JP3726135B2 - Fungicide - Google Patents

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JP3726135B2
JP3726135B2 JP2002282487A JP2002282487A JP3726135B2 JP 3726135 B2 JP3726135 B2 JP 3726135B2 JP 2002282487 A JP2002282487 A JP 2002282487A JP 2002282487 A JP2002282487 A JP 2002282487A JP 3726135 B2 JP3726135 B2 JP 3726135B2
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extract
momotamana
leaves
water
fungicide
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JP2004115453A (en
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洋子 安仁屋
房枝 高嶺
俊雄 市場
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国立大学法人 琉球大学
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、殺菌剤に関し、特にモモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、植物由来の抗菌物質が明らかにされ、中でも緑茶については多くの研究があり、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)及び多くの下痢起炎菌の発育を阻止するカテキンはよく研究されている。また、病原性グラム陽性菌に対する抗菌活性が、多くの植物、例えばミ ロバランノキ(Terminalia chebula)において報告されている(非特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
これに対し、モモタマナ(Terminalia catappa L.)は、ミロバランノキと同じシクンシ(Terminalia)科に属し沖縄等に自生する植物であるが、該モモタマナから殺菌物質を分離したとの報告はこれまでなされていない。
【0004】
一方、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)に対して有効な薬剤としては、バンコマイシンが存在するのみであり、新規な殺菌剤の開発が要望されている。
【0005】
また、殺菌剤・抗菌剤の中には、殺菌・抗菌効果を有するものの、変異原性を有するため、使用に制限のあるものがある。従って、新規な殺菌剤を開発するに当っては、変異原性にも充分留意する必要がある。
【0006】
【非特許文献1】
グローバー・アイ・エス(Grover IS)及びバラ・エス(Bala S),”ネズミチフス菌におけるターミナリア・チェブラ(ミロバラン)の抗変異原活性(Antimutagenic activity of Terminalia chebula (myroblan) in Salmonella typhimurium)”,「 インディアン・ジャーナル・オブ・エクスペアリメンタル・バイオロジー(Indian Journal of Experimental Biology )」,1992年,30号,p.339−341
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、変異原性を有さない新規な殺菌剤、特にMRSAに対し有効な殺菌剤を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、モモタマナの葉の抽出物が殺菌効果及び抗変異原活性を有することを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明の殺菌剤は、モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出を、80〜100℃で行う。
【0012】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出を、窒素雰囲気下で行う。
【0013】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、該殺菌剤が液状の場合、前記モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物の濃度が6.25〜46000μg/mLである。
【0014】
本発明の殺菌剤の他の好適例においては、前記抽出物は、モモタマナの葉100質量%から14〜46質量%の割合で得られたものである。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明で用いるモモタマナ(Terminalia catappa L.)は、シクシン(Terminalia)科の高木で、別名「コバデイシ」とも呼ばれる。該モモタマナは、沖縄、小笠原諸島、東南アジア及び南太平洋の海岸等に広く生育している。
【0017】
本発明では、上記モモタマナの葉を採取し、で抽出した抽出物を用いる。抽出の前処理として、モモタマナの葉を破砕することが好ましく、破砕により効率よく抽出を行うことができる。抽出に用いる溶媒は、抽出効率及び安全性の観点から、水である。
【0018】
上記抽出は、80〜100℃で加温して行うのが好ましく、80℃未満では、抽出効率が低く、100℃を超えると、抽出物が化学変化することがある。
【0019】
上記抽出は、空気、酸素を窒素で置換し、窒素ガスを充満した容器中、即ち窒素雰囲気下で行うのが好ましい。窒素雰囲気下で抽出を行う方が、空気中で抽出を行うよりも、安定性及び抽出効率が良い。
【0020】
抽出後は、遠心分離により固相と液相に分離したり、又はろ過を行うことにより、モモタマナの葉の残骸と抽出液とを分離する。なお、抽出液中には後述するようにポリフェノール類が存在するため、抽出液は酸性を示す。そこで、使用目的に応じてNaOH水溶液等で抽出液を中和してもよい。
【0021】
上記抽出物は、水抽出液としてそのまま用いてもよいが、抽出物を精製して用いることもできる。例えば、加温下で抽出液を減圧濃縮した後、凍結乾燥を行って、抽出物の精製品を得る。
【0022】
