離が促進され、さらに各粗砕片８２及びその表面の接着剤に遠心力が作用するとしても粗砕片８２自体は固定、可動の各ピン１３４，１４４の相互間で衝撃摩砕力を受けるために外周側へ飛び出す速度を抑えられ、一方、粗砕片８２の表面の接着剤は粗砕片８２ほどには抑えられない。したがって、この遠心力の差によって粗砕片８２より接着剤の方が外周側へ速く飛び出すので、接着剤含有物８８が粗砕片８２から容易に分離することになる。ピン１３４，１４４を回転させることによって、この中に粗砕片８２が入ったときにピン１３４，１４４にあたったときの摩擦と衝撃で表面の汚れが落ちるのである。特に、接着剤はピン１３４，１４４にあたったときに、さらさらに砕かれ、粉体になりやすい。粉状或いは小片となった接着剤含有物８８は、スクリーンメッシュ１５１からブロワーで外に吸われるようになっている。内部に残留した接着剤除去木片８６が回収されて木粉の材料となる。また、衝撃摩砕力による各粗砕片８２との摩擦熱は、粗砕片８２の表面の接着剤の温度を上昇し、より一層粗砕片８２の表面から接着剤を分離し易くする。なお、接着加工木材はそれ自体の性質により各粗砕片８２が研磨、整形され前記粗砕片８２から分離した接着剤含有物８８と、微粉砕された粗砕片８２の一部は、各可動ピン１４４の遠心作用によりスクリーン１５１を通過して、排出空間１５６内に分級された後、排出口１５２から５２ｍ^３／ｍｉｎ． のブロワーを経て外部へ吸引、排出される。
【００７５】
一方、スクリーン１５１を通過しない大きさの接着剤除去木片８８はスクリーン１５１内に留まる。しかし、三方電磁弁２３８を開放した状態で、取出口１５３と供給投入口１３２とをブロアーを介して連通しているので、取出口１５３から取出される接着剤除去木片８８は供給投入口１３２に還流され、接着剤分離機１３０内で再び衝撃摩砕力を受けて再び叩解あるいは研磨、整形され、接着剤除去木片８６の表面に残留していた接着剤は遠心力により分離してスクリーン１５１を通過し、前述したように排出口１５２から外部へ排出される。
以上の接着剤除去木片８６は取出口１５３から回収木材として取り出される。
【００７６】
なお、上記ブロワーとは代替的に、もしくはこれと共に、前記接着剤分離機１３０の処理空間１５５内に、圧縮空気を送り込み、固定端板１３３に穿設した孔部よりパイプを介して連通する供給投入口部へ前記スクリーン１５１を通過できない大きさの接着剤除去木片８８を還流させてもよい。
【００７７】
なお、前記取出し手段としては、自動的に回収タンク２４０へ回収することができる。以下、後者の実施例について説明する。図１０において、接着剤分離機１３０は共通の回転駆動手段で回転するように対称位置に設けられ、各接着剤分離機１３０は前工程で処理された各粗砕片８２（又は粗砕片８２）を供給投入口１３２へ供給するように構成している。
【００７８】
接着剤分離機１３０は回収木材の取出口１５３を供給投入口１３２に連通管２３５を介して連通し、該連通管２３５の取出口側に、図示せざる圧縮空気供給源からの配管２３６を連通する。この配管２３６の連通部位に整流板を設け、圧縮空気を主として供給投入口１３２側へ流れるように構成する。また、連通管２３５の供給投入口１３２側を分岐して回収タンク２４０へ連通する分岐管２３７を設け、この分岐管２３７の分岐点に、例えば、タイマ回路により、適宜、設定時間毎に切り換えられる三方電磁弁２３８を設ける。一方、各接着剤分離機１３０の排出口１５２は排出管２３９を介して補集タンク２５０へ連通し、スクリーン１５１（図１０）を通過した接着剤含有物８８を排出管２３９に介設したブロワーにより吸引し、補集タンク２５０へ排出するように構成することができる。
【００７９】
回転駆動手段により接着剤分離機１３０を始動し、前記連通管２３５の下流側を三方電磁弁２３８で開放し且つ前記分岐管側を閉塞し、配管２３６から連通管２３５へ圧縮空気を供給することにより、圧縮空気の循環気流が連通管２３５から順に供給投入口１３２、処理空間１５５、取出口１５３、再び連通管２３５へと発生する。１バッチの各粗砕片８２を供給管２３１ａ，２３１ｂを介して供給投入口１３２へ供給すると、接着剤分離機１３０内で処理され粗砕片８２の表面から分離した接着剤含有物８８はスクリーン１５１を経てブロワーによって捕集タンク２５０へ排出され、一方、スクリーン１５１内に残された接着剤除去木片８６は循環気流によって連通管２３５へ吸引され再び処理空間１５５へ給送され接着剤分離機１３０内で処理され、この一連の工程が１バッチ内の接着剤含有物８８を殆ど分離し除去するまで必要に応じて複数回にわたり反復する。次いで上記の処理が終了した後に、連通管２３５の下流側を三方電磁弁２３８で閉塞し且つ前記分岐管側を開放することにより、スクリーン１５１内に残された接着剤除去木片８８を連通管２３５から分岐管２３７を経て回収タンク２４０へ回収する。
【００８０】
なお、上記三方電磁弁２３８とは代替的に、前記分岐管２３７を開閉する電磁弁と前記連通管２３５の下流側を開閉する電磁弁を設け、これらの二の電磁弁を交互に開閉するように設けることもできる。
【００８１】
一例として、前述した構造の１台の接着剤分離機１３０の実験機を用いて、この接着剤分離機１３０に接着加工木材の各粗砕片８２を１０ｋｇを投入し、前記可動円盤１４１を２５Ｈｚ（１８６８ｒｐｍ）の回転速度で回転すると、処理時間６０秒間で各粗砕片８２が直径１０ｍｍ以下程度に破砕した接着剤除去木片８６として回収される。
【００８２】
その後、接着剤含有物８８は篩い機で接着剤粉体と、木屑とに分離させることもある。分離後、接着剤粉粒体は概ねその直径が１ｍｍ以下である。木屑は細長のもの等がスクリーンを通過するので、１０ｍｍ以下、好ましくは５ｍｍ以下である。
【００８３】
以上のような各種接着剤等が付着した破砕片又は被処理小片８２に対して衝撃摩砕力を作用させる。接着加工木材が衝撃摩砕力によって接着剤部分と木材部分とに分離され、衝撃摩砕力によって、それぞれの表面が研摩される。接着剤部分は木材部分よりも細かくなり易い（粉々に成りやすい）。したがって、スクリーンメッシュの径よりも細かくなった接着剤部分及び衝撃摩砕力によって木材部分から剥離した木屑がスクリーンを通過して排出管を通って捕集タンクに排出され、接着剤含有物８８となるのである。次に、衝撃摩砕力によって細かくなりにくい木材部分は、ほとんどが大きいまま残留するので、スクリーンメッシュを通過することができず、そのまま接着剤分離機１３０の中に残る。最終的に接着剤の分離された木材部分だけが連通管から分岐管を経て回収タンクに回収されて接着剤除去木片８６となるのである。
木材の種類によっては多少運転条件を変える必要はあるが、接着剤が好適に剥がれる程度に設定すればよい。
接着剤除去木片８６を原料とする各種製品の製造方法等を以下に説明する。これらの各種製品は、接着剤が除去されているので、再生製品に残存せず臭気を防止でき、再生製品の表面も清浄である効果がある。また、接着剤除去木片８６の混入比率を高くできるので、有効利用が促進される効果がある。さらに、接着剤のほかに、離型剤等を塗布しているものがあり、これらの併せて除去できることがあるので、人体や環境への影響も防止できるのである。
なお、牛舎、豚舎の下敷きとしての用途も有望である。
【００８４】
以上のように得られた接着剤除去木片８６を原料とするパーティクルボードの製造方法について図１３を参照して説明する。
（１）接着剤除去木片８６を乾燥させて含水率を調整し、分級する。
（２）散布機により表層、芯層、表層の順に散布して複数層（例えば３層）構造のマットを形成する。
（３）高温、高圧のプレスでマットを圧締して同時に接着剤を硬化させて成型する。
（４）原板の厚みを目標厚みまで研摩する。
（５）原板を製品サイズにカットする。
詳細は当業者の一般的な技術水準に従うので略す。
【００８５】
以上のように得られた接着剤除去木片８６を原料とする中空木質合成材の製造方法及び製造装置について説明する。
尚、本実施形態にあっては、一例として、セルロース系破砕物と熱可塑性樹脂を加熱・混練して得られた混練物を、冷却・固化して所定の粒径に粉砕したもの（「木質合成粒」という。）を原料として成る中空木質合成材の製造について説明する。
〔木質合成粒〕
本実施形態で用いる木質合成粒の原料となるセルロース系破砕物は、接着剤除去木片８６が原料又は原料の一部であり、それらを粉砕機で粉砕し、熱可塑性樹脂成形材とのなじみを良好にすると共に、成形押出し時における摩擦抵抗を減じ、成形機の損耗、毀損の防止を図るべく、その粒径を５０〜３００メッシュ、好ましくは６０（篩下）〜１５０（篩上）メッシュの微細な粉末状とする。また、成形時における木酸ガスを揮散し、水蒸気あるいは気泡発生のおそれをなくし、表面の肌荒れを防止する意図から、木粉の乾燥前においてその含有水分量を１５重量％以下、好ましくは１１重量％以下、理想的には０〜５重量％以下、特に好ましくは０〜０．３重量％とする。
【００８６】
尚、かかる木粉の特性をさらに向上させるため、尿素系樹脂接着剤に木材チップ等の素材を浸漬あるいはこれに添加し、加熱硬化した後に破砕、微粉末化することが可能である。
【００８７】
また、熱可塑性樹脂成形材としては、廃棄された各種の樹脂成形品をそのまま、もしくは表面樹脂塗膜を形成した樹脂成形品を複数の各小片に破砕し、これに圧縮研削作用等を付加して樹脂塗膜を研削、剥離することにより素材化した、ＰＶＣ、ＰＥＴ、ＰＰ等の樹脂を用いることができる。
【００８８】
使用目的に応じて、顔料を添加し、製品に着色することもできる。
【００８９】
そして、木粉乾燥後、含有水分量３重量％以下、好ましくは０．３重量％以下、平均粒径２０メッシュ以下のセルロース系破砕物２０〜７５重量％、好ましくは４０〜６０重量％に対して熱可塑性樹脂成形材２５〜８５重量％、好ましくは６０〜４０重量％をともに攪拌衝撃翼により混合、ゲル化混練し、ゲル化した混練材料を冷却して、さらに粒径８ｍｍ以下に整粒して得た木質合成粒を用いることにより、木粉の摩擦抵抗を減じ得る良好な混練状態の生地が形成される。
【００９０】
本実施形態において用いる木質合成粒は、一例として下記のように製造される。
【００９１】
（１）乾燥工程
熱源（ボイラー熱、電気熱、ヒーター熱等）を使用することなく、回転の衝撃によるせん断発熱を利用して水分を木粉からたたき出す乾燥方法である。水分除去に必要な時間は約１５分である。一例としてミキサーを用い、セルロース系破砕物である木粉を乾燥させる。ミキサーの攪拌衝撃翼を回転させ剪断発熱が生じることによってミキサー内の温度が上昇し、これによりミキサーに投入された木粉が乾燥される。本実施形態にあっては、投入された木粉の含有水分量が０重量％となるように乾燥する。木粉は５０〜２５０μｍが好ましい。水分は０〜０．３重量％に乾燥することが好ましい。方法はミキサーを回転させて水分を除く。
【００９２】
また、顔料等として酸化チタン等を添加する場合には、この乾燥工程において前記木粉と共にミキサー内にこれを投入する。顔料の種類は、無機、有機を問わない。顔料の重量比率は、顔料の種類により異なる。例えば、木粉１００重量％に対して１０重量％前後の白酸化チタンを投入する。木粉のみに着色し、熱可塑性樹脂を着色しないので、木粉の変色を防ぐことができる。木粉で紫外線を防ぎ、劣化を少なくすることができる。
【００９３】
（２）溶融・混練工程
木粉と熱可塑性樹脂を混合・溶融し、一体化する。高速回転翼による発熱で木粉とプラスチックとを溶融し、分子レベルで一体化する。重量比率は、顔料と木粉の混合体４０〜６０重量％に、着色しない熱可塑性樹脂成形材６０〜４０重量％（例えばＰＰ）である。熱可塑性樹脂は、溶融混合して顆粒状ペレットとする。溶融機ミキサーの回転数は、８５０〜９００ｒｐｍ、温度は１８０〜１９０℃である。ポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、塩化ビニル樹脂（ＰＶＣ）等が好ましい。
【００９４】
例えば、乾燥前の木粉５５重量％に対して、熱可塑性樹脂成形材としてＰＰ４５重量％を前記ミキサー内に投入し、さらに攪拌加圧する。熱可塑性樹脂成形材の形態は、本実施形態では直径３ｍｍ程度の大きさの粒状からなるペレットを使用している。
【００９５】
熱可塑性樹脂成形材は、熱可塑性合成樹脂製品の廃材から得られた回収熱可塑性樹脂、バージンの熱可塑性樹脂、あるいはバージンの熱可塑性樹脂と前記回収熱可塑性樹脂をそれぞれ、例えば５０重量％ずつ用いることもできる。
【００９６】
この工程においては、原材料内の木粉によりＰＰは大きな塊とはならず、直径約１０〜１００ｍｍの粘土状にゲル化した「混練材料」が形成される。
【００９７】
（３）冷却・造粒（整粒）工程
本工程では、一例として前述の混練材料の冷却と造粒とを同時に行うことができる、所謂クーリングミキサーを用いる。前工程において形成された混練材料はクーリングミキサーヘ投入され、冷却水により冷却されたミキサー本体内周壁面で冷却され、直径約２５ｍｍ以下に造粒された「造粒原料」が形成される。
【００９８】
前記工程で形成された造粒原料は、さらに必要に応じてカッタミルを使用して粒径８ｍｍ以下に整粒することで、ペレット状の「木質合成粒」とする。なお、整粒工程は必ずしも必要ではなく、前述の冷却・造粒工程により得られる造粒物のサイズによってはこれを省略することもできる。
【００９９】
木粉と熱可塑性樹脂成形材との混合、分散状態を定常的に維持し、良好なる流動性を有すると共に、冷却による凝縮、縮小作用とも相まって、化学的な反応や接着によらない木質合成粒が形成される。
【０１００】
（４）成形工程
図１４乃至図２７に示す押出成形装置３０１に木質合成粒（顆粒状ペレット）を投入し、木粉が高濃度で混合されたものを高粘度の状態に溶融させ、押出成形装置３０１で高圧力で押出し、金型の中に押し込み、高圧力で押し固めながら中空木質合成材３２９を押し出す。粘度が高いので、前方への圧力が加えられた状態で押し出す。粘度が高いほど流れが早いチクソトロピーの原理を応用している。押出成形装置３０１の詳細は後述する。金型の中にフッ素樹脂シート３５０’を設け、フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の表面に凹凸をつけ、金型の中にフッ素樹脂シート３５０’を貼り、高圧力を加えて中空木質合成材３２９の表面に熱可塑性樹脂の凹凸の或る（溝の或る）表面等を作り中空形状の製品を作る。これにより、外周面に押し出し方向（長手方向）に凹凸部が形成される。これは後述の通りサンティングの対象となるものである。
また、中子体３４０の部分に筒状のフッ素樹脂シート３５０’を被覆する。これは、成形性を上げるとともに、前記の凹凸部１３、４３を形成するためである。フッ素樹脂シート３５０’は、平織になっており、表面に凹凸が形成されているからである。つまり、中子体３４０の表面に凹凸をつけるのである。
アラミド繊維の短冊状の布又は糸３５１’を平織に織成し、その織基布にフッ素樹脂分散液を含浸、乾燥、焼成し、フッ素樹脂層３５２’を形成したものである。押し出し方向に縦縞あるいは凹凸部が形成される。これにより、樹脂発泡体が横にずれるのはなくなる。縦方向も多少はズレ難くなる。凹凸部がついてることによって表面積が拡大するので、密着性が高まるのである。そのため、フッ素樹脂層３５２’の表面には、アラミド繊維の織り目が格子状等の所定形状に現われている（図２６（ａ）及び（ｂ）参照）。このフッ素樹脂シート３５０’の厚みは０．１６〜０．５０ｍｍが好ましく、引張強度が３８〜１３０Ｋｇ／ｃｍが好ましい。アラミド繊維のベルトに代えて、ガラス繊維のベルトでもよい。これよりフッ素樹脂シート３５０’の表面に凹凸が形成される結果、中空木質合成材３２９の内周面に押し出し方向（長手方向）に凹凸が連続的に形成されて、内周面に詰められる又は充填される発泡樹脂（ウレタン樹脂が好ましい）との密着性が高まり、発泡樹脂とのずれ等が解消できる。前記シートの厚みが厚くなるほど凹凸も大きくなってくる。
なお、中空部の両端部を閉塞してあれば、ズレは止まる可能性がある。しかし、両端部を閉鎖して使用しない場合もある（両端が露出する場合等）。例えば、これを型枠等で使うときに、ウレタン樹脂発泡体を内部に入れる意味というのは、中空木質合成材をコンクリート型枠に使った場合に、中空部にコンクリートが流れ込んで、重量が重くなり、施工し難く、作業が困難であった。中空部に予めウレタン樹脂発泡体を充填しておけば、中空部にコンクリートが流れ込むことはなく、軽量で施工が容易である。ウレタン樹脂発泡体を充填したとしても、ウレタン樹脂発泡体がズレてそれが取れてしまうと、その意味がなくなる。水質浄化の浮島としても使う場合がある。そうしたときに中からウレタン樹脂発泡体が抜けると、沈むおそれがある。前記凹凸を形成すれば、ぴったりとつけたいという要望に沿うことができる。
【０１０１】
ここで前記の凹凸の厚みと幅は、各凹と各凸の幅が２ｍｍ以下、特に１ｍｍ以下、深さが１ｍｍ以下、０．５ｍｍ以下、特に０．２ｍｍ以下が好ましい。例えば、前記幅が１ｍｍ、深さが０．２ｍｍの例が挙げられる。幅よりも深さが小さいほうが好ましい。
また、引張強度１２９Ｋｇ／ｃｍ（縦）、１１７Ｋｇ／ｃｍ（横）が挙げられる。ガラス繊維では、厚さがある程度ないといけない。凹凸をつけるというのが目的なので、引張強度よりは、テフロン（登録商標）シートの厚みのほうが凹凸の要素としては重要である。厚みが０．２以上が好ましく、０．２９ｍｍ以上が特に好ましい。手でさわってでこぼこが感じられる程度が好ましい。
【０１０２】
このようにして製造された中空木質合成材３２９を図２７に示す。寸法例は、幅９０２ｍｍ×厚み３７ｍｍである。長さは任意である。角形の外郭３２９ａと、外郭３２９ａ内部領域に形成された複数の所定個数（ここでは１４個）の押出し方向に延び出す中空部３２９ｂと、中空部３２９ｂを仕切るとともに外郭３２９ａに接続する複数の所定個数（ここでは１３個）のリブ３２９ｃとが形成されている。縦方向の厚み代は５ｍｍ、横方向の厚み代は４ｍｍ（両端部のみ厚くなっている）である。
【０１０３】
（５）サンディング工程
前記の通り成形された中空木質合成材３２９の着色してない熱可塑性樹脂の溝を備えた表皮層が形成されるので、その表皮層をサンディングペーパー（度数４０〜１８０）で研磨して除去する。図２７中、一点鎖線は削り代（図では０．１ｍｍ〜２．０ｍｍ、好ましくは、０．５ｍｍ〜１．５ｍｍ）である。表皮層は溝の部分まですべて削ることが好ましい。中空木質合成材３２９の表皮層に凹凸部をつけたので、表面のサンディングが容易になる。着色してない熱可塑性樹脂の表皮層を除去することで、色を表面に出すことができ独特の木質感、自然感を出すことができる。木粉の表面を着色しているので、木粉の変色を防ぐことができる。
【０１０４】
このような中空木質合成材３２９の表皮層の研磨は、樹脂素材の密となっている部分の研磨を意図したものである。木粉を混入した樹脂成形板に於いては樹脂が成形物の表面部分に滲み出し、この表面部分に樹脂素材の密部分を作り出す。このような樹脂素材の密部分は、着色されていないので、この表面部分のサンディングは独特の色調を創出することに意味がある。
【０１０５】
〔押出成形装置〕
図１４〜図２７に示す通り、前記木質合成粒を中空木質合成材３２９に成形する押出成形装置３０１は、押出機３７０と、この押出機３７０により吐出された押出し生地３７９を所定形状に成形する成形ダイ３１０とを備えている。成形ダイ３１０は、フランジ３１７及び押出ダイ３１９より成る連結手段３３０を介して押出機３７０に連結されている。
【０１０６】
（１）押出機
図１４において、３７０は前述の押出成形装置３０１を構成する押出機である。一般に押出機３７０はスクリュ型で単軸押出成形装置と多軸押出成形装置があり、この変形又はこれらが組み合わさった構造を持つものがあるが、本発明ではいずれの押出成形装置も使用することができる。
【０１０７】
３７１はスクリュで、図１４に示す実施形態にあっては単軸型であり、このスクリュ３７１はギヤ減速機３７２を介して図示せざるモータによって駆動され、バレル３７４内で回転する。ホッパ３７３から投入された木質合成粒は、このスクリュ３７１の回転によって混練されながら前方へと押出される。
【０１０８】
バレル３７４の外面にはバンドヒータ３７５を設けており、このバンドヒータ３７５によりバレル３７４内で木質合成粒が加熱され、スクリュ３７１の溝に沿って前方へ搬送されながら漸次溶融・練成される。
【０１０９】
（２）連結手段
押出機３７０により溶融・練成された木質合成粒は、フランジ３１７及び押出ダイ３１９から成る連結手段を介して成形ダイ３１０へ押出し生地３７９として押出される。
【０１１０】
図１４及び図１５において、バレル３７４先端には押出ダイ３１９が連結されており、本実施形態にあっては、この押出ダイ３１９は、バレル３７４の出口側の後端面に直径６５ｍｍの円形を成す流入口３１３、成形ダイ側の先端面に幅６５ｍｍ、高さ２５ｍｍの略小判形状を成す射出口３１５を備えており、押出ダイ３１９内には、流入口３１３から射出口３１５に向けて徐々に小径に断面変形する連通孔が形成されている。もっとも、この押出ダイ３１９は押出機３７０の大きさに応じて種々の大きさに形成できる。
【０１１１】
押出ダイ３１９の先端には、フランジ３１７が取り付けられている。このフランジ３１７は、図１６に示す通り、押出ダイ３１９の射出口３１５と同形状の流入口３１６と、幅１５０．０ｍｍ、高さ３７．６ｍｍの方形の射出口３１８を備えており、フランジ３１７内には流入口３１６から射出口３１８にかけて徐々に大径に断面変形する連通孔３１７ａが形成されている。３１７ｂは貫通穴、３１７ｃは通し穴である。
【０１１２】
フランジ３１７や押出ダイ３１９の周壁内に加熱手段たるヒ一タ（図示せず）を取り付けても良い。ヒータにより、押出機３７０より押し出された押出し生地３７９は、押出ダイ３１９及びフランジ３１７から連通孔を経る際にも加熱保温されるので、押出ダイ３１９から成形ダイ３１０内へ流動する押出生地３７９の流動状態が良好となる。
【０１１３】
しかも、押出ダイ３１９は、通常の一般的なダイとは異なり射出口３１５が大きいため、多量の溶融原料（本実施形態にあっては木質合成粒）を吐出することができ、且つ圧密を促進することが可能な形状に形成されているので、通常の押出ダイで生じていたようなダイの目詰まりが生じない。
【０１１４】
（３）成形ダイ
図１４〜図１５において、３１０は成形ダイであり、上記連結手段を介して押出機３７０より押し出された押出し生地３７９が導入される。図１７に示す成形ダイ３１０の内側上下面は、図１８に示すプレート３１１が固定され、このプレート３１１が成形ダイ３１０の内壁を構成し、その内部に中子体３４０が収容されている。成形ダイ３１０は、導入された押出し生地３７９を加熱する溶融部３２１ａ及び溶融部３２１ａから押し出された押出生地３７９を徐冷する徐冷部３２１ｂから成る成形室３２２と、押出し生地３７９に中空部を形成する中子体３４０を備えている。成形ダイ３１０は、一例として、幅１０８０ｍｍ、高さ２４１．６ｍｍの矩形状の断面を成し、成形室３２２の入口から出口までの距離は１０００ｍｍとする。
【０１１５】
本実施形態にあっては、溶融部３２１ａは、フランジ３１７の射出口３１８と同形状の入口から徐々に広がってゆき、押出し生地３７９が成形ダイ３１０内部で滞留することなく、円滑に横方向に広がることができるように形成されている。溶融部３２１ａの入口と同形状の断面形状を成す徐冷部３２１ｂが形成され、成形室３２２が押出し方向に一定の断面形状に形成されている。
【０１１６】
成形室３２２は、図１９及び図２０に示す通り、冷却手段をそれぞれ備える上下２枚の金属板をその間の両側縁に配置した一対の金属製のスペーサ３２４を介装させて、サンドイッチ構造で形成された内部を構成するものである。成形室３２２は、断面方形に形成したものである。スペーサ３２４の交換により任意の目的とする成形板の肉厚が得られるように調整する。図１９に示す通り、一対のスペーサ３２４は平面視で、中子体３４０の両側に配置されたものである。スペーサ３２４の基部は入口側空隙面積が減少されるようにせり出している。スペーサ３２４の詳細な構造は図２０に示す。スペーサ３２４は板状であって、平面視でカーブした内側面３２４ａを備え、基端面３２４ｂは端面３２４ｃと直交しており、略三角形のせり出し部３２４ｄを形成している。３２４ｅは取付穴である。
【０１１７】
図１５において、３１４はヒータで、電熱ヒータ等の加熱手段から成り、押出し生地３７９を加熱保温し、押出し生地３７９の流動性を維持するため、溶融部３２１ａの上下に等間隔で挿通して配管設置されている。
【０１１８】
また、図１５に示す通り、３２５は冷却管で、成形室３２２の徐冷部３２１ｂを冷却する冷却手段の一例を示すもので、この冷却管３２５に冷却液を供給して成形室３２２内の押出し生地３７９をその外側から冷却する。この冷却管は、成形ダイ出口の方向に向けて約２分の１を占める徐冷部３２１ｂに、等間隔で挿通して配管設置されている。なお、冷却管３２５の間隔を次第に狭くするように設けることもでき、あるいは冷却管３２５を成形ダイ３１０の外壁に配設することもできるが、成形室３２２内の押出し生地３７９を冷却できればよいので、この構造に限定されない。
【０１１９】
図２１に示す複数の取付穴３２６ａが形成された断熱板３２６と、図２２に示す複数の取付穴３２７ａが形成された補強板３２７が形成されている。断熱板３２６を設けたのは、熱損失を防止するためである。補強板３２７は、徐冷部３２１ａの上下領域に設けることが好ましい。補強板３２７を設けたのは、内部にかかる押出し生地３７９の圧力で成形ダイ３１０の変形又は破損を防止するためである。断熱板３２６は、補強板３２７と成形ダイ３１０の間に介装されることが好ましい。補強板３２７の厚みは断熱板３２６の厚みより大きいことが好ましい。断熱板３２６の大きさは、幅１０８０ｍｍ×高さ２０ｍｍ×長さ６１５ｍｍである。補強板３２７の大きさは幅１０８０ｍｍ×高さ６１．２ｍｍ×長さ６１５ｍｍである。成形ダイ３１０に断熱板３２６及び補強板３２７を加えた高さは４０４ｍｍである。
図示は略すが熱電対が断熱板３２６及び補強板３２７に貫設され、ヒータ３１４の温度を計測可能になっている。
【０１２０】
図１５、図１９、図２３に示す中子体３４０は、中空木質合成材３２９内に形成される各中空部の断面形状と略同様の断面形状を有し、成形ダイ３１０の溶融部３２１ａから成形ダイ出口側に向かって押出し生地３７９の押出方向と略平行に突出する複数の棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎにより構成されている。基部３４４（図１５及び図１９参照）は、棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎを固着するものである。基部３４４はガイドブロックの形状と構造であり、板材に少なくとも２個の上下に突出する突出部（例えば円柱形）を間隔を置いて備え、板材が押出し方向に尖っており、後端は丸くなっている。
【０１２１】
本実施形態にあっては、棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、図２３（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示すように構成されている。図２３（ａ）に示す通り、棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、長さを中央部で最大長とし、（図では７５５ｍｍ（棒状部材３４８ａ，３４８ｎの間））、側方に行くほど、長さが短くなっており、成形ダイ３１０の入口側で円弧状になるように配置されている。これは成形ダイ３１０内に入ってきた押出し生地３７９との間に生じる摩擦抵抗を緩和し、押出し生地３７９が端部まで円滑に広がり易くするためである。
