JP2004113884A - Treatment method for outflow oil - Google Patents

Treatment method for outflow oil Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004113884A
JP2004113884A JP2002278583A JP2002278583A JP2004113884A JP 2004113884 A JP2004113884 A JP 2004113884A JP 2002278583 A JP2002278583 A JP 2002278583A JP 2002278583 A JP2002278583 A JP 2002278583A JP 2004113884 A JP2004113884 A JP 2004113884A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
carbide
spilled
solid fuel
carbonizing
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JP2002278583A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuyuki Yamaguchi
山口 安幸
Ryoichi Nagata
永田 良一
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JFE Engineering Corp
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JFE Engineering Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive treatment method for outflow oil easy to handle, capable of treating outflow oil even if the amount of the outflow oil is much or even in a stage wherein an oil film becomes thin. <P>SOLUTION: A carbonized matter 4 obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel is scattered over the outflow oil 7 or wastewater caused by recovering the outflow oil to be mixed therewith. By this method, the outflow oil 7 is flocculated or an oil component is removed from the wastewater. The carbonized matter is obtained by preferably carbonizing the refuse solid fuel at 500°C or higher in an atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 1% or less, or activating the obtained carbonized matter after carbonization or by adding bacteria for decomposing an oil component thereto. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に海面またはその他の水面に浮遊している流出油(原油、重油、潤滑油等々の油が事故等で流出したもの)を処理するための流出油の処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
タンカーなど船舶が事故を起こし、貯蔵されていた油が流れ出すと、この流出油は海流に乗って広範囲にわたって拡散していく。そのため流出油の周囲にオイルフェンスを張って流出油が拡散していくのを防止すると共に、流出油の回収作業を行うことが必要になる。
【0003】
この流出油の回収作業としては、海面に浮遊する流出油に向かって吸着マットを投げて、この吸着マットに流出油を吸着させて該吸着マットを回収することが行なわれる。しかし、この吸着マットには油分だけでなく水分も吸着されており、回収した吸着マットは焼却処分するしかないが、燃焼性が悪く、CO2 排出、黒煙等の発生源となっていた。
【0004】
また、広い範囲にわたって浮遊する流出油を回収するには、多量の吸着マットを用いる必要がある。さらに、吸着マットの他に、柄杓などで流出油を回収することも行なわれるが、非常に大変な作業となっていたものである。
これら流出油回収作業の容易化のために、従来、次のような技術が提案されている。
【0005】
・エンドレスベルトの外周面にオイル付着部材を配設し、該ベルトをオイルフェンス内の重油に部分接触させながら回転させることで、水面に浮遊している重油をオイル付着部材に付着させて回収するオイルの回収方法と装置(特許文献1参照)。
・ウレタンフォームを油流出現場で発泡させて海面に展開し、ウレタンフォームの油吸着を促進し吸着量を大ならしめることで流出油の回収を促進させる方法(特許文献2参照)。
【0006】
