JP2004115453A - Germicidal agent - Google Patents

Germicidal agent Download PDF

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JP2004115453A
JP2004115453A JP2002282487A JP2002282487A JP2004115453A JP 2004115453 A JP2004115453 A JP 2004115453A JP 2002282487 A JP2002282487 A JP 2002282487A JP 2002282487 A JP2002282487 A JP 2002282487A JP 2004115453 A JP2004115453 A JP 2004115453A
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extract
momotamana
leaves
fungicide
extraction
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JP3726135B2 (en
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Yoko Aniya
安仁屋 洋子
Fusae Takamine
高嶺 房枝
Toshio Ichiba
市場 俊雄
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University of the Ryukyus NUC
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University of the Ryukyus NUC
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new germicidal agent having no mutagenicity, especially effective against MRSA. <P>SOLUTION: The germicidal agent contains an extract of leaves of Terminalia catappa L. as an active ingredient. Preferable example of the germicidal agent is the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of the Terminalia catappa L. with water or ethanol at 80-100°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Another preferable example of the germicidal agent contains quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, chebulagic acid and corilagin. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、殺菌剤に関し、特にモモタマナの葉の抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、植物由来の抗菌物質が明らかにされ、中でも緑茶については多くの研究があり、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)及び多くの下痢起炎菌の発育を阻止するカテキンはよく研究されている。また、病原性グラム陽性菌に対する抗菌活性が、多くの植物、例えばミ ロバランノキ(Terminalia chebula)において報告されている(非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
これに対し、モモタマナ(Terminalia catappa L.)は、ミロバランノキと同じシクンシ(Terminalia)科に属し沖縄等に自生する植物であるが、該モモタマナから殺菌物質を分離したとの報告はこれまでなされていない。
【0004】
一方、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)に対して有効な薬剤としては、バンコマイシンが存在するのみであり、新規な殺菌剤の開発が要望されている。
【0005】
また、殺菌剤・抗菌剤の中には、殺菌・抗菌効果を有するものの、変異原性を有するため、使用に制限のあるものがある。従って、新規な殺菌剤を開発するに当っては、変異原性にも充分留意する必要がある。
【0006】
【非特許文献1】
グローバー・アイ・エス(Grover IS)及びバラ・エス(Bala S),”ネズミチフス菌におけるターミナリア・チェブラ(ミロバラン)の抗変異原活性(Antimutagenic activity of Terminalia chebula (myroblan) in Salmonella typhimurium)”,「 インディアン・ジャーナル・オブ・エクスペアリメンタル・バイオロジー(Indian Journal of Experimental Biology )」,1992年,30号,p.339−341
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、変異原性を有さない新規な殺菌剤、特にMRSAに対し有効な殺菌剤を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、モモタマナの葉の抽出物が殺菌効果及び抗変異原活性を有することを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明の殺菌剤は、モモタマナの葉の抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明の殺菌剤の好適例においては、前記抽出物は、モモタマナの葉を水又はエタノールで抽出した抽出物である。
【0011】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出を、80〜100℃で行う。
【0012】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出を、窒素雰囲気下で行う。
