JP2004134212A - Aluminum cable for automobile wire harnesses - Google Patents

Aluminum cable for automobile wire harnesses Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004134212A
JP2004134212A JP2002297107A JP2002297107A JP2004134212A JP 2004134212 A JP2004134212 A JP 2004134212A JP 2002297107 A JP2002297107 A JP 2002297107A JP 2002297107 A JP2002297107 A JP 2002297107A JP 2004134212 A JP2004134212 A JP 2004134212A
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wire
aluminum
mmφ
bending
copper
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JP4477295B2 (en
Inventor
Hajime Watanabe
渡辺 元
Kazuo Yoshida
吉田 和生
Hideki Kamiyama
神山 秀樹
Koichi Kawaguchi
川口 好一
Manabu Kojima
小島 学
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aluminum cable for automobile wire harness equal to the conventional copper strand wire in the mechanical property such as bending resistance by making weight reduction. <P>SOLUTION: This is an aluminum cable for automobile wire harness which uses as an element wire an aluminum thin wire that contains components of Fe: 0.6 wt% or less, Si: 0.2-1.0 wt%, Mg: 0.2-1.0 wt% and the rest being made of aluminum and inevitable impurities, and which is made by stranding the element wires of 0.14-0.5 mmψ for 7-65 pieces, and which is lightweighted and superior in bending resistance or the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線に係り、軽量で屈曲性に優れた自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、自動車の配線用電線として主にJIS C 3102に規定されるような軟銅線、またはこれに錫めっきなどを施した線を撚り合わせて撚り線導体とし、この導体に塩化ビニール、架橋ポリエチレンなどの絶縁体を被覆した電線が使用されてきた。
【0003】
近年、自動車の高性能化、高機能化に伴って各種電子機器の制御回路が増加して、自動車内の配線箇所が多くなり配線による重量の増大が進む一方、それらに対する信頼性が一層高く要求されようになってきている。また配線スペースの縮減や軽量化の要求に対しては細線化により対応し、さらに環境保護気運の高まりから、リサイクルし易い自動車用電線が要求されている。
【0004】
このような要求に対して、鋼線に銅を被覆した複合線を用いることにより、所要の導電率とはんだ付着性を改良すると共に屈曲性と引張り強度を高めた自動車用電導体が知られている(例えば、特許文献1)。
【0005】
また、銅の合金線を用いることなく、硬銅素線と軟銅素線とを撚り合わせて細径化により機械的強度を確保し、併せて軽量化とリサイクル性を高めた導体断面積0.3mm以下の自動車用電線導体が知られている(例えば、特許文献2)。
【0006】
また、アルミ線に亜鉛合金被覆を有する配線用導体とすることにより、電気接続上の問題の解決を図ると共に、銅材を用いていないので自動車のリサイクルの際に銅の混入がなく、リサイクル鉄鋼材の品質低下が抑制される配線用電線導体が知られている(例えば、特許文献3)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】特開平03−184210号公報
【特許文献3】特開平06−060739号公報
【特許文献3】特開平06−203639号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1、2の自動車用電線導体は、銅または銅合金を材料とした導体であり、重量が大きい。またこの導体は接続時にはんだが使用されており、リサイクルの際、導体の接続時に使用されたはんだに含まれている鉛などが環境汚染物質の一つとなり大きな問題とされるようになっている。
また、特許文献3のように自動車用ワイヤハーネス導体として亜鉛合金被覆したアルミ線を用いるものは、リサイクルのし易さ、および軽量化の一環として極めて有効である。しかし、通常の細電線に使用されているアルミ線は、電気用硬アルミ線(JIS C 3108)等を主体としたもので、銅線などに比較すると屈曲性が著しく低く、自動車のドアヒンジ回りなど開閉繰り返し回数の多い箇所では、銅線と比較して早期に破断するので、従来の構造部位には使用できないという問題があった。
【0009】
本発明は、自動車の性能向上の観点から可能な限りの軽量化を図るために、自動車ワイヤハーネス用電線のアルミ線化について種々試験研究を行った。自動車ワイヤハーネス用電線をアルミ線化により軽量化しても、導電率、耐屈曲性等が低下しては意味をなさないから、これらを両立させたアルミ材料を用い、従来の銅線に匹敵する自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線を提供しようとするものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、Fe:0.6wt%以下、Si:0.2〜1.0wt%、Mg:0.2〜1.0wt%の成分を含み、残部がアルミニウムおよび不可避不純物からなるアルミ細線を素線として前記素線を撚り合わせてなることを特徴とする自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線である。
【0011】
【作用】
本発明においては、Fe:0.6wt%以下、Si:0.2〜1.0wt%、Mg:0.2〜1.0wt%の成分を含み、残部がアルミニウムおよび不可避不純物からなるアルミ細線を素線として、これを撚り合わせてなることにより、アルミ線化による軽量化が図られ、自動車ワイヤハーネス用として必要な導電率、耐屈曲性等の機械的特性を有する自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線とすることができたものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のアルミ素線について、その合金組成を限定した理由を説明する。
Feは、通常Al合金の不純物として含まれ、マトリックス中に固溶しているSiとα−Al Fe Siを生成しやすく、Feが0.6wt%を超えると、Si固溶量を減少させることによって、強度を低下させるためFeは0.6wt%以下とし、さらには0.5wt%以下であることが望ましい。
