JP2004113203A - Gleaming live bait and method for culturing luminous bacteria co-living with or attaching to live bait - Google Patents
Gleaming live bait and method for culturing luminous bacteria co-living with or attaching to live bait Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は釣りに使う光る生餌とこの生餌に共生又は付着させる発光細菌の培養方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
釣りに使う餌のうちで光る餌は、特開平５−１６８３８５号公報、特開平９−２７１３２７号公報、特開平９−２９９００５号公報、特開平１０−２１０９３７号公報、特開平１１−１６４６４０号公報等において種々のものが提案されている。
【０００３】
すなわち、特開平５−１６８３８５号公報には、原料餌の表面に増粘剤と蓄光剤とを混合した塗布剤を塗布し、夜釣り、深場等の暗所での釣りにおいて集魚効果を高めた釣り餌が開示されている。
【０００４】
また、特開平９−２７１３２７号公報には、魚介類の抽出液と魚の攝餌刺激物に食塩と寒天を加え加熱しながら混合した溶液を冷却してゲル化すると共に、これに共生発光魚の発光細菌を加入して、暗所での魚の食い付きを良好ならしめた疑似餌が開示されている。
【０００５】
また、特開平９−２９９００５号公報には、ゴカイ、イソメ等の天然釣り餌に対して付着性を有する食用材料に蓄光剤を含有させ、この食用材料を天然釣り餌の表面の少なくとも一部に塗布し、暗い海中での魚の食い付きを良好ならしめた釣り餌が開示されている。
【０００６】
また、特開平１０−２１０９３７号公報には、天然発光細菌を天然高分子により生存させたまま固定化し、それを色素にて染色した天然餌料の生擂身に加え、食品ゲル化剤にて混合造形し、暗い海中での魚の食い付きを良好ならしめた釣り餌が開示されている。
【０００７】
また、特開平１１−１６４６４０号公報には、蓄光剤を動植物油などのように水に不溶性の液体で濡らしたり、シリコーンのような撥水性の物質でコーティングして、水分と接触しないように処理し、これをゲル化する溶液中に分散させ、この溶液を生オキアミ等の釣り餌に被覆するか、この溶液をゲル化・成形して形成した、夜釣りに効果のある釣り餌が開示されている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、これらの釣り餌で使用されている蓄光剤は環境汚染や安全性の面で疑義ないし問題があり、しかも発光時間が限られているという欠点があった。また、発光細菌を使用した釣り餌の場合、それほど強い発光強度の釣り餌が得られておらず、更に発光強度の強い釣り餌が望ましかった。
【０００９】
また、魚は生き物のように動くものを餌として認識する傾向にあるが、上述した餌はどれも海水中でゆらゆらすることはあっても生き物のようには動かないので、餌としての働き、すなわち餌に対する食い付きが期待されたほどのものではなかった。
【００１０】
本発明は、環境汚染や安全性に問題がなく且つ発光強度が高くて食い付きの良い動く餌を提供しようとするものである。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る発光細菌の培養方法は、アスパラギン酸（Ｌ−アスパラギン酸、Ｄ−アスパラギン酸）、システイン（Ｌ−システイン、Ｄ−システイン）、シスチン（Ｌ−シスチン、Ｄ−シスチン）及びキトサンから選択された１種又は２種以上を含有してなる培地で発光細菌を培養するものである。また、本発明に係る光る生餌は、海産動物に該発光細菌を共生又は付着させてなるものである。
【００１２】
ここで、前記海産動物としては例えばゴカイ、イソメ、アオイソメその他の環虫やオキアミ等を挙げることができるが、生き餌として使用されているものであればこれら以外の海産動物でもよい。
【００１３】
また、前記発光細菌としてはフォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）、フォトバクテリウム・レイオグナティ（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｌｅｉｏｇｎａｔｈｉ）、フォトバクテリウム（ビブリオ）・フィシェリ（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ （Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ）ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒｉ）又はビブリオ・ハーベイ（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ ｈａｒｖｅｙｉ）が好ましい。
【００１４】
また、前記Ｌ−アスパラギン酸の濃度は２０〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬが好ましい。Ｌ−アスパラギン酸の濃度が２０〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬの範囲では発光細菌の発光強度を高めることができるが、２０μｇ／ｍＬ未満になったり、１０００μｇ／ｍＬを超えると十分な発光強度が得られなくなってしまうからである。
【００１５】
また、前記Ｄ−アスパラギン酸の濃度は０．２〜５００μｇ／ｍＬが好ましい。Ｄ−アスパラギン酸の濃度が０．２〜５００μｇ／ｍＬの範囲では発光細菌の発光強度を高めることができるが、０．２μｇ／ｍＬ未満になったり、５００μｇ／ｍＬを超えると十分な発光強度が得られなくなってしまうからである。
【００１６】
また、前記システイン（Ｌ−システイン、Ｄ−システイン）、シスチン（Ｌ−シスチン、Ｄ−シスチン）の濃度は０．２〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬが好ましい。システイン又はシスチンの濃度が０．２〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬの範囲では発光細菌の発光強度を高めることができるが、０．２μｇ／ｍＬ未満になったり、１０００μｇ／ｍＬを超えると十分な発光強度が得られなくなってしまうからである。