・膨張黒鉛が、重油、潤滑油等を極めて良く吸収し、かつ油類を吸収した後塊状に凝集するため回収し易く、油類吸着材として優れているとして、膨張黒鉛を加熱膨張させ、液状物質を透過しうる材料で形成された空間内に充填して取扱い容易な複合体とした油類の吸着材(特許文献3参照)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特許第3155500 号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平8−73556号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平7−136501 号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許文献1による回収方法では、すべての重油を回収するのは困難であるため、重油膜が薄くなった段階で、吸着マットなどの回収手段を使う必要がある。また、特許文献2の方法では、ウレタンフォームを油流出現場で発泡させて表面積を拡大し、油の吸着を促進し吸着量を大ならしめるため、取扱いは便利であるが、回収後の取扱いは吸着マットと同様な問題がある。さらに、特許文献3の吸着材は、膨張黒鉛を加熱膨張させ、液状物質を透過しうる材料で形成された空間内に充填してなるもので、取扱いは容易であるが、高価であるという難点があり、安価なものが要望されていた。
【0009】
本発明は、前記問題解決に当たり、流出油量が多大であっても、また、油膜が薄くなった段階でも処理可能であり、取扱いが容易でしかも安価な流出油の処理方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、生活ごみ、都市ごみなど廃棄物から製造されるごみ固形燃料(RDF)を炭化し製造した炭化物が、前記重油等の油類に対する吸着性能に優れている点を発見し、これを基本として本発明を完成させたものである。すなわち、ごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物の用途を探っていく途上で、例えば図1に示すように、ガラスコップ1に入れた水2の表面上に廃油を滴らし、その油膜3の上にRDFを炭化してなる炭化物4をまぶすと、見る見るうちに油膜3を吸着して油と炭化物からなる凝集体5と化し、ガラスコップ1の底に沈むことを見出した。この吸着凝集作用を基本として構成された本発明は以下のとおりである。
【0011】
本発明は、流出油にごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物を撒布し、混合することを特徴とする流出油の処理方法である。これにより、流出油を炭化物で凝集させ、拡散を防止することができる。なお、ここでいう流出油には、海上に流出した油の他、河川湖沼などへの流出油も含まれる。
また、本発明は、流出油を回収して発生した廃水に、ごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物を撒布し、混合することにより、前記廃水から油分を除去することを特徴とする流出油の処理方法である。これにより、従来、重油回収などで多量の水とともに回収される重油など油分の回収において生じる廃水中の油分を凝集させ除去することが可能となる。
【0012】
さらに、本発明では、前記炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度1%以下の雰囲気で500 ℃以上で炭化しあるいは該炭化後賦活処理したものであることが好ましい。これにより、炭化物は膨大な空隙を有するものとなり、この空隙に油分を取り込んで効率よく凝集させることができる。
また、本発明では、前記炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度1%以下の雰囲気で500 ℃以上で炭化しあるいは該炭化後賦活処理したものに、油分を分解するバクテリアを添加したものであることが好ましい。これにより、流出油の凝集体は微生物(バクテリア)の分解処理を経て無害化することができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明では、例えば図2に示すように、座礁又は衝突等の事故により破損したタンカー等のオイル流出源6からオイル(流出油)7が流出して浮遊している海9面上(河川湖沼等の水面上でもよい)に、好ましくはオイル7周囲をオイルフェンス10で囲った囲い内の海9面上に、ごみ固形燃料(RDF)を炭化して得られた炭化物4を撒布し、混合することにより、該炭化物4にオイル7を吸着させるとともに、オイルを吸着した炭化物を凝集させ、凝集体5となして沈殿させるものである。
【0014】
前記炭化物は、粉末状で良く、サンドポンプの如き撒布機にて油の流出した海面に撒布すればよく、作業性は極めて良好であり、高能率で流出油を処理できる。そして、撒布した炭化物とオイルの接触を助長させるために、炭化物撒布後攪拌してオイルと混合する。攪拌は、機械的攪拌および圧力水による海面攪拌のいずれでもよい。撒布により炭化物と接したオイル、および攪拌により炭化物と接したオイルは、炭化物に捕捉吸着、凝集され、海底に沈む。沈殿した凝集体は浅瀬では波打ち際に打ち上げられ、塊状の凝集体として回収できる。回収された凝集体はほぼ油分と炭化物からなり水分はごく僅かであるため、燃焼処理が可能であり、燃料としての再利用もできる。
【0015】
また、炭化物として、RDFの炭化成品又は炭化後賦活処理成品に油分を分解するバクテリアを添加した炭化物を使用することにより、この炭化物によって吸着され凝集して海底に沈んだオイルは、その中に住み着いたバクテリアにより徐々に分解される。バクテリアとはリパーゼ等の油脂分解酵素を分泌する微生物を指し、酵素の働きにより重油など油脂をグリセリンと脂肪酸に分解するものから選ぶ。分解されたグリセリンと脂肪酸はさらに生物分解されて、最終的には二酸化炭素や水になる。従って、オイルを回収する作業の手間が省け、流出油を無害化処理することが可能となる。
【0016】
なお、オイルを分解するバクテリアを住まわせた炭化物も、サンドポンプの如き撒布機にて容易に撒布できるため、作業性は変わらず、高能率でオイルを処理できることになる。