Siは、Alマトリクス中に固溶、あるいはMgと共にGPゾーン、MgSi等としてAlマトリックス中に析出し、アルミ素線の強度を向上させる。その添加量を0.2〜1.0wt%と限定したのは、0.2wt%未満ではその効果が小さく、1.0wt%を超えると、素線製造中の熱処理により単体Siとして析出することで伸線時に断線を生じる危険が高まるからであり、またアルミ素線の耐力が高くなりすぎてスプリングバックが大きくなり、素線が撚れなくなって自動車用電線用撚り線に成形できなくなるからである。Siの好ましい含有量の範囲は0.25〜0.9wt%である。
【0013】
Mgは、素線製造中の熱処理等により、Siと共にAlマトリックス中にGPゾーン、MgSiを析出させ、アルミ素線の強度を向上させる。その添加量を0.2〜1.0wt%と限定したのは、0.2wt%未満ではその効果が小さく、1.0wt%を越えるとAlマトリックス中にMgが多く固溶することで導電率が著しく低下し、電線として十分な導電率が得られなくなるからであり、また、Siと同様にアルミ素線の耐力が高くなりすぎてスプリングバックが大きくなり、素線が撚れなくなって自動車用電線用撚り線に成形できなくなるからである。Mgの好ましい含有量の範囲は0.3〜0.9wt%である。
Mnは、Alマトリックス中に固溶し、Al電線の導電率を低下させるが、0.1wt%以下であれば、本発明の効果を防げない。好ましくは0.02wt%以下である。
Cuは、固溶硬化により成形時の延性が低下し、伸線加工に難が出ると共に、アルミ電線の耐食性が著しく低下させるが、0.2wt%以下であれば、本発明の効果を防げない。好ましくは0.1wt%以下である。
【0014】
なお、結晶粒微細化の効果があり、マトリックス強度を向上させる目的で添加させるTi及びVは、Ti+Vの合計量で0.1wt%以下であれば、本発明の効果を妨げない。Ti+Vの合計量が、0.1wt%を越えると伸線時の延性が低下するためである。
また、一般的に結晶粒微細化およびマトリックス強度を向上のため添加されるNi、Cr、Bについては、これら元素の合計量が0.2wt%未満であれば特に本発明の効果を損なうことはない。
【0015】
本発明の自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線は、前述した組成のAl合金を、連続鋳造圧延法や展延法等によってφ9.5mm程度の荒引き線を製造し、途中で熱処理を適宜加えながら伸線加工を行い、自動車用電線に使用される0.14〜0.5mmφの素線に加工する。加工後の素線を必要に応じた線径、線数で撚り加工し、電線用撚り線を得る。電線のシース被覆は、必要に応じた任意の被覆厚で実施し、被覆材料も塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリエチレン等の一般に用いられている被覆材料が使用できる。
【0016】
例えば、本発明の自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線は、特定した組成のアルミ細線で、0.14〜0.5mmφの素線を7〜65本撚り合わせるものであり、従来の銅線に匹敵する屈曲性を有している。
本発明の自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線は、導電率58%IACS以上とすることができ、また高い耐屈曲性を有しており、ドアヒンジ部等のように開閉頻度が多い箇所でも破断することがない。またエンジンルーム等の厳しい高低温度に晒されるような使用に耐える耐熱性を有しているものである。
また、リサイクル化も銅線のワイヤハーネス導体に比べ大幅に容易になり、環境に対する有害物質の発生もなくクリーンなものである。
【0017】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例について、表1、表2及び図面で説明する。
表1は発明例と比較例のAl合金の組成を示したものであり、表1に示す組成のAl合金を常法により溶解、連続鋳造圧延法によりφ9.5mmの荒引き線を得た。得られた荒引き線を、途中で熱処理を適宜加えながら伸線加工を行い、φ0.32mmのアルミ素線を得た。
表2は、得られたアルミ素線に対し、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性(撚り線加工の可否)を評価したものである。伸線時の加工性は、伸線時の断線の有無を調べた。また、撚り性(撚り線加工の可否)は素線を7本撚りにして、加工後にスプリングバックによって撚りが開いてしまうか否かを調査した結果であり、良は○、不良は×で示した。
【表1】

Figure 2004134212
【表2】
Figure 2004134212
【0018】
表2より明らかなように、本発明で特定した組成による発明例1、2のアルミ素線は、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性(撚り線加工の可否)のいずれも良好なものであった。これに対して、比較例2は導電率42%と劣り、比較例3は伸線時に断線が発生した伸線時の加工性が劣り、また撚った後スプリングバックで撚りが開くものであった。比較例4は導電率46%と劣り、また撚った後スプリングバックで撚りが開くものであった。
このように、本発明で特定した組成の範囲外の素線(比較例2〜4)は、伸線時の加工性、導電率、撚り性のいずれかで一つ以上が劣っており、自動車ワイヤハーネスの素線としては適さないものであった。
なお、比較例1のアルミ素線は、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性では良好なものであったが、以降に示す屈曲寿命において著しく劣るもので、自動車ワイヤハーネスの素線としては適さないものであった。
【0019】
次ぎに、素線としてのアルミ細線、及び撚り合わせた自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線の屈曲性について示す。
屈曲性の試験は、図1(a)(b)に示すように、試験試料1をマンドレル3で挟み、下端部に矢印のように荷重をかける。素線または撚線の試験試料1の両端には接続具4、5で接続して通電し、試料1を図1(a)のように折り曲げて、次いで図1(a)から(b)に180度折り曲げて、このような180度の折り曲げを左右に繰り返して、破断するまでの折り曲げ回数をそれぞれの試料について測定した。
なお、マンドレル3の間隔は、試験中に試料1を圧迫しないように、試料1の直径dの1.1d(110%)とした。破断するまでの折り曲げ回数の計測は、試料1の両端に通電し、通電がoffとなっときに破断したものとした。
また、試料1の繰り返し折り曲げは、30回/分(rpm)の速さで行った。
【0020】
素線の屈曲性について図2に示す。素線の屈曲性試験は、マンドレル3の直径は25mmで、図1(a)(b)に示すように行った。
図2は、本発明例11〜14のアルミ細線、比較例11,12、従来例の銅細線について、その縦軸に屈曲寿命回数(破断するまでの折り曲げ回数で、以下「屈曲回数」という)を示したものである。この屈曲回数は、それぞれの試料について、屈曲性試験を5回の行い、その平均値を示したものである。
本発明例11と本発明例12は、表1で発明例1として示した組成を有するアルミ細線で、本発明例11は径0.26mmφ、本発明例12は径0.32mmφのものである。
本発明例13と本発明例14は、表1で発明例2として示した組成を有するアルミ細線で、本発明例13は径0.26mmφ、本発明例14は径0.32mmφのものである。
比較例11と比較例12は、表1で比較例1として示した組成を有するアルミ細線で、比較例11は径0.26mmφ、比較例12は径0.32mmφのものである。
従来例は、軟銅細線で径が0.26mmφのものである。
【0021】
図2に示すように、屈曲性試験の結果は、比較例11のアルミ細線では78回、比較例12のアルミ細線では90回と、100回未満で破断した。
これに対して、本発明例11のアルミ細線の屈曲回数は400回、本発明例12アルミ細線は392回、本発明例13アルミ細線は455回、本発明例14アルミ細線は497回と屈曲性の優れたものである。これは、従来例の銅細線の屈曲回数、517回に匹敵するものであり、本発明で特定した組成のアルミ細線は、従来軟銅線と同等の耐屈曲性能を有することを示している。