【００１７】
また、前記キトサンの濃度は２００〜２０００μｇ／ｍＬが好ましい。キトサンの濃度が２００〜２０００μｇ／ｍＬの範囲では発光細菌の発光強度を高めることができるが、２００μｇ／ｍＬ未満になると十分な発光強度が得られないからである。なお、キトサンの濃度の上限値２０００μｇ／ｍＬはデータが無いだけで、２０００μｇ／ｍＬを超える場合を排除する趣旨ではない。
【００１８】
上記アミノ酸を含有する基本培地としては、例えばペプトン、酵母エキス、肉エキス等を天然海水又は人工海水に溶かした海洋細菌用の培地を使用することができるが、基本培地の成分組成はこれに限定されるものではなく、海洋細菌を培養できるものであれば他の成分組成のものを使用してもよい。
【００１９】
【実施例】
実施例１： まず、バクトペプトン２．５ｇ 、バクト酵母エキス１．５ｇを秤量し、これを７５０ｍＬの海水に加え、水酸化ナトリウムでｐＨを７．５に調整し、蒸留水を加えて全体を１０００ｍＬとし、基本培地（１／２ＳＷＣ−Ｇ）を調製した。
【００２０】
次に、この基本培地（１／２ＳＷＣ−Ｇ）中に発光細菌を加え、２０℃の条件下で振盪しながら２０時間前培養した。発光細菌としてはフォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株（岩手県大槌湾海底堆積物より採取）を用いた。
【００２１】
次に、上記基本培地と同じ組成の各基本培地（１／２ＳＷＣ−Ｇ）１．５ｍＬにＬ−アラニン、Ｌ−システイン、グリシン、Ｌ−メチオニン、Ｌ−フェニルアラニン、Ｌ−プロリン、Ｌ−セリン、タウリン、サルコシン、Ｄ−アラニン、Ｄ−アスパラギン酸、キトサンの２０ｍｇ／ｍＬ濃度の水溶液（または、懸濁液）を１５μＬ添加し、最終濃度が２００μｇ／ｍＬ になるように各々添加して添加成分の違う各培地を用意した。
【００２２】
次に、これらの培地に前培養した前記発光細菌を接種し、２０℃の条件下で振盪しながら２０時間本培養し、得られたものの発光強度を測定した。また、前記添加成分を添加しない基本培地のみの培地にも前培養した前記発光細菌を接種し、同様の条件で本培養し、得られたものの発光強度を測定した。
【００２３】
発光強度は本培養した培養液を前記基本培地で１００倍に希釈したものの発光強度をルミノメーター（マイクロテックニチオン社製、Ｇｅｎｅ−Ｌｉｇｈｔ ５５）で測定して得た。結果は表１に示す通りであった。なお、発光強度の数値は基本培地のみの場合の数値を１００とした場合の相対値で示した。
【００２４】
【表１】
実験に供したアミノ酸関連物質及びキトサンのうち、フォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株の発光強度を上昇させる活性を持つものは、Ｌ−アスパラギン酸・Ｄ−アスパラギン酸・Ｌ−システイン（シスチンを含む）・Ｄ−システイン（シスチンを含む）及びキトサンであった。なお、システインは酸化され易いのでシスチンとなっているものが存在すると考えられる。
【００２６】
実施例２： 実施例１で発光強度を上昇させる活性が見出された、Ｌ−アスパラギン酸・Ｄ−アスパラギン酸・Ｌ−システイン（シスチンを含む）・Ｄ−システイン（シスチンを含む）及びキトサンをそれぞれ最終濃度が０．２μｇ／ｍＬ〜２，０００（または１，０００）μｇ／ｍＬの範囲で７（または６）段階の濃度になるように基本培地（１／２ＳＷＣ−Ｇ）に加えた。そして、実施例１と同様に発光細菌フォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株を接種・振盪培養したものの相対発光度を測定した。その結果を表２に示す。なお、発光強度の数値は基本培地のみの場合の数値を１００とした場合の相対値で示した。
【００２７】
【表２】
表２に示したように、Ｌ−アスパラギン酸は２０μｇ／ｍＬ〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬ、Ｄ−アスパラギン酸は０．２μｇ／ｍＬ〜５００μｇ／ｍＬ、Ｌ−システイン（シスチンを含む）及びＤ−システイン（シスチンを含む）は０．２μｇ／ｍＬ〜１０００μｇ／ｍＬの各濃度範囲で発光細菌フォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株の発光強度を上昇させる活性があった。
【００２９】
また、キトサンは２００μｇ／ｍＬ以上で発光強度を上昇させる活性があり、高濃度での活性の飽和が見られた。このことは、上記４種のアミノ酸が高濃度では阻害傾向を示したのとは異なっていた。
【００３０】
実施例３： 実施例１で発光強度を上昇させる活性が見出された、Ｌ−アスパラギン酸・Ｄ−アスパラギン酸・Ｌ−システイン（シスチンを含む）・Ｄ−システイン（シスチンを含む）及びキトサンを最終濃度が各６７μｇ／ｍＬになるように基本培地（１／２ＳＷＣ−Ｇ）に加えた。そして、実施例１と同様に発光細菌フォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株を接種・振盪培養したものの相対発光強度を測定した。その結果を表３に示す。なお、発光強度の数値は基本培地のみの場合の数値を１００とした場合の相対値で示した。
【００３１】
【表３】
表３に示したように、上記５種の物質は、それぞれを組み合わせることによっても、発光細菌フォトバクテリウム・フォスフォリウム（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）ＲＬ−１株の発光強度をさらに上昇させることができた。
【００３３】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、化学物質（蛍光物質）を使わないので、化学物質による環境汚染を防止し、また食品の安全性が確保できるという効果がある。
【００３４】
また、この発明によれば、従来の発光細菌を用いた餌より更に発光強度の強い餌が得られるので、夜間や深場等の暗い場所での魚による餌の食い付きが更に良くなるという効果がある。
【００３５】
