JP2004111168A - Conductive paste - Google Patents

Conductive paste Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004111168A
JP2004111168A JP2002270958A JP2002270958A JP2004111168A JP 2004111168 A JP2004111168 A JP 2004111168A JP 2002270958 A JP2002270958 A JP 2002270958A JP 2002270958 A JP2002270958 A JP 2002270958A JP 2004111168 A JP2004111168 A JP 2004111168A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
copper
conductive paste
powder
zinc
copper powder
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JP2002270958A
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JP4089368B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshio Oka
岡 良雄
Norikata Hayashi
林 憲器
Shigeto Yagi
八木 成人
Takeshi Miyazaki
宮崎 健史
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a conductive paste of a copper base with low cost and hardly deteriorating with time, necessary for a pattern forming of a miniaturized electric circuit. <P>SOLUTION: Oxidation of a copper surface is prevented to keep its conductivity by adding an unsaturated fatty acid and metal powder having greater ionization tendency than copper as additives to a conductive paste mainly composed of copper powder and synthetic resin solution. Zinc or an alloy including zinc is preferable for a metal having greater ionization tendency than copper. Amount of adding is 0.2 to 10 weight parts of the unsaturated fatty acid to 100 weight parts of the copper powder, and preferably, zinc is to be used as metal powder having greater ionization tendency than copper within a range from 0.2 to 10 weight parts. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主として電気回路形成用や電気的接続用、さらには電磁波シールド用に使われる導電性ペーストに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
導電性ペーストは、電子機器類の電気回路形成に用いられている。以前は、ポリイミド樹脂フィルム等に銅箔を貼り、パターンエッチング等で電気回路形成を行っていたが、最近では、導電性ペーストをインクとして、スクリーン印刷による電気回路形成したものが使用されている。また、電子機器から発せられる電磁波による健康障害が話題となっており、こうした機器の電磁波遮蔽効果を有する導電性ペーストの利用も高まっている。
【0003】
使用される導電性ペーストは、古くは銀粉末を樹脂溶液に混合した導電性ペーストを用いた電気的接続用であったが、用途の増加と共に、銅粉末、ニッケル粉末等が用いられるようになった。銅粉末は導電率がよく、銀粉末に比べ、安価であるので、量産には好都合であるが、空気中で粉末表面が酸化する事による、導電率の低下現象を有する。ニッケル粉末は、銅粉末ほど酸化による導電率の低下は起こりにくいが、素材自体の導電率が銀や銅に比べ劣り、価格的には銅粉末より高い。
また、銀はマイグレーションについても銅に比べ発生しやすい。
【0004】
量産化するためには、銅粉末の酸化を対策することになるが、その一例として特開平4−146974号公報では、銅粉末と合成樹脂からなる導電性ペーストに、添加物としてアスコルビン酸の長鎖アルキルエステル類もしくはピリドキシンの長鎖アルキルエステル類と、塩基性高級脂肪族アミン、窒素含有異節環状化合物を加えることで、銅粉末の酸化を防止する手段を開示している。これらの添加剤が銅の酸化防止にどのように寄与するのかは、記載がないので不明である。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−146974号公報(第1頁左下欄〜右下欄、第2頁左下欄)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