【0013】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、該殺菌剤が液状の場合、前記モモタマナの葉の抽出物の濃度が6.25〜46000μg/mLである。
【0014】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出物は、モモタマナの葉100質量%から14〜46質量%の割合で得られたものである。
【0015】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出物は、下記式(I)で表される化合物、下記式(II)で表される化合物、下記式(III)で表される化合物及び下記式(IV)で表される化合物を含有する。
【化5】

Figure 2004115453
【化6】
Figure 2004115453
【化7】
Figure 2004115453
【化8】
Figure 2004115453
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明で用いるモモタマナ(Terminalia catappa L.)は、シクシン(Terminalia)科の高木で、別名「コバデイシ」とも呼ばれる。該モモタマナは、沖縄、小笠原諸島、東南アジア及び南太平洋の海岸等に広く生育している。
【0017】
本発明では、上記モモタマナの葉を採取し、溶媒で抽出した抽出物を用いる。抽出の前処理として、モモタマナの葉を破砕することが好ましく、破砕により効率よく抽出を行うことができる。抽出に用いる溶媒としては、水、エタノール、水/エタノール混合液、プロパノール、アセトン、メタノール等が挙げられ、この中でも、抽出効率及び安全性の観点から、水、エタノール、水/エタノール混合液が好ましい。
【0018】
上記抽出は、80〜100℃で加温して行うのが好ましく、80℃未満では、抽出効率が低く、100℃を超えると、抽出物が化学変化することがある。
【0019】
上記抽出は、空気、酸素を窒素で置換し、窒素ガスを充満した容器中、即ち窒素雰囲気下で行うのが好ましい。窒素雰囲気下で抽出を行う方が、空気中で抽出を行うよりも、安定性及び抽出効率が良い。
【0020】
抽出後は、遠心分離により固相と液相に分離したり、又はろ過を行うことにより、モモタマナの葉の残骸と抽出液とを分離する。なお、抽出液中には後述するようにポリフェノール類が存在するため、抽出液は酸性を示す。そこで、使用目的に応じてNaOH水溶液等で抽出液を中和してもよい。
【0021】
上記抽出物は、水又はエタノールを溶媒として抽出した場合、水又はエタノール抽出液としてそのまま用いてもよいが、抽出物を精製して用いることもできる。例えば、加温下で抽出液を減圧濃縮した後、凍結乾燥を行って、抽出物の精製品を得る。
【0022】
例えば、窒素雰囲気下で、上述の好適温度範囲で、好適抽出溶媒を用い、モモタマナの葉1gに対し抽出溶媒10mLを用いて抽出を行った場合、得られた抽出液を乾燥させると、0.14〜0.46gの抽出物が得られる。従って、好適抽出条件下で得られる抽出物の割合は、モモタマナの葉100質量%に対し14〜46質量%である。
【0023】
上記抽出物は、エロモナス ハイドロフィラ(Aeromonas hydrophila)、エロモナス キャビエ(Aeromonas caviae)、エロモナス ソブリア(Aeromonas sobria)、バチルス メガテリウム ATCC 6630(Bacillus megaterium ATCC 6630)、バチルスズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、 エンテロコッカス フェカーリス ATCC 29212(Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212)、 エンテロコッカス アビウム R252(Enterococcus avium R252)、病原血清型大腸菌O111(Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O111)、プロテウス ミラビリス(Proteus mirabilis)、プロビデンシア ストゥアーティ SY2(Providencia stuarti SY2)、 シュードモナス エルギノーザ ATCC 27853(Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853)、セラチア マルセッセンス(Serratia marcescens)、 チフス菌(Salmonella typhi)、 パラチフスA菌(Salmonella paratyphi A)、 パラチフスB菌(Salmonella paratyphi B)、フレクスナー赤痢菌(Shigella flexneri)、ソンネ赤痢菌(Shigella sonnei)、黄色ブドウ球菌ATCC 25923(Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923)、黄色ブドウ球菌FDA 209P(Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P)、黄色ブドウ球菌 MRSA J3(Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3)、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、コレラ菌 C154 (クラシカル)(Vibrio cholerae C154 (classical))、コレラ菌 A−85 (E1−Tor)(Vibrio cholerae A−85 (E1−Tor))、エルシニア エンテロコリチカ血清型O−3(Yersinia enterocolitica sero type O−3)等に対して抗菌及び殺菌効果を有する。本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉の抽出物は、上記のようにグラム陽性菌のみならず、グラム陰性菌に対しても強い活性を有するため、該抽出物は感染症治療薬としても有効である。
【0024】
特に、本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉の抽出物は、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)に対しても抗菌及び殺菌効果を有するため、該抽出物はMRSA治療薬として有効である。また、MRSAに対する消毒液としても有効である。MRSA用薬剤として用いる場合、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液は、濃縮してペースト化、乾燥化又は乳化等が可能なため、剤型は特に限定されず、錠剤、粉末、液体であってよい。