また、この発明によれば、餌が生きている動きをするので、魚による餌の食い付きが更に良くなるという効果がある。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a luminous bait used for fishing and a luminous bacterium which coexists or adheres to the bait.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among the baits used for fishing, glowing baits are disclosed in JP-A-5-168385, JP-A-9-271327, JP-A-9-299005, JP-A-10-210937 and JP-A-11-164640. Various proposals have been made.
[0003]
In other words, JP-A-5-168385 discloses a method in which a coating agent in which a thickener and a luminous agent are mixed is applied to the surface of a raw bait to enhance the effect of collecting fish in night fishing, fishing in a dark place such as a deep place, or the like. A fishing bait is disclosed.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-271327 discloses that a solution obtained by adding salt and agar to an extract of fish and shellfish and a stimulant for feeding fish while heating and cooling the mixture to form a gel is obtained. A pseudo bait has been disclosed in which bacteria are added to improve the bite of fish in the dark.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-299005 discloses that an edible material having an adhesive property to natural fishing baits such as mosquitoes and isomes contains a phosphorescent agent, and the edible material is applied to at least a part of the surface of the natural fishing bait. A fishing bait is disclosed that has been applied to improve the bite of fish in the dark sea.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-210937 discloses that a natural luminescent bacterium is immobilized while remaining alive by a natural polymer, and the immobilized bacterium is added to a raw mash of a natural feed dyed with a dye and mixed with a food gelling agent. A fishing bait that is shaped and improves the bite of fish in the dark sea is disclosed.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-164640 discloses that a phosphorescent agent is wetted with a water-insoluble liquid such as animal and vegetable oils or coated with a water-repellent substance such as silicone so that it does not come into contact with moisture. This is dispersed in a solution for gelling, and the solution is coated on fishing baits such as raw krill or the solution is gelled and formed to form a fishing bait effective for night fishing. ing.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the luminous agents used in these fishing baits have a doubt or problem in terms of environmental pollution and safety, and have a drawback that the luminescence time is limited. Further, in the case of fishing bait using luminescent bacteria, a fishing bait with a very high luminous intensity has not been obtained, and a fishing bait with a higher luminous intensity has been desired.