例えば、窒素雰囲気下で、上述の好適温度範囲で、を用い、モモタマナの葉1gに対し10mLを用いて抽出を行った場合、得られた抽出液を乾燥させると、0.14〜0.46gの抽出物が得られる。従って、好適抽出条件下で得られる抽出物の割合は、モモタマナの葉100質量%に対し14〜46質量%である。
【0023】
上記抽出物は、エロモナス ハイドロフィラ(Aeromonas hydrophila)、エロモナス キャビエ(Aeromonas caviae)、エロモナス ソブリア(Aeromonas sobria)、バチルス メガテリウム ATCC 6630(Bacillus megaterium ATCC 6630)、バチルス ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、エンテロコッカス フェカーリス ATCC 29212(Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212)、エンテロコッカス アビウム R252(Enterococcus avium R252)、病原血清型大腸菌O111(Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O111)、プロテウス ミラビリス(Proteus mirabilis)、プロビデンシア ストゥアーティ SY2(Providencia stuarti SY2)、シュードモナス エルギノーザ ATCC 27853(Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853)、セラチア マルセッセンス(Serratia marcescens)、チフス菌(Salmonella typhi)、パラチフスA菌(Salmonella paratyphi A)、パラチフスB菌(Salmonella paratyphi B)、フレクスナー赤痢菌(Shigella flexneri)、ソンネ赤痢菌(Shigella sonnei)、黄色ブドウ球菌ATCC 25923(Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923)、黄色ブドウ球菌 FDA 209P(Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P)、黄色ブドウ球菌 MRSA J3(Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3)、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、コレラ菌 C154 (クラシカル)(Vibrio cholerae C154 (classical))、コレラ菌 A-85 (E1-Tor)(Vibrio cholerae A-85 (E1-Tor))、エルシニア エンテロコリチカ血清型O-3(Yersinia enterocolitica sero type O-3)等に対して抗菌及び殺菌効果を有する。本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、上記のようにグラム陽性菌のみならず、グラム陰性菌に対しても強い活性を有するため、該抽出物は感染症治療薬としても有効である。
【0024】
特に、本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)に対しても抗菌及び殺菌効果を有するため、該抽出物はMRSA治療薬として有効である。また、MRSAに対する消毒液としても有効である。MRSA用薬剤として用いる場合、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液は、濃縮してペースト化、乾燥化又は乳化等が可能なため、剤型は特に限定されず、錠剤、粉末、液体であってよい。
【0025】
本発明の殺菌剤は、有効成分である上記モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物を含み、必要に応じて他の成分を含む。他の成分としては、殺菌剤を液状で用いる場合は、水、エタノール、プロパノール、グリセロール等の溶媒が挙げられる。ここで、液状殺菌剤中のモモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物の濃度は、6.25〜46000μg/mLが好ましく、6.25〜6000μg/mLがより好ましく、12.5〜1000μg/mLが特に好ましい。6.25μg/mL未満では、殺菌効果が充分でなく、46000μg/mLを超えると、殺菌効果が飽和する。また、本発明の殺菌剤を錠剤等の固体状で用いる場合は、他の成分としては、通常の医薬用配合剤が挙げられる。
【0026】
また、上記モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、変異原性を有さず、むしろ抗変異原性(変異阻害活性)を有する。従って、該抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤は、副作用が少なく、安全である。
【0027】
本発明で用いるモモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、上記のように種々の菌に対して殺菌効果を有し、更に抗変異原性を有するため、種々のアイテムに配合することにより、人体に対し安全で且つ殺菌性を発現させることができる。ここで、アイテムとしては、化粧料、フィルター等が挙げられる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、 本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0029】
(抽出液の調製)
60℃の温風で乾燥させたモモタマナの葉を、5mmのワイヤメッシュを具えたブレンダーで破砕した。該破砕物1gに蒸留水10mLを加え、37℃で1時間振盪した。次に、10,000×gで10分間遠心した後、上清を採取し、10% NaOH水溶液を用いて、該上清のpHを7.0±0.1に調整した。最後に、孔径0.22μmのメンブレンフィルターを用いて濾過し、濾液を10%水抽出液として使用した。
【0030】
(凍結乾燥標品の調製)
破砕されたモモタマナの葉530gを蒸留水5300mLに加え、90℃で1時間インキュベートした。次に、濾紙(TOYO, 5C)を用いて濾過し、濾液を70℃で減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥を行った。該凍結乾燥標品を適宜秤量し、蒸留水に溶解させて使用した。
【0035】
(抗菌活性テスト)
(1)ディスク法