【0025】
本発明の殺菌剤は、有効成分である上記モモタマナの葉の抽出物を含み、必要に応じて他の成分を含む。他の成分としては、殺菌剤を液状で用いる場合は、水、エタノール、プロパノール、グリセロール等の溶媒が挙げられる。ここで、液状殺菌剤中のモモタマナの葉の抽出物の濃度は、6.25〜46000μg/mLが好ましく、6.25〜6000μg/mLがより好ましく、12.5〜1000μg/mLが特に好ましい。6.25μg/mL未満では、殺菌効果が充分でなく、46000μg/mLを超えると、殺菌効果が飽和する。また、本発明の殺菌剤を錠剤等の固体状で用いる場合は、他の成分としては、通常の医薬用配合剤が挙げられる。
【0026】
また、上記モモタマナの葉の抽出物は、変異原性を有さず、むしろ抗変異原性(変異阻害活性)を有する。従って、該抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤は、副作用が少なく、安全である。
【0027】
本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉の抽出物は、上記のように種々の菌に対して殺菌効果を有し、更に抗変異原性を有するため、種々のアイテムに配合することにより、人体に対し安全で且つ殺菌性を発現させることができる。ここで、アイテムとしては、化粧料、フィルター等が挙げられる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、 本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0029】
(抽出液の調製)
60℃の温風で乾燥させたモモタマナの葉を、5mmのワイヤメッシュを具えたブレンダーで破砕した。該破砕物1gに蒸留水10mLを加え、37℃で1時間振盪した。次に、10,000×gで10分間遠心した後、上清を採取し、10% NaOH水溶液を用いて、該上清のpHを7.0±0.1に調整した。最後に、孔径0.22μmのメンブレンフィルターを用いて濾過し、濾液を10%水抽出液として使用した。
【0030】
(凍結乾燥標品の調製)
破砕されたモモタマナの葉530gを蒸留水5300mLに加え、90℃で1時間インキュベートした。次に、濾紙(TOYO, 5C)を用いて濾過し、濾液を70℃で減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥を行った。該凍結乾燥標品を適宜秤量し、蒸留水に溶解させて使用した。
【0031】
(抽出液の成分分析)
乾燥したモモタマナの葉70gをエタノールに加え、100℃、1500psiで10分間抽出を行った。なお、抽出回数は2回である。抽出液を減圧下で濃縮し、エタノールを除去後蒸留水に懸濁させ三菱化学製合成樹脂DIAION HP20カラム(40mm×150mmガラスオープンカラム)に通した。カラムを水で洗浄した後、メタノール濃度を上げながら吸着物を溶出させた。溶出フラクションは、1,1−ジフェニル−2−ピクリルヒドラジル(DPPH)により抗酸化活性を測定し、活性を示した3フラクション(40%、60%、80%MeOH溶出)をまとめた後、東ソー製TOYOPEARL HW40F(20mm×500mm)又は三鬼エンジニアリング製遠心向流クロマトグラフィー装置(CPC)を用いて分離を行った。
【0032】
まず、HW40F(75%MeOH)で分離して3つのフラクションを得た。各フラクションをウォターズ製HPLC装置(送液部:600E、検出器:UV9486、データ処理:Millennium32)を用いウォターズ製Symmetry C18カラム(19mm×300mm、7μm)で精製したところ、化合物A、B、Cが得られた。一方、CPC(酢酸エチル/水)で分離したところ2つのフラクションが得られた。一方のフラクションをHPLCで精製することにより化合物Cを得た。もう一方のフラクションをHW40F(75%MeOH)に通し、更にHPLCで精製することにより化合物Dを得た。
【0033】
H−NMR、13C−NMR、APCI−LR−MSで分析したところ、化合物Aは下記式(I)で表されるケルセチン−3−ガラクトシド(quercetin−3−galactoside)で、化合物Bは下記式(II)で表されるケルセチン−3−グルコシド(quercetin−3−glucoside, isoquercetin)で、化合物Cは下記式(III)で表されるケブラジック酸(Chebulagic acid)で、化合物Dは下記式(IV)で表されるコリラジン(Corilagin)であることが確認された。
【0034】
【化9】
Figure 2004115453
【化10】
Figure 2004115453
【化11】
Figure 2004115453
【化12】
Figure 2004115453
【0035】
(抗菌活性テスト)
(1)ディスク法
表1に記載の各菌をミューラーヒントンブロス(Difco)で培養し、生理食塩水で10cfu/mLに調整し、ミューラーヒントン寒天培地に接種した。予め乾熱滅菌したディスク(直径8mm、東洋ろ紙)に、上記10%水抽出液50μLを滴下し乾燥させた。次に、該ディスクを、前記被験菌を接種した倍地上に置き、37℃で一晩培養した。培養後、ディスク周囲に出現した阻止円の直径を、ノギスを用いて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
(2)最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)
日本化学療法標準法(日本化学療法学会編(1981):最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)測定法再改定について, Chemotherapy 29: 76−79)に準拠して、最小発育阻止濃度を寒天平板希釈法にて測定した。接種菌量は10cfu/mLで、培地にはミューラーヒントン寒天培地(Difco)を用いた。なお、MICは細菌の発育を阻止する最も低い濃度で表した。結果を表1に示す。また、上記凍結乾燥標品を用いMICを測定し、タンニン酸(Tannic acid)及び没食子酸(gallic acid)のMICと比較した。結果を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
Figure 2004115453
【0038】