また、本発明のもう1つの方法、すなわち、流出油を回収して発生した廃水に、ごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物を撒布し、混合することにより、前記廃水から油分を除去することを特徴とする流出油の処理方法では、流出油を回収する際に海水とともに油分が回収される結果生じる油分の多い廃水に対し、炭化物を撒布(あるいは添加)して廃水中に含有される油分を凝集除去し、流出油の回収作業に伴う廃水処理難の問題を解決することができる。
【0017】
なお、本発明で用いられる、ごみ固形燃料を炭化してなる炭化物は、以下の各工程を通して製造される。
(1) 破袋及び粗大異物除去
生活ごみ、都市ごみなど廃棄物から、まず、大きな鉄や石など異物の塊を検出して除去する。
(2) 乾燥
磁気選別機や風力選別機において、濡れた新聞紙等が異物の上にあると、充分な選別ができないので、ごみを水分20%以下に乾燥する。
(3) 磁気選別
乾燥したごみを磁気選別機にかけて、磁性のある鉄を除去する。
(4) 風力選別
風力選別を効率よく行なうには、風の通る断面にごみを可及的均一に分散させることが肝要である。そのため1次風力選別機の前に回転羽根式などの分配機を設けて、風力選別機の風が吹き上げるスリットに均一に分散されるようにする。これで可燃物の約94%は分別可能となる。この風力選別は2回に分けて行なわれることもある。
(5) 軽い非磁性金属片の分離
アルミ缶やアルミ箔を内張りしたスナック菓子袋などは、磁性を帯びず、軽いために、これまでのいずれの選別機でも分別できない。一方これらのアルミは、量が多いと、流動床ボイラ等では、燃焼時に気化して煙道に蒸着してこれを閉塞させることがあるから、除去することが望ましい。そこで円形磁石を高速回転させる回転磁石式選別機を最後に用いて、これらのアルミに渦電流を発生させ、磁界変化によりコリオリの力で吹き飛ばすようにする。これにより全ての異物を可燃物と確実に分別することができる。
(6) 炭化
上記の工程を経て異物を除去された可燃物からなるごみ固形燃料を、炭化炉に供給して、酸素濃度1%以下の雰囲気で500 ℃以上で炭化すること、あるいはさらにこの炭化成品を800 ℃以上で水蒸気又はCO2 と接触させて賦活処理することにより、本発明に必要な炭化物が得られる。
【0018】
例えば、前記ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度0.8 %程度の炭化炉に供給して600 ℃程度で乾留すると比表面積60〜140m/g の炭化物が得られる。さらに該炭化物を賦活処理することにより、比表面積がさらに拡大するので、油分を凝集させる能力を向上させることができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
沿岸海上の流出油(この例では重油)をオイルフェンスで包囲し、オイルフェンスを越えないように流出油をポンプで汲み上げ、包囲内での流出油の増加が観察されなくなった段階で、包囲内に炭化物を撒布した。包囲内の周縁域では棒などにより、また包囲内の中央域では海水を噴射することにより、撒布した炭化物と流出油を攪拌混合して、流出油の凝集を図った。凝集化した流出油は波打ち際に打ち上げられ、塊となっているため回収は容易であった。回収した凝集体の塊はドラム缶に集め、ドラム缶より塊状物を回収した。
【0020】
また、ドラム缶に残る海水(凝集体回収の際に混入したもの)に対して、さらに炭化物を添加し、攪拌棒あるいは凝集体回収に使用した柄杓で攪拌することにより、海水中の油分をさらに凝集させ廃水浄化を行なった。ドラム缶より回収した塊状物は、流動床型燃焼炉の燃料として再使用できた。
なお、ここで使用した炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度約0.8 %の炭化炉にて約600 ℃で乾留して得られたものである。
(実施例2)
流出油(この例では重油)の海岸線打ち上げ物を、柄杓など人海作戦でドラム缶に回収して処理する際に、ドラム缶内には海水を多量に含む打ち上げ物と海水との混在物が溜まる。この混在物に対し、炭化物を添加し、攪拌を加え、油分を凝集させて形成した凝集体をドラム缶から回収した。残りの廃水に油の浮遊が見られた時は、再度炭化物を投入して浮遊油分の凝集化を図って海水浄化を行なった。ドラム缶より回収した凝集体にさらに炭化物を加えて塊状物とすることにより、流動床型燃焼炉の燃料として再使用できた。
【0021】
なお、ここで使用した炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度約0.8 %の炭化炉にて約600 ℃で乾留し、次いで賦活処理(処理条件:温度=800 ℃、接触気体=水蒸気)して得られたものである。
(実施例3)
タンカー周囲をオイルフェンスで囲って流出油(この例では重油)を包囲し、包囲内に浮遊している流出油およびタンカーから流出しつつある油に炭化物を撒布した。撒布後浮遊している流出油に対しては海水を汲み上げ攪拌用の圧力水として浮遊部分に散水した。流出しつつある油への炭化物撒布は、流出段階での接触による攪拌混合を期待したもので、この段階での凝集体の形成を図った。
【0022】
ここで使用した炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度約0.8 %の炭化炉にて約600 ℃で乾留し、次いで賦活処理(処理条件:温度=800 ℃、接触気体=水蒸気)した成品に、油分を分解するバクテリアを添加して得られたもので、このバクテリア入り炭化物が油分との凝集体となって海中へ沈降した後、バクテリアによって油分が分解される。
(比較例)
オイルフェンスで流出油(この例では重油)を包囲し、オイルフェンスを越えないように流出油をポンプで汲み上げ、ポンプ汲み上げ物に多量の海水が混ざりだした段階で、包囲内に油吸着マット等を多量に投入してこれを包囲内全域に展開した。投入した油吸着マット等は人力で回収したが、海中に浮遊したり海底に沈下したりして回収できなかったものも多量に発生した。