【０１２２】
前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、前記溶融部３２１ａから押出し生地３７９の押出方向に平行に突出して少なくとも前記徐冷部３２１ｂに延長している。各棒状部材間に所定間隙幅の間隙３４６（図２３では４．１ｍｍ）が形成されるよう、等間隔に平行に配置されている。
【０１２３】
また、本実施形態にあっては、前記棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、成形ダイ３１０の入口側、すなわち押出し生地３７９の押出方向上流側端部の両角部が平面において丸められており、且つ、図１５に示すように縦断面において半円弧状に膨出した、全体として丸みを帯びた形状に形成され、押出し生地３７９との間に生じる摩擦抵抗を緩和するよう形成されている。
【０１２４】
棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、中空木質合成材３２９内に形成する中空部の数に応じて適宜数とすることができ、断面形状も中空木質合成材３２９に形成する中空部の形状に応じて種々の形状を採ることが可能である。
【０１２５】
中子体３４０は、棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎそれぞれが個々に独立して形成されていることから、該棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ間に形成される間隙３４６の上流において、押出し生地３７９導入の妨げとなるものは存在せず、該間隙３４６に押出し生地３７９を円滑に流動させることが可能となる。従って、前記間隙３４６内での押出し生地３７９の密度を高め、押出し生地３７９の不足によるリブ４３０の未形成（図２４参照）等を効果的に防止することが可能となり、成形速度を上昇させた場合であっても、高品質の中空木質合成材を成形することができる。
【０１２６】
前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、前記成形ダイ３１０入口側において基部３４４と一体的に形成されている。本実施形態にあっては、前記基部３４４は、図１５に示すように二つの凸部を有しており、該二つの凸部を成形ダイ３１０内壁面に設けられた凹部とそれぞれ成合させることにより、図１９に示すように、基部３４４と一体的に形成されている各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎを平行な状態に維持したまま、前記成形ダイ３１０の溶融部３２１ａの上下内壁に固着している。
【０１２７】
基部３４４は、平面において、棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎと同様、押出し生地３７９の押出方向上流側端部の両角部が丸められており、且つ、押出方向下流側端部に向かってその幅を狭める略流線形に形成されており、溶融部３２１ａを流れる押出し生地３７９が抵抗無く流れるよう構成されている。
【０１２８】
棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎは、成形ダイ３１０の溶融部３２１ａから成形ダイ出口側に向かって、その矩形状の断面を僅かに狭めるテーパー状を成しており、従って成形ダイ出口方向に向かって中空木質合成材３２９を押出し易い形状に構成されている。
【０１２９】
この基部３４４を固着する成形ダイ３１０の上部内壁面には、成形ダイ３１０の壁面を貫通して、水、油等の液体、空気、その他のガス等の冷却媒体を供給する図示せざる冷却媒体の供給源と連通された導入路３４１が形成されており、この冷却媒体の導入路３４１が成形ダイ３１０の壁面及び基部３４４を貫通して溶融部３２１ａにおける中子体３４０の各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎに至り、徐冷部３２１ｂにおいて各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ内に形成された後述の冷却媒体の流路３４２に連通している。
【０１３０】
各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ内に形成された冷却媒体の導入路３４１は、断熱材３４３にて包囲されており、導入路３４１内を通過する冷却媒体が該部において押出し生地を冷却することを防止すると共に、冷却媒体の温度を保ち、後述の冷却媒体の流路３４２に冷却媒体が導入されたときの冷却効果の向上を図っている。
【０１３１】
本実施形態にあっては、外周に断熱材としてミオレックスＰＭＸ−５７５（菱電化成）を配置した直径４ｍｍの金属製パイプにて成形ダイ３１０の壁面、基部３４４及び中子体３４０を貫通し、これを冷却媒体の導入路３４１としている。
【０１３２】
本実施形態にあっては、流路３４２は、一端において前述のように冷却媒体の導入路３４１に連通し、他端を中子体３４０の端部（成形ダイ３１０の出口方向）において開口するものとする。流路３４２内に導入された冷却媒体は、各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ内に形成された流路３４２及び中空木質合成材３２９内に形成された中空部を通過するときに押出し生地３７９及び中空木質合成材３２９を内部より徐冷する。
【０１３３】
尚、前記流路３４２は、前述の構成に代えて、例えば徐冷部３２１ｂの各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ内において成形ダイ３１０の出口側の端部で連通する二重管構造とし、この一方を冷却媒体の導入源に連通すると共に、他方を冷却媒体の排出口に連通して、冷却媒体である例えば冷却水や冷却油が、中子体３４０内を循環するよう構成しても良く、押出し生地３７９を内側より徐冷し得る構成であれば導入される冷却媒体の種類、その他各種の条件の変更にしたがって種々の設計変更が可能である。
【０１３４】
成形ダイ３１０の内壁面は、フッ素樹脂により被覆されていることが好ましい。このフッ素樹脂の被覆方法としては、フッ素樹脂を直接表面にコーティングすることによって行っても良いが、交換が容易であり且つ耐久性に富むという点で、母材となるシートにフッ素樹脂をコーティングしたフッ素樹脂シート３５０’の貼設により行うことが好ましい。
【０１３５】
フッ素樹脂シート３５０’は、成形室３２２の上下の内壁面、すなわち中空木質合成材３２９の表裏面を形成する面に相当する内壁面のみに施すこともできるが、成形室３２２の上下左右の内壁面全体に一連に貼設することが好ましい。
【０１３６】
成形ダイ３１０内壁面に貼設するフッ素樹脂シート３５０’としては、ガラス繊維の織物を母材とし、これにフッ素樹脂をコーティングしたもの（以下、本明細書において「ガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シート」という。）等を使用することもできるが、後述するフッ素樹脂分散液を含浸させ、乾燥、焼成して成るアラミド繊維の織布（以下、本明細書において「アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート」という。）を用いることが好ましい。前記収容体３５０を形成するフッ素樹脂シート３５０’としては、収容体３５０として形成しうるものであれば如何なるものであってもよい。
【０１３７】
前記成形ダイ３１０内壁面と同様、押出し生地３７９との摩擦を緩和するため、前記中子体３４０の棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎをフッ素樹脂シート３５０’の収容体３５０にて個々に被覆するか又は中子体３４０の全部又は一部（基端部が好ましい）を被覆することが好ましい。収容体３５０は、着脱・交換が容易であると共に、立体形状の中子体３４０に対しての使用に好適である。
【０１３８】
このアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の母材を構成するアラミド（全芳香族ポリアミド）は耐熱性に優れ、高強度、高ヤング率であるため強化材としても使用されており、このアラミド繊維の織布を母材とする該フッ素樹脂シート３５０’は、立体形状である中子体３４０に取り付けて使用するに適した柔軟性と耐屈曲特性を有すると共に、高い引張り強さを備えることから長期間の使用にも耐え得るものとなっている。
【０１３９】
該アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’に用いられるフッ素樹脂としては、ポリ四フッ化エチレン（テフロン（登録商標）ＴＦＥ；デュポン社）、フッ化エチレンープロピレンコポリマ（テフロン（登録商標）ＦＥＰ）、ポリ三フッ化塩化エチレン（テフロン（登録商標）ＣＴＦＥ）、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（テフロン（登録商標）ＶｄＦ）等が挙げられる。
【０１４０】
尚、本実施形態にあっては、前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’として、本多産業（株）製のライナーベルト用フッ素樹脂コーティングシート「マックスライナーベルト」（ＨＡＳ−Ｐ５０６）を用いている。
【０１４１】
前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の収容体３５０による被覆は、押出し生地３７９との摩擦を緩和すべく、前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎのうち、少なくとも押出し生地３７９の押出方向上流側端部において行なうが、各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ全体に対して行なってもよく、本実施形態にあっては、溶融部３２１ａ内における各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎ全体について被覆する。
【０１４２】
前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’は、柔軟性と耐屈曲特性を有するため、これを縫着、接着等して接合することによって、一例として図２５に示すような袋状体３５３の収容体３５０を形成することができる。
【０１４３】
アラミド繊椎フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の袋状体３５３は、例えば図２５（Ａ）〜図２５（Ｃ）に示すように、一枚の略矩形状のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０，の長辺ｂ，ｄを、向かい合う短辺ａ，ｃが重なり合うよう中央Ｘ−Ｘ線で折り返し、この折り返しにより辺ｂ及び辺ｄがＸ−Ｘ線を中心に二分されることによりそれぞれ形成された辺ｂ’と辺ｂ’’，辺ｄ’と辺ｄ’’とを、それぞれ図２５（Ｂ）に破線で示す縫着線に沿って縫着した後、縫い目が内側となるよう裏返すことによって形成することができる。
【０１４４】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の袋状体３５３は、例えば図２５（Ａ）〜図２５（Ｃ）に示すように、一枚の略矩形状等のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の長辺ｂ，ｄを、向かい合う短辺ａ，ｃが重なりあうよう中央ｘ−ｘ線で折り返し、この折り返しにより辺ｂ及び辺ｄがｘ−ｘ銭を中心に二分されることにより夫々形成された辺ｂ’と辺ｂ’’，辺ｄ’と辺ｄ’’とを、それぞれ図２５（Ｂ）に破線で示す縫着線にそって縫着した後、縫い目が内側となるように折り返すことによって形成することができる。つまり、図２５（Ａ）のＸ−Ｘ線において分割されている二枚の略矩形状のシートを使用して、辺ａと辺ｃを除く３辺を同様に縫着する。
【０１４５】
前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎの形状に対応する、一辺の開口した袋状体３５３の収容体３５０を形成し、この袋状体３５３を成形ダイ３１０の入口側から押出し生地３７９の押出方向に向かって中子体３４０の各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎへ被せることにより、前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎをアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の収容体３５０で被覆することができる。
【０１４６】
本実施形態の中子体３４０は各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎが独立して形成されているため、従来の結合部３４５を有する中子体３４０と比較して、前記フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の収容体３５０による被覆を個々に行なうことが可能となると共に、その着脱も容易となる。
【０１４７】
また、前記フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の袋状体３５３の長さを変更することにより、各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎを被覆する長さを容易に調整することができる。
【０１４８】
本実施形態にあっては、前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の袋状体３５３の収容体３５０が被覆するのは溶融部３２１ａ内における棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎであって、押出し生地３７９は該溶融部３２１ａにおいては冷却されず溶融状態を維持しているため、押出し生地３７９と接触する袋状体３５３の表面がこの縫い目により多少凹凸を有していても、この凹凸は最終的に得られる中空木質合成材３２９の形状に影響を与えない。
【０１４９】
尚、前記各棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎと一体的に形成されて成る基部３４４の側面についても、前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の収容体３５０を被覆してもよい。これにより、基部３４４平面の略流線形状と相侯って押出し生地３７９を抵抗無く流動させることができる。
【０１５０】
次に変更形態の中子体４４０及びアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’を図２８乃至図３１を参照し説明する。対応する構成要素は４００番台とし、共通する構成は説明を援用する。
【０１５１】
中子体４４０のように、各棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎを成形ダイ４１０の溶融部４２１ａ内で結合する結合部４４５が設けられている場合には、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎ間に形成される間隙４４６の上流がこの結合部４４５において閉ざされているため、この結合部４４５の存在が、中空木質合成材３２９のリブ３２９ｃを形成する間隙４４６に対し押出し生地３７９が導入される際の妨げと成ると共に、押出し生地３７９の流路面積を狭め、押出し生地３７９の流れに抵抗を与えるものとなっている。
【０１５２】
本変更形態にあっては図２８及び図２９に示すように、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎを成形ダイ４１０の溶融部４２１ａ内においてこれら棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎと一体的に形成された結合部４４５により結合しており、中子体４４０は、この結合部４４５及び棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎより全体として略櫛歯状に形成されている。
【０１５３】
本変更形態にあっては、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎを結合して成る中子体４４０の結合部４４５は、ブロック状であり、結合部４４５の押出し生地３７９の押出方向上流側端部は、平面において両角部が丸められており、且つ、縦断面において半円弧状に膨出した全体として丸みを帯びた形状に形成され、押出し生地３７９との間に生じる摩擦抵抗を緩和するよう形成されている。
【０１５４】
また、前記結合部４４５は、押出し生地３７９の押出方向下流において棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎ間に形成される間隙４４６に至る傾斜部４４５ａを有しており、該傾斜部４４５ａは、図２９に示すように、縦断面において徐々に幅を狭めるテーパー状を成し、押出し生地３７９が棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎ間に形成される間隙４４６へ流動しやすいよう形成されている。
【０１５５】
また、図２９に示すように中子体４４０は、成形ダイ４１０入口側の前記結合部４４５において成形ダイ４１０の溶融部４２１ａの上下内壁に固着された基部４４４と一体的に形成されており、前記基部４４４は、溶融部４２１ａを流れる押出し生地３７９が抵抗無く流れるよう、平面において流線形に形成されている。
【０１５６】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０により、中子体４４０全体を被覆しても良いが、溶融部４２１ａ内に位置する中子体４４０の少なくとも一部分に対して被覆され、結合部４４５に対して被覆される。
【０１５７】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’は、その柔軟性と耐屈曲特性により一例として図３０に示すように、これを縫着等、または接着剤にて接着する等して接合することにより袋状体４５３の収容体４５０を形成することもでき、結合部４４５の形状に対応する、一辺の開口した袋状体４５３を形成し、この袋状体４５３を成形ダイ４１０の入口側から押出し生地３７９の押出方向に向かって中子体４４０の端部又は結合部４４５へ被せることにより、中子体４４０をアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆することができる。
【０１５８】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の袋状体４５３は、例えば図３０（Ａ）〜図３０（Ｃ）に示すように、一枚の略矩形状等のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の長辺ｂ，ｄを、向かい合う短辺ａ，ｃが重なりあうよう中央ｘ−ｘ線で折り返し、この折り返しにより辺ｂ及び辺ｄがｘ−ｘ銭を中心に二分されることにより夫々形成された辺ｂ’と辺ｂ’’，辺ｄ’と辺ｄ’’とを、それぞれ図３０（Ｂ）に破線で示す縫着線にそって縫着した後、縫い目が内側となるように折り返すことによって形成することができる。
【０１５９】
図３０に示す通り、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の袋状体４５３が、図２９の結合部４４５に形成された傾斜部４４５ａの形成位置をも被覆可能なサイズに形成されている場合には、このうち、傾斜部４４５ａに対応する部分については、切り取ることにより傾斜部４４５ａを袋状体４５３より露出させ、または、切り込みを入れる等して傾斜部４４５ａの形状に沿わせるなどして、傾斜部４４５ａの傾斜形状を維持できるようにする。
【０１６０】
図３１に示すように、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’を縫着、または接着剤にて接着等して接合することにより、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎの形成本数に対応して一端開口が複数股（図示の例では１４股４５４ａ〜４５４ｎ）に分岐された筒状体４５４の収容体４５０を形成し、この筒状体４５４を成形ダイ出口側の棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎ先端から押出し生地３７９の押出方向とは逆方向に成形ダイ３１０入口側に向かって被せることにより、中子体４４０のうち、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎの少なくとも端部寄りの端部をアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆することもできる。
【０１６１】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の筒状体４５４は、例えば図３１（Ａ）〜図３１（Ｃ）に示すように、棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎ間に形成される間隙４４６の幅を二等分する線に対応して、一辺ａに対し直交方向を成す切り込み４５２が設けられた二枚の矩形状アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’，４５０’を重ね合わせ、この切り込み４５２に対して平行方向を成す２辺ｂ，ｄと、切り込み４５２を挟んでその両側において前記二枚のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’，４５０’を図３１（Ｂ）中に破線で示す縫着線に沿って縫着した後、縫い目が内側となるよう裏返すことによって形成することができる。
【０１６２】
尚、前述の形成法に代えて、図３０（Ａ）のｘ−ｘ線において分割されている二枚の略矩形状のシートを使用してもよく、この場合には辺ａと辺ｃを除く３辺を同様に縫着する。
【０１６３】
アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の筒状体４５４の収容体４５０を用いれば、中子体４４０の端部のみならず、各棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎについても効果的に被覆することができ、また、筒状体４５４となるアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’に形成する切り込み４５２の長さを変更することにより、各棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎを被覆する長さを容易に調整することができる。
【０１６４】
尚、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の筒状体４５４の収容体４５０により中子体４４０を被覆する場合には、この筒状体４５４は２枚のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’，４５０’の辺ａ，ａ間に開口が形成され、この開口が押出し生地３７９の押出し方向上流に向かって開放しているため、中子体４４０への被覆後は、該開口を成す辺ａ，ａを共に下流側に折り返して端部の上面又は下面に留める等して、押出し生地３７９がアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０内に入らないようにする。
【０１６５】
尚、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の袋状体４５３及び筒状体４５４を縫着して両者を一体に収容体４５０として形成してもよい。
【０１６６】
【実施例】
前述の押出成形装置３０１を使用し、表１に示すように、実施例として、成形ダイ３１０内壁面にアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設し、中子体４４０を前記アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の袋状体４５３〔図３０（Ｃ）参照〕の収容体４５０で被覆した場合（実施例１）と、実施例１で中子体４４０に被覆した袋状体４５３の収容体４５０に代えて、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の筒状体４５４〔図３１（Ｃ）参照〕の収容体４５０で中子体４４０を被覆した場合（実施例２）、及び、比較例として、成形ダイ３１０内壁面にアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設し、中子体３４０には直接フッ素樹脂をコーティングした場合（比較例１、比較例３）と、比較例１で成形ダイ３１０内壁面に貼設したアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートに代え、ガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シートを成形ダイ３１０内壁面に貼設した場合（比較例２、比較例４）の成形結果について比較した。
【０１６７】
【表２】

※アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート…ＨＡＳ，ガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シート…ＨＧＳ
【０１６８】
上記実施例の成形結果を示すと次のようになる。
スクリュー回転速度が５０ｒ．ｐ．ｍ．の場合、成形速度が４．９２Ｍ／Ｈ、吐出量が８１．０Ｋｇ／Ｈ、生地圧力が４．０Ｍｐａとなる。
スクリュー回転速度が４０ｒ．ｐ．ｍ．の場合、成形速度が４．０２Ｍ／Ｈ、吐出量が６０．３Ｋｇ／Ｈ、生地圧力が３．０Ｍｐａとなる。
【０１６９】
中子体４４０にフッ素樹脂を直接コーティングした場合（比較例１）と、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆した場合（実施例１及び実施例２）を比較すると、成形速度についてはそれほど差がなく、また、アラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートが貼設された成形ダイ３１０内壁と接触して成形される中空木質合成材３２９の板部分についても、両者に目立った外観の差異はみられなかった。
【０１７０】
しかし、中空木質合成材３２９のリブ４３０部分については、外観の差異が著しく、比較例１の場合にはリブ４３０表面が十分に平坦とならず、窪み等の成形不良が生じることが確認された（図２４参照）。また、押出機３７０から成形ダイ３１０内に押し出される押出し生地３７９の圧力を測定した「生地圧力」についても、比較例１が最も高い数値を示す。
【０１７１】