表1の結果から、モモタマナの葉の抽出物は、病原性グラム陽性菌及びグラム陰性菌に対し抗菌性を有し、食中毒等の腸管下痢症の起炎菌、 シュードモナス、セラチア、MRSA等の院内感染菌の増殖を阻害することが分かる。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 2004115453
【0040】
表2の結果から、モモタマナの葉の抽出物は、タンニン酸及び没食子酸に比べ、エロモナス、バチルス、プロテウス、プロビデンシア、ブドウ球菌、赤痢菌及びコレラ菌に対して抗菌活性が強いことが分かる。
【0041】
(MRSAに対するMIC値測定)
表1及び表2の結果より、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液が黄色ブドウ球菌に抗菌活性を示すことが明らかになったので、表3に示す7株のMRSAに対して上記と同様の方法でMIC値を測定し、バンコマイシン等の8種の薬剤と比較した。結果を表3に示す。
【0042】
【表3】
Figure 2004115453
【0043】
表3より、モモタマナの葉の抽出物は、概ねバンコマイシンに次いで低いMIC値を示し、抗菌活性が強いことが分かる。
【0044】
(生菌数の測定)
抗菌テストでモモタマナの葉の抽出物に対して感受性であった、グラム陽性菌の黄色ブドウ球菌 MRSA J3、黄色ブドウ球菌 FDA 209P及び表皮ブドウ球菌と、グラム陰性菌のフレクスナー赤痢菌、 パラチフスA菌及びコレラ菌 C154とを被験菌とした。対数増殖期の培養菌を1:10まで希釈した。この菌浮遊液1mLに上記10%水抽出液を等量加え混合した後、37℃でインキュベートした。適宜取り出し、希釈後生菌数を混釈法により、ミューラーヒントン寒天培地を用いて測定した。結果を図1に示す。
【0045】
図1より、0.63%以上の濃度のモモタマナ葉水抽出液で24時間処理することにより総ての菌が死滅することが分かる。また、この結果から、上記発育阻止能が殺菌によるものであることが分かる。
【0046】
(抗変異原試験)
Ames法により変異原性を試験した。変異原にはアジ化ナトリウム(NaN)と代謝酵素賦活型の2−AFを使用した。菌株はネズミチフス菌LT−2(Salmonella Typhimurium LT−2)株由来TA97a、TA98(フレームシフト試験株)、TA100(塩基対置換試験株:カリフォルニア大学バークレイ校のAmes BN博士より分与)を用いた。新鮮培養菌0.1mLに変異原0.1mL及びモモタマナの葉の水抽出液0.1mLを加え、37℃で20分間インキュベートした後、0.5mMのヒスチジン/ビオチン含有の上層軟寒天培地2mLを加え、予め作製した最小培地からなる下層培地に重層した。37℃で48時間培養した後、出現した復帰変異株のコロニーを計数した。同時に、陽性コントロール(変異原のみ)、陰性コントロール(モモタマナの葉の抽出液のみ)についても試験した。S9依存性の変異原2−AFの場合は、0.5mLのS9、0.1mLの菌液、変異原0.1mL及びモモタマナの葉の抽出液を加え、同様に行った。コントロールはS9の代わりにリン酸緩衝液を使用した。復帰変異株の計数は48時間後に行った。活性は、次の式を用いて求めた。結果を図2に示す。
【0047】
式:活性(%)=(a−b)×100/(a−c)
(式中、aは変異原の作用のみで誘導されたコロニー数、bは抽出液存在下の変異原の作用で出現したコロニー数、cはモモタマナの葉の水抽出液の作用のみで出現したコロニー数である。)
【0048】
図2より、直接作用性変異原NaNによって生じる塩基置換型の復帰変異株の生成が最大68%阻害され、S9依存性の2−AFによって生じるフレームシフト型変異株の生成が最大100%阻害されることが分かる。この結果から、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液は、変異原性を有さないだけではなく、むしろ抗変異原活性を有することが分かる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、種々の菌に対し抗菌・殺菌作用を有し、特にMRSA殺菌作用を有し、変異原性を有さず、むしろ抗変異原活性を有する殺菌剤が提供でき、かかる殺菌剤を用いることにより、殺菌性が高く、人体に対して害の無い化粧料、フィルター等の様々な商品が提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】生菌数の測定結果である。
【図2】抗変異原試験の測定結果である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fungicide, and more particularly, to a fungicide containing an extract of Momotamana leaf as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, plant-derived antibacterial substances have been elucidated, among which many studies have been made on green tea, and catechins that inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and many diarrhea-causing bacteria. Is well studied. In addition, antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram-positive bacteria has been reported in many plants, for example, Myralia arborea (Terminaria chebula) (see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0003]
On the other hand, Momotamana (Terminaria catappa L.) is a plant belonging to the same family as the cypress (Terminaria) and is native to Okinawa and the like, but has not been reported to have isolated fungicides from the Momotamana. .