表2に示したように比較例1の組成のアルミ素線は、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性では良好なものであったが、図2に示したように屈曲寿命において著しく劣るもので、自動車ワイヤハーネスの素線としては適さないものであった。
【0022】
アルミ細線を素線として撚り合わた撚り線の屈曲性について、図3(a)(b)及び図4(a)(b)(c)に示す。撚り線の屈曲性試験は、室温で、図1(a)(b)に示すように、180度左右に繰り返して折り曲げて行った。屈曲性はマンドレル径の大きさにより変動するので、マンドレル径を20〜60mmで変化させてその影響を調べた。撚り線の屈曲性試験は、全て、PVC被覆して電線に仕上げたものについて行った。
図3(a)(b)は、本発明例の撚り線と従来例の銅細線の撚り線とを対比させたものであり、図4(a)(b)(c)は、比較例(純アルミ細線を素線とした撚り線)と従来例の銅細線の撚り線とを対比させたものである。
図3(a)(b)及び図4(a)(b)(c)は、横軸はマンドレル径(mm)、縦軸は屈曲回数(破断するまでの折り曲げ回数)を対数で示した。屈曲回数は、それぞれの試料について、屈曲性試験を5回行い、その平均値を示したものである。また、全て、PVC被覆して電線に仕上げたものについて行った。
【0023】
まず、図4(a)(b)(c)で、表1の比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線を素線とした撚り線と従来例の銅細線の撚り線について説明する。
図4(a)の−◆−は従来例で、0.26mmφの銅細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.3sq(mm)の銅撚り線である。−▲−は比較例で、0.26mmφの比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.3sq(mm)の純アルミ撚り線である。従来例、比較例ともに、0.3mm厚のPVC被覆を行い、外径1.4mmの電線として評価した。
図4(a)に示すように、従来例の銅撚り線(−◆−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数1946回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数2988回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数7507回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数21384回であった。比較例の純アルミの撚り線(−▲−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数448回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数815回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数1636回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数4989回であった。このように純アルミの撚り線では、従来例の銅撚り線に比べて、屈曲性の劣るものであった。
【0024】
図4(b)の−■−は従来例で、0.32mmφの銅細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.5sq(mm)の銅撚り線である。−▲−は比較例で、0.32mmφの比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.5sq(mm)の純アルミ撚り線である。従来例、比較例ともに、0.3mm厚のPVC被覆を行い、外径1.6mmの電線として評価した。
図4(b)に示すように、従来例の銅撚り線(−■−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数1821回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数1994回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数5055回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数11102回であった。比較例の純アルミの撚り線(−▲−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数350回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数482回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数1095回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数2309回であった。このように純アルミの撚り線では、素線が0.32mmφでも従来例の銅撚り線に比べて屈曲性の劣るものであった。
【0025】
図4(c)の−■−は従来例で、0.24mmφの銅細線を素線とし、19本の素線を撚り合わせた0.85sq(mm)の銅撚り線である。−▲−は比較例で、0.24mmφの比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線を素線とし、19本の素線を撚り合わせた0.85sq(mm)の純アルミ撚り線である。従来例、比較例ともに、0.3mm厚のPVC被覆を行い、外径1.8mmの電線として評価した。
図4(c)に示すように、従来例の銅撚り線(−■−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数1664回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数2163回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数9030回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数12272回であった。比較例の純アルミの撚り線(−▲−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数670回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数833回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数1574回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数7283回であった。このように純アルミの撚り線では、素線を0.24mmφとしたものでも従来例の銅撚り線に比べて屈曲性の劣るものであった。
【0026】
以上のように、比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線を素線とした撚り線では、細線のサイズが0.26mmφ、0.32mmφ、0.24mmφのいずれの場合でも、また撚り線の本数が7本、19本のいずれの場合でも、屈曲回数は、銅線の撚り線より劣るものであった。
また、図4(a)では、比較例1の組成の純アルミ細線の撚り線のマンドレル径40mmφでの屈曲回数は、銅撚り線のマンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数とほぼ同じである。これは自動車内に配線する際、銅撚り線では、マンドレル径25mmφに相当するように曲げることができるが、純アルミ細線の撚り線ではマンドレル径40mmφに相当するような折り曲げしかできないことを示すものであり、純アルミ細線の撚り線ては、必要な曲げ径で配索ができないという実装に際しての制約が生ずるものであった。このような問題を解決するために、本発明で特定した組成のアルミ細線を素線として撚り合わせて自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線としたものであり、図3(a)(b)で説明する。