表1に記載の各菌をミューラーヒントンブロス(Difco)で培養し、生理食塩水で106cfu/mLに調整し、ミューラーヒントン寒天培地に接種した。予め乾熱滅菌したディスク(直径8mm、東洋ろ紙)に、上記10%水抽出液50μLを滴下し乾燥させた。次に、該ディスクを、前記被験菌を接種した倍地上に置き、37℃で一晩培養した。培養後、ディスク周囲に出現した阻止円の直径を、ノギスを用いて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
(2)最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)
日本化学療法標準法(日本化学療法学会編(1981):最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)測定法再改定について, Chemotherapy 29: 76-79)に準拠して、最小発育阻止濃度を寒天平板希釈法にて測定した。接種菌量は106cfu/mLで、培地にはミューラーヒントン寒天培地(Difco)を用いた。なお、MICは細菌の発育を阻止する最も低い濃度で表した。結果を表1に示す。また、上記凍結乾燥標品を用いMICを測定し、タンニン酸(Tannic acid)及び没食子酸(gallic acid)のMICと比較した。結果を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0003726135
【0038】
表1の結果から、モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、病原性グラム陽性菌及びグラム陰性菌に対し抗菌性を有し、食中毒等の腸管下痢症の起炎菌、シュードモナス、セラチア、MRSA等の院内感染菌の増殖を阻害することが分かる。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 0003726135
【0040】
表2の結果から、モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、タンニン酸及び没食子酸に比べ、エロモナス、バチルス、プロテウス、プロビデンシア、ブドウ球菌、赤痢菌及びコレラ菌に対して抗菌活性が強いことが分かる。
【0041】
(MRSAに対するMIC値測定)
表1及び表2の結果より、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液が黄色ブドウ球菌に抗菌活性を示すことが明らかになったので、表3に示す7株のMRSAに対して上記と同様の方法でMIC値を測定し、バンコマイシン等の8種の薬剤と比較した。結果を表3に示す。
【0042】
【表3】
Figure 0003726135
【0043】
表3より、モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物は、概ねバンコマイシンに次いで低いMIC値を示し、抗菌活性が強いことが分かる。
【0044】
(生菌数の測定)
抗菌テストでモモタマナの葉の抽出物に対して感受性であった、グラム陽性菌の黄色ブドウ球菌 MRSA J3、黄色ブドウ球菌 FDA 209P及び表皮ブドウ球菌と、グラム陰性菌のフレクスナー赤痢菌、 パラチフスA菌及びコレラ菌 C154とを被験菌とした。対数増殖期の培養菌を1:105まで希釈した。この菌浮遊液1mLに上記10%水抽出液を等量加え混合した後、37℃でインキュベートした。適宜取り出し、希釈後生菌数を混釈法により、ミューラーヒントン寒天培地を用いて測定した。結果を図1に示す。
【0045】
図1より、0.63%以上の濃度のモモタマナ葉水抽出液で24時間処理することにより総ての菌が死滅することが分かる。また、この結果から、上記発育阻止能が殺菌によるものであることが分かる。
【0046】
(抗変異原試験)
Ames法により変異原性を試験した。変異原にはアジ化ナトリウム(NaN3)と代謝酵素賦活型の2-AFを使用した。菌株はネズミチフス菌LT-2(Salmonella Typhimurium LT-2)株由来TA97a、TA98(フレームシフト試験株)、TA100(塩基対置換試験株:カリフォルニア大学バークレイ校のAmes BN博士より分与)を用いた。新鮮培養菌0.1mLに変異原0.1mL及びモモタマナの葉の水抽出液0.1mLを加え、37℃で20分間インキュベートした後、0.5mMのヒスチジン/ビオチン含有の上層軟寒天培地2mLを加え、予め作製した最小培地からなる下層培地に重層した。37℃で48時間培養した後、出現した復帰変異株のコロニーを計数した。同時に、陽性コントロール(変異原のみ)、陰性コントロール(モモタマナの葉の抽出液のみ)についても試験した。S9依存性の変異原2-AFの場合は、0.5mLのS9、0.1mLの菌液、変異原0.1mL及びモモタマナの葉の抽出液を加え、同様に行った。コントロールはS9の代わりにリン酸緩衝液を使用した。復帰変異株の計数は48時間後に行った。活性は、次の式を用いて求めた。結果を図2に示す。
【0047】
式:活性(%)=(a−b)×100/(a−c)
(式中、aは変異原の作用のみで誘導されたコロニー数、bは抽出液存在下の変異原の作用で出現したコロニー数、cはモモタマナの葉の水抽出液の作用のみで出現したコロニー数である。)
【0048】
図2より、直接作用性変異原NaN3によって生じる塩基置換型の復帰変異株の生成が最大68%阻害され、S9依存性の2-AFによって生じるフレームシフト型変異株の生成が最大100%阻害されることが分かる。この結果から、モモタマナの葉の水抽出液は、変異原性を有さないだけではなく、むしろ抗変異原活性を有することが分かる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、種々の菌に対し抗菌・殺菌作用を有し、特にMRSA殺菌作用を有し、変異原性を有さず、むしろ抗変異原活性を有する殺菌剤が提供でき、かかる殺菌剤を用いることにより、殺菌性が高く、人体に対して害の無い化粧料、フィルター等の様々な商品が提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 生菌数の測定結果である。
【図2】 抗変異原試験の測定結果である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bactericidal agent, and in particular, to a bactericidal agent containing, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by extracting a leaf of Momotamana with water .