[0004]
On the other hand, as a drug effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), only vancomycin is present, and development of a new fungicide is demanded.
[0005]
Some bactericides and antibacterial agents have a bactericidal / antibacterial effect, but have mutagenicity, and thus have limited use. Therefore, in developing a new fungicide, it is necessary to pay close attention to the mutagenicity.
[0006]
[Non-patent document 1]
Grover IS and Bala S, "Antimutagenic activity of Termaria cherubula (myroblan)"・ Journal of Expertial Biology ”, 1992, No. 30, p. 339-341
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel fungicide having no mutagenicity, particularly a fungicide effective against MRSA.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that an extract of Momotamana leaf has a bactericidal effect and an antimutagenic activity, and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the bactericide of the present invention is characterized by using an extract of Momotamana leaves as an active ingredient.
[0010]
In a preferred example of the fungicide of the present invention, the extract is an extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana with water or ethanol.
[0011]
In another preferred embodiment of the bactericide of the present invention, the extraction is performed at 80 to 100 ° C.
[0012]
In another preferred embodiment of the bactericide of the present invention, the extraction is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
[0013]
In another preferable example of the fungicide of the present invention, when the fungicide is in a liquid state, the concentration of the extract of Momotamana leaf is 6.25 to 46000 μg / mL.
[0014]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide of the present invention, the extract is obtained at a ratio of 100 to 14 to 46% by mass of leaves of Momotamana.
[0015]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide of the present invention, the extract is a compound represented by the following formula (I), a compound represented by the following formula (II), a compound represented by the following formula (III) And a compound represented by the following formula (IV).
Embedded image
Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Momotamana (Terminaria catappa L.) used in the present invention is a tree belonging to the family Sixin (Terminaria), and is also referred to as “Kobadeshi”. The momotamana grows widely on the coasts of Okinawa, the Ogasawara Islands, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.
[0017]
In the present invention, an extract obtained by collecting the leaves of the above momotamana and extracting the leaves with a solvent is used. As a pretreatment for the extraction, it is preferable to crush the leaves of Momotamana, and the crushing allows efficient extraction. Examples of the solvent used for the extraction include water, ethanol, a mixed solution of water / ethanol, propanol, acetone, and methanol. Among them, water, ethanol, and a mixed solution of water / ethanol are preferable from the viewpoint of extraction efficiency and safety. .
[0018]
The above-mentioned extraction is preferably carried out by heating at 80 to 100 ° C. If it is lower than 80 ° C, the extraction efficiency is low, and if it exceeds 100 ° C, the extract may undergo a chemical change.
[0019]
The extraction is preferably performed in a vessel filled with nitrogen gas by replacing air and oxygen with nitrogen, that is, under a nitrogen atmosphere. Extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere has better stability and extraction efficiency than extraction in air.
[0020]
After the extraction, the extract is separated into the solid phase and the liquid phase by centrifugation, or the extract is separated from the debris of Momotamana leaf by filtration. Since polyphenols are present in the extract as described later, the extract shows an acidity. Therefore, the extract may be neutralized with an aqueous NaOH solution or the like according to the purpose of use.