このことから、中子体４４０がフッ素樹脂で直接コーティングされている比較例１にあっては、押出し生地３７９は成形ダイ３１０の入口側では高圧力であるにも拘わらず、成形ダイ３１０内の成形部位においては中子体４４０の棒状部材間４４８ａ〜４４８ｎに形成される間隙３４６内に押出し生地３７９を十分に導入し得る程、圧力が高まっていないことが判る。このような現象は、未だ押出し生地３７９と中子体４４０との間に生じる摩擦抵抗が大きく、成形ダイ３１０の入口付近における押出し生地３７９がいわば栓のような役目をしているため、押出機３７０からの吐出圧力が効率的に成形ダイ３１０内の生地圧力を上昇し得ないためと考えられる。
【０１７２】
これに対し、中子体４４０をフッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆している実施例１及び実施例２にあっては、比較例１のような成形不良は確認できず、リブ３２９ｃ部分においても綺麗な外観を呈する中空木質合成材３２９が得られた。このことから、実施例１及び実施例２にあっては、押出し生地３７９と中子体４４０との間の摩擦抵抗が比較例１に比べて十分に低減されていると考えられる。
【０１７３】
以上より、中子体４４０には、フッ素樹脂を直接コーティングするよりも、フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆するほうが、好ましい成形結果を得られるということが確認できた。
【０１７４】
また、中子体４４０を被覆するフッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０を、袋状体４５３とした場合（実施例１）と、筒状体４５４とした場合（実施例２）について比較すると、実施例２は、実施例１に比較してさらに生地圧力が低く、成形ダイ３１０の入口側で掛けられた圧力が、効率良く成形ダイ３１０の内部にまで伝わっていることが判る。これは、実施例２で使用したアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の筒状体４５４が、中子体４４０の結合部４４５のみならず棒状部材４４８ａ〜４４８ｎの上流側端部までもアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆可能な形状に形成されているために、実施例１のものと比較して中子体４４０と押出し生地３７９との摩擦を更に軽減することができ、押出し生地３７９の流動がより滑らかとなるためと考えられる。このように、実施例２にあっては、成形ダイ３１０の入口側で加えられた圧力を、より効率よく成形ダイ３１０の成形部位に対して伝えることができることから、同じスクリュ３７１の回転数において、実施例１に比較して成形速度（引取速度）を上昇させた場合でも成形ダイ３１０内の生地圧力の低下を推持でき、より効率的に中空木質合成材３２９を製造することが可能となる。
【０１７５】
成形ダイ３１０内壁面にアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設した場合（比較例１及び比較例３）と、ガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設した場合（比較例２及び比較例４）では、成形速度については、同一のスクリュ回転数で比較すると両者に目立った差異は見られず（比較例１：２、比較例３：４）、また、両者とも、スクリュ回転数が４０（ｒｐｍ）（比較例３、比較例４）から５０（ｒｐｍ）（比較例１、比較例２）へと上昇するのに伴い、吐出量及び成形速度が上昇していることがわかる。
【０１７６】
しかし、中空木質合成材３２９の外観については、比較例４では、中空木質合成材３２９の板部分に歪み等の成形不良が生じる場合があり、また、スクリュ回転数を５０（ｒｐｍ）とした比較例２においては、吐出量、成形速度の上昇に伴い、比較例４よりもこの現象が著しいものとなった。よって、成形ダイ３１０内壁面にガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設した場合にあっては、スクリュ回転数が４０（ｒｐｍ）を超えたあたりから中空木質合成材３２９の品質に劣化が生じ、スクリュ回転数を高めると、それに伴い劣化の度合いも大きくなるといえる。
【０１７７】
これに対し、比較例１及び比較例３では、中空木質合成材３２９の板部分については綺麗な外観を呈する中空木質合成材３２９を成形することができた。このことから、成形ダイ３１０内壁面にアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シートを貼設した場合にあっては、スクリュ回転数が４０（ｒｐｍ）また５０（ｒｐｍ）を超えても、上記のような成形不良が生じることはなく、中空木質合成材３２９の品質に劣化が生じないといえる。
【０１７８】
以上より、中空木質合成材３２９の板部分の成形の観点からは、成形ダイ３１０の内壁面に対してフッ素樹脂シートを貼設することが好ましく、また、貼設するフッ素樹脂シートとしては、成形不良等の品質の劣化を生じさせることなく成形速度の向上が可能であるという点において、ガラス繊維フッ素樹脂シートに比較してアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’を用いることがより好ましいことが確認できた。
【０１７９】
また、中子体４４０にフッ素樹脂を直接コーティングしたこれらの比較例１〜４にあっては、全てにおいて中空木質合成材３２９のリブ部分４３０（図２４参照）の成形不良が見られた。このことから、成形速度を向上させ、且つ板部分及びリブ部分の双方について成形不良の生じていない中空木質合成材を製造するためには、中子体４４０をアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０で被覆すると共に、成形ダイ３１０の内壁にアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’を貼設した実施例１及び実施例２の実験装置が最も適していることが確認できた。
【０１８０】
尚、本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲に於て、改変等を加えることが出来るものであり、それらの改変、均等物等も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれることとなる。
【０１８１】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、衝撃摩砕力を付加することにより処理対象としての接着加工木材から、接着剤含有物と接着剤除去木片とを分離し、かつこれを所定の径範囲内に整形され素材化された木材として効率良く再利用し得るようにした。さらに、接着加工木材に衝撃摩砕力を付加すると共に遠心力を作用させることにより衝撃摩砕力の主として衝撃力と遠心力との相乗効果によって、接着加工木材から、特に分離が難しいとされていた接着剤含有物を容易に分離かつ除去し、かつこれを所定の径範囲内に整形され素材化された木材として効率良く整形し、再利用し得るようにできた。
【０１８２】
木質合成材の原料となる木粉が接着加工木材から非常に安く製造できるので、接着加工木材の需要増大によるリサイクルが促進できる。また環境問題も解決できる。
パーティクルボードの原料となる接着剤除去木片の表面が平滑であるので、接着剤除去木片へ接着剤が接着しやすく、パーティクルボードの品質が向上する。
木質合成材又はパーティクルボードから臭気が無くなり、表面に汚れが現れないので、それらの製品価値が高まる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の処理対象である接着加工木材のリサイクル方法の基本的な実施例の方法を適用した場合の概要を原理的かつ模式的に示す処理工程の系統説明図である。
【図２】本発明の処理対象である接着加工木材のリサイクル方法の基本的な実施例の方法を適用した場合の概要を原理的かつ模式的に示す処理工程の系統説明図である。
【図３】粗砕工程における一実施例における装置の概要構成を模式的に示す縦断面図である。
【図４】乾燥・攪拌装置の正面図である。
【図５】図４のＩＩ−ＩＩ線断面図である。
【図６】図５のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線断面図である。
【図７】図４のＩＶ−ＩＶ線断面図である。
【図８】乾燥室の底部の開閉機構の一例を示す概略図である。
【図９】本発明の粗砕工程の実施例に使用するカッタミル（破砕手段）の要部を示す全体斜視図である。
【図１０】洗浄・分離・分級装置の概要構成を模式的に示す縦断面図である。
【図１１】洗浄・分離・分級装置の内部構造図である。
【図１２】（ａ）は粗砕片８２の外観図、（ｂ）は接着剤除去木片８６の外観図、（ｃ）は接着剤含有物８８の外観図である。
【図１３】接着剤除去木片８６を原料とするパーティクルボードの再生方法を示すフローチャートである。
【図１４】本発明の実施形態における押出成形装置３０１の押出機３７０の一部断面図である。
【図１５】本発明の実施形態における押出成形装置３０１の連結手段及び成形ダイ３１０の一部断面図である。
【図１６】（ａ）はフランジ３１７の正面図、（ｂ）はフランジ３１７の平面図、（ｃ）はフランジ３１７の側面図、（ｄ）はフランジ３１７の流入口３１６の詳細図である。
【図１７】（ａ）は成形ダイ３１０（金型）平面図、（ｂ）は成形ダイ３１０（金型）の正面図、（ｃ）は成形ダイ３１０（金型）の側面である。
【図１８】（ａ）はプレート３１１の平面図、（ｂ）はプレート３１１の正面図、（ｃ）はプレート３１１の側面図である。
【図１９】押出成形装置３０１の成形ダイ３１０の内部を説明する平面図である。
【図２０】（ａ）はスペーサ３２４の背面図、（ｂ）は同平面図、（ｃ）は同左側面図、（ｄ）は同正面図である。
【図２１】（ａ）は断熱板３２６の平面図、（ｂ）は断熱板３２６の正面図である。
【図２２】（ａ）は補強板３２７の平面図、（ｂ）は補強板３２７の正面図である。
【図２３】（ａ）は棒状部材３４８ａ〜３４８ｎの平面／正面図、（ｂ）は棒状部材３４８ａの側面断面図、（ｃ）は棒状部材３４８ｈの側面図である。
【図２４】成形不良の中空木質合成材３２９の断面図である。
【図２５】本発明の実施形態におけるアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の袋状体の収容体の形成方法を示した図であり、（Ａ）は略矩形状のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のシートを中央Ｘ−Ｘ線で折り返し縫着した状態、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）のシートを裏返すことにより形成された袋状体を示す。
【図２６】（ａ）はアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’の平面図、（ｂ）はアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート３５０’のＸＶＩＢ−ＸＶＩＢ断面図である。
【図２７】中空木質合成材３２９の正面図である。
【図２８】本発明の変更形態における押出成形装置の成形ダイ４１０の平面断面図である。
【図２９】本発明の変更形態における中子体４４０の一部縦断面図である。
【図３０】本発明の変更形態におけるアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０（袋状体４５３）の形成方法を示した図 であり、（Ａ）は略矩形状のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のシート４５０’を中央Ｘ−Ｘ線で折り返し縫着した状態、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）のシート４５０’を裏返すことにより形成された袋状体４５３の収容体を示す。
【図３１】本発明の別の変更形態におけるアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’の収容体４５０（筒状体４５４）の形成方法を示した図であり、（Ａ）は切り込み４５２が設けられた２枚の略矩形状のアラミド繊維フッ素樹脂シート４５０’、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のシート４５０’を重ね合わせて縫着した状態、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）のシート４５０’を裏返すことにより形成された筒状体４５４の収容体を示す。
【符号の説明】
１０ 乾燥・攪拌装置 １５ 乾燥室 ２１ モータ（乾燥・攪拌装置の）
２２ 底部（乾燥・攪拌装置の） ２７ 破砕片（混合物）取出口（乾燥・攪拌装置の） ２８ 破砕片（混合物）投入口（乾燥・攪拌装置の）
２９ 攪拌翼 ３２ シャフト ３４ 棒状体 ３６ 攪拌板
４０ 火炉 ４２ 温風導入口 ４３ 配管 ４４ 収集箱
５４ スクリーン（乾燥・攪拌装置の） ５６ 吸引口（乾燥・攪拌装置の）
８１ 破砕片 ８２ 粗砕片 ８３ 整形木材 ８４（８４’） 接着剤含有物
８６ 接着剤除去木片 ８８ 接着剤含有物
１１０ クラッシャ １２０ カッタミル １２１ カッタミル本体
１２２ 蓋 １２３ 投入口 １２４ カッタ支持体 １２５ 回転刃
１２６ 固定刃 １２７ 投入室 １２８ 粗砕室
１２９ スクリーン １３０ 研磨装置（接着剤分離機）
１３１ 固定円盤 １３２ 供給投入口 １３３ 固定端板
１３４ 固定ピン １３５ 周側板 １４１ 可動円盤
１４２ 回転横軸 １４３ 軸受 １４４ 可動ピン
１５１ スクリーン １５２ 排出口 １５３ 取出口
１５５ 処理空間 １５６ 排出空間 ２１０ａ，２１０ｂ クラッシャ
２１１ 解砕機 ２１２ ネットコンベア ２１３ 磁力選別機
２３１ａ，２３１ｂ 供給管 ２３５ 連通管
２３６ 配管 ２３７ 分岐管 ２３８ 三方電磁弁
２３９ 排出管 ２４０ 回収タンク ２５０ 補集タンク[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to the field of obtaining raw wood powder or wood chips, which can be used as a raw material for woody synthetic materials and bonded wood, from bonded wood, and more particularly, to bonding processed wood used in various fields. A method of recycling bonded wood that crushes processed wood into multiple pieces to be processed, collects and removes adhesive-containing material as separated and removed wood, and recycles the processed wood, as well as the bonding process to obtain this processed wood It relates to a wood recycling device. The raw wood flour or wood chips are obtained from the treated wood, and a woody synthetic material is synthesized from the raw wood flour and the synthetic resin, and various bonding processed products such as particle boards are made from the raw wood chips and the adhesive. is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-04-201405
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2000-218258
Conventionally, plywood and the like have been discarded and burned or landfilled, and most have been treated with either. When chemicals such as adhesives are contained in construction waste materials, concrete formwork waste materials, and the like, various problems due to such harmful substances may occur, so that they must be reclaimed. There is demand for regeneration, but there is no way to use it effectively. The conventional method of recycling a plywood or the like reuses the plywood as it is, and there is a possibility that the use thereof is limited. That is, Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of partially used veneers, which are undamaged portions obtained by cutting and removing a damaged portion of a used veneer to be discarded due to intrusion of rainwater or the like, are joined by a joint at each end face. And it is joined by an adhesive, and is dimensioned as a whole. In the method of producing recycled veneer, which is reclaimed by subjecting used veneer to be discarded to reclaim, the damaged portion of used veneer to be discarded due to intrusion of rainwater or the like is cut and removed. A plurality of used veneers consisting only of damaged parts were prepared, their end faces were put together, joined together with joints, and the joint surfaces at the joints joined with joints were joined with adhesive, and the whole was determined It is to cut to dimensions.
[0003]
The composite material of Patent Document 2 has a conductive sheet in a state where wood such as plywood and a gypsum board made of each non-conductive material and a conductive sheet and an adhesive layer are interposed therebetween. Are heated by electromagnetic induction heating and are joined by an adhesive layer. When the composite material is not used, the conductive sheet is heated by electromagnetic induction heating to bring the adhesive layer into a molten state. By separating the two members in a molten state, each member can be recycled without being broken or broken.
As described above, there has been no attempt to grind bonded wood such as plywood and reuse it as a woody synthetic material.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, plywood and various boards such as a fiber board and a particle board are formed into a board shape by adding a synthetic resin or an adhesive to wood fibers or small pieces. Waste materials and dismantled building materials are sometimes used as materials, which compensates for defects such as return found in muk wood and has dimensional stability.
There are various types of plywood, including ordinary plywood, structural plywood, flame-retardant plywood, and decorative plywood used for interiors. An adhesive (formaldehyde) for bonding wood or the like to a plurality of layers, an antiseptic, a flame retardant, and the like may be problematic.
As for the particle board, formaldehyde contained in the adhesive may cause a problem similarly to the plywood.
The hardboard is the hardest of the fiberboards made by thermally compressing wood fibers. Although emission of formaldehyde and the like is not observed, there is a possibility that recycled wood is used, and there is a possibility that the drug remains.
MDF is a medium-hardness fiberboard used for furniture, system kitchens, and the like, and formaldehyde contained in an adhesive may cause a problem similarly to plywood.
Insulation board is a soft fiberboard used as a tatami floor and thermal insulation,
Not as toxic as plywood, but caution is needed.
OSB is an abbreviated name of an oriented strand board, and is a surface material in which wood chips are hardened, and a phenol-based or MDI-based adhesive is used.
In addition, there is laminated wood. This is a woody material in which ground plates (lamina) or small squared lumber or the like are assembled and bonded in the thickness, width, and length directions with their fiber directions parallel to each other in order to compensate for the defects of wood.
[0005]
When these plywoods are crushed and mixed with synthetic resin for recycling as woody synthetic materials, the organic compounds contained in the chemicals such as adhesives used remain in the recycled products and generate odors or adhesion. There is a problem that the surface of the recycled product becomes dirty due to the adverse effect of the agent. Further, even if recycled, there is a problem in that the mixing ratio of the waste wood containing the adhesive into the recycled product must be reduced due to the problem of odor and the like, and the recycled product is not effectively used. Therefore, conventionally, it was necessary to use thinned wood, adhesive-free waste wood, and the like as raw materials.
