JP2004113912A - Garbage disposer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage disposer which enables stable treatment even when the treatment state and treatment condition of garbage is changed and can suppress the occurrence of malodor. <P>SOLUTION: In the garbage disposer 3, garbage is mixed with a treating material containing microorganism in a treatment vessel 1 and is treated on the conditions that the pH of the mixture 2 is 3-7. The garbage disposer is provided with an air passing means 4 capable of passing the outside air into the treatment vessel 1 and a heat insulating means 5 which keeps the temperature of the mixture 2 of the garbage and the treating material in the treating vessel 1 at a temperature of 30-45°C. Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus or Enterococcus lactic acid is added to the treating material as the microorganism. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００３０】
なお、代表ガスであるエタノール，酢酸，イソバレルアルデヒドについてはＧＣ−ＭＳ測定法により、臭気濃度は３点臭袋法により測定した。
【００３１】
この結果から、本願のように中温（即ち３０℃〜４５℃）で処理する方がガス揮発量が低減して臭気が抑制されるのが分かる。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
上述のように請求項１記載の発明にあっては、生ごみを処理槽内にて微生物を含有する処理材と混合してこの生ごみと処理材の混合物のＰＨが３乃至７の条件下で処理する生ごみ処理装置において、処理槽内に外気を通風可能な通風手段と、処理槽内の生ごみと処理材の混合物の温度を３０℃乃至４５℃に保つ保温手段とを備え、微生物としてラクトバシルス属又はペディオコッカス属又はストレプトコッカス属又はエンテロコッカス属の乳酸菌を処理材に添加したので、生ごみを大量に投入したりしても安定して処理することができると共に、臭気の発生を抑えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の生ごみ処理装置の一実施形態の構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１　処理槽
２　生ごみと処理材の混合物
３　生ごみ処理装置
４　通風手段
５　保温手段[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage processing apparatus for fermenting and decomposing garbage using the power of microorganisms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a garbage disposal apparatus that treats garbage in a treatment tank has been used. Currently, garbage disposal apparatuses that are often used are mainly of a type that treats by a drying method and a type that treats by a microbial method. It is roughly divided into two.
[0003]
The drying method is a method to reduce the amount of garbage by removing the water in the garbage, and high-speed and stable treatment is possible, but the energy required for removing the water is large and the reduction rate is the same as the microbial method described later. In comparison, the microbial method is preferred. The microbial method is a method of decomposing garbage by mixing microorganisms into garbage and fermenting garbage with this microorganism, and requires less energy for processing than the drying method described above. In addition, the organic matter in the garbage is finally decomposed into carbon dioxide gas, resulting in a high weight loss rate. Hereinafter, as an example, an aerobic bacterium that is currently mainstream and used as a microorganism will be described.
[0004]
In the case of using aerobic bacteria, a processing material containing aerobic bacteria as a dominant species is charged into the processing tank, and the garbage and the processing material charged into the processing tank are agitated and mixed to aerobic bacteria. Fermentation and decomposition of garbage. In the case of using the aerobic bacteria, the mixture of the garbage and the processing material is kept alkaline while ventilating into the processing tank so that the activity of the aerobic bacteria is increased. (Aerobic bacteria cannot live without oxygen, and lose their activity under acidic conditions.)
However, in the case of using such aerobic bacteria, when a large amount of garbage is thrown in or a garbage containing a large amount of sugar such as rice is thrown in, a large amount of organic acid is generated. As a result, the activity of the aerobic bacteria was lost, and the treatment could not be performed stably. Furthermore, in this case, the activity of the dominant aerobic bacterium is lost, and other germs such as spoilage bacteria proliferate and cause odors such as spoilage odor.
[0005]
Therefore, in order to enable stable treatment even if a large amount of garbage is thrown in and acidity is biased, it is considered that microorganisms that originally prefer acidic conditions (or are resistant to acids) will be the dominant species. (For example, see Patent Document 1).
[0006]
Patent Literature 1 discloses a microorganism that uses mold as a dominant species and also uses lactic acid bacteria in combination to provide an acidic environment. In this product, garbage is decomposed by a mold resistant to acid under acidic conditions, so that the growth of bacteria and the like which are easily activated under alkaline conditions is suppressed, and the generation of odor caused by these bacteria is suppressed. Can be suppressed.