[0021]
When the extract is extracted with water or ethanol as a solvent, the extract may be used as it is as a water or ethanol extract, or the extract may be purified and used. For example, the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure under heating, and then freeze-dried to obtain a purified extract.
[0022]
For example, when 1 g of Momotamana leaves is extracted with 10 mL of an extraction solvent in a nitrogen atmosphere using a suitable extraction solvent in the above-mentioned suitable temperature range, the obtained extract is dried. 14-0.46 g of extract are obtained. Therefore, the ratio of the extract obtained under suitable extraction conditions is 14 to 46% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the leaves of Momotamana.
[0023]
The above extracts were obtained from Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Bacillus megaterium ATCC saccharus ATCC 6630 (Bacillus megabacillus ATCC Bacillus bacillus bacterium bacillus) Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Enterococcus avium R252 (Enterococcus avium R252), pathogenic serotype Escherichia coli O111 (Enteropathyogenic Escherichia coli O111), Proteus mirabi Scan (Proteus mirabilis), Providencia Studios artistic SY2 (Providencia stuarti SY2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), Serratia marcescens (Serratia marcescens), Salmonella typhi (Salmonella typhi), paratyphoid A bacteria (Salmonella paratyphi A), Salmonella paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2). 923), Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P (Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3 (Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (Staphylococci epicardio cerevisiae Cladericola cerevisiae, C. staphylococcus epidermicis) Antibacterial and bactericidal effects on Vibrio cholerae A-85 (E1-Tor), Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O-3 (Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O-3) and the like. Have. As described above, the extract of Momotamana leaf used in the present invention has a strong activity not only against gram-positive bacteria but also against gram-negative bacteria, and thus the extract is also effective as a therapeutic drug for infectious diseases.
[0024]
In particular, the extract of Momotamana leaf used in the present invention also has an antibacterial and bactericidal effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), so that the extract is effective as an MRSA therapeutic agent. It is also effective as a disinfectant for MRSA. When used as an agent for MRSA, the aqueous extract of peach leaves can be concentrated and pasted, dried, or emulsified. Therefore, the dosage form is not particularly limited, and may be tablets, powders, or liquids.
[0025]
The fungicide of the present invention contains the above extract of Momotamana leaf, which is an active ingredient, and may contain other components as necessary. As the other components, when the germicide is used in a liquid form, a solvent such as water, ethanol, propanol, or glycerol can be used. Here, the concentration of the extract of Momotamana leaf in the liquid fungicide is preferably from 6.25 to 46000 μg / mL, more preferably from 6.25 to 6000 μg / mL, particularly preferably from 12.5 to 1000 μg / mL. If it is less than 6.25 μg / mL, the bactericidal effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 46000 μg / mL, the bactericidal effect is saturated. When the bactericide of the present invention is used in the form of a solid such as a tablet, other ingredients include ordinary pharmaceutical ingredients.
[0026]
In addition, the extract of Momotamana leaf does not have mutagenicity, but rather has antimutagenicity (mutagenic activity). Therefore, a bactericide containing the extract as an active ingredient is safe with few side effects.
[0027]
The extract of Momotamana leaf used in the present invention has a bactericidal effect against various bacteria as described above, and has anti-mutagenic properties. Therefore, it is safe for the human body by being added to various items. And exhibit bactericidal properties. Here, examples of the item include cosmetics and filters.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
[0029]
(Preparation of extract)
Momotamana leaves dried with warm air at 60 ° C. were crushed by a blender equipped with a 5 mm wire mesh. To 1 g of the crushed product, 10 mL of distilled water was added, and the mixture was shaken at 37 ° C for 1 hour. Next, after centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the pH of the supernatant was adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.1 using a 10% aqueous NaOH solution. Finally, the solution was filtered using a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.22 μm, and the filtrate was used as a 10% aqueous extract.
[0030]
(Preparation of freeze-dried sample)
530 g of crushed Momotamana leaves were added to 5300 mL of distilled water, and incubated at 90 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, the mixture was filtered using filter paper (TOYO, 5C), and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. and freeze-dried. The freeze-dried sample was weighed appropriately and dissolved in distilled water before use.