Furthermore, in addition to the adhesive, there is a material to which a release agent or the like is applied, and it is necessary to solve the effects on the human body and the environment.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a method of separating an adhesive-containing substance from bonded wood and recovering the wood, wherein the processing target is bonded wood, Crushing the crushed pieces into a plurality of crushed pieces, a drying / stirring step of drying and stirring the crushed pieces, a step of further crushing the collected crushed pieces into a plurality of crushed pieces, and the crushed crushed pieces. A step of applying an impact milling force to separate the coarsely crushed pieces into an adhesive-containing material of a small piece and an adhesive-removed wood piece that is a larger piece. This is a method of recycling bonded wood.
This allows
[0007]
The invention according to claim 2 is that, in the drying / stirring step, the crushed pieces are stirred to remove sediment and the like separated from the crushed pieces by stirring, and the air is flowed into the crushed pieces by stirring with warm air. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of drying.
[0008]
The method for recycling bonded wood according to claim 3 is the method for recycling bonded wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bonded wood is manufactured from the adhesive-removed wood pieces. Thereby, the glued wood can be manufactured again.
[0009]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of recycling bonded wood, wherein a particle board is manufactured from a piece of adhesive-removed wood. Since the surface of this adhesive-removed wood chip is smooth (slippery), it is easy for the adhesive to ride on it, and synthetic resin adhesive is applied to wood and other plant fiber cut and crushed pieces (particles), It is suitable for regenerating a particle board which is a product to be formed into a sheet. The specific production method is to dry the adhesive-removed wood pieces to adjust the water content, classify the resultant, and spray the surface layer, the core layer, and the surface layer in this order to form a mat having a plurality (for example, three layers) of a structure. Preferably, the mat is pressed with a high-temperature, high-pressure press, and at the same time, the adhesive is cured and molded, and the thickness of the original plate is polished to a target thickness.
[0010]
An apparatus for recycling bonded wood according to claim 5, which is an apparatus for collecting wood by separating an adhesive-containing substance from bonded wood, wherein a processing target is bonded wood, and the bonded wood is used as a plurality of pieces. A plurality of crushing means for crushing the crushed pieces; a drying and stirring means for drying and stirring the crushed pieces; a crushing means for further crushing the collected crushed pieces into a plurality of crushed pieces; and the crushed crushed pieces. A fixed side washing / separation / classification means in which each fixed pin is sequentially implanted on a plurality of rotation trajectories on a fixed disk communicating with the supply input port of the unit, and can be rotationally driven facing the fixed disk A movable-side cleaning / separation / classifying means in which each movable pin is sequentially implanted on a plurality of rotation trajectories different from each of the fixed pins on the movable disk provided in the above, and a combination of each of the fixed pins and each of the movable pins A separate contact on the outer periphery Classifying means communicating with the discharge port for discharging the agent-containing material, and take-out means for taking out the collected wood to the take-out port, and between each of the fixed pins and each of the movable pins, coarse crushed pieces are formed by impact grinding force. Is a washing / separating / classifying means for separating / classifying a small piece of adhesive-containing material and an adhesive-removed wood piece which is a larger piece.
[0011]
The recycling apparatus for bonded wood according to claim 6, wherein the drying / stirring means is a stirring means for stirring the crushed pieces, and a means for removing earth and sand separated from the crushed pieces by stirring by the stirring means, 6. An apparatus for recycling bonded wood according to claim 5, further comprising: means for supplying hot air from a hot air supply source and drying by stirring by a stirring means in an air stream in the crushed pieces.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an outline of a recycling processing system for bonded wood. In addition, the glued wood is sorted according to the material as a preparation step [separation step], several [crushing step], [drying / stirring step], further [rough crushing step], and then [washing / separation / classification] Process]. If the glued wood has a low moisture content, the drying step is unnecessary.
[0013]
The equipment configuration of these steps is, for example, a crusher, a drying / stirring machine, a cutter mill, and an adhesive separator, for example.
[0014]
It should be noted that deposits such as mud, soil, sand, dust, adhesives, release agents, etc. are attached to various parts of the surface of the bonded wood.
[0015]
Hereinafter, a description will be given of means for recovering the wood from which the adhesive component has been removed from the bonded wood.
[Separation step] In this step, which is a preparation step, the wood is separated into the glued wood and other materials. Examples of the bonded wood include plywood, MDF, OSB (Oriented Strand Board), and particle board.
[0016]
(Crushing process)
[Primary crushing process] The bonded wood is cut into pieces of an appropriate size using the crushing means 110 shown in FIG. 3 or crushed in a broad sense to form a crushed piece 81 having a size of, for example, about 30 × 30 mm. I do.
[0017]
As the crushing means, a crusher 110 was used in this embodiment. At this time, the above-mentioned deposits are attached to the surface of each crushed piece 81.
[0018]
The crusher 110 is provided with two axes rotating inwardly in parallel in a crusher main body having an input port for crushed material at an upper part, and a plurality of rotary blades provided on each axis at a predetermined interval. Adhered wood is cut into crushed pieces composed of appropriately large pieces by three claw blades which are meshed with each other on the outer periphery of the rotary blade and project from the outer peripheral surface of each rotary blade so as to form an equal angle.
[0019]
The glued lumber introduced from the upper inlet is drawn into the interior by the claw blades of the two-axis rotating blades rotating inward each other, and continuously between the outer peripheral edges of the rotating blades rotating in a meshed state. The crushed piece 81 is formed by being crushed and cut by the compressive force acting at the time of retraction while slitting by the acting shear force. At this time, the adhered substance has adhered to the surface of each crushed piece 81.
[0020]
The crushing means is not limited to the crusher described above, and includes various cutters such as a cutter mill in a coarse crushing step described later, for example, Gainax crusher manufactured by Horai Co., Ltd., or a roll crusher manufactured by Nara Oki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. A crushing means such as a shredder, a crusher or the like can be used.
[0021]
As the crushing means, as shown in FIG. 3, the crusher 110 is arranged in two stages in the vertical direction, and a means for crushing the object to be crushed in two stages is used, thereby dramatically increasing the processing capacity and shortening the processing time. Can be achieved.
[0022]
That is, the crushers 110 are arranged in two stages in the vertical direction, and the crushing means is shown in two stages. The axis of the lower crusher 210b is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the crusher 210a whose axis is arranged in the horizontal direction. ing. As a result, it is possible to dramatically increase the processing capacity and shorten the processing time.
[0023]
Preferably, a crusher 211 is disposed below the housing of the crusher 110 to crush the crushed bonded wood so that the crushed piece 81 can be easily formed as the crushed piece 81, and small stones, sand, etc. in the waste wood. The crusher 211 is provided with a net conveyor 212 formed of a belt-like net inclined at about 45 ° in the vertical direction below the crusher 211, and the pebbles, sand and the like in the crushed pieces 81 are sieved off. Further, preferably, a magnetic force separator 213 is provided below the forward end of the net conveyor 212 in the traveling direction to separate metal pieces such as caps contained in the crushed pieces 81 and iron rust. Further, if necessary, the metal pieces and the crushed pieces 81 from which iron rust has been removed are passed through a rotary sieve 215 made of a metal net to separate foreign matters such as fine pebbles, sand, and metal powder.
[0024]
By performing the crushing step in this manner, the life of the crusher or cutter mill, particularly the blade, can be significantly improved.
[0025]
[Drying / Stirring Step] The small pieces to be treated (crushed pieces) having passed through the above-mentioned crushing step are sent to the drying / stirring step. 4 to 8, reference numeral 10 denotes a drying / stirring device of the present invention. The drying / stirring device 10 has a drying chamber 15 into which crushed pieces 81 are charged and which is dried while stirring the crushed pieces 81. . The purpose of using the drying apparatus is to separate moisture and other deposits such as dust and earth and sand from the treated pieces. This is not the purpose of separating the adhesive-containing material from the crushed pieces.
[0026]
In the drying chamber 15, a stirring blade for stirring the crushed pieces 81 charged in the drying chamber 15 is arranged. The drying chamber 15 is provided in the drying chamber 15 at 50 to 90 ° C. A furnace 40 for generating warm air and a suction / recovery means such as a blower for sucking air in the drying chamber 15 from above the drying chamber 15 and generating an air flow are connected.
[0027]
Although the shape of the drying chamber 15 is not particularly limited, in the present embodiment, the drying chamber 15 is formed in a vertically long rectangular shape in a vertical cross section, and its bottom 22 is formed in an arc shape projecting downward, and Forming a screen 54 having a perforated metal, wire mesh, or other predetermined diameter, for example, a hole having a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, formed on the entire surface or a part thereof, the adhering material 84 ′ having a relatively small diameter or being dried and crushed is formed. It is configured to be sucked and discharged to the collection box 44 outside the drying chamber 15 through the screen 54, for example, by a blower communicating with the collection box.
[0028]
The size of the screen 54 is such that the mud, sand, and powdery deposits 84 ′ in the crushed pieces 81 that have been dried and peeled and crushed pass through, but the adhered processed wood that forms the main body of the crushed pieces 81. The crushed pieces 81 and the like may be formed as long as they do not pass through.
[0029]
Further, the upper part of the drying chamber 15 is formed in a trapezoidal shape to form a shape narrower upward, and a pipe 43 connected to a blower (not shown) at the upper end is connected to the inside of the drying chamber 15. A suction port 56 for generating an air flow and sucking the collected wood floating in the drying chamber out of the drying chamber 15 is provided.
[0030]
In addition, the side wall of the drying chamber 15 communicates with a hot air supply source such as a furnace 40 and a hot air inlet 42 for introducing the hot air introduced from the furnace 40, crushed pieces 81 and other attached matter and foreign matter. An inlet 28 for inputting the mixture is formed.