【0027】
図3(a)(b)は、本発明例の撚り線と従来例の銅細線の撚り線とを対比させた結果である。
図3(a)の−◆−は従来例で、0.26mmφの銅細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.3sq(mm)の銅撚り線である。
−▲−は、表1で本発明例1として示した組成の合金の0.26mmφの細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.3sq(mm)の撚り線である。本発明例、従来例ともに、0.3mm厚のPVC被覆を行い、外径1.4mmの電線として評価した。
【0028】
図3(a)に示すように、従来例の銅撚り線(−◆−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数1946回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数2988回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数7507回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数21384回であるのに対し、本発明例(−▲−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数2852回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数4254回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数4757回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数15867回である。
【0029】
図3(b)の−■−は従来例で、0.32mmφの銅細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.5sq(mm)の銅撚り線である。
−●−は、表1で本発明例1として示した組成の合金の0.32mmφの細線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合わせた0.5sq(mm)の撚り線である。本発明例、従来例ともに、0.3mm厚のPVC被覆を行い、外径1.6mmの電線として評価した。
【0030】
図3(b)に示すように、従来例の銅撚り線(−■−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数1821回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数1994回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数5055回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数11102回であるのに対し、本発明例(−●−)では、マンドレル径20mmφでは屈曲回数2001回、マンドレル径25mmφでは屈曲回数2793回、マンドレル径40mmφでは屈曲回数3641回、マンドレル径60mmφでは屈曲回数7430回である。
図3(a)(b)に示すように、本発明例の撚り線は、従来例の銅撚り線と同レベルの屈曲性を有しているものであり、特に、マンドレル径が20mmφ、25mmφでは、本発明例の撚り線が、従来例の銅撚り線より優れた屈曲性を示した。
【0031】
以上のように、素線としての本発明で特定した組成のアルミ細線は、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性(撚り線加工の可否)、耐屈曲性に優れたものであり、また、図3(a)(b)に示したように、本発明で特定した組成のアルミ細線を素線として撚り合わせた撚り線は、従来の銅撚り線と同レベルの屈曲性を有しているものである。これは、自動車内に配線する際、従来の銅撚り線と同様な曲げ径で配索ができ、同様な実装を行うことができるものであり、自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ線として、従来の銅撚り線に匹敵する特性を備えているものである。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線によれば、アルミ線化により軽量化が図られ、伸線時の加工性、導電率(%)、撚り性(撚り線加工の可否)、耐屈曲性に優れ、またリサイクル化も銅線のワイヤハーネス導体に比べ大幅に容易になり、環境に対する有害物質の発生もなくクリーンであるなどの有用な効果を有するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】屈曲試験の説明図
【図2】素線の屈曲回数を示した図
【図3】本発明の実施の形態の説明図で屈曲試験比較図
【図4】本発明の実施の形態の説明図で屈曲試験比較図
【符号の説明】
1 試料(素線または撚線)
3 マンドレル
4、5 接続具[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness, and more particularly to an aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness which is lightweight and has excellent flexibility.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a wiring wire for an automobile, a soft copper wire mainly specified in JIS C 3102 or a tin-plated wire is twisted to form a stranded wire conductor, and the conductor is made of vinyl chloride, cross-linked polyethylene, or the like. Insulated wires have been used.
[0003]
In recent years, the control circuits of various electronic devices have increased with the advancement of high performance and high functionality of automobiles, and the number of wiring locations in automobiles has increased and the weight due to wiring has increased. It is becoming. In addition, the demand for reduction in wiring space and weight reduction is met by thinning the wires, and furthermore, due to increased environmental protection, electric wires for automobiles that are easy to recycle are required.
[0004]
In response to such demands, there has been known an automotive conductor having improved flexibility and tensile strength while improving required conductivity and solder adhesion by using a composite wire in which a steel wire is coated with copper. (For example, Patent Document 1).