[0031]
(Component analysis of extract)
70 g of dried Momotamana leaves were added to ethanol, and extraction was performed at 100 ° C. and 1500 psi for 10 minutes. The number of extractions is two. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure. After removing ethanol, the extract was suspended in distilled water and passed through a synthetic resin DIAION HP20 column (40 mm × 150 mm glass open column) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. After washing the column with water, the adsorbate was eluted while increasing the methanol concentration. The eluted fractions were measured for antioxidant activity with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the three fractions (40%, 60%, 80% MeOH eluted) that showed activity were collected, Separation was performed using TOYOPEARL HW40F (20 mm x 500 mm) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation or a centrifugal countercurrent chromatography device (CPC) manufactured by Miki Engineering.
[0032]
First, three fractions were obtained by separation with HW40F (75% MeOH). Each fraction was purified using a Waters Symmetry C18 column (19 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm) using a Waters HPLC apparatus (liquid sending unit: 600E, detector: UV9486, data processing: Millennium 32). Compounds A, B, and C were purified. Obtained. On the other hand, separation by CPC (ethyl acetate / water) yielded two fractions. Compound C was obtained by purifying one of the fractions by HPLC. The other fraction was passed through HW40F (75% MeOH) and further purified by HPLC to give compound D.
[0033]
When analyzed by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and APCI-LR-MS, compound A was quercetin-3-galactoside represented by the following formula (I), and compound B was Quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercetin) represented by the formula (II), compound C is chebulagic acid represented by the following formula (III), and compound D is represented by the following formula ( It was confirmed to be corillazine represented by (IV).
[0034]
Embedded image
Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
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Figure 2004115453
[0035]
(Antibacterial activity test)
(1) culturing the bacterium according to the disc method Table 1 in Mueller Hinton broth (Difco), adjusted to 10 6 cfu / mL with physiological saline, it was inoculated into Mueller-Hinton agar. 50 μL of the above 10% water extract was dropped on a disk (diameter 8 mm, Toyo filter paper) previously sterilized by dry heat and dried. Next, the disk was placed on the ground inoculated with the test bacteria, and cultured at 37 ° C. overnight. After culturing, the diameter of the inhibition circle that appeared around the disk was measured using a caliper. Table 1 shows the results.
[0036]
(2) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
The minimum growth inhibitory concentration was determined by the agar plate dilution method in accordance with the Japanese Chemotherapy Standard Method (Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (1981): Revision of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement method, Chemotherapy 29: 76-79). Measured. The amount of inoculated bacteria was 10 6 cfu / mL, and a Mueller Hinton agar medium (Difco) was used as a medium. In addition, MIC was represented by the lowest concentration that inhibits the growth of bacteria. Table 1 shows the results. The MIC was measured using the freeze-dried sample, and compared with the MICs of tannic acid (tannic acid) and gallic acid (gallic acid). Table 2 shows the results.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004115453
[0038]
From the results shown in Table 1, the extract of Momotamana leaves has antibacterial properties against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, and is used in hospitals such as pathogenic bacteria for intestinal diarrhea such as food poisoning, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and MRSA. It can be seen that the growth of infectious bacteria is inhibited.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004115453
[0040]
From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the extract of leaves of Momotamana has a stronger antibacterial activity against Elomonas, Bacillus, Proteus, Providencia, Staphylococcus, Shigella and Cholera than tannic acid and gallic acid.
[0041]
(MIC value measurement for MRSA)
From the results in Tables 1 and 2, it was revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves of Momotamana exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the 7 strains of MRSA shown in Table 3 were treated in the same manner as described above. MIC values were measured and compared to eight drugs such as vancomycin. Table 3 shows the results.
[0042]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004115453
[0043]
From Table 3, it can be seen that the extract of Momotamana leaf shows the second lowest MIC value after vancomycin and the strongest antibacterial activity.
[0044]
(Measurement of viable cell count)
Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3, Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which were susceptible to the extract of Momota mana leaves in the antibacterial test, and Gram-negative bacteria Shigella flexneri, Paratyphi A and Vibrio cholerae C154 was used as a test bacterium. Exponentially growing cultures were diluted 1:10 5 . An equal amount of the above 10% aqueous extract was added to 1 mL of the bacterial suspension, mixed, and then incubated at 37 ° C. After being appropriately removed and diluted, the number of viable cells was measured by a pour method using a Mueller Hinton agar medium. The results are shown in FIG.