【0023】
また、回収した油吸着マット等は海水を約80〜90%もの含有率で含浸しているため、焼却処分が必要となったが、助燃材を多量に使用しないと、燃焼性が悪く多量の黒煙発生が避けられなかった。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ごみ固形燃料を炭化してなる油吸着凝集手段を用いたことにより、多量の流出油を塊状凝集体として、安価に、容易にかつ高能率に回収できるという効果を奏する。また、油回収後の廃水浄化が容易となり、さらに、回収した塊状凝集体は燃料として再使用できるという効果もある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ごみ固形燃料を炭化してなる炭化物が油を吸着し凝集させる作用の説明図である。
【図2】本発明の実施形態の1例を示す模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ガラスコップ
2 水
3 油膜
4 炭化物
5 凝集体
6 オイル流出源(タンカー等)
7 流出油(オイル)
8 処理船
9 海
10 オイルフェンス
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating spilled oil mainly for treating spilled oil (oil such as crude oil, heavy oil, lubricating oil, etc. which has spilled in an accident or the like) floating on the sea surface or other water surfaces.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a tanker or other vessel causes an accident and the stored oil spills, the oil spills over the ocean currents and spreads widely. Therefore, it is necessary to set up an oil fence around the spilled oil to prevent the spilled oil from diffusing, and to collect the spilled oil.
[0003]
As the operation of collecting the spilled oil, the suction mat is thrown toward the spilled oil floating on the sea surface, and the spilled oil is adsorbed on the adsorption mat to collect the adsorption mat. However, not only oil but also water is adsorbed to this adsorption mat, and the recovered adsorption mat has to be incinerated but has poor flammability and is a source of CO 2 emissions and black smoke.
[0004]
Further, in order to collect the spilled oil floating over a wide range, it is necessary to use a large amount of adsorption mat. Further, in addition to the suction mat, collecting the spilled oil with a ladle or the like is also performed, but it has been a very difficult operation.
Conventionally, the following techniques have been proposed for facilitating the oil spill recovery operation.
[0005]
-An oil adhering member is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the endless belt, and the belt is rotated while partially contacting the heavy oil in the oil fence, whereby the heavy oil floating on the water surface is adhered to the oil adhering member and collected. An oil recovery method and apparatus (see Patent Document 1).
-A method in which urethane foam is foamed at an oil spill site and deployed on the sea surface, and oil absorption of urethane foam is promoted to increase the amount of adsorption, thereby facilitating the recovery of spilled oil (see Patent Document 2).