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, plant-derived antibacterial substances have been clarified, and in particular, there has been much research on green tea. Is well studied. In addition, antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram-positive bacteria has been reported in many plants, such as Terminalia chebula (see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0003]
On the other hand, Momotamana (Terminalia catappa L.) is a plant belonging to the same family of Terminalia as Milobaranoki but growing naturally in Okinawa etc., but no report has been made so far on the disinfecting substance from the Momotamana. .
[0004]
On the other hand, vancomycin is the only effective drug against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the development of a new fungicide is desired.
[0005]
Some bactericides and antibacterial agents have bactericidal and antibacterial effects, but have mutagenic properties and therefore have limited use. Therefore, when developing a new fungicide, it is necessary to pay careful attention to mutagenicity.
[0006]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Grover IS and Bala S, “Antimutagenic activity of Terminalia chebula (myroblan) in Salmonella typhimurium”, “Indian • Journal of Experimental Biology (Indian Journal of Experimental Biology), 1992, No. 30, p. 339-341
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel fungicide having no mutagenicity, particularly an effective fungicide against MRSA.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that a leaf extract of Momotamana has a bactericidal effect and an antimutagenic activity, and completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the fungicide of the present invention is characterized in that an extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana with water is an active ingredient.
[0011]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide according to the invention, the extraction is carried out at 80-100 ° C.
[0012]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide according to the invention, the extraction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
[0013]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide of the present invention, when the fungicide is in a liquid state, the concentration of the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of momotamana with water is 6.25 to 46000 μg / mL.
[0014]
In another preferred embodiment of the fungicide of the present invention, the extract is obtained from 100% by mass to 14-46% by mass of the leaves of Momotamana.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below. Momotamana (Terminalia catappa L.) used in the present invention is a Takagi of the Family of Terminalia, and is also called “Kobadisi”. The Momotamana grows widely on the coasts of Okinawa, the Ogasawara Islands, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.
[0017]
In the present invention, an extract obtained by collecting the above leaves of Momotamana and extracting it with water is used. As a pretreatment for extraction, it is preferable to crush the leaves of Momota mana, and extraction can be performed efficiently by crushing. The solvent used for extraction is water from the viewpoint of extraction efficiency and safety .
[0018]
The extraction is preferably carried out by heating at 80 to 100 ° C. When the temperature is less than 80 ° C, the extraction efficiency is low, and when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the extract may be chemically changed.
[0019]
The extraction is preferably carried out in a container filled with nitrogen gas by replacing air and oxygen with nitrogen, that is, in a nitrogen atmosphere. The extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere has better stability and extraction efficiency than the extraction in air.
[0020]
After the extraction, the leaves of momotama mana are separated from the extract by separation into a solid phase and a liquid phase by centrifugation, or by filtration. In addition, since polyphenols exist in the extract as described later, the extract exhibits acidity. Therefore, the extract may be neutralized with an aqueous NaOH solution or the like according to the purpose of use.
[0021]
Although the said extract may be used as it is as a water extract , it can also refine | purify and use an extract. For example, the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure under heating, and then freeze-dried to obtain a purified product of the extract.
[0022]
For example, in a nitrogen atmosphere, using water in the above-described preferable temperature range, when extraction was performed using 10 mL of water for 1 g of leaves of Momotamana, when the obtained extract was dried, 0.14 to 0.46 g An extract is obtained. Therefore, the ratio of the extract obtained under suitable extraction conditions is 14 to 46% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of Momotamana leaves.