[0005]
In addition, the copper cross-sectional area is increased by reducing the diameter of the conductor by twisting the hard copper wire and the annealed copper wire without using a copper alloy wire, thereby securing the mechanical strength. An automotive wire conductor of 3 mm 2 or less is known (for example, Patent Document 2).
[0006]
In addition, by using a wiring conductor that has a zinc alloy coating on the aluminum wire, it is possible to solve the problem of electrical connection, and since no copper material is used, there is no mixing of copper when recycling automobiles. There is known a wire electric conductor for wiring in which deterioration in material quality is suppressed (for example, Patent Document 3).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-03-184210 [Patent Document 3] JP-A-06-060739 [Patent Document 3] JP-A-06-203639
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The electric wire conductors for automobiles in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are conductors made of copper or a copper alloy, and have a large weight. In addition, this conductor uses solder at the time of connection, and when recycled, lead etc. contained in the solder used at the time of connection of the conductor becomes one of the environmental pollutants and has become a big problem .
Further, the use of a zinc alloy-coated aluminum wire as a wire harness conductor for an automobile as in Patent Document 3 is extremely effective as a part of easy recycling and weight reduction. However, aluminum wires used for ordinary thin electric wires are mainly made of hard aluminum wires for electric use (JIS C 3108) and the like, and have extremely low flexibility compared to copper wires and the like, such as around a door hinge of an automobile. There is a problem that it cannot be used for a conventional structural part because it breaks earlier in a portion where the number of times of repetition of opening and closing is large as compared with a copper wire.
[0009]
In the present invention, in order to reduce the weight as much as possible from the viewpoint of improving the performance of the automobile, various tests and researches were conducted on the use of aluminum wires for automobile wire harnesses. Even if the wire for automobile wiring harnesses is reduced in weight by using aluminum wires, it does not make sense to lower the electrical conductivity and bending resistance, etc., and it is comparable to conventional copper wires using aluminum materials that balance these. An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum electric wire for an automobile wiring harness.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a thin aluminum wire containing a component of Fe: 0.6 wt% or less, Si: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, and Mg: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, with the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities. An aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness, wherein the element wires are twisted as wires.
[0011]
[Action]
In the present invention, an aluminum fine wire containing a component of Fe: 0.6 wt% or less, Si: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, and Mg: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities is used. By twisting this as an element wire, weight reduction by aluminum wire is achieved, and aluminum wire for automobile wire harness with mechanical properties such as electrical conductivity and bending resistance required for automobile wire harness Is what I was able to do.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The reason for limiting the alloy composition of the aluminum strand of the present invention will be described.
Fe is usually contained as an impurity in the Al alloy, and easily forms Si and α-Al Fe Si in solid solution in the matrix. When Fe exceeds 0.6 wt%, the amount of Si solid solution is reduced. Therefore, in order to lower the strength, the content of Fe is set to 0.6 wt% or less, and more preferably 0.5 wt% or less.
Si is solid-dissolved in the Al matrix, or precipitates in the Al matrix together with Mg as a GP zone, Mg 2 Si, etc., and improves the strength of the aluminum strand. The reason why the addition amount is limited to 0.2 to 1.0 wt% is that if the content is less than 0.2 wt%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 1.0 wt%, it is deposited as elemental Si by heat treatment during wire production. This is because the danger of breakage during wire drawing increases, and the strength of the aluminum wire becomes too high and the springback increases, making it impossible to twist the wire and make it impossible to form it into a stranded wire for automotive electric wires. is there. The preferable range of the content of Si is 0.25 to 0.9 wt%.
[0013]
Mg precipitates a GP zone and Mg 2 Si in an Al matrix together with Si by a heat treatment or the like during the production of the strand, thereby improving the strength of the aluminum strand. The reason why the addition amount is limited to 0.2 to 1.0 wt% is that when the content is less than 0.2 wt%, the effect is small, and when the content exceeds 1.0 wt%, a large amount of Mg forms a solid solution in the Al matrix, and thus the conductivity is increased. Is significantly reduced, and sufficient electrical conductivity cannot be obtained as an electric wire. Also, like Si, the strength of the aluminum wire becomes too high, the springback becomes large, and the wire is not twisted, so that it is not used for automobiles. This is because it cannot be formed into a stranded wire for an electric wire. The preferable range of the Mg content is 0.3 to 0.9 wt%.
Mn forms a solid solution in the Al matrix and lowers the conductivity of the Al electric wire, but if it is 0.1 wt% or less, the effect of the present invention cannot be prevented. Preferably it is 0.02 wt% or less.
Cu reduces the ductility at the time of molding due to solid solution hardening, causes difficulty in wire drawing, and significantly reduces the corrosion resistance of the aluminum electric wire. However, if it is 0.2 wt% or less, the effect of the present invention cannot be prevented. . Preferably it is 0.1 wt% or less.
[0014]
The effect of the present invention is not impaired as long as Ti and V are added for the purpose of improving the matrix strength and have a total grain size of Ti + V of 0.1 wt% or less. This is because if the total amount of Ti + V exceeds 0.1 wt%, the ductility at the time of drawing decreases.
In addition, as for Ni, Cr, and B, which are generally added for refining crystal grains and improving matrix strength, if the total amount of these elements is less than 0.2 wt%, the effect of the present invention is not particularly impaired. Absent.