[0006]
・ Expanded graphite absorbs heavy oil, lubricating oil, etc. very well, and is easy to collect because it aggregates in a lump after absorbing oils.It is considered as an excellent oil adsorbent. An adsorbent for oils which is filled into a space formed of a material permeable to a substance to form a complex which is easy to handle (see Patent Document 3).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3155500 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-73556 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-136501
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is difficult to recover all the heavy oil by the recovery method according to Patent Literature 1, and it is necessary to use a recovery means such as an adsorption mat when the heavy oil film becomes thin. In the method of Patent Document 2, urethane foam is foamed at an oil spill site to increase the surface area, promote oil adsorption, and increase the amount of adsorption. Therefore, handling is convenient, but handling after recovery is difficult. There is the same problem as the suction mat. Further, the adsorbent disclosed in Patent Document 3 is formed by expanding expanded graphite by heating and filling the space formed of a material permeable to a liquid substance, and is easy to handle but expensive. There was a demand for an inexpensive one.
[0009]
The present invention provides a method for treating spilled oil that can be handled even when the amount of spilled oil is large and can be processed even when the oil film is thin, and is easy to handle and inexpensive. It is the purpose.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present invention has found that carbonized garbage solid fuel (RDF) produced from waste such as household garbage and municipal garbage has excellent adsorption performance for oils such as the heavy oil, Based on the above, the present invention has been completed. That is, while exploring the use of the carbide obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, waste oil is dropped on the surface of water 2 placed in a glass cup 1, and the oil film 3 is formed. It was found that, when a carbide 4 formed by carbonizing RDF was sprayed on the surface, the oil film 3 was adsorbed and formed into an aggregate 5 composed of oil and carbide, and settled at the bottom of the glass cup 1. The present invention configured on the basis of this adsorptive aggregation action is as follows.
[0011]
The present invention is a method for treating spilled oil, which comprises spraying and mixing a charcoal obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel to spilled oil. Thereby, the spilled oil can be agglomerated with the carbides to prevent diffusion. Note that the oil spilled here includes oil spilled to rivers, lakes and marshes in addition to oil spilled to the sea.
Further, the present invention provides a spill characterized by removing oil from the wastewater by spraying and mixing a carbide obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel into wastewater generated by collecting the spilled oil. It is a method of treating oil. This makes it possible to agglomerate and remove the oil component in the wastewater generated in the collection of oil components such as heavy oil that is conventionally collected together with a large amount of water in heavy oil recovery.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the carbide is obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel at 500 ° C. or more in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less, or by performing an activation treatment after the carbonization. As a result, the carbide has enormous voids, and oil can be taken into these voids and efficiently aggregated.
In the present invention, the carbide is obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel at 500 ° C. or more in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less, or by activating after carbonization, and adding an oil-decomposing bacterium. Is preferred. As a result, the aggregate of the spilled oil can be rendered harmless through a process of decomposing microorganisms (bacteria).
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, oil (spilled oil) 7 flows out from an oil spill source 6 such as a tanker damaged by an accident such as a grounding or collision, and floats on the surface of the sea 9 (river, lake, or lake). Or the like, or the surface of the oil 7 is surrounded by an oil fence 10, and the carbide 4 obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel (RDF) is dispersed and mixed on the surface of the sea 9 in the enclosure surrounded by the oil fence 10. By doing so, the oil 7 is adsorbed on the carbide 4, and the carbide adsorbed with the oil is agglomerated to form an aggregate 5 and precipitate.
[0014]
The carbide may be in the form of a powder, and may be sprayed on the sea surface from which the oil has flowed out by a spraying machine such as a sand pump. The workability is extremely good, and the spilled oil can be treated with high efficiency. Then, in order to promote contact between the scattered carbide and the oil, the mist is mixed with the oil by stirring after the scatter of the carbide. The stirring may be either mechanical stirring or sea surface stirring with pressure water. The oil that comes into contact with the carbide by spraying and the oil that comes into contact with the carbide by stirring are trapped and adsorbed by the carbide, aggregated, and sink to the sea floor. The precipitated aggregates are launched in the shallow water at the edge of the waves, and can be collected as massive aggregates. Since the recovered aggregate is substantially composed of oil and carbide and has very little water, it can be burned and reused as fuel.
[0015]
In addition, by using a carbonized product of RDF or a carbonized product obtained by adding a bacterium that decomposes an oil component to a carbonized product of RDF, the oil adsorbed by the carbide and agglomerated and settled on the seabed is settled therein. Gradually decomposed by bacteria. Bacteria refers to microorganisms that secrete fat-degrading enzymes such as lipase, and are selected from those that degrade fats and oils such as heavy oil into glycerin and fatty acids by the action of enzymes. Degraded glycerin and fatty acids are further biodegraded to carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, labor for collecting the oil can be omitted, and the spilled oil can be detoxified.