[0045]
From FIG. 1, it can be seen that all the bacteria are killed by treating with a peach moss leaf water extract having a concentration of 0.63% or more for 24 hours. In addition, the results show that the growth inhibitory ability is due to sterilization.
[0046]
(Anti-mutagenic test)
Mutagenicity was tested by the Ames method. As the mutagen, sodium azide (NaN 3 ) and metabolic enzyme activated 2-AF were used. The strains used were TA97a, TA98 (frameshift test strain), and TA100 (base pair replacement test strain: distributed from Dr. Ames BN of the University of California, Berkeley) derived from Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 strain. 0.1 mL of a mutagen and 0.1 mL of an aqueous extract of leaves of Momotamana were added to 0.1 mL of a fresh culture, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for 20 minutes. In addition, it was overlaid on the lower layer medium consisting of the previously prepared minimum medium. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 48 hours, the number of revertant colonies that appeared was counted. At the same time, a positive control (mutagens only) and a negative control (peach tamana leaf extract only) were also tested. In the case of the S9-dependent mutagen 2-AF, 0.5 mL of S9, 0.1 mL of the bacterial solution, 0.1 mL of the mutagen, and the extract of Momotamana leaf were added, and the same procedure was performed. The control used phosphate buffer instead of S9. Revertants were counted 48 hours later. Activity was determined using the following equation. FIG. 2 shows the results.
[0047]
Formula: activity (%) = (ab) × 100 / (ac)
(In the formula, a is the number of colonies induced only by the action of the mutagen, b is the number of colonies that appeared by the action of the mutagen in the presence of the extract, and c is the action only by the action of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Momotamana. It is the number of colonies.)
[0048]
From FIG. 2, it can be seen that the generation of the base substitution type revertant generated by the direct acting mutagen NaN 3 is inhibited by up to 68%, and the generation of the frameshift type mutant generated by S9-dependent 2-AF is inhibited by up to 100%. It is understood that it is done. From this result, it can be seen that the aqueous extract of Momotamana leaves not only has no mutagenic properties but rather has antimutagenic activity.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a bactericide having an antibacterial / bactericidal action against various bacteria, particularly having an MRSA bactericidal action, having no mutagenicity, but rather having an antimutagenic activity. By using the agent, it is possible to provide various products such as cosmetics and filters which have high bactericidal properties and are harmless to the human body.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the results of measuring the viable cell count.
FIG. 2 shows measurement results of an anti-mutagenic test.

Claims (7)

モモタマナの葉の抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤。A fungicide comprising an extract of Momotamana leaf as an active ingredient. 前記抽出物が、モモタマナの葉を水又はエタノールで抽出した抽出物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to claim 1, wherein the extract is an extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana with water or ethanol. 前記抽出を、80〜100℃で行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to claim 1, wherein the extraction is performed at 80 to 100 ° C. 4. 前記抽出を、窒素雰囲気下で行うことを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。The disinfectant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the extraction is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. 前記モモタマナの葉の抽出物の濃度が6.25〜46000μg/mLであることを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the concentration of the extract of the leaves of Momotamana is 6.25 to 46000 µg / mL. 前記抽出物は、モモタマナの葉100質量%から14〜46質量%の割合で得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the extract is obtained at a ratio of 100% by mass to 14 to 46% by mass of leaves of Momotamana. 前記抽出物が、下記式(I)で表される化合物、下記式(II)で表される化合物、下記式(III)で表される化合物及び下記式(IV)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
The extract contains a compound represented by the following formula (I), a compound represented by the following formula (II), a compound represented by the following formula (III) and a compound represented by the following formula (IV) The disinfectant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the disinfectant is used.
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
Figure 2004115453
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011013735A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 国立大学法人 岡山大学 Novel flavanone derivative
KR101899585B1 (en) * 2018-02-13 2018-09-17 한국화학연구원 Extract of sapium baccatum and composition for controlling bacterial wilt comprising the same as an active ingredient

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011013735A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 国立大学法人 岡山大学 Novel flavanone derivative
JP5680535B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2015-03-04 国立大学法人 岡山大学 New flavanone derivatives
KR101899585B1 (en) * 2018-02-13 2018-09-17 한국화학연구원 Extract of sapium baccatum and composition for controlling bacterial wilt comprising the same as an active ingredient

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EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term