[0015]
The aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness of the present invention is obtained by producing a rough drawn wire of about 9.5 mm from the Al alloy having the above-described composition by a continuous casting rolling method, a spreading method, or the like, and applying a heat treatment as needed during the drawing. Processing is performed to form a wire of 0.14 to 0.5 mmφ used for electric wires for automobiles. The processed wire is twisted with a wire diameter and the number of wires as required to obtain a stranded wire for an electric wire. The sheath coating of the electric wire is performed with an optional coating thickness as necessary, and a commonly used coating material such as vinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene can be used as the coating material.
[0016]
For example, the aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness of the present invention is formed by twisting 7 to 65 strands of 0.14 to 0.5 mm in diameter with a thin aluminum wire having the specified composition, and has a bend comparable to a conventional copper wire. Have the property.
The aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness of the present invention can have an electrical conductivity of 58% IACS or more, has high bending resistance, and can be broken even at a location where opening and closing frequency is high such as a door hinge portion. Absent. Further, it has heat resistance enough to withstand use such as being exposed to severe high and low temperatures such as an engine room.
Recycling is also much easier than with copper wire harness conductors, and it is clean without generating harmful substances to the environment.
[0017]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to Tables 1 and 2 and the drawings.
Table 1 shows the compositions of the Al alloys of the invention examples and the comparative examples. The Al alloys having the compositions shown in Table 1 were melted by a conventional method, and a rough drawn wire of φ9.5 mm was obtained by a continuous casting and rolling method. The obtained rough drawn wire was subjected to wire drawing while appropriately applying heat treatment on the way to obtain an aluminum element wire of φ0.32 mm.
Table 2 evaluates the processability at the time of wire-drawing, the electrical conductivity (%), and the twisting property (whether or not twisted wire processing is possible) for the obtained aluminum strand. The workability at the time of wire drawing was examined for the presence or absence of disconnection at the time of wire drawing. The twistability (whether or not twisted wire processing is possible) is the result of investigating whether or not the twist is opened by springback after processing by twisting seven strands. Good is indicated by ○, and defective is indicated by ×. Was.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004134212
[Table 2]
Figure 2004134212
[0018]
As is clear from Table 2, the aluminum wires of Inventive Examples 1 and 2 according to the composition specified in the present invention have any of workability at the time of drawing, conductivity (%), and twistability (whether or not twisted wire processing is possible). Was also good. On the other hand, Comparative Example 2 was inferior in conductivity to 42%, Comparative Example 3 was inferior in workability at the time of wire drawing in which breakage occurred at the time of wire drawing, and twisted was opened by springback after twisting. Was. In Comparative Example 4, the conductivity was inferior to 46%, and the twist was opened by springback after the twist.
As described above, the wires (Comparative Examples 2 to 4) out of the composition range specified in the present invention are inferior in one or more of processability, electrical conductivity, and twistability at the time of drawing, and It was not suitable as a wire of a wire harness.
The aluminum wire of Comparative Example 1 had good workability, electrical conductivity (%), and twistability at the time of wire drawing, but had a remarkably inferior bending life as described below. It was not suitable as a strand.
[0019]
Next, the flexibility of the aluminum wire as the element wire and the twisted aluminum wire for the automobile wire harness will be described.
In the bending test, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a test sample 1 is sandwiched between mandrels 3 and a load is applied to the lower end as indicated by an arrow. Both ends of the test sample 1 of the strand or the stranded wire are connected with the connecting tools 4 and 5 and energized, and the sample 1 is bent as shown in FIG. 1 (a), and then, as shown in FIG. 1 (a) to (b). After bending at 180 degrees, such 180-degree bending was repeated right and left, and the number of times of bending until breaking was measured for each sample.
The interval between the mandrels 3 was set to 1.1d (110%) of the diameter d of the sample 1 so that the sample 1 was not pressed during the test. In the measurement of the number of bendings before breaking, a current was applied to both ends of the sample 1 and the sample was broken when the current was turned off.
The sample 1 was repeatedly bent at a speed of 30 times / minute (rpm).
[0020]
FIG. 2 shows the flexibility of the strand. The bending test of the strand was performed as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B with the diameter of the mandrel 3 being 25 mm.
FIG. 2 shows the number of bending life (the number of bendings before breaking, hereinafter referred to as the number of bendings) on the vertical axis of the aluminum thin wires of Examples 11 to 14 of the present invention, the comparative examples 11 and 12, and the copper thin wires of the conventional example. It is shown. The number of times of bending is an average value obtained by performing a bending test five times for each sample.
Inventive Example 11 and Inventive Example 12 are aluminum thin wires having the composition shown as Inventive Example 1 in Table 1, in which Inventive Example 11 has a diameter of 0.26 mmφ and Inventive Example 12 has a diameter of 0.32 mmφ. .
Inventive Examples 13 and 14 are aluminum thin wires having the composition shown as Inventive Example 2 in Table 1. Inventive Example 13 has a diameter of 0.26 mmφ, and Inventive Example 14 has a diameter of 0.32 mmφ. .
Comparative Example 11 and Comparative Example 12 are aluminum thin wires having the composition shown as Comparative Example 1 in Table 1. Comparative Example 11 has a diameter of 0.26 mmφ, and Comparative Example 12 has a diameter of 0.32 mmφ.
The conventional example is a soft copper thin wire having a diameter of 0.26 mmφ.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2, the result of the flexibility test was that the aluminum thin wire of Comparative Example 11 was broken 78 times, and the aluminum thin wire of Comparative Example 12 was broken 90 times, which was less than 100 times.