[0031]
In addition, an inlet for outside air is provided separately from the inlet 42 for the warm air and the inlet 28 for the crushed pieces, and the outside air forcibly introduced from the outside air inlet is sprayed on the crushed pieces 81 to form the crushed pieces 81. Drying and floating may be performed more appropriately, and the hot air introduction port 42 is provided in the bottom portion 22 of the drying chamber 15, and hot air is blown from below the crushed pieces 81 to separate the crushed pieces 81. It can also be configured to be easy to float.
[0032]
The stirring blade 29 described above is disposed above the bottom 22 of the drying chamber 15 formed in an arc shape as described above, and below the hot air inlet 42 and the crushed piece inlet 28. The crushed pieces 81 introduced into the drying chamber 15 are configured to be uniformly exposed to warm air while being stirred by the stirring blades 29.
[0033]
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, each stirring blade 29 is radially planted on a rotatable shaft 32 disposed horizontally in the drying chamber 15, and the stirring blade 29 is It is arranged so as to rotate vertically about the shaft 32 with the rotation of the shaft 32.
[0034]
Preferably, the tip of the stirring blade 29 is arranged so as to move along a surface of the bottom portion 22 formed in the drying chamber 15 through a small gap.
[0035]
As described above, by the stirring of the crushed pieces 81 by the stirring blades 29, the crushed pieces 81 in the drying chamber 15 are uniformly exposed to warm air by the rotation of the stirring blades 29, and are dried. The wood to be recovered having a low sedimentation speed in the initial air flow contained therein is swirled by the stirring blade 29 and is passed through a blower connected to the drying chamber 15 via a pipe 43 in the drying chamber 15. The air flow generated in the drying chamber by suction causes the air to flow into the drying chamber 15 and float.
[0036]
Further, the deposits 84 such as sand, mud, and residues mixed in the crushed pieces 81 are dried by hot air, a part thereof is evaporated and finely crushed by stirring by the stirring blade 29, and the bottom portion 22 of the drying chamber 15 is dried. Is collected in a collection box 44 provided below the screen 54 via the screen 54 formed in the screen 54.
[0037]
The arrangement position of the stirring blade 29 is not particularly limited, and is configured to stir the crushed pieces, apply an impact force to the crushed pieces, and generate an airflow that flies the stirred crushed pieces 81 in the drying chamber 15. Any arrangement may be used, as long as the stirring blade 29 is swung in the vertical direction, or may be arranged so as to swivel in the horizontal direction.
[0038]
Further, the shape of the stirring blade 29 is a plate shape, a plow shape, a shape similar to a propeller or a screw, or a shape contributing to the stirring of the crushed pieces 81 and the generation of the air flow in the drying chamber 15 as described above. Any shape may be used.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 6, the agitating blade 29 has a plate-like shape that connects four rod-like members 34 in parallel with each other to project the four rod-like members 34 in parallel to form a plow-shaped agitating blade 29. A stirring plate 36 is attached.
[0040]
The stirring blade 29 configured as described above is implanted so as to be orthogonal to the shaft 32 disposed in the drying chamber 15 in the horizontal direction, and the shaft 32 is connected to a driving source such as the motor 21. By rotating, the stirring blade 29 is configured to swivel in the drying chamber 15 to stir the crushed pieces 81.
[0041]
In this embodiment, four sets of two stirring blades 29, 29 arranged at 180 ° symmetry with respect to the shaft at 90 ° intervals are arranged at equal intervals to provide a total of eight stirring blades. The wing 29 is arranged (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
[0042]
The shape of the agitating blade 29 is, for example, a punching metal having an opening such as a rectangle or a circle formed in place of the above-described shape, or a metal mesh at the center portion, and passes through the crushed pieces 81 at the portion. It can be formed in the shape obtained, or the bars 34 can be simply arranged in parallel to form the plow-shaped stirring blade 29.
[0043]
The tip of the stirring blade 29 may have various shapes. For example, the stirring blade 29 may be formed in a blade shape having a sharp tip, or may be formed in a shape in which a number of projections protrude.
[0044]
The crushed pieces 81 which are stirred by the rotation of the stirring blade 29 and float in the drying chamber 15 are generated in the drying chamber 15 by suction by a blower (not shown) connected via a pipe 43 above the drying chamber 15. The air is sucked together with the air in the drying chamber, and a part of the wood is collected as the wood to be collected.
[0045]
This blower is 2.2 kW, 100 m in the present embodiment. ³ / Min, and the air fragments generated in the drying chamber by the suction suck the floating crushed pieces 81 into a recovery tank (not shown) or the like, and generate a bad odor or the like generated during drying. Simultaneously, it is sucked and released to the atmosphere after being deodorized by means such as circulating through a furnace.
[0046]
On the other hand, the crushed pieces 81 dried by the warm air introduced into the drying chamber 15 from the furnace 40 through the hot air inlet 42 are separated by the stirring blades 15 and the crushed pieces 81 are separated. The attached matter which has adhered to the piece 81 is dried and the moisture is evaporated to become a solid matter. The attached matter is separated or separated from the surface of the crushed piece 81 by the impact force of stirring by the stirring blade 29 and is slightly crushed. .
[0047]
The adhering matter 84 ′ pulverized by stirring by the stirring blade 29 passes through the screen 54 formed at the bottom of the drying chamber 15, is discharged out of the drying chamber 15, and is disposed below the screen 54. Collected in the collection box 44.
[0048]
A pipe (not shown) connected to a blower or the like is connected to the collection box 44, and the collected deposits 84 'are sucked by the blower or the like and collected in a collection tank or the like. You can also.
[0049]
The collected bonded wood as a processing target is crushed as a piece of wood to be recovered, for example, to about 30 × 30 mm, and the crushed pieces are dried from above the drying / stirring device 10 via a charging port 28 by a bucket conveyor or the like. For example, 25 kg is fed into the chamber 15 as a processing amount per batch.
[0050]
The introduced crushed pieces 81 are stirred by the rotation of the stirring blade 29 in the drying chamber 15, and are introduced into the drying chamber 15 from the furnace 40 through the hot air inlet 42 at a temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. It is dried by being exposed to warm air. The temperature in the drying chamber at this time was about 42 to 77 ° C.
[0051]
The collection of the crushed pieces 81 is performed together with the suction of the air in the drying chamber 15 so that the dirt or the like attached to the bonded wood has a bad smell at the time of the drying or the introduction of warm air. Even when a pungent odor or the like is generated due to heating, the odor or the like is sucked together with the crushed pieces 81. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the generation of the odor by deodorizing the sucked odor by a known method. it can.
[0052]
When the crushed pieces 81 are dried by the stirring blade 29 while being exposed to the warm air as described above, the adhered substances adhered to the crushed pieces 81 are crushed by evaporation of moisture such as rainwater, muddy water, etc. The adhered material 84 adhered to the piece 81 and dried in a solid state is crushed into a fine powder when being stirred by the stirring blade 29, and dried through the screen 54 formed on the bottom portion 22. It is discharged out of the chamber 15.
[0053]
As described above, the deposits 84 such as mud and oils are removed to some extent, and a part of the crushed pieces 81 composed of the glued wood and a small amount of the deposits and other foreign matters remain. Is recovered by opening an outlet 27 (see FIGS. 5 and 8) as an extracting means formed at the bottom 15 of the drying chamber, and is fed to the next crushing step. The size of the crushed pieces 81 is preferably 10 × 10 mm or less.
[0054]
[Test Example] Next, the results of drying and stirring the crushed pieces using a drying and stirring device are shown below.
[0055]
The bonded wood used in this experiment was not pre-treated such as washing.
[0056]
The above-mentioned bonded wood was crushed to a side of about 30 × 30 mm by a crushing step, and the crushed pieces were dried and stirred.
[0057]
The conditions of the drying / stirring apparatus used in this experiment are as shown in Table 1.
[0058]
[Table 1]

[0059]
Using the above experimental apparatus, about 25 kg of bonded wood was dried and stirred in one batch. As a result, 23.8 kg of crushed pieces of the glued wood, mud and other deposits adhering to the glued wood were evaporated or dried, and 0.8 kg of the crushed deposits were collected. Evaporation of water was observed, and the water content was 8 to 15 wt%.
[0060]
No large visible mud or adhered dry matter was found in the recovered glued wood.
[0061]
[Crushing process] The crushed pieces 81 made of the dried bonded wood are further cut into fine pieces or crushed in a broader sense by using a crushing means together with the attached matter, for example, 10 × 10 mm to 12 × 12 mm. It is preferably rectangular or square of about 10 × 10 mm or other irregular shape, but forms coarse crushed pieces 82 each having a size of about 10 to 12 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less. At this time as well, as in the above-mentioned [crushing step], the above-mentioned deposits are adhered to the surface of each coarse crushed piece 82.
[0062]
The crushing means cuts and crushes the crushed pieces 81 to form crushed pieces 82 of an appropriate size, and in this embodiment, is referred to as a "cutter mill" for convenience.
[0063]
FIG. 9 shows a cutter mill 120 which is an example of the crushing means. Reference numeral 121 denotes a cutter mill body, which is a cylindrical casing having an upper surface opening, and the opening is covered with a lid 122 which can be freely opened and closed. The lid 122 has an inlet 123 into which the crushed pieces 81 to be crushed are introduced into the cutter mill main body 121.
[0064]
Further, a cutter support 124 is provided in the cutter mill body 121, which is rotatably supported by a bottom surface of the cutter mill body 121 and is rotated in a horizontal direction by rotation driving means (not shown). Three blades 125 are provided, and these three rotary blades 125 are disposed so as to form an equal angle of 120 degrees in the rotation direction of the cutter support 124, and the cutting edges of the three rotary blades 125 have the same rotation locus. Located on top. Further, the two fixed blades 126 are fixed to the cutter mill main body 121 at a position substantially symmetrical with the rotation locus of the cutting edge of the rotary blade 125 via a slight gap with respect to the rotation locus of the cutting edge of the three rotary blades 125. The inside of the cutter mill body 121 is bisected by the fixed blade 126, the cutter support member 124, and the rotary blade 125 to form a charging chamber 127 and a crushing chamber 128. The input port 123 of the lid 122 communicates with the input chamber 127. The clearance between the second fixed blade 126 and the rotary blade 125 can be freely adjusted so that the material to be crushed can be cut into a desired size or crushed in a broad sense. The clearance in this embodiment is 0.2 to 0.3 mm. The crushing chamber 128 is partitioned by the mesh screen 129 so as to surround the periphery of the rotation locus of the rotary blade 125 between the two fixed blades 126. In this embodiment, the screen 129 is formed of a mesh through which the crushed pieces 82 each having a size of about 10 mm can pass. A discharge port for discharging the crushed pieces 82 is provided at the lower end of the cutter mill main body 121 of the crushing chamber 128.
[0065]
In the above-described cutter mill 120, the crusher 110 and the crushed piece 81 having a size of about 15 × 15 mm formed by the crusher 110 and the cutter mill 120 in the above-described step 1 [crushing step] are input from the input port 123 of the lid 122, and the rotation not shown. When the cutter support 124 is rotated by the driving means, the crushed pieces 81 are indeterminate in shape and area through the screen 129 between the rotary blade 125 and the fixed blade 126 of the cutter support 124, but the total amount is about 10 × 10 mm. A crushed piece 82 of the following rectangular or irregular shape, one side of which is about 10 mm or less, is formed and discharged from the discharge port to the next step.
[0066]
The crushing means is not limited to the cutter mill described above, and may be, for example, the crusher.
[0067]
[Washing / Separation / Classification Step] The impact crushing force is applied to the crushed pieces 82 crushed by the crushing means in the above-mentioned [crushing step] and a centrifugal force is applied.
In the present embodiment, the case of treating the coarse crushed pieces 82 obtained through the [crushing step] will be described. Each of the coarse crushed pieces 82 is beaten by an impact grinding force, mainly an impact force, and a part of the adhesive is partially crushed. The adhesive is easily separated from the surface of the crushed pieces 82 by the centrifugal force acting on each of the crushed pieces 82 and the adhesive on the surface. That is, by applying an impact force to the crushed piece 82 and hitting it, the separation of the adhesive is promoted, and the impact force slightly suppresses the centrifugal action acting on the crushed piece 82. On the other hand, since the centrifugal force of the adhesive is hardly suppressed, the adhesive on the surface of the crushed piece 82 jumps out to the outer peripheral side faster than the crushed piece 82 itself, so that the adhesive can be easily separated from the crushed piece 82 and washed. In addition, the temperature of the adhesive on the surface increases due to frictional heat between the crushed pieces 82 due to the impact force, so that the adhesive is more easily separated. When an impact grinding force having both an impact force and a grinding force is applied to the crushed pieces 82, the crushed pieces 82 are beaten strongly, and the separation of the adhesive is promoted during the beating process, and The adhesive by the centrifugal action is separated from the surface of the crushed pieces 82. Each crushed piece 82 is processed at 1700 to 1900 rpm (preferably 1868 rpm) for about 60 seconds, and each crushed piece 82 becomes a small piece of about 6 to 7 mm on a side due to impact grinding force.
[0068]
The amount of one batch varies depending on the processing conditions such as the rotation speed, the presence or absence of air, and the temperature, but in this embodiment, the procedure is as follows. Processed at the production rate to obtain the collected coarse crushed pieces 82.
[0069]
The washing / separating / classifying means 130 shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 applies an impact grinding force to the coarsely crushed piece 82 of the glued wood, and a large piece of the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 and a smaller piece of the adhesive containing wood. This is a means for separating the material 88 (including the powder of the adhesive) and collecting the same, and in this embodiment, is referred to as an “adhesive separator 130” for convenience.
[0070]
In FIGS. 10 and 11, the adhesive separator 130 has a supply opening 132 for introducing each coarse crushed piece 82 communicating with the center of the fixed disk 131, and a fixed end plate 133 is attached to the fixed disk 131 so that the processing space 155 is removed. The outer peripheral edges of the fixed end plate 133 are fixed to the fixed disk 131 with the peripheral side plate 135. In the processing space 155, there is provided a movable disk 141 rotatably driven by a rotating horizontal shaft 142, and the rotating horizontal shaft 142 is pivotally supported by bearings 143, 143. The rotation horizontal shaft 142 is driven to rotate by rotation driving means 161 such as a motor.
[0071]
On the fixed disk 131, each fixed pin 134 is sequentially implanted on a plurality of concentric circles (relative to the movable disk 141) on rotation trajectories a1 to a6 (FIG. 11). On the other hand, on the movable disk 141, on the other hand, movable pins 144 that are alternately inserted on a plurality of rotation trajectories b1 to b6 different from the fixed pins 134 are sequentially implanted and fixed. Are located between the movable pins 134 and 144 so that they can be beaten or polished by an impact grinding force. Further, a screen 151 having a predetermined mesh formed by punching pores having a desired diameter is provided around the outer peripheral side of the movable disk 141 and the peripheral side plate 135 with a discharge space 156 therebetween. An outlet 152 is provided. In addition, a blower (not shown) is connected to the outlet 152. In this embodiment, the screen 151 is a mesh having a diameter of 0.6 to 1.2 mm, but is preferably a mesh having a diameter of 10 mm.
[0072]
An outlet 153 is provided below the screen 151 of the processing space 155, and a three-way solenoid valve 238 for opening and closing control is provided in the outlet 153. It should be noted that 42 m for sucking air in the adhesive separator 130 into the outlet 153. ³ / Min. May be provided so as to communicate with the supply inlet 132 through the blower.
[0073]
In fact, by increasing the clearance between the fixed and movable pins 134 and 144, the grinding force applied to the coarsely crushed piece 82 is reduced, and by reducing the clearance, the grinding force is increased. The clearance can be adjusted to reduce the grinding force on the crushed pieces 82 and add an impact force, which is adjusted according to the desired size of the diameter of the adhesive-removed wood piece 86.
[0074]
In the adhesive separator 130 described above, when the rotating horizontal shaft 142 is rotated by a rotation driving means (not shown) to rotate the movable disk 141 and supply each coarse crush piece 82 to the supply inlet 132, each coarse crush piece 82 In the central part of the processing space 155, between the fixed and movable pins 134 and 144, the beating or polishing action and the centrifugal action are received by the impact grinding force, and the impact grinding force is applied. Gradually approaching to the outer periphery while being beaten, polished and shaped. In this process, each of the crushed pieces 82 is beaten by the impact of the impact crushing force to promote separation of the adhesive-containing material 88 from the crushed pieces 82, and further, centrifugal force acts on each of the crushed pieces 82 and the adhesive on the surface thereof. Even so, the crushed piece 82 itself receives the impact crushing force between the fixed and movable pins 134 and 144, so that the speed at which the crushed piece 82 jumps out to the outer peripheral side can be suppressed, while the adhesive on the surface of the crushed piece 82 is coarse. It cannot be suppressed as much as the crushed pieces 82. Therefore, the adhesive jumps out to the outer peripheral side faster than the crushed pieces 82 due to the difference in the centrifugal force, so that the adhesive-containing material 88 is easily separated from the crushed pieces 82. By rotating the pins 134 and 144, the surface dirt is removed by friction and impact when the crushed pieces 82 enter the pins 134 and 144. In particular, when the adhesive strikes the pins 134 and 144, the adhesive is further crushed and easily becomes powder. The adhesive-containing material 88 in the form of powder or small pieces is sucked out of the screen mesh 151 by a blower. The adhesive-removed wood chips 86 remaining inside are collected to become wood flour material. Further, the frictional heat generated by the impact crushing force with each of the coarsely crushed pieces 82 increases the temperature of the adhesive on the surface of the roughly crushed pieces 82, and makes it easier to separate the adhesive from the surface of the roughly crushed pieces 82. The glued lumber is polished and shaped according to its own properties, and the adhesive-containing material 88 separated from the coarse crushed pieces 82 and a part of the finely crushed coarse pieces 82 are separated by movable pins 144. After passing through the screen 151 by the centrifugal action and being classified into the discharge space 156, 52 m from the discharge port 152 ³ / Min. Is sucked and discharged outside through the blower.
[0075]
On the other hand, the adhesive-removed wood piece 88 that does not pass through the screen 151 remains in the screen 151. However, with the three-way solenoid valve 238 opened, the outlet 153 and the supply inlet 132 are connected via a blower, so that the adhesive removing wood piece 88 taken out from the outlet 153 is connected to the supply inlet 132. After being refluxed, it is again beaten or polished by the impact milling force in the adhesive separator 130, and is again beaten or polished. The adhesive remaining on the surface of the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 is separated by centrifugal force to separate the screen 151. It passes through and is discharged to the outside through the discharge port 152 as described above.