[0009]
Also, fish tend to recognize things that move like creatures as food, but none of the above-mentioned baits sway in seawater but do not move like creatures, so they act as bait, That is, the bite on the food was not as expected.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a moving food which has no problem in environmental pollution and safety, has a high luminous intensity, and has a good bite.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for culturing a luminescent bacterium according to the present invention is selected from aspartic acid (L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid), cysteine (L-cysteine, D-cysteine), cystine (L-cystine, D-cystine) and chitosan. A luminous bacterium is cultured in a medium containing one or more of the above-mentioned luminescent bacteria. In addition, the glowing live bait according to the present invention is obtained by causing the luminescent bacteria to coexist or adhere to a marine animal.
[0012]
Here, as the marine animals, for example, mosquitoes, isomes, blue isomers, and other worms and krill can be mentioned, but other marine animals may be used as long as they are used as live food.
[0013]
Examples of the luminescent bacterium include Photobacterium phosphorium (Photobacterium phosphoreum), Photobacterium leiognati (Photobacterium leiognathi), Photobacterium (Vibrio) fischeri (Photobacterium (Vibrio) vibrio fischeriovibrio fischer), harveyi) is preferred.
[0014]
Further, the concentration of the L-aspartic acid is preferably 20 to 1000 μg / mL. When the concentration of L-aspartic acid is in the range of 20 to 1000 μg / mL, the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacteria can be increased. However, when the concentration is less than 20 μg / mL or exceeds 1000 μg / mL, sufficient luminescence intensity cannot be obtained. It is because.
[0015]
Further, the concentration of the D-aspartic acid is preferably 0.2 to 500 μg / mL. When the concentration of D-aspartic acid is in the range of 0.2 to 500 μg / mL, the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacteria can be increased. However, when the concentration is less than 0.2 μg / mL or exceeds 500 μg / mL, sufficient luminescence intensity is obtained. It is because it becomes impossible to obtain.
[0016]
The cysteine (L-cysteine, D-cysteine) and cystine (L-cystine, D-cystine) preferably have a concentration of 0.2 to 1000 μg / mL. When the concentration of cysteine or cystine is in the range of 0.2 to 1000 μg / mL, the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacteria can be increased. However, when the concentration is less than 0.2 μg / mL or exceeds 1000 μg / mL, sufficient luminescence intensity is obtained. This is because they will not be able to.
[0017]
The concentration of the chitosan is preferably from 200 to 2000 μg / mL. This is because when the concentration of chitosan is in the range of 200 to 2000 μg / mL, the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacteria can be increased, but when the concentration is less than 200 μg / mL, sufficient luminescence intensity cannot be obtained. Note that the upper limit of the concentration of chitosan, 2000 μg / mL, is merely the absence of data, and is not intended to exclude cases exceeding 2000 μg / mL.
[0018]
As the basic medium containing the amino acid, for example, a medium for marine bacteria in which peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, etc. are dissolved in natural seawater or artificial seawater can be used, but the component composition of the basic medium is not limited to this. However, other components having a different component composition may be used as long as marine bacteria can be cultured.
[0019]
【Example】
Example 1: First, 2.5 g of bacto peptone and 1.5 g of bacto yeast extract were weighed, added to 750 mL of seawater, adjusted to pH 7.5 with sodium hydroxide, and distilled water was added to the whole. The volume was adjusted to 1000 mL, and a basal medium (1 / 2SWC-G) was prepared.