On the other hand, the number of bending times of the thin aluminum wire of the present invention example 11 is 400 times, the thin aluminum wire of the present invention example 12 is 392 times, the thin aluminum wire of the present invention example 13 is 455 times, and the thin aluminum wire of the present invention example 14 is 497 times. It has excellent properties. This is equivalent to the number of bending times of the conventional copper thin wire of 517 times, and indicates that the aluminum thin wire having the composition specified in the present invention has the same bending resistance as the conventional soft copper wire.
As shown in Table 2, the aluminum wire having the composition of Comparative Example 1 had good workability, electrical conductivity (%), and twistability during drawing, but was bent as shown in FIG. The service life was remarkably inferior, and was not suitable as a wire for an automobile wire harness.
[0022]
FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) and FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c) show the flexibility of a stranded wire obtained by twisting an aluminum thin wire as a strand. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the stranded wire was repeatedly bent left and right at 180 degrees at room temperature, as shown in FIGS. Since the flexibility varies depending on the size of the mandrel diameter, the influence was examined by changing the mandrel diameter from 20 to 60 mm. All of the plied wire bending tests were performed on PVC-coated electric wires.
FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a comparison between the stranded wire of the present invention and the stranded wire of the conventional copper fine wire, and FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (c) show comparative examples ( This is a comparison between a stranded wire made of pure aluminum fine wire and a stranded wire of a conventional copper fine wire.
3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, and 4C, the horizontal axis represents the mandrel diameter (mm), and the vertical axis represents the number of times of bending (the number of times of bending until breaking) in logarithm. The number of times of bending is the average of the results of performing the bending test five times for each sample. In addition, all the tests were performed on a PVC-coated wire.
[0023]
First, with reference to FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, a description will be given of a stranded wire using a pure aluminum thin wire having the composition of Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 as a strand and a stranded wire of a conventional copper thin wire.
In FIG. 4A,-◆-is a conventional example, which is a 0.3 sq (mm 2 ) copper stranded wire in which a 0.26 mmφ copper fine wire is used as a strand and seven strands are twisted. -▲-is a comparative example, which is a pure aluminum stranded wire of 0.3 sq (mm 2 ) in which a pure aluminum fine wire having a composition of Comparative Example 1 having a diameter of 0.26 mmφ is used as a strand and seven strands are twisted. In both the conventional example and the comparative example, a 0.3 mm-thick PVC coating was performed and evaluated as an electric wire having an outer diameter of 1.4 mm.
As shown in FIG. 4A, in the conventional copper stranded wire (-(-), the number of bending times is 1946 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 2988 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and 7507 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. The bending number was 21384 times when the mandrel diameter was 60 mmφ. In the stranded wire of pure aluminum (-▲-) of the comparative example, the number of times of bending was 448 times for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 815 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, 1,636 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ, and 4,899 times for a mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ. Met. Thus, the plied wire of pure aluminum was inferior in flexibility to the stranded copper wire of the conventional example.
[0024]
In FIG. 4B,-■-is a conventional example, which is a 0.5 sq (mm 2 ) copper stranded wire obtained by using a fine copper wire of 0.32 mmφ as a strand and twisting seven strands. -▲-is a comparative example, which is a 0.5 sq (mm 2 ) pure aluminum stranded wire in which a pure aluminum fine wire having a composition of Comparative Example 1 having a diameter of 0.32 mmφ is used as a strand and seven strands are twisted. In both the conventional example and the comparative example, a 0.3 mm-thick PVC coating was performed and evaluated as an electric wire having an outer diameter of 1.6 mm.
As shown in FIG. 4 (b), in the conventional copper stranded wire (-■-), the number of bending times is 1821 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, the number of bending times is 1994 for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and the number of bending times is 5055 for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. In the case of the mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ, the number of bending was 11,102 times. In the stranded wire (-▲-) of the pure aluminum of the comparative example, the number of times of bending was 350 times for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 482 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, 1095 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ, and 2309 times for a mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ. Met. As described above, in the pure aluminum stranded wire, even if the strand is 0.32 mmφ, the flexibility is inferior to that of the conventional copper stranded wire.
[0025]
In FIG. 4C,-■-is a conventional example, which is a 0.85 sq (mm 2 ) copper twisted wire obtained by twisting 19 wires by using a fine copper wire of 0.24 mmφ. -▲-is a comparative example, which is a pure aluminum stranded wire of 0.85 sq (mm 2 ) obtained by twisting 19 strands with a pure aluminum fine wire having a composition of Comparative Example 1 having a diameter of 0.24 mmφ. In both the conventional example and the comparative example, a 0.3 mm-thick PVC coating was performed and evaluated as an electric wire having an outer diameter of 1.8 mm.
As shown in FIG. 4 (c), in the conventional copper stranded wire (-■-), the number of bending times is 1664 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 2163 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and 9030 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. The bending frequency was 12272 times when the mandrel diameter was 60 mmφ. In the stranded wire of pure aluminum (-▲-) of the comparative example, the number of bending times was 670 for the mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 833 for the mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, 1574 for the mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ, and 7283 for the mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ. Met. As described above, in the pure aluminum stranded wire, even if the strand is 0.24 mmφ, the flexibility is inferior to that of the conventional copper stranded wire.