The above-described adhesive-removed wood piece 86 is taken out from the outlet 153 as collected wood.
[0076]
Alternatively, or together with the blower, supply air that sends compressed air into the processing space 155 of the adhesive separator 130 and communicates through a hole formed in the fixed end plate 133 through a pipe. The adhesive-removed wood piece 88 having a size that cannot pass through the screen 151 may be returned to the inlet.
[0077]
Incidentally, the extracting means can automatically collect the toner into the collection tank 240. Hereinafter, the latter embodiment will be described. In FIG. 10, the adhesive separators 130 are provided at symmetrical positions so as to be rotated by a common rotary drive unit, and each of the adhesive separators 130 removes each of the crushed pieces 82 (or the crushed pieces 82) processed in the previous step. It is configured to supply to the supply inlet 132.
[0078]
The adhesive separator 130 communicates an outlet 153 of the recovered wood with the supply inlet 132 through a communication pipe 235, and communicates a pipe 236 from a compressed air supply source (not shown) with the outlet of the communication pipe 235. I do. A flow straightening plate is provided at a communication portion of the pipe 236 so that compressed air mainly flows to the supply inlet 132 side. Further, a branch pipe 237 that branches from the supply inlet 132 side of the communication pipe 235 and communicates with the recovery tank 240 is provided, and the branch point of the branch pipe 237 is appropriately switched at predetermined time intervals by, for example, a timer circuit. A three-way solenoid valve 238 is provided. On the other hand, a discharge port 152 of each adhesive separator 130 communicates with the collection tank 250 via a discharge pipe 239, and a blower in which the adhesive-containing material 88 that has passed through the screen 151 (FIG. 10) is provided in the discharge pipe 239. , And can be configured to be discharged to the collection tank 250.
[0079]
Starting the adhesive separator 130 by the rotation driving means, opening the downstream side of the communication pipe 235 with the three-way solenoid valve 238 and closing the branch pipe side, and supplying compressed air from the pipe 236 to the communication pipe 235. As a result, a circulating airflow of compressed air is generated from the communication pipe 235 to the supply inlet 132, the processing space 155, the outlet 153, and the communication pipe 235 again. When one crushed piece 82 of one batch is supplied to the supply inlet 132 through the supply pipes 231a and 231b, the adhesive-containing substance 88 processed in the adhesive separator 130 and separated from the surface of the crushed piece 82 causes the screen 151 to be removed. After that, the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 discharged into the collection tank 250 by the blower, while remaining in the screen 151 is sucked into the communication pipe 235 by the circulating airflow and fed again to the processing space 155 to be fed into the adhesive separator 130. Processed, this series of steps may be repeated multiple times as necessary until most of the adhesive content 88 in a batch is separated and removed. Next, after the above processing is completed, the downstream side of the communication pipe 235 is closed by a three-way solenoid valve 238 and the branch pipe side is opened, so that the adhesive-removed wood piece 88 remaining in the screen 151 is removed from the communication pipe 235. From the collecting tank 240 through a branch pipe 237.
[0080]
Instead of the three-way solenoid valve 238, a solenoid valve for opening and closing the branch pipe 237 and a solenoid valve for opening and closing the downstream side of the communication pipe 235 are provided, and these two solenoid valves are alternately opened and closed. Can also be provided.
[0081]
As an example, using an experimental device of one adhesive separator 130 having the above-described structure, 10 kg of each coarse crushed piece 82 of the glued wood is put into the adhesive separator 130, and the movable disk 141 is set to 25 Hz ( When rotated at a rotation speed of 1868 rpm), each coarse crushed piece 82 is collected as an adhesive-removed wood piece 86 crushed to a diameter of about 10 mm or less in a processing time of 60 seconds.
[0082]
Thereafter, the adhesive content 88 may be separated into adhesive powder and wood chips by a sieving machine. After separation, the adhesive granules generally have a diameter of 1 mm or less. Since wood chips pass through the screen, they are 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less.
[0083]
The impact crushing force is applied to the crushed pieces or the small pieces to be processed 82 to which the various adhesives and the like are attached. The bonded wood is separated into an adhesive portion and a wood portion by an impact grinding force, and the respective surfaces are polished by the impact grinding force. The adhesive part is more likely to be finer than the wood part (it is easier to shatter). Accordingly, the adhesive portion smaller than the diameter of the screen mesh and the wood chips separated from the wood portion by the impact attrition force pass through the screen and are discharged to the collection tank through the discharge pipe, and the adhesive-containing material 88 and It becomes. Next, most of the wood portion that is difficult to become fine due to the impact attrition force remains large and cannot pass through the screen mesh, and remains in the adhesive separator 130 as it is. Eventually, only the wood part from which the adhesive has been separated is recovered from the communication pipe via the branch pipe into the recovery tank to become the adhesive-removed wood piece 86.
Depending on the type of wood, it is necessary to slightly change the operating conditions, but it may be set to such a degree that the adhesive is suitably peeled off.
A method of manufacturing various products using the adhesive-removed wood chip 86 as a raw material will be described below. Since these various products have the adhesive removed, they do not remain in the recycled product, can prevent odor, and have an effect of cleaning the surface of the recycled product. Further, since the mixing ratio of the adhesive-removed wood chips 86 can be increased, there is an effect that effective utilization is promoted. Further, in addition to the adhesive, there is a coating on which a release agent or the like is applied, and in some cases, the release agent or the like can be removed together, so that the influence on the human body and the environment can be prevented.
In addition, the use as an underlay of a cowshed and a pighouse is also promising.
[0084]
A method of manufacturing a particle board using the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 obtained as described above as a raw material will be described with reference to FIG.
(1) The adhesive-removed wood piece 86 is dried to adjust the water content and classified.
(2) A mat having a multi-layer (for example, three-layer) structure is formed by spraying the surface layer, the core layer, and the surface layer in this order by a sprayer.
(3) The mat is pressed with a high-temperature, high-pressure press, and at the same time, the adhesive is cured and molded.
(4) Polish the thickness of the original plate to the target thickness.
(5) Cut the original plate to the product size.
Details are omitted according to the general technical level of those skilled in the art.
[0085]
A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a hollow wooden synthetic material using the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 obtained as described above as a raw material will be described.
In the present embodiment, as an example, a kneaded product obtained by heating and kneading a cellulosic crushed product and a thermoplastic resin is cooled, solidified, and pulverized to a predetermined particle size (“woody material”). The production of a hollow wooden synthetic material using synthetic particles as a raw material will be described.
(Wooden synthetic grains)
In the cellulosic crushed material used as the raw material of the woody synthetic particles used in the present embodiment, the adhesive-removed wood chip 86 is a raw material or a part of the raw material, and these are crushed by a crusher to improve the compatibility with the thermoplastic resin molding material. In order to improve the frictional resistance during molding extrusion and to prevent the abrasion and damage of the molding machine, the particle size should be 50 to 300 mesh, preferably 60 (below sieve) to 150 (above sieve) mesh. Fine powder. Before the drying of the wood flour, the moisture content of the wood powder is reduced to 15% by weight or less, preferably 11% by weight, with the intention of volatilizing the wood acid gas during molding, eliminating the risk of generation of water vapor or air bubbles, and preventing surface roughening. %, Ideally 0 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 0.3% by weight.
[0086]
In order to further improve the characteristics of the wood flour, it is possible to immerse or add a material such as a wood chip to a urea-based resin adhesive, to heat and harden the material, and then to crush and pulverize the material.
[0087]
In addition, as a thermoplastic resin molding material, discarded various resin molded products as they are or a resin molded product on which a surface resin coating film is formed is crushed into a plurality of small pieces, and a compression grinding action or the like is added thereto. A resin such as PVC, PET, or PP, which is made into a material by grinding and peeling a resin coating film, can be used.
[0088]
Depending on the purpose of use, a pigment can be added to color the product.
[0089]
Then, after drying the wood flour, the moisture content is 3% by weight or less, preferably 0.3% by weight or less, and 20 to 75% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight of a cellulosic crushed product having an average particle size of 20 meshes or less. 25 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 40% by weight of the thermoplastic resin molding material are mixed and gelled and kneaded together by a stirring impeller, and the gelled kneaded material is cooled and further sized to a particle size of 8 mm or less. By using the woody synthetic particles thus obtained, a dough in a good kneaded state capable of reducing the frictional resistance of the wood flour is formed.
[0090]
The woody synthetic grains used in the present embodiment are produced as follows as an example.
[0091]
(1) Drying process
This is a drying method in which water is beaten from wood flour by utilizing shear heat generated by the impact of rotation without using a heat source (boiler heat, electric heat, heater heat, etc.). The time required for water removal is about 15 minutes. As an example, using a mixer, wood flour, which is a cellulosic crushed product, is dried. The temperature inside the mixer rises due to the generation of shear heat by rotating the stirring impeller of the mixer, whereby the wood flour put into the mixer is dried. In the present embodiment, the wood flour is dried so that the water content of the wood flour becomes 0% by weight. Wood flour is preferably 50 to 250 μm. The moisture is preferably dried to 0 to 0.3% by weight. The method is to rotate the mixer to remove water.
[0092]
In the case where titanium oxide or the like is added as a pigment or the like, it is put into a mixer together with the wood powder in the drying step. The type of pigment may be inorganic or organic. The weight ratio of the pigment differs depending on the type of the pigment. For example, about 10% by weight of white titanium oxide is added to 100% by weight of wood flour. Since only the wood powder is colored and the thermoplastic resin is not colored, discoloration of the wood powder can be prevented. Wood powder can prevent ultraviolet rays and reduce deterioration.
[0093]
(2) Melting / kneading process
Wood powder and thermoplastic resin are mixed, melted and integrated. Wood powder and plastic are melted by the heat generated by the high-speed rotor, and integrated at the molecular level. The weight ratio is a mixture of pigment and wood flour of 40 to 60% by weight, and a non-colored thermoplastic resin molding material of 60 to 40% by weight (for example, PP). The thermoplastic resin is melt-mixed to form granular pellets. The rotation speed of the melter mixer is 850 to 900 rpm, and the temperature is 180 to 190 ° C. Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), vinyl chloride resin (PVC) and the like are preferred.
[0094]
For example, with respect to 55% by weight of the wood flour before drying, 45% by weight of a PP as a thermoplastic resin molding material is charged into the mixer, and further stirred and pressed. As the form of the thermoplastic resin molding material, in the present embodiment, pellets having a size of about 3 mm in diameter are used.
[0095]
The thermoplastic resin molding material uses, for example, 50% by weight of the recovered thermoplastic resin obtained from the waste material of the thermoplastic synthetic resin product, the virgin thermoplastic resin, or the virgin thermoplastic resin and the recovered thermoplastic resin, respectively. You can also.
[0096]
In this step, the PP does not become a large lump due to the wood powder in the raw material, and a "kneading material" gelled into a clay having a diameter of about 10 to 100 mm is formed.
[0097]
(3) Cooling / granulating (granulating) process
In the present step, as an example, a so-called cooling mixer that can simultaneously perform cooling and granulation of the kneading material is used. The kneaded material formed in the previous step is introduced into a cooling mixer, cooled on the inner peripheral wall surface of the mixer body cooled by cooling water, and a "granulated raw material" granulated to a diameter of about 25 mm or less is formed.
[0098]
The granulated raw material formed in the above step is further sized as necessary using a cutter mill to a particle size of 8 mm or less to obtain pellet-like “woody synthetic particles”. The sizing step is not always necessary, and may be omitted depending on the size of the granulated product obtained in the cooling / granulating step.
[0099]
Woody synthetic particles that maintain a constant mixing and dispersion state of wood powder and thermoplastic resin molding material and have good fluidity, combined with condensation and shrinkage by cooling, and do not rely on chemical reaction or adhesion. Is formed.
[0100]
(4) Molding process
Woody synthetic particles (granular pellets) are charged into the extrusion molding apparatus 301 shown in FIGS. 14 to 27, and the mixture of the wood powder at a high concentration is melted to a high viscosity state. , Extrude into a mold, and extrude the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 while compacting with high pressure. Due to its high viscosity, it is extruded with forward pressure applied. The higher the viscosity is, the faster the flow is, applying the principle of thixotropy. Details of the extrusion device 301 will be described later. A fluororesin sheet 350 'is provided in a mold, irregularities are formed on the surface of the fluororesin sheet 350', the fluororesin sheet 350 'is stuck in the mold, and high pressure is applied to the surface of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329. Then, the surface of the thermoplastic resin with irregularities (grooves) is formed to produce a hollow product. Thereby, an uneven portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface in the extrusion direction (longitudinal direction). This is an object of the santing as described later.
Further, the portion of the core body 340 is covered with a tubular fluororesin sheet 350 ′. This is to improve the moldability and to form the above-mentioned uneven portions 13 and 43. This is because the fluororesin sheet 350 ′ has a plain weave and has irregularities formed on the surface. That is, the surface of the core body 340 is made uneven.
A strip-shaped cloth or thread 351 'of aramid fiber is woven in a plain weave, and the woven base fabric is impregnated with a fluororesin dispersion, dried and fired to form a fluororesin layer 352'. Vertical stripes or uneven portions are formed in the extrusion direction. As a result, the resin foam does not shift laterally. It is difficult to shift a little in the vertical direction. Since the surface area is increased by the provision of the uneven portions, the adhesion is improved. Therefore, on the surface of the fluororesin layer 352 ′, the weave of the aramid fiber appears in a predetermined shape such as a lattice shape (see FIGS. 26A and 26B). The thickness of the fluororesin sheet 350 'is preferably from 0.16 to 0.50 mm, and the tensile strength is preferably from 38 to 130 kg / cm. Instead of the aramid fiber belt, a glass fiber belt may be used. As a result, asperities are formed on the surface of the fluororesin sheet 350 ', and as a result, asperities are continuously formed on the inner peripheral surface of the hollow woody synthetic material 329 in the extrusion direction (longitudinal direction), and the inner peripheral surface is packed or Adhesion with the foamed resin (preferably a urethane resin) to be filled is enhanced, and a deviation from the foamed resin can be eliminated. The greater the thickness of the sheet, the greater the irregularities.
Note that if both ends of the hollow portion are closed, the displacement may stop. However, there are cases where both ends are closed and not used (such as when both ends are exposed). For example, when using this in a mold or the like, the meaning of inserting a urethane resin foam inside means that when a hollow wooden synthetic material is used for a concrete form, concrete flows into the hollow part and the weight becomes heavy. It was difficult to construct and work. If the urethane resin foam is filled in advance in the hollow portion, concrete does not flow into the hollow portion, and the construction is lightweight and easy. Even if the urethane resin foam is filled, it is meaningless if the urethane resin foam is displaced and removed. Sometimes used as a floating island for water purification. In such a case, if the urethane resin foam comes off from inside, there is a possibility that the urethane resin foam sinks. By forming the irregularities, it is possible to meet a demand for a tight fit.
[0101]
Here, as for the thickness and width of the unevenness, the width of each concave and each convex is preferably 2 mm or less, particularly 1 mm or less, and the depth is 1 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.2 mm or less. For example, there is an example in which the width is 1 mm and the depth is 0.2 mm. It is preferable that the depth is smaller than the width.
In addition, a tensile strength of 129 kg / cm (vertical) and 117 kg / cm (horizontal) can be given. Glass fiber must have some thickness. Since the purpose is to provide unevenness, the thickness of the Teflon (registered trademark) sheet is more important as an element of the unevenness than the tensile strength. The thickness is preferably 0.2 or more, and particularly preferably 0.29 mm or more. It is preferable that the bumps be felt by touching with hands.
[0102]
FIG. 27 shows the hollow wood composite material 329 thus manufactured. An example of the dimensions is 902 mm in width × 37 mm in thickness. The length is arbitrary. A rectangular outer shell 329a, a plurality of (here, 14) hollow sections 329b formed in the inner region of the outer shell 329a and extending in the extrusion direction, and a plurality of predetermined numbers connected to the outer shell 329a while partitioning the hollow sections 329b (Here, thirteen) ribs 329c are formed. The thickness allowance in the vertical direction is 5 mm, and the thickness allowance in the horizontal direction is 4 mm (only both ends are thicker).
[0103]
(5) Sanding process
Since the skin layer provided with the grooves of the non-colored thermoplastic resin of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 formed as described above is formed, the skin layer is polished and removed with sanding paper (frequency: 40 to 180). . In FIG. 27, the dashed line is the shaving allowance (0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm in the figure). It is preferable that the skin layer is entirely cut down to the groove. Since the skin layer of the hollow woody synthetic material 329 is provided with irregularities, sanding of the surface is facilitated. By removing the skin layer of the uncolored thermoplastic resin, the color can be given to the surface, and a unique woody feeling and natural feeling can be given. Since the surface of the wood flour is colored, discoloration of the wood flour can be prevented.
[0104]
The polishing of the skin layer of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 is intended to polish a dense portion of the resin material. In a resin molded plate mixed with wood powder, the resin oozes out on the surface of the molded product, and a dense portion of the resin material is created on this surface. Since the dense portion of such a resin material is not colored, sanding of this surface portion has a meaning in creating a unique color tone.
[0105]
(Extruder)
As shown in FIGS. 14 to 27, the extrusion molding device 301 for molding the woody synthetic grains into the hollow woody synthetic material 329 forms the extruder 370 and the extruded dough 379 discharged by the extruder 370 into a predetermined shape. And a forming die 310. The forming die 310 is connected to an extruder 370 via a connecting means 330 including a flange 317 and an extrusion die 319.
[0106]
(1) Extruder
In FIG. 14, reference numeral 370 denotes an extruder constituting the above-mentioned extrusion molding apparatus 301. In general, the extruder 370 is a screw type and includes a single-screw extruder and a multi-screw extruder. Some extruders have a modified form or a combination thereof. In the present invention, any extruder is used. Can be.
[0107]
A screw 371 is a single-shaft type in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, and is driven by a motor (not shown) via a gear reducer 372 and rotates in a barrel 374. The synthetic wood particles input from the hopper 373 are extruded forward while being kneaded by the rotation of the screw 371.
[0108]
A band heater 375 is provided on the outer surface of the barrel 374, and the wood heater is heated in the barrel 374 by the band heater 375, and is gradually melted and kneaded while being conveyed forward along the groove of the screw 371.
[0109]
(2) Connecting means
The woody synthetic particles melted and kneaded by the extruder 370 are extruded as extruded dough 379 to the forming die 310 via a connecting means including a flange 317 and an extrusion die 319.