[0020]
Next, luminescent bacteria were added to this basal medium (1 / 2SWC-G), and pre-cultured for 20 hours while shaking at 20 ° C. As the luminescent bacterium, Photobacterium phosphorium (Photobacterium phosphoreum) RL-1 strain (collected from Otsuchi Bay marine sediment, Iwate Prefecture) was used.
[0021]
Next, L-alanine, L-cysteine, glycine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, 1.5 mL of each basic medium (1 / 2SWC-G) having the same composition as the above-mentioned basic medium were added. 15 μL of a 20 mg / mL aqueous solution (or suspension) of taurine, sarcosine, D-alanine, D-aspartic acid, and chitosan was added, and each was added so that the final concentration became 200 μg / mL. Different media were prepared.
[0022]
Next, the luminescent bacteria pre-cultured were inoculated into these mediums, and main-cultured for 20 hours while shaking at 20 ° C., and the luminescence intensity of the obtained products was measured. The pre-cultured luminescent bacteria were also inoculated into a medium containing only the basic medium to which the additional components were not added, and main culture was performed under the same conditions, and the luminescence intensity of the obtained product was measured.
[0023]
The luminescence intensity was obtained by measuring the luminescence intensity of a culture solution obtained by main culture diluted 100-fold with the above-mentioned basic medium using a luminometer (Gene-Light 55, manufactured by Microtechnion Co., Ltd.). The results were as shown in Table 1. In addition, the numerical value of the luminescence intensity was shown as a relative value when the numerical value in the case of the basic medium alone was set to 100.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Among the amino acid-related substances and chitosan used in the experiment, those having an activity to increase the luminescence intensity of Photobacterium phosphorium (Photobacterium phosphoreum) RL-1 strain are L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid and L-aspartic acid. -Cysteine (including cystine)-D-cysteine (including cystine) and chitosan. Since cysteine is easily oxidized, it is considered that cysteine exists as cystine.
[0026]
Example 2: L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid, L-cysteine (including cystine), D-cysteine (including cystine), and chitosan, which were found to have the activity of increasing luminescence intensity in Example 1. Each was added to the basal medium (1 / 2SWC-G) so that the final concentration ranged from 0.2 μg / mL to 2,000 (or 1,000) μg / mL to have 7 (or 6) concentrations. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the relative luminous intensity of the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum RL-1 strain inoculated and cultured with shaking was measured. Table 2 shows the results. In addition, the numerical value of the luminescence intensity was shown as a relative value when the numerical value in the case of the basic medium alone was set to 100.
[0027]
[Table 2]
As shown in Table 2, L-aspartic acid was 20 μg / mL to 1000 μg / mL, D-aspartic acid was 0.2 μg / mL to 500 μg / mL, L-cysteine (including cystine) and D-cysteine (cystine). Has an activity to increase the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum RL-1 strain in each concentration range of 0.2 μg / mL to 1000 μg / mL.
[0029]
In addition, chitosan had an activity of increasing the emission intensity at 200 μg / mL or more, and saturation of the activity was observed at a high concentration. This was different from the above four amino acids which showed a tendency to inhibit at high concentrations.
[0030]
Example 3: L-aspartic acid, D-aspartic acid, L-cysteine (including cystine), D-cysteine (including cystine), and chitosan, which were found to have an activity of increasing luminescence intensity in Example 1. The final concentration was added to the basal medium (1 / 2SWC-G) to be 67 μg / mL. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the relative luminescence intensity of the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum RL-1 strain inoculated and cultured with shaking was measured. Table 3 shows the results. In addition, the numerical value of the luminescence intensity was shown as a relative value when the numerical value in the case of the basic medium alone was set to 100.
[0031]
[Table 3]
As shown in Table 3, the above five kinds of substances could further increase the luminescence intensity of the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum RL-1 strain by combining each of them. .
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since no chemical substance (fluorescent substance) is used, there is an effect that environmental pollution due to the chemical substance can be prevented and food safety can be ensured.
[0034]
Further, according to the present invention, a bait having a higher luminous intensity than that of a bait using a conventional luminescent bacterium can be obtained. There is.
[0035]
Further, according to the present invention, since the bait moves alive, there is an effect that the bite of the bait by the fish is further improved.
Claims (13)
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| JP2007054735A (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-08 | Kazuhiro Kogure | Sludge purification method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2007054735A (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-08 | Kazuhiro Kogure | Sludge purification method |
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