[0026]
As described above, in the stranded wire using the pure aluminum fine wire of the composition of Comparative Example 1 as the element wire, the number of stranded wires is not limited to any of the fine wire sizes of 0.26 mmφ, 0.32 mmφ, and 0.24 mmφ. In each of the seven cases and the nineteen cases, the number of times of bending was inferior to that of the stranded copper wire.
Further, in FIG. 4A, the number of times of bending at the mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ of the stranded wire of the pure aluminum fine wire having the composition of Comparative Example 1 is almost the same as the number of times of bending at the mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ of the copper stranded wire. This indicates that when wiring in an automobile, a copper stranded wire can be bent to correspond to a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, but a pure aluminum fine wire stranded wire can only be bent to correspond to a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. In the case of a stranded pure aluminum thin wire, there is a restriction in mounting that the wiring cannot be performed with a required bending diameter. In order to solve such a problem, an aluminum wire having a composition specified in the present invention is twisted as a strand to form an aluminum wire for an automobile wire harness, which will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
[0027]
FIGS. 3A and 3B show the results of comparison between the stranded wire of the present invention and the stranded wire of the conventional copper fine wire.
In FIG. 3A,-◆-is a conventional example, which is a 0.3 sq (mm 2 ) copper stranded wire obtained by twisting seven strands with a thin copper wire of 0.26 mmφ as a strand.
-▲-is a 0.3 sq (mm 2 ) stranded wire in which a 0.26 mm fine wire of an alloy having the composition shown as Example 1 of the present invention in Table 1 is used as a strand and seven strands are twisted. . Both the present invention example and the conventional example were coated with 0.3 mm thick PVC and evaluated as an electric wire having an outer diameter of 1.4 mm.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 3 (a), in the conventional copper stranded wire (-◆-), the number of bending times is 1946 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 2988 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and 7507 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. In contrast to the mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ, the number of bending times is 21,384, whereas in the present invention example (-▲-), the number of bending times is 2,852 times for the mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, the number of bending times is 4,254 for the mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and the number of bending times is 4,775 for the mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. The number of bending times is 15867 when the mandrel diameter is 60 mmφ.
[0029]
In FIG. 3B,-■-is a conventional example, which is a 0.5 sq (mm 2 ) copper stranded wire in which a 0.32 mm φ fine copper wire is used as a strand and seven strands are twisted.
-●-is a 0.5 sq (mm 2 ) stranded wire in which a 0.32 mmφ fine wire of the alloy having the composition shown as Example 1 of the present invention in Table 1 is used as a strand, and seven strands are twisted. . Both the present invention example and the conventional example were coated with 0.3 mm thick PVC and evaluated as an electric wire having an outer diameter of 1.6 mm.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 3 (b), in the conventional copper stranded wire (-■-), the number of bending times is 1821 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, the number of bending times is 1994 for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and the number of bending times is 5055 for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. While the number of bending times is 11102 for a mandrel diameter of 60 mmφ, the number of bending times is 2001 for a mandrel diameter of 20 mmφ, 2,793 times for a mandrel diameter of 25 mmφ, and 3641 times for a mandrel diameter of 40 mmφ. When the mandrel diameter is 60 mmφ, the number of times of bending is 7430 times.
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the stranded wire of the present invention has the same level of flexibility as the copper stranded wire of the conventional example, and in particular, the mandrel diameter is 20 mmφ and 25 mmφ. Then, the stranded wire of the example of the present invention showed better flexibility than the copper stranded wire of the conventional example.
[0031]
As described above, an aluminum fine wire having the composition specified in the present invention as a strand is excellent in workability at the time of drawing, electrical conductivity (%), twistability (whether or not twisted wire processing is possible), and bending resistance. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the twisted wire obtained by twisting the aluminum wire having the composition specified in the present invention as the element wire has the same level of flexibility as the conventional copper twisted wire. It has. This means that when wiring inside an automobile, it can be routed with the same bending diameter as conventional copper stranded wires and can be mounted in the same way. It has characteristics comparable to lines.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the aluminum electric wire for an automobile wire harness of the present invention, the weight is reduced by the use of aluminum wire, and the workability at the time of drawing, the conductivity (%), the twisting property (whether or not the twisting wire processing is possible). It is excellent in bending resistance, and is much easier to recycle than copper wire harness conductors, and has useful effects such as cleanliness without generation of harmful substances to the environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a bending test. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the number of bendings of a strand. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the present invention and is a comparison diagram of a bending test. FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the present invention. Comparison drawing of the bending test in the explanatory diagram of [Description of symbols]
1 sample (element wire or stranded wire)
3 Mandrel 4, 5 Connecting device

Claims (1)

Fe:0.6wt%以下、Si:0.2〜1.0wt%、Mg:0.2〜1.0wt%の成分を含み、残部がアルミニウムおよび不可避不純物からなるアルミ細線を素線とし、前記素線を撚り合わせてなることを特徴とする自動車ワイヤハーネス用アルミ電線。Fe: 0.6 wt% or less, Si: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, Mg: 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, and the remainder is a thin aluminum wire composed of aluminum and unavoidable impurities, Aluminum wire for automobile wire harness, characterized by twisting strands.
JP2002297107A 2002-10-10 2002-10-10 Aluminum wire for automobile wire harness Expired - Fee Related JP4477295B2 (en)

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