[0110]
14 and 15, an extrusion die 319 is connected to the tip of the barrel 374. In the present embodiment, the extrusion die 319 has a circular shape with a diameter of 65 mm on the rear end face of the outlet side of the barrel 374. An inflow port 313 and an injection port 315 having a substantially oval shape with a width of 65 mm and a height of 25 mm are provided at the tip end surface on the forming die side, and inside the extrusion die 319, gradually from the inflow port 313 toward the injection port 315. A communication hole that is deformed in cross section to a small diameter is formed. However, the extrusion die 319 can be formed in various sizes according to the size of the extruder 370.
[0111]
A flange 317 is attached to the tip of the extrusion die 319. As shown in FIG. 16, the flange 317 has an inflow port 316 having the same shape as the injection port 315 of the extrusion die 319, and a rectangular injection port 318 having a width of 150.0 mm and a height of 37.6 mm. Inside, there is formed a communication hole 317a whose cross section is gradually deformed into a large diameter from the inflow port 316 to the injection port 318. 317b is a through hole and 317c is a through hole.
[0112]
A heater (not shown) as a heating means may be attached to the flange 317 or the peripheral wall of the extrusion die 319. The extruded dough 379 extruded from the extruder 370 by the heater is also kept warm while passing through the communication hole from the extruding die 319 and the flange 317, so that the extruded dough 379 flowing from the extruding die 319 into the forming die 310 is formed. The fluid state becomes good.
[0113]
Moreover, unlike the general die, the extrusion die 319 has a large injection port 315, so that a large amount of molten raw material (in the present embodiment, synthetic wood particles) can be discharged, and consolidation is promoted. Since it is formed in a shape that can be used, die clogging which occurs in a normal extrusion die does not occur.
[0114]
(3) Forming die
14 and 15, reference numeral 310 denotes a forming die into which the extruded fabric 379 extruded from the extruder 370 via the connecting means is introduced. A plate 311 shown in FIG. 18 is fixed to the upper and lower inner surfaces of the forming die 310 shown in FIG. 17, and this plate 311 constitutes an inner wall of the forming die 310, and a core body 340 is accommodated therein. The molding die 310 includes a molding chamber 322 including a melting unit 321a for heating the extruded dough 379 and a slow cooling unit 321b for gradually cooling the extruded dough 379 extruded from the melting unit 321a. A core body 340 to be formed is provided. The forming die 310 has, for example, a rectangular cross section with a width of 1080 mm and a height of 241.6 mm, and the distance from the inlet to the outlet of the forming chamber 322 is 1000 mm.
[0115]
In the present embodiment, the molten portion 321a gradually spreads from the entrance having the same shape as the injection port 318 of the flange 317, and the extruded dough 379 does not stay inside the forming die 310, and smoothly moves in the lateral direction. It is formed so that it can spread. An annealing section 321b having the same cross-sectional shape as the inlet of the melting section 321a is formed, and the forming chamber 322 is formed to have a constant cross-sectional shape in the extrusion direction.
[0116]
As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the molding chamber 322 is formed in a sandwich structure by interposing a pair of metal spacers 324 having two upper and lower metal plates each provided with a cooling means and disposed on both side edges therebetween. It constitutes the interior. The molding chamber 322 has a rectangular cross section. Adjustment is made so that the desired thickness of the formed plate can be obtained by replacing the spacer 324. As shown in FIG. 19, the pair of spacers 324 are arranged on both sides of the core body 340 in plan view. The base of the spacer 324 protrudes so as to reduce the area of the inlet-side gap. The detailed structure of the spacer 324 is shown in FIG. The spacer 324 has a plate-like shape, has an inner surface 324a curved in a plan view, and the base end surface 324b is orthogonal to the end surface 324c to form a substantially triangular protruding portion 324d. 324e is a mounting hole.
[0117]
In FIG. 15, reference numeral 314 denotes a heater which is composed of a heating means such as an electric heater, and which is inserted at equal intervals above and below the melting portion 321a in order to heat and maintain the extruded dough 379 and maintain the fluidity of the extruded dough 379. is set up.
[0118]
As shown in FIG. 15, reference numeral 325 denotes a cooling pipe, which is an example of a cooling means for cooling the slow cooling portion 321 b of the molding chamber 322. The extruded dough 379 is cooled from outside. The cooling pipes are inserted at equal intervals into the cooling section 321b, which occupies about one half toward the forming die outlet, and are installed at equal intervals. It should be noted that the cooling pipes 325 can be provided so as to be gradually narrowed or the cooling pipes 325 can be provided on the outer wall of the forming die 310. However, it is only necessary to cool the extruded material 379 in the forming chamber 322. However, the present invention is not limited to this structure.
[0119]
A heat insulating plate 326 having a plurality of mounting holes 326a shown in FIG. 21 and a reinforcing plate 327 having a plurality of mounting holes 327a shown in FIG. 22 are formed. The heat insulating plate 326 is provided to prevent heat loss. The reinforcing plate 327 is preferably provided in the upper and lower regions of the annealing part 321a. The reinforcing plate 327 is provided in order to prevent deformation or breakage of the forming die 310 due to the pressure of the extruded cloth 379 applied inside. The heat insulating plate 326 is preferably interposed between the reinforcing plate 327 and the forming die 310. The thickness of the reinforcing plate 327 is preferably larger than the thickness of the heat insulating plate 326. The size of the heat insulating plate 326 is 1080 mm wide × 20 mm high × 615 mm long. The size of the reinforcing plate 327 is 1080 mm wide × 61.2 mm high × 615 mm long. The height of the forming die 310 plus the heat insulating plate 326 and the reinforcing plate 327 is 404 mm.
Although not shown, a thermocouple is provided through the heat insulating plate 326 and the reinforcing plate 327 so that the temperature of the heater 314 can be measured.
[0120]
The core body 340 shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 19, and FIG. 23 has a cross-sectional shape substantially similar to the cross-sectional shape of each hollow portion formed in the hollow woody synthetic material 329. It is composed of a plurality of rod-shaped members 348a to 348n that project substantially parallel to the extrusion direction of the extruded material 379 toward the forming die exit side. The base 344 (see FIGS. 15 and 19) is for fixing the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n. The base 344 has the shape and structure of a guide block, and is provided with at least two vertically projecting protrusions (for example, a columnar shape) at intervals on the plate material, the plate material is pointed in the extrusion direction, and the rear end is rounded. ing.
[0121]
In the present embodiment, the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n are configured as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 23A, the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n have a maximum length at the center portion (in the figure, 755 mm (between the rod-shaped members 348a and 348n)). It is shorter and is arranged in an arc shape on the entrance side of the forming die 310. This is to alleviate the frictional resistance generated between the extruded material 379 and the extruded material 379 that has entered the forming die 310, and to facilitate the extruded material 379 to spread smoothly to the end.
[0122]
Each of the rod members 348a to 348n protrudes from the melting portion 321a in parallel with the extrusion direction of the extruded dough 379 and extends to at least the slow cooling portion 321b. They are arranged at equal intervals in parallel so that a gap 346 (4.1 mm in FIG. 23) having a predetermined gap width is formed between the rod-shaped members.
[0123]
Further, in the present embodiment, the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n are formed such that the inlet side of the forming die 310, that is, both corners at the upstream end in the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379 are rounded in a plane, and As shown in FIG. 15, it is formed into a rounded shape as a whole which swells in a semicircular shape in a longitudinal section, and is formed so as to reduce frictional resistance generated between the material and the extruded material 379.
[0124]
The number of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n can be appropriately set in accordance with the number of hollow portions formed in the hollow woody synthetic material 329, and the cross-sectional shape varies depending on the shape of the hollow portion formed in the hollow woody synthetic material 329. Can be adopted.
[0125]
Since the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n are formed independently of each other, the core body 340 hinders the introduction of the extruded dough 379 upstream of the gap 346 formed between the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n. There is nothing, and the extruded dough 379 can flow smoothly into the gap 346. Therefore, it is possible to increase the density of the extruded material 379 in the gap 346, effectively prevent the ribs 430 from being not formed due to the shortage of the extruded material 379 (see FIG. 24), and increase the molding speed. Even in this case, a high quality hollow wood composite can be formed.
[0126]
Each of the rod members 348a to 348n is formed integrally with the base 344 on the entrance side of the molding die 310. In the present embodiment, the base 344 has two protrusions as shown in FIG. 15, and the two protrusions are respectively combined with the recesses provided on the inner wall surface of the forming die 310. As a result, as shown in FIG. 19, the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n formed integrally with the base 344 are fixed to the upper and lower inner walls of the melting portion 321a of the molding die 310 while maintaining the members in a parallel state. .
[0127]
As in the case of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n, the base 344 has rounded corners at the upstream end in the extrusion direction of the extruded dough 379 and narrows the width toward the downstream end in the extrusion direction. It is formed in a streamlined manner, and is configured so that the extruded dough 379 flowing through the melting portion 321a flows without resistance.
[0128]
The rod-shaped members 348a to 348n have a tapered shape in which the rectangular cross section is slightly narrowed from the melting portion 321a of the forming die 310 toward the forming die exit side. The synthetic material 329 is configured to be easily extruded.
[0129]
On the upper inner wall surface of the forming die 310 to which the base 344 is fixed, a cooling medium (not shown) for supplying a cooling medium such as liquid such as water and oil, air, and other gas through the wall surface of the forming die 310. The cooling medium introduction path 341 penetrates the wall surface and the base 344 of the forming die 310, and the respective rod-shaped members 348a to 348a of the core body 340 in the fusion part 321a are formed. 348n, and communicates with a cooling medium flow path 342 described later formed in each of the bar-shaped members 348a to 348n in the slow cooling section 321b.
[0130]
The cooling medium introduction passage 341 formed in each of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n is surrounded by a heat insulating material 343, and prevents the cooling medium passing through the introduction passage 341 from cooling the extruded dough in this portion. At the same time, the temperature of the cooling medium is maintained to improve the cooling effect when the cooling medium is introduced into the cooling medium flow path 342 described later.
[0131]
In the present embodiment, the wall of the forming die 310, the base 344, and the core body 340 are penetrated by a metal pipe having a diameter of 4 mm in which Myorex PMX-575 (Ryoden Kasei) is disposed as a heat insulating material on the outer periphery. This is used as a cooling medium introduction path 341.
[0132]
In the present embodiment, the flow path 342 communicates with the cooling medium introduction path 341 at one end as described above, and opens at the other end at the end of the core body 340 (the exit direction of the molding die 310). Shall be. The cooling medium introduced into the flow path 342 passes through the flow path 342 formed in each of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n and the hollow portion formed in the hollow woody synthetic material 329 to extrude the dough 379 and the hollow woody material. The synthetic material 329 is gradually cooled from the inside.
[0133]
In addition, instead of the above-described configuration, the flow path 342 has, for example, a double pipe structure that communicates with the end on the exit side of the forming die 310 in each of the bar-shaped members 348a to 348n of the annealing unit 321b. The cooling medium, for example, cooling water or cooling oil may be configured to circulate through the core body 340 while communicating with the cooling medium introduction source and the other with the cooling medium outlet. As long as the fabric 379 can be gradually cooled from the inside, various design changes can be made in accordance with the type of the cooling medium to be introduced and other various conditions.
[0134]
It is preferable that the inner wall surface of the molding die 310 is covered with a fluororesin. The method of coating the fluororesin may be performed by directly coating the surface with the fluororesin. However, since the fluororesin is easily exchangeable and durable, the base material sheet is coated with the fluororesin. It is preferable to perform this by attaching a fluororesin sheet 350 '.
[0135]
The fluororesin sheet 350 ′ can be applied only to the upper and lower inner wall surfaces of the molding chamber 322, that is, the inner wall surfaces corresponding to the surfaces forming the front and back surfaces of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329. It is preferable to stick the entire wall surface in series.
[0136]
As the fluororesin sheet 350 ′ to be attached to the inner wall surface of the forming die 310, a glass fiber fabric is used as a base material and this is coated with a fluororesin (hereinafter, referred to as “glass fiber fluororesin sheet” in the present specification). ) Can be used, but a woven fabric of aramid fibers (hereinafter referred to as “aramid fiber fluororesin sheet” in the present specification) obtained by impregnating a fluororesin dispersion described below, drying and firing. Is preferred. The fluororesin sheet 350 ′ forming the container 350 may be any as long as it can be formed as the container 350.
[0137]
Similarly to the inner wall surface of the forming die 310, the rod members 348a to 348n of the core body 340 are individually coated with the container 350 of the fluororesin sheet 350 'or in order to reduce the friction with the extruded cloth 379. It is preferable to cover all or a part (preferably a base end) of the child body 340. The container 350 is easy to attach and detach and replace, and is suitable for use with a three-dimensional core body 340.
[0138]
Aramid (a wholly aromatic polyamide) constituting the base material of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 'has excellent heat resistance, high strength and high Young's modulus, and is therefore used as a reinforcing material. The fluororesin sheet 350 'made of cloth as a base material has flexibility and bending resistance suitable for use by being attached to a three-dimensional core body 340, and has a high tensile strength. It can withstand use.
[0139]
Examples of the fluororesin used for the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ include polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon (registered trademark) TFE; Dupont), fluoroethylene-propylene copolymer (Teflon (registered trademark) FEP), and polytetrafluoroethylene. Examples include fluorinated ethylene chloride (Teflon (registered trademark) CTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (Teflon (registered trademark) VdF), and the like.
[0140]
In this embodiment, a fluorine resin coated sheet for liner belt “MAX LINER BELT” (HAS-P506) manufactured by Honda Sangyo Co., Ltd. is used as the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′.
[0141]
The coating of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ with the container 350 is performed at least at the end of the rod-shaped members 348 a to 348 n on the upstream side in the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379 in order to reduce friction with the extruded fabric 379. However, the process may be performed on the entire rod members 348a to 348n, and in the present embodiment, the entire rod members 348a to 348n in the fusion zone 321a are covered.
[0142]
Since the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 'has flexibility and bending resistance, it is sewn, glued, or the like and joined to form a container 350 of a bag-like body 353 as shown in FIG. Can be formed.
[0143]
The bag-shaped body 353 of the aramid fiber fluorinated resin sheet 350 ′ is, for example, as shown in FIG. 25A to FIG. , D are folded back at the central XX line so that the facing short sides a, c overlap, and the sides b and d formed by dividing the side b and the side d into two around the XX line by this return The side b ″, the side d ′ and the side d ″ can be formed by sewing each along a sewing line indicated by a broken line in FIG. 25B, and then turning over such that the seam is on the inside. it can.
[0144]
The bag-shaped body 353 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ has a long side b of one substantially rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′, for example, as shown in FIGS. , D are folded back at the center xx line so that the short sides a and c facing each other overlap, and the sides b and d are formed by bisecting the sides b and d around the xx coin by this folding. And the side d ″ and the side d ′ are formed by sewing along the sewing line indicated by the broken line in FIG. 25B, and then folding back so that the seam is on the inside. be able to. That is, the three sides excluding the side a and the side c are sewn in the same manner using two substantially rectangular sheets divided along the line XX in FIG.
[0145]
An accommodating body 350 of a bag-shaped body 353 having an open side is formed corresponding to the shape of each of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n, and the bag-shaped body 353 is directed from the entrance side of the forming die 310 to the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379. By covering the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n of the core body 340, the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n can be covered with the container 350 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 '.
[0146]
The core body 340 of this embodiment has the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n formed independently of each other. Therefore, as compared with the core body 340 having the conventional coupling portion 345, the container of the fluororesin sheet 350 'is The coating with 350 can be performed individually, and the attachment and detachment can be easily performed.
[0147]
Further, by changing the length of the bag-shaped body 353 of the fluororesin sheet 350 ', the length covering each of the rod-shaped members 348a to 348n can be easily adjusted.
[0148]
In the present embodiment, the container 350 of the bag-shaped body 353 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ covers the rod-shaped members 348 a to 348 n in the melting portion 321 a, and the extruded cloth 379 is Since the portion 321a is not cooled and is maintained in a molten state, even if the surface of the bag-shaped body 353 that comes into contact with the extruded fabric 379 has some irregularities due to the stitches, the irregularities are not obtained in the finally obtained hollow. It does not affect the shape of the wooden synthetic material 329.
[0149]
Note that the side surface of the base 344 formed integrally with the rod members 348a to 348n may also cover the container 350 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 '. This allows the extruded fabric 379 to flow without resistance in conformity with the substantially streamline shape of the base 344 plane.
[0150]
Next, a modified core body 440 and an aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 'will be described with reference to FIGS. Corresponding components are in the 400s, and descriptions of common configurations are cited.
[0151]
When a connecting portion 445 that connects the rod members 448a to 448n in the melting portion 421a of the forming die 410 is provided as in the core body 440, a gap 446 formed between the rod members 448a to 448n. Is closed at the connecting portion 445, the presence of the connecting portion 445 prevents the extruded fabric 379 from being introduced into the gap 446 forming the rib 329c of the hollow wood composite material 329, and The area of the flow path of the extruded dough 379 is reduced, and resistance to the flow of the extruded dough 379 is provided.
[0152]
In this modified embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n are connected by a connecting portion 445 formed integrally with the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n in the melting portion 421a of the forming die 410. The core body 440 is formed in a substantially comb-like shape as a whole by the connecting portion 445 and the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n.
[0153]
In this modification, the connecting portion 445 of the core body 440 formed by connecting the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n has a block shape, and the end of the connecting portion 445 on the upstream side in the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379 is a flat surface. Are rounded at both corners, and are formed into a rounded shape as a whole that bulges in a semicircular shape in a vertical cross section, and is formed so as to reduce frictional resistance generated between the material and the extruded fabric 379. .
[0154]
Further, the connecting portion 445 has an inclined portion 445a reaching a gap 446 formed between the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n on the downstream side in the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379. The inclined portion 445a is, as shown in FIG. Further, the extruded fabric 379 has a tapered shape whose width is gradually narrowed in the longitudinal section, and is formed so that the extruded fabric 379 easily flows into the gap 446 formed between the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n.
[0155]
Also, as shown in FIG. 29, the core body 440 is formed integrally with the base 444 fixed to the upper and lower inner walls of the melting portion 421a of the molding die 410 at the joint 445 on the entrance side of the molding die 410, The base 444 is formed to be streamlined in a plane so that the extruded dough 379 flowing through the melting portion 421a flows without resistance.
[0156]
Although the entire core body 440 may be covered by the container 450 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′, at least a part of the core body 440 located in the fusion part 421 a is covered, and Coated.