[0007]
However, the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1 does not disclose temperature control. Microorganisms vary in activity depending on temperature.For example, if the temperature is low, the activity of microorganisms is low and the decomposition of garbage is insufficient, and if the temperature is high, the activity of microorganisms is high and the decomposition of garbage As a result, a large amount of odor is generated. Further, in the method disclosed in Patent Literature 1, when the garbage is put into the treatment tank, the mold in the treatment tank is seen and gives a bad impression, and the spores of the mold are scattered to adversely affect the human body. It could have had an effect.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-275333 (paragraph [0022])
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to stably process garbage even if the processing conditions and processing conditions fluctuate, and to reduce the generation of odor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a garbage disposal device that can be suppressed.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, garbage is mixed with a treatment material containing microorganisms in a treatment tank 1 and the PH of a mixture 2 of the garbage and the treatment material is increased. In the garbage processing apparatus 3 for processing under the conditions of 3 to 7, the temperature of the ventilation means 4 that can ventilate the outside air into the processing tank 1 and the temperature of the mixture 2 of the garbage and the processing material in the processing tank 1 are set to 30 ° C. to 30 ° C. A heat retaining means 5 for maintaining the temperature at 45 ° C., wherein a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus or Enterococcus is added to the treatment material as a microorganism. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to stably process even if a large amount of garbage is thrown in, and it is possible to suppress generation of odor.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, the garbage processing apparatus of the present embodiment has a processing tank 1 inside a housing 31. A stirring shaft 12 having stirring blades 11 is installed in the processing tank 1, and the motor 13 rotates the stirring shaft 12 via a power transmission mechanism 14 so that the garbage is stirred by the stirring blades 11. The processing tank 1 is filled with a processing material made of a carrier such as sawdust-like wood chips called a biochip in which microorganisms have inhabited, and the processing material is stirred together with the garbage by the stirring means described above. The fermentation decomposition process is performed.
[0013]
An input port (not particularly shown) is provided on the upper surface of the housing 31, and an openable / closable lid (not particularly shown) is provided at the input port. Waste can be put in.
[0014]
The garbage disposal device 3 is provided with a ventilation means 4. This is because an inlet 41 for ventilation is provided at the upper part of one side wall of the processing tank 1 and an outlet 42 for ventilation is provided at the upper part of the other side wall. Corresponding inlets 43 and outlets 44 are provided to form a ventilation path, and a fan 45 is provided in the ventilation path. The ventilation means 4 makes it possible to take in outside air into the processing tank 1 from the inlets 43 and 41 of the ventilation path and exhaust air in the processing tank 1 from the outlets 44 and 42 of the ventilation path.
[0015]
In the processing tank 1, a moisture sensor 51 and a heater 52 are provided as the heat retaining means 5, and the amount of moisture detected by the moisture sensor 51 (the amount of moisture in the mixture of garbage and the processing material). The ratio is adjusted by the heater 52 so that the ratio becomes 15 to 50% (preferably 20 to 40%) described later.
[0016]
Further, in the garbage processing apparatus 3, the acidity of the mixture 2 of the processing material and the garbage is adjusted so as to be PH3 to 7. This is because when the acidity is weak or alkaline, the acid is appropriately mixed to adjust the PH to fall within the above-mentioned predetermined range, and when the acidity is strong, it is diluted with water or the like. The pH is adjusted by mixing an alkaline solution so that the pH falls within the above-mentioned predetermined range.
[0017]
Processing of garbage by the garbage processing apparatus 3 having the above configuration will be described.
[0018]
The treatment tank 1 is previously filled with a treatment material using lactic acid bacteria as a microorganism. Lactic acid bacteria are facultative anaerobic bacteria that are active under acidic conditions, and do not generate ammonia that causes strong odor like bacteria that are active under alkaline conditions such as aerobic bacteria. Will be described later. When the garbage is put into the processing tank 1, the garbage and the processing material are stirred by the stirring means.
[0019]
Then, the mixture 2 of the garbage and the processing material keeps the environment in which the lactic acid bacteria have an activity and other germs and the like lose the activity. That is, the outside air (ie, oxygen) is always supplied into the processing tank by the ventilation means 4, and the acidity is maintained at PH3 to 7 as described above. Further, the temperature of the mixture of the processing material and the garbage in the processing tank is maintained at 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. (this is called medium temperature) by the heat retaining means 5.