[0023]
The above extracts are Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Bacillus megaterium ATCC 6630, Bacillus subtilis 29 (Bacillus subtilis 29), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Enterococcus avium R252, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O111, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuarti SY2 (Providencia stuarti SYCC 278) aeruginosa ATCC 27853), Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), S. aureus FDA 209P (Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P), S. aureus MRSA J3 (Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3), epidermis locus cus ), Vibrio cholerae C154 (classical), Vibrio cholerae A-85 (E1-Tor), Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O-3 ( Has antibacterial and bactericidal effects against Yersinia enterocolitica sero type O-3). Since the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of momotama na used in the present invention with water has a strong activity against not only gram-positive bacteria but also gram-negative bacteria as described above, the extract can be used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases. It is valid.
[0024]
In particular, an extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana used in the present invention with water has an antibacterial and bactericidal effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and therefore the extract is effective as a therapeutic agent for MRSA. It is also effective as a disinfectant for MRSA. When used as an MRSA drug, the water extract of Momotamana leaves can be concentrated into a paste, dried or emulsified, so the dosage form is not particularly limited and may be a tablet, powder, or liquid.
[0025]
The disinfectant of the present invention contains an extract obtained by extracting the above-mentioned Momotamana leaf , which is an active ingredient, with water, and optionally contains other components. Other components include solvents such as water, ethanol, propanol, and glycerol when the bactericide is used in liquid form. Here, the concentration of the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of momotamana in the liquid fungicide with water is preferably 6.25 to 46000 μg / mL, more preferably 6.25 to 6000 μg / mL, and particularly preferably 12.5 to 1000 μg / mL. If it is less than 6.25 μg / mL, the bactericidal effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 46000 μg / mL, the bactericidal effect is saturated. Moreover, when using the disinfectant | microbicide of this invention in solid form, such as a tablet, a normal pharmaceutical compounding agent is mentioned as another component.
[0026]
Moreover, the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana with water does not have mutagenicity but rather has antimutagenicity (mutation inhibitory activity). Therefore, the fungicide containing the extract as an active ingredient has few side effects and is safe.
[0027]
The extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana used in the present invention with water has a bactericidal effect against various fungi as described above, and further has antimutagenicity. Safe and sterilizing for the human body. Here, as an item, cosmetics, a filter, etc. are mentioned.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0029]
(Preparation of extract)
Momotamana leaves dried with warm air at 60 ° C. were crushed with a blender equipped with a 5 mm wire mesh. Distilled water (10 mL) was added to 1 g of the crushed material and shaken at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, after centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the pH of the supernatant was adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.1 using a 10% aqueous NaOH solution. Finally, filtration was performed using a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.22 μm, and the filtrate was used as a 10% water extract.
[0030]
(Preparation of lyophilized preparation)
530 g of crushed Momotamana leaves were added to 5300 mL of distilled water and incubated at 90 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, the mixture was filtered using a filter paper (TOYO, 5C), and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. and then freeze-dried. The lyophilized sample was weighed appropriately and dissolved in distilled water before use.
[0035]
(Antimicrobial activity test)
(1) Disc method Each bacterium described in Table 1 was cultured in Mueller Hinton broth (Difco), adjusted to 10 6 cfu / mL with physiological saline, and inoculated on Mueller Hinton agar medium. 50 μL of the 10% aqueous extract was dropped onto a disk (diameter 8 mm, Toyo filter paper) that had been sterilized by dry heat in advance, and dried. Next, the disc was placed on the medium inoculated with the test bacteria and cultured overnight at 37 ° C. After incubation, the diameter of the inhibition circle that appeared around the disc was measured using calipers. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
(2) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
In accordance with the standard method of Japanese chemotherapy (Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (1981): Revision of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement method, Chemotherapy 29: 76-79), the minimum inhibitory concentration is changed to the agar plate dilution method. Measured. The amount of inoculum was 10 6 cfu / mL, and Mueller Hinton agar (Difco) was used as the medium. In addition, MIC was represented by the lowest density | concentration which inhibits bacterial growth. The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, MIC was measured using the said freeze-dried sample, and it compared with MIC of tannic acid (Tannic acid) and gallic acid (gallic acid). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003726135
[0038]
From the results of Table 1 , the extract of Momotamana leaves extracted with water has antibacterial properties against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and causes enterodiarrhea-causing fungi such as food poisoning, Pseudomonas, Serratia, It can be seen that the growth of nosocomial infections such as MRSA is inhibited.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003726135
[0040]
From the results shown in Table 2 , the extract of momotamana leaves extracted with water has stronger antibacterial activity against eromonas, Bacillus, Proteus, Providencia, Staphylococcus, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae than tannic acid and gallic acid. I understand.