[0016]
In addition, since the charcoal containing bacteria that decompose the oil can be easily sprayed by a spraying machine such as a sand pump, the workability is not changed and the oil can be treated with high efficiency.
Further, another method of the present invention, that is, the wastewater generated by collecting the spilled oil is sprayed with a carbide obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel, and the oil is removed from the wastewater by mixing. In the method for treating spilled oil, charcoal is sprayed (or added) to the oily wastewater resulting from the recovery of oil along with seawater when the spilled oil is collected and contained in the wastewater. Oil can be coagulated and removed, and the problem of wastewater treatment difficulties associated with spilled oil recovery operations can be solved.
[0017]
The carbide obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel used in the present invention is produced through the following steps.
(1) Removal of bag breakage and bulky foreign matter First, lump of foreign matter such as large iron and stone is detected and removed from waste such as household waste and municipal waste.
(2) Drying In a magnetic separator or a wind separator, if wet newspaper or the like is on a foreign material, sufficient sorting cannot be performed, so that the garbage is dried to a water content of 20% or less.
(3) Magnetic separation The dried garbage is passed through a magnetic separator to remove magnetic iron.
(4) Wind separation For efficient wind separation, it is important to disperse dust as uniformly as possible in the cross section where the wind passes. Therefore, a distributor such as a rotating blade type is provided in front of the primary wind sorter so that the wind of the wind sorter is uniformly distributed to the slits that blow up. This allows about 94% of combustibles to be separated. This wind sorting may be performed twice.
(5) Separation of light non-magnetic metal pieces Aluminum cans and snack confectionery bags lined with aluminum foil do not take on magnetism and are light and cannot be separated by any of the conventional sorting machines. On the other hand, if the amount of these aluminum is large, in a fluidized bed boiler or the like, it may be vaporized at the time of combustion and may be deposited on a flue to block the flue. Therefore, an eddy current is generated in these aluminums by using a rotary magnet sorter that rotates a circular magnet at a high speed, and the aluminum is blown off by Coriolis force due to a change in magnetic field. This makes it possible to reliably separate all foreign substances from combustibles.
(6) Carbonization The refuse solid fuel composed of combustibles from which foreign substances have been removed through the above steps is supplied to a carbonization furnace and carbonized at 500 ° C. or more in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less, or further carbonized. By activating the resulting product by contacting it with steam or CO 2 at 800 ° C. or higher, a carbide required for the present invention can be obtained.
[0018]
For example, when the solid waste fuel is supplied to a carbonization furnace having an oxygen concentration of about 0.8% and carbonized at about 600 ° C., a carbide having a specific surface area of 60 to 140 m 2 / g is obtained. Further, the activation treatment of the carbide further increases the specific surface area, so that the ability to aggregate oil can be improved.
[0019]
【Example】
(Example 1)
Oil spills on the coastal sea (heavy oil in this example) are surrounded by oil booms, pumped out by a pump so as not to cross the oil fences. Was sprayed with carbide. The spilled oil was agglomerated by agitating and mixing the scattered carbides with the spilled oil by using a stick or the like in the peripheral region of the surroundings, and by spraying seawater in the central region of the surroundings. The agglomerated spilled oil was washed up on the shore and was easy to collect because it was a lump. The collected agglomerates were collected in a drum and a lump was recovered from the drum.
[0020]
In addition, the charcoal is further added to the seawater remaining in the drum (mixed during the collection of aggregates) and stirred with a stirrer or ladle used to collect the aggregates to further aggregate the oil in the seawater. The wastewater was purified. The lump collected from the drum could be reused as fuel for a fluidized bed combustion furnace.
The carbide used here was obtained by carbonizing waste solid fuel in a carbonization furnace having an oxygen concentration of about 0.8% at about 600 ° C.