[0157]
The aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ is sewn or bonded by an adhesive or the like as shown in FIG. Can be formed, and a bag-like body 453 having one side open corresponding to the shape of the coupling portion 445 is formed, and this bag-like body 453 is extruded from the entrance side of the forming die 410 to extrude the cloth 379. The core body 440 can be covered with the accommodating body 450 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ by covering the core body 440 in the direction toward the end portion or the joint 445.
[0158]
The bag-shaped body 453 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ has a long side b of one substantially rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′, for example, as shown in FIGS. , D are folded back at the center xx line so that the short sides a and c facing each other overlap, and the sides b and d are formed by bisecting the sides b and d around the xx coin by this folding. And side d ″ and side d ″ are formed by sewing along the sewn line indicated by the broken line in FIG. 30B, and then folded back so that the seam is on the inside. be able to.
[0159]
As shown in FIG. 30, when the bag-like body 453 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ is formed in a size that can cover the formation position of the inclined part 445a formed in the joint part 445 in FIG. Of these, the portion corresponding to the inclined portion 445a is cut out to expose the inclined portion 445a from the bag-like body 453, or to make a cut so as to conform to the shape of the inclined portion 445a. The inclined shape of the portion 445a can be maintained.
[0160]
As shown in FIG. 31, the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 'is sewn or bonded by bonding with an adhesive or the like, so that one end opening has a plurality of crotches (corresponding to the number of rod-shaped members 448a to 448n formed). In the illustrated example, a housing 450 of a tubular body 454 branched into 14 branches 454a to 454n) is formed, and the tubular body 454 is extruded from the tips of the rod members 448a to 448n on the exit side of the forming die, and the extrusion direction of the dough 379 is extruded. Of the core body 440, at least the ends of the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n near the ends are placed in the housing 450 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 '. It can also be coated.
[0161]
The cylindrical body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 'bisects the width of the gap 446 formed between the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n, for example, as shown in FIGS. 31 (A) to 31 (C). Two rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheets 450 ′, 450 ′ provided with cuts 452 in the direction perpendicular to one side a corresponding to the line a are superimposed, and are formed in a direction parallel to the cuts 452. After the two aramid fiber fluororesin sheets 450 ′ and 450 ′ are sewn along sides b and d and both sides of the cut 452 along a sewing line indicated by a broken line in FIG. It can be formed by turning the seam inside out.
[0162]
Note that, instead of the above-described forming method, two substantially rectangular sheets divided along the line xx in FIG. 30A may be used. The other three sides are sewn in the same manner.
[0163]
By using the container 450 of the tubular body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ', not only the end of the core body 440 but also each of the rod members 448a to 448n can be effectively covered, By changing the length of the cut 452 formed in the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 'to be the cylindrical body 454, the length covering each of the rod members 448a to 448n can be easily adjusted.
[0164]
When the core body 440 is covered with the accommodating body 450 of the tubular body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′, the tubular body 454 is formed of the two aramid fiber fluororesin sheets 450 ′ and 450 ′. Since an opening is formed between the sides a and a, and the opening is opened toward the upstream in the extrusion direction of the extruded fabric 379, after the core body 440 is covered, the sides a and a forming the opening are both joined. The extruded fabric 379 is prevented from entering the container 450 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ by folding back to the downstream side and fastening to the upper or lower surface of the end.
[0165]
In addition, the bag-shaped body 453 and the cylindrical body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ may be sewn together to form the both as an integrated housing 450.
[0166]
【Example】
As shown in Table 1, an aramid fiber fluororesin sheet was attached to the inner wall surface of the forming die 310 using the extrusion molding apparatus 301 described above, and the core body 440 was attached to the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ as shown in Table 1. (See FIG. 30 (C)) when the container 450 is covered with the container 450 (see FIG. 30 (C)), and instead of the container 450 of the bag 453 covered with the core 440 in the first embodiment. In the case where the core body 440 is covered with the container 450 of the cylindrical body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ (see FIG. 31C) (Example 2), An aramid fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck on the wall surface, and the core body 340 is directly coated with the fluororesin (Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 3). Fiber fluorine Instead of fat sheet, when affixed to the glass fiber fluororesin sheet on the wall in the forming die 310 (Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 4) were compared for molding a result of.
[0167]
[Table 2]

* Aramid fiber fluororesin sheet: HAS, glass fiber fluororesin sheet: HGS
[0168]
The molding result of the above embodiment is as follows.
Screw rotation speed is 50r. p. m. In this case, the molding speed is 4.92 M / H, the discharge amount is 81.0 Kg / H, and the dough pressure is 4.0 Mpa.
When the screw rotation speed is 40 r. p. m. In this case, the molding speed is 4.02 M / H, the discharge amount is 60.3 Kg / H, and the dough pressure is 3.0 Mpa.
[0169]
When comparing the case where the core body 440 is directly coated with the fluororesin (Comparative Example 1) and the case where the core body 440 is covered with the container 450 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ (Examples 1 and 2), There is not much difference, and a noticeable difference in the appearance of the plate portion of the hollow wood synthetic material 329 formed in contact with the inner wall of the forming die 310 on which the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck is also seen. Did not.
[0170]
However, regarding the rib 430 portion of the hollow woody synthetic material 329, the difference in appearance was remarkable, and in the case of Comparative Example 1, the surface of the rib 430 was not sufficiently flat, and it was confirmed that molding defects such as dents occurred. (See FIG. 24). Also, Comparative Example 1 shows the highest numerical value of the “dough pressure” obtained by measuring the pressure of the extruded dough 379 extruded from the extruder 370 into the forming die 310.
[0171]
For this reason, in Comparative Example 1 in which the core body 440 is directly coated with the fluororesin, the extruded fabric 379 has a high pressure on the inlet side of the forming die 310, despite the high pressure. It can be seen that the pressure is not high enough at the molding site to sufficiently introduce the extruded fabric 379 into the gap 346 formed between the rod-shaped members 448a to 448n of the core body 440. Such a phenomenon is because the frictional resistance generated between the extruded material 379 and the core body 440 is still large, and the extruded material 379 near the entrance of the forming die 310 functions as a plug, so to speak, the extruder It is considered that the discharge pressure from 370 cannot efficiently increase the material pressure in the molding die 310.
[0172]
On the other hand, in Examples 1 and 2 in which the core body 440 was covered with the container 450 of the fluororesin sheet 450 ′, the molding failure as in Comparative Example 1 could not be confirmed, and the rib 329 c A hollow woody synthetic material 329 showing a beautiful appearance in the part was obtained. From this, it is considered that in Example 1 and Example 2, the frictional resistance between the extruded material 379 and the core body 440 was sufficiently reduced as compared with Comparative Example 1.
[0173]
From the above, it was confirmed that it is possible to obtain a preferable molding result when the core body 440 is coated with the container 450 of the fluororesin sheet 450 ′ than when directly coated with the fluororesin.
[0174]
In addition, a comparison is made between the case where the container 450 of the fluororesin sheet 450 ′ covering the core body 440 is the bag-shaped body 453 (Example 1) and the case where the container 450 is the cylindrical body 454 (Example 2). Example 2 has a lower dough pressure than Example 1, and it can be seen that the pressure applied on the inlet side of the forming die 310 is efficiently transmitted to the inside of the forming die 310. This is because the cylindrical body 454 of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ used in Example 2 is not only connected to the coupling portion 445 of the core body 440 but also to the upstream end of the rod members 448 a to 448 n. Since the sheet 450 ′ is formed in a shape that can be covered by the container 450, the friction between the core body 440 and the extruded cloth 379 can be further reduced as compared with that of the first embodiment, and the extruded cloth can be reduced. It is considered that the flow of 379 becomes smoother. As described above, in the second embodiment, since the pressure applied on the inlet side of the forming die 310 can be transmitted to the forming portion of the forming die 310 more efficiently, the rotation speed of the screw 371 is the same. Even when the molding speed (take-off speed) is increased as compared with the first embodiment, the lowering of the fabric pressure in the molding die 310 can be maintained, and the hollow wood composite material 329 can be manufactured more efficiently. Become.
[0175]
When the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck on the inner wall surface of the forming die 310 (Comparative Examples 1 and 3) and when the glass fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck (Comparative Examples 2 and 4), the molding speed is increased. , No remarkable difference was observed between the two at the same screw rotation speed (Comparative Example 1: 2, Comparative Example 3: 4), and both had a screw rotation speed of 40 (rpm) (Comparative Example). It can be seen that the discharge amount and the molding speed increase with the increase from 3, Comparative Example 4) to 50 (rpm) (Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2).
[0176]
However, regarding the appearance of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329, in Comparative Example 4, molding defects such as distortion may occur in the plate portion of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329, and the screw rotation speed was set to 50 (rpm). In Example 2, this phenomenon became more remarkable than in Comparative Example 4 as the discharge amount and the molding speed increased. Therefore, when the glass fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck on the inner wall surface of the forming die 310, the quality of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 is deteriorated when the screw rotation speed exceeds 40 (rpm), and the screw rotation speed is reduced. It can be said that the higher the number, the greater the degree of deterioration.
[0177]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 having a beautiful appearance with respect to the plate portion of the hollow wooden synthetic material 329 could be formed. From this, when the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet is stuck on the inner wall surface of the molding die 310, even if the screw rotation speed exceeds 40 (rpm) or 50 (rpm), the above-described molding failure does not occur. This does not occur, and it can be said that the quality of the hollow wood composite material 329 does not deteriorate.
[0178]
From the above, from the viewpoint of forming the plate portion of the hollow woody synthetic material 329, it is preferable to stick the fluororesin sheet to the inner wall surface of the forming die 310. It was confirmed that it is more preferable to use the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 'as compared with the glass fiber fluororesin sheet in that the molding speed can be improved without causing deterioration in quality such as defects. .
[0179]
In all of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the core body 440 was directly coated with the fluororesin, molding defects of the rib portion 430 (see FIG. 24) of the hollow woody synthetic material 329 were observed in all cases. From this, in order to improve the molding speed and to produce a hollow woody synthetic material in which molding defects do not occur in both the plate portion and the rib portion, the core body 440 needs to accommodate the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′. It was confirmed that the experimental devices of Examples 1 and 2 in which the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ was attached to the inner wall of the forming die 310 while being covered with the body 450 were most suitable.
[0180]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications and the like can be added without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Etc. are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[0181]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the adhesive-containing material and the adhesive-removed wood piece are separated from the bonded wood as a processing object by applying an impact milling force, and the material is shaped into a predetermined diameter range and the material is removed. It can be reused efficiently as converted wood. Furthermore, it is considered that it is particularly difficult to separate the bonded wood from the bonded wood by applying an impact grinding force to the bonded wood and applying a centrifugal force, mainly by a synergistic effect of the impact grinding force and the centrifugal force of the impact grinding power. The adhesive containing material can be easily separated and removed, and it can be efficiently shaped as a wood material formed into a predetermined diameter range and reused.
[0182]
Since wood flour, which is a raw material of the woody synthetic material, can be produced from glued wood at a very low price, recycling due to increased demand for glued wood can be promoted. It can also solve environmental problems.
Since the surface of the adhesive-removed wood piece, which is the raw material of the particle board, is smooth, the adhesive easily adheres to the adhesive-removed wood piece, and the quality of the particle board is improved.
The odor is eliminated from the woody synthetic material or the particle board, and no stain appears on the surface, thereby increasing their product value.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a system explanatory diagram of processing steps showing in principle and schematically an outline of a case where a method of a basic embodiment of a method of recycling bonded wood to be processed according to the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a system explanatory diagram of processing steps showing, in principle and schematically, an outline of a case where a method of a basic embodiment of a method for recycling bonded wood to be processed according to the present invention is applied.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus in one embodiment in a crushing step.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a drying / stirring device.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of an opening / closing mechanism for a bottom of a drying chamber.
FIG. 9 is an overall perspective view showing a main part of a cutter mill (crushing means) used in an embodiment of the crushing step of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of a cleaning / separation / classification apparatus.
FIG. 11 is an internal structural diagram of a cleaning / separating / classifying apparatus.
12A is an external view of a crushed piece 82, FIG. 12B is an external view of an adhesive-removed wood piece 86, and FIG. 12C is an external view of an adhesive-containing material 88.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a method of regenerating a particle board using the adhesive-removed wood piece 86 as a raw material.
FIG. 14 is a partial sectional view of an extruder 370 of the extrusion molding device 301 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a connecting means and a forming die 310 of the extrusion forming apparatus 301 in the embodiment of the present invention.
16A is a front view of the flange 317, FIG. 16B is a plan view of the flange 317, FIG. 16C is a side view of the flange 317, and FIG. 16D is a detailed view of the inflow port 316 of the flange 317.
17A is a plan view of a forming die 310 (die), FIG. 17B is a front view of the forming die 310 (die), and FIG. 17C is a side view of the forming die 310 (die).
18A is a plan view of a plate 311, FIG. 18B is a front view of the plate 311, and FIG. 18C is a side view of the plate 311.
FIG. 19 is a plan view illustrating the inside of a molding die 310 of the extrusion molding apparatus 301.
20 (a) is a rear view of the spacer 324, (b) is a plan view thereof, (c) is a left side view thereof, and (d) is a front view thereof.
21A is a plan view of the heat insulating plate 326, and FIG. 21B is a front view of the heat insulating plate 326.
22A is a plan view of a reinforcing plate 327, and FIG. 22B is a front view of the reinforcing plate 327. FIG.
23A is a plan / front view of the bar members 348a to 348n, FIG. 23B is a side sectional view of the bar member 348a, and FIG. 23C is a side view of the bar member 348h.
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow wood composite material 329 that is not formed properly.
FIG. 25 is a view showing a method of forming a bag-shaped container of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a substantially rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheet; () Shows a state in which the sheet of (A) is folded back and sewn at the center XX line, and (C) shows a bag-like body formed by turning over the sheet of (B).
26A is a plan view of an aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′, and FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 350 ′ taken along the line XVIB-XVIB.
FIG. 27 is a front view of a hollow wood composite material 329.
FIG. 28 is a plan sectional view of a forming die 410 of an extrusion forming apparatus according to a modification of the present invention.
FIG. 29 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a core body 440 according to a modification of the present invention.
FIG. 30 is a view showing a method for forming an accommodating body 450 (bag-shaped body 453) of an aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ according to a modified embodiment of the present invention, wherein (A) is a substantially rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheet. 450 ', (B) shows a state in which the sheet 450' of (A) is folded and sewn at the center XX line, and (C) shows a bag-like body 453 formed by turning over the sheet 450 'of (B). 1 shows a container.
FIG. 31 is a view showing a method of forming an accommodating body 450 (cylindrical body 454) of an aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′ according to another modified embodiment of the present invention. A substantially rectangular aramid fiber fluororesin sheet 450 ′, (B) is formed by overlapping and sewing the sheet 450 ′ of (A), and (C) is formed by turning over the sheet 450 ′ of (B). FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 10 drying / stirring device 15 drying room 21 motor (of drying / stirring device)
22 Bottom part (of drying / stirring device) 27 Crushed piece (mixture) outlet (of drying / stirring device) 28 Crushed piece (mixture) inlet (of drying / stirring device)
29 stirring blade 32 shaft 34 rod-shaped body 36 stirring plate
40 Furnace 42 Hot air inlet 43 Piping 44 Collection box
54 Screen (of drying / stirring device) 56 Suction port (of drying / stirring device)
81 crushed piece 82 coarse crushed piece 83 shaped wood 84 (84 ') adhesive containing material
86 Adhesive-removed wood piece 88 Adhesive-containing material
110 Crusher 120 Cutter mill 121 Cutter mill body
122 Lid 123 Slot 124 Cutter support 125 Rotary blade
126 Fixed blade 127 Input chamber 128 Crushing chamber
129 Screen 130 Polishing device (adhesive separator)
131 Fixed disk 132 Supply inlet 133 Fixed end plate
134 Fixed pin 135 Peripheral plate 141 Movable disk
142 Rotating horizontal shaft 143 Bearing 144 Movable pin
151 Screen 152 Outlet 153 Outlet
155 Processing space 156 Discharge space 210a, 210b Crusher
211 Crusher 212 Net conveyor 213 Magnetic separator
231a, 231b Supply pipe 235 Communication pipe
236 Piping 237 Branch pipe 238 Three-way solenoid valve
239 Discharge pipe 240 Recovery tank 250 Collection tank

Claims (6)

A method of separating adhesive-containing material from bonded wood and recovering the wood, wherein the processing target is bonded wood.
Crushing the glued wood into a plurality of crushed pieces;
A drying and stirring step of drying and stirring the crushed pieces,
A step of crushing the collected crushed pieces into a plurality of crushed pieces,
A step of applying an impact grinding force to the crushed crushed pieces to separate the crushed pieces into a small piece of adhesive-containing material and an adhesive-removed wood piece that is a larger piece.
A method for recycling glued wood, comprising at least: The drying / stirring step includes:
2. The method for recycling bonded wood according to claim 1, further comprising a step of stirring the crushed pieces, removing soil and the like separated from the crushed pieces by stirring, and drying the crushed pieces by stirring with warm air in an air current. . The method for recycling bonded wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bonded wood is manufactured from the adhesive-removed wood pieces. The method for recycling bonded wood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a particle board is manufactured from the adhesive-removed wood piece. It is a device that separates the glue-containing material from the glued wood and collects the wood.
A plurality of crushing means for crushing the bonded wood into a plurality of crushed pieces,
Drying and stirring means for drying and stirring the crushed pieces,
Crushing means for further crushing the collected crushed pieces into a plurality of crushed pieces,
A fixed-side washing / separation / classification means on a fixed disk communicating with the supply input port of the crushed crushed pieces, in which each fixed pin is sequentially implanted on a plurality of rotation trajectories,
A movable-side cleaning / separation / classification means on a movable disk provided rotatably opposite to the fixed disk, and each movable pin is sequentially implanted on a plurality of rotation trajectories different from the fixed pins; ,
Classification means in the outer periphery of the combination of each of the fixed pins and each of the movable pins, communicating with a discharge port for discharging the separated adhesive-containing material, and
A take-out means for taking out collected wood to an outlet,
Between each of the fixed pins and each of the movable pins, washing, separation, and classification of the coarsely crushed pieces into small pieces of the adhesive-containing material and the adhesive-removed wood pieces, which are larger pieces, by impact grinding force. Means for recycling bonded wood. The drying and stirring means,
Stirring means for stirring the crushed pieces,
Means for removing earth and sand separated from the crushed pieces by stirring by the stirring means,
Means for drying by supply of hot air from a hot air supply source and stirring by a stirring means in an air current in the crushed pieces,
6. The apparatus for recycling bonded wood according to claim 5, further comprising:

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