[0041]
(Measurement of MIC value for MRSA)
From the results in Tables 1 and 2, it has been clarified that the water extract of Momotamana leaves exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the 7 strains of MRSA shown in Table 3 were treated in the same manner as described above. MIC values were measured and compared with 8 drugs such as vancomycin. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0042]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003726135
[0043]
From Table 3, it can be seen that the extract obtained by extracting the leaves of Momotamana with water generally shows the lowest MIC value after vancomycin and has strong antibacterial activity.
[0044]
(Measurement of viable count)
Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus MRSA J3, Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria flexner Shigella, Paratyphi A and Vibrio cholerae C154 was used as a test bacterium. The culture in the logarithmic growth phase was diluted to 1:10 5 . An equal amount of the above 10% aqueous extract was added to 1 mL of this bacterial suspension and mixed, and then incubated at 37 ° C. After appropriate removal, the number of viable bacteria after dilution was measured by a pour method using a Mueller Hinton agar medium. The results are shown in FIG.
[0045]
From FIG. 1, it can be seen that all the fungi are killed by treatment with Momotamana leaf water extract at a concentration of 0.63% or more for 24 hours. Moreover, it turns out from this result that the said growth inhibitory ability is based on sterilization.
[0046]
(Anti-mutagen test)
Mutagenicity was tested by the Ames method. As the mutagen, sodium azide (NaN 3 ) and metabolic enzyme activated 2-AF were used. As strains, TA97a, TA98 (frame shift test strain), and TA100 (base pair substitution test strain: provided by Dr. Ames BN, University of California, Berkeley) derived from Salmonella Typhimurium LT-2 strain were used. Add 0.1 mL of mutagen and 0.1 mL of water extract of Momotamana to fresh culture 0.1 mL, incubate for 20 minutes at 37 ° C, then add 2 mL of upper soft agar medium containing 0.5 mM histidine / biotin The lower layer medium consisting of the minimum medium was overlaid. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 48 hours, the colonies of the revertant mutants that appeared were counted. At the same time, a positive control (mutagen only) and a negative control (momotamana leaf extract only) were also tested. In the case of S9-dependent mutagen 2-AF, 0.5 mL of S9, 0.1 mL of bacterial solution, 0.1 mL of mutagen, and momotana leaf extract were added in the same manner. As a control, phosphate buffer was used instead of S9. Reversion mutants were counted 48 hours later. The activity was determined using the following formula. The results are shown in FIG.
[0047]
Formula: Activity (%) = (ab) × 100 / (ac)
(In the formula, a is the number of colonies induced only by the action of the mutagen, b is the number of colonies appearing by the action of the mutagen in the presence of the extract, and c is only generated by the action of the aqueous extract of peach tamanana leaves. The number of colonies.)
[0048]
From FIG. 2, the production of the reversion mutant of the base substitution type caused by the direct acting mutagen NaN 3 is inhibited by up to 68%, and the production of the frameshift mutant produced by S9-dependent 2-AF is inhibited by up to 100%. You can see that From this result, it can be seen that the aqueous extract of Momotamana leaves not only has no mutagenic activity, but rather has antimutagenic activity.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a bactericidal agent that has antibacterial and bactericidal action against various bacteria, in particular, has MRSA bactericidal action, does not have mutagenicity, but rather has antimutagenic activity. By using the agent, it is possible to provide various products such as cosmetics and filters that are highly bactericidal and harmless to the human body.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a measurement result of viable cell count.
FIG. 2 is a measurement result of an antimutagen test.

Claims (5)

モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物を有効成分とする殺菌剤。A fungicide containing , as an active ingredient, an extract of Momotamana leaves extracted with water . 前記抽出を、80〜100℃で行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の殺菌剤。The disinfectant according to claim 1 , wherein the extraction is performed at 80 to 100 ° C. 前記抽出を、窒素雰囲気下で行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の殺菌剤。The disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the extraction is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere. 前記モモタマナの葉を水で抽出した抽出物の濃度が6.25〜46000μg/mLであることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a concentration of an extract obtained by extracting the leaves of momotamana with water is 6.25 to 46000 µg / mL. 前記抽出物は、モモタマナの葉100質量%から14〜46質量%の割合で得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の殺菌剤。The fungicide according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the extract is obtained from 100% by mass to 14 to 46% by mass of leaves of Momotamana.
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