(Example 2)
When shoreline launches of spilled oil (heavy oil in this example) are collected and processed in a drum using a ladle or the like in a man-in-the-sea operation, a mixture of the launch containing a large amount of seawater and seawater accumulates in the drum. A carbide was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred, and an aggregate formed by aggregating the oil was collected from the drum. When oil floating was observed in the remaining wastewater, charcoal was added again to purify the seawater by coagulating the floating oil. The aggregate collected from the drum can was further added with carbide to form a lump, which could be reused as a fuel for a fluidized bed combustion furnace.
[0021]
The carbide used here was obtained by subjecting refuse solid fuel to dry distillation at about 600 ° C. in a carbonizing furnace having an oxygen concentration of about 0.8%, followed by activation treatment (treatment conditions: temperature = 800 ° C., contact gas = steam). It was obtained.
(Example 3)
The spilled oil (heavy oil in this example) was surrounded by an oil fence around the tanker, and carbide was sprayed on the spilled oil floating in the spillage and the oil flowing out of the tanker. The seawater was pumped up from the spilled oil floating after spraying and sprayed on the floating part as pressure water for stirring. The distribution of the carbide to the flowing oil was expected to be agitated and mixed by contact at the outflow stage, and the formation of aggregates at this stage was attempted.
[0022]
The carbide used here is a product obtained by subjecting refuse solid fuel to dry distillation at about 600 ° C. in a carbonizing furnace with an oxygen concentration of about 0.8% and then activating (treatment conditions: temperature = 800 ° C., contact gas = steam). This is obtained by adding bacteria that decompose oil, and after the carbonized material containing bacteria becomes an aggregate with the oil and settles in the sea, the oil is decomposed by the bacteria.
(Comparative example)
Oil spilled oil (heavy oil in this example) is surrounded by an oil fence, oil is pumped up without passing over the oil fence, and a large amount of seawater is mixed into the pumped material. And spread it throughout the siege. The injected oil absorption mats were collected manually, but a large number of those that could not be recovered because they floated in the sea or settled on the sea floor were generated.
[0023]
In addition, since the recovered oil-adsorbing mat and the like are impregnated with seawater at a content of about 80 to 90%, they need to be incinerated. Black smoke was inevitable.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, since the oil adsorption aggregation means which carbonizes refuse solid fuel is used, there exists an effect that a large amount of spilled oil can be collect | recovered inexpensively, easily, and efficiently as a lump aggregate. Further, it is easy to purify wastewater after oil recovery, and there is also an effect that the collected aggregates can be reused as fuel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the action of a carbide obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel to adsorb and coagulate oil.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one example of an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass cup 2 Water 3 Oil film 4 Carbide 5 Aggregate 6 Oil spill source (tanker etc.)
7 Spilled oil (oil)
8 Processing boat 9 Sea 10 Oil fence

Claims (4)

流出油にごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物を撒布し、混合することを特徴とする流出油の処理方法。A method for treating spilled oil, comprising spraying and mixing a carbide obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel to the spilled oil. 流出油を回収して発生した廃水に、ごみ固形燃料を炭化して得られた炭化物を撒布し、混合することにより、前記廃水から油分を除去することを特徴とする流出油の処理方法。A method for treating spilled oil, comprising: removing oil from the wastewater by spraying and mixing a carbide obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel into wastewater generated by collecting the spilled oil. 前記炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度1%以下の雰囲気で500 ℃以上で炭化しあるいは該炭化後賦活処理したものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の流出油の処理方法。The spilled oil treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbide is obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel at 500 ° C or more in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less or by performing an activation treatment after the carbonization. . 前記炭化物は、ごみ固形燃料を酸素濃度1%以下の雰囲気で500 ℃以上で炭化しあるいは該炭化後賦活処理したものに、油分を分解するバクテリアを添加したものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の流出油の処理方法。The carbonized material is obtained by carbonizing refuse solid fuel in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher, or by activating after carbonization, and adding an oil-decomposing bacterium. 3. The method for treating spilled oil according to 1 or 2.
JP2002278583A 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Treatment method for outflow oil Pending JP2004113884A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014200700A (en) * 2013-04-01 2014-10-27 Jfeスチール株式会社 Wastewater treatment method of oil-containing wastewater

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014200700A (en) * 2013-04-01 2014-10-27 Jfeスチール株式会社 Wastewater treatment method of oil-containing wastewater

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