[0020]
As described above, since the outside air is constantly ventilated into the processing tank 1 to supply oxygen, the generation of bacteria that cannot grow under oxygen conditions such as obligate anaerobic bacteria is prevented, and aerobic bacteria or facultative anaerobic bacteria are prevented. The bacterium can be in an active state, and in addition, in order to keep the acidity of the mixture 2 of the processing material and the garbage at PH3 to 7, the proliferation of the aerobic bacterium having the activity under alkaline conditions is suppressed. In the end, only facultative anaerobic bacteria can be active.
[0021]
In addition, since the temperature is maintained at a medium temperature (in the range of 30 ° C. to 45 ° C.), the activity of lactic acid bacteria is low and the fermentation and decomposition treatment capacity is not reduced as in the case of low temperature (temperature is lower than 30 ° C.). In addition, the activity of the lactic acid bacteria is not so high as in the case of a high temperature (the temperature exceeds 45 ° C.), and a large amount of odor is not generated.
[0022]
According to the above configuration, the propagation of obligate anaerobic bacteria can be prevented, and the generation of odors such as butyric acid and hydrogen sulfide (rot odor) by the obligate anaerobic bacteria can be prevented. .
[0023]
In addition, it is possible to prevent the growth of aerobic bacteria, and to prevent the generation of ammonia, which is a main cause of the odor caused by the aerobic bacteria, whereby nitrogen in the treated garbage is released as ammonia. Since the garbage is not removed, the residue of the garbage becomes highly effective as compost.
[0024]
In addition, since the mixture of garbage and the processing material is kept acidic and at a medium temperature, propagation of various bacteria can be suppressed well. The mixture 2 of the garbage and the processing material can be well maintained in the range of pH 3 to 7 with the generated lactic acid, and the lactic acid generated can also suppress the propagation of various bacteria and the like.
[0025]
In addition, if the operation is performed on a low temperature side (a temperature of about 30 ° C.), the amount of volatile gas odor is reduced, so that the odor can be suppressed. In addition, the load on the heat retaining means can be reduced and the running cost can be reduced. .
[0026]
Also, since the treatment with lactic acid under acidic conditions from the beginning, even if a large amount of garbage is thrown in or garbage with a lot of carbohydrates such as rice is thrown in and a large amount of organic acid is generated and becomes acidic, The treatment can be performed stably without losing the activity of lactic acid.
[0027]
Furthermore, lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, the genus Pediococcus, the genus Streptococcus, or the genus Enterococcus are used as the lactic acid bacteria mixed into the treatment material. All of these lactic acid bacteria are homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, and have a small amount of other organic acids such as butyric acid as compared with the heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, and therefore have a mild odor.
[0028]
The odor generation results when the temperature conditions are set to the medium temperature (30 ° C. to 45 ° C.) of the present application and when the temperature conditions are set to a high temperature (45 ° C. to 60 ° C.) are shown as comparative examples. Other conditions are the same.
[0029]
[Table 1]

[0030]
The representative gases ethanol, acetic acid, and isovaleraldehyde were measured by GC-MS, and the odor concentration was measured by a three-point odor bag method.
[0031]
From these results, it can be seen that the treatment at a medium temperature (that is, 30 ° C. to 45 ° C.) reduces the gas volatilization amount and suppresses the odor as in the present application.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, garbage is mixed with a processing material containing microorganisms in a processing tank, and the pH of the mixture of the garbage and the processing material is 3 to 7. A garbage treatment apparatus for treating with a microorganism, comprising: a ventilation means capable of ventilating outside air into a treatment tank; and a heat retaining means for maintaining a temperature of a mixture of garbage and treatment material in the treatment tank at 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. As a lactobacillus of the genus Lactobacillus or Pediococcus or Streptococcus or Enterococcus was added to the processing material, it can be stably treated even if a large amount of garbage is thrown in and suppresses the generation of odor. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a garbage processing apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing tank 2 Mix of garbage and processing material 3 Garbage processing apparatus 4 Ventilation means 5 Heat insulation means

Claims (1)

In a garbage processing apparatus in which garbage is mixed with a processing material containing microorganisms in a processing tank and the pH of the mixture of the garbage and the processing material is processed under a condition of 3 to 7, outside air is introduced into the processing tank. Ventilation means capable of ventilation, and a heat retaining means for keeping the temperature of the mixture of garbage and treatment material in the treatment tank at 30 ° C to 45 ° C, and as microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus or Pediococcus or Streptococcus or Enterococcus A garbage processing apparatus characterized by adding lactic acid bacteria to a processing material.

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