導電性ペースト中の銅粉末は、電気回路の微細化と共に微細なパターンを有するスクリーン印刷に対応して、非常に微粉化する傾向にある。こうした微粉の銅粉末は、その比表面積が非常に大きく、大気中の酸素で表面が容易に酸化される。酸化されることにより、導電性が低下する。酸化防止には、前記先行技術文献に開示されているように、導電性ペースト中に銅粉表面の酸化防止用添加物を加えるのが妥当である。しかし、微細化した電気回路の長期的使用においては、さらなる酸化防止効果を有する手段が必要である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、銅粉末と合成樹脂を主体とし、これに不飽和脂肪酸及びイオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末を含むことを特徴とする導電性ペーストである。
添加剤に、不飽和脂肪酸とイオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末を使用する理由は、以下の通りである。不飽和脂肪酸の不飽和結合が銅粉末表面の酸素と結合する。これは共有結合であるから、その際に必要な電子を、銅よりもイオン化傾向が大きい金属粉末が不飽和脂肪酸を含むペースト内でイオン化する際に放出する電子で補給する。
【0008】
前記イオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末は、銅とのイオン化傾向の差が大きい金属(Ca、Na、K、Alなど)ほどその効果はあるが、即効性が大きすぎると、長期的安定性が不足する。また、銅とのイオン化傾向差が小さい金属(Sn、Pbなど)の場合は、長期的安定性はあるが、効果を得るためには相当量の添加が必要になる。好ましくは銅とのイオン化傾向差が十分あり、大気中でも比較的に安定であり、且つ低価格である亜鉛又は亜鉛を含む合金が良い。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用する銅粉末は、電解銅粉や還元銅粉を用いる。粒の形状は、球状、フレーク状、針状、鎖状など何れでもよい。粒度は平均径が0.01μmから100μmのものが好ましい。なお、ここで言う平均径は粒子の(長径+短径)/2を基準にしている。量的には、使用用途によりやや異なるが、好ましくは導電性ペースト(溶剤を含まない)全体の70〜95重量%、より好ましくは75〜90重量%を用いる。
【0010】
また、合成樹脂には、飽和もしくは不飽和のポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂及びウレタン樹脂から選択するのが良く、特に使用温度、環境等に適したものを選択できる。この他、ポリオレフィンやポリアミド樹脂のような熱可塑性樹脂でも使用できるが、使用温度や長期安定性を考慮すると、前述のような熱硬化性樹脂群から選択するのが好ましい。
樹脂を溶解する溶剤は、樹脂を溶解するのに適した溶剤であれば使用できるが、酸化性の大きい溶剤は控える方が組成上好都合であり、樹脂溶解性の良い良溶媒と希釈剤を組み合わせて用いても良い。また、硫黄やハロゲンを含む極性溶剤も控えるのが好ましい。本発明では、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ブチルセロソルブアセテート、メチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール、メチルカルビトールアセテート、エチルカルビトールアセテート、ブチルカルビトールアセテート、イソホロン、ターピネオール、DMF、NMP、NM2P、クレゾール、γブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン等が好適に用いられる。
【0011】
本発明に添加剤として加える不飽和脂肪酸は、銅粉末の表面に形成される酸化銅皮膜から酸素を引き出す役割として重要である。不飽和脂肪酸中の不飽和二重結合部がその役割を担うため、飽和脂肪酸では意味がない。不飽和脂肪酸であれば使用可能であるが、オレイン酸や、リノール酸、リノレン酸等が使用できる。添加量は、使用用途によって変更できるが、スクリーン印刷等に用いる電気回路形成用であれば、銅粉末100重量部に対して0.2〜10重量部の範囲が好ましい。0.2重量部未満では銅表面の還元力に乏しく、10重量部を越えると、使用する樹脂の量を圧迫するため、固定性(樹脂分減による)に不安を生ずる。より好ましくは、0.5〜5重量部とするのがよい。
【0012】
イオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉は、前述のように亜鉛もしくは亜鉛合金が好ましく用いられる。量的には、銅粉末100重量部に対し、亜鉛換算で0.2〜10重量部添加するのが好ましい。0.2重量部未満では銅への電子供給量が不足の傾向となる。10重量部を越えると銅への電子提供効果が飽和気味になり、かつその存在による導電性低下となる傾向がある。より好ましくは0.5〜5重量部とするのが良い。
【0013】
導電性ペーストを作製する手段は、まず、合成樹脂を溶剤に溶解させる。必要であれば加熱溶解する。溶液ができたら、これに銅粉末を撹拌しつつ徐々に加え、混合する。添加剤としての不飽和脂肪酸とイオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末も同時もしくは後で混合すればよい。脱気が必要であるから、混合後減圧による脱気もしくは、減圧下での混合をするのが好ましい。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を示すが、本発明は実施例に限定するものではない。
(実施例1)混合機に、シンキー(株)の(商品名)あわとり練太郎を用意した。これに合成樹脂として不飽和ポリエステル10重量部を投入し、エチルカルビトールアセテート20重量部で溶解し、溶液を作製した。これに平均径1μmの球状の電解銅粉を100重量部混合した。さらに樹脂の硬化剤用にブロックイソシアネートを2重量部、不飽和脂肪酸としてリノール酸を2.5重量部、亜鉛粉末(平均粒径2μm)を2重量部加え均一になるまで撹拌混合した。
出来上がった導電性ペーストを用いて、ポリイミドシート上にスクリーン印刷し、電気回路を形成した。電気回路は幅5mmで直線のテストパターンとした。このシートを窒素雰囲気の炉にて200℃、30分加熱硬化させ、プリント回路を作製した。
【0015】
(実施例2〜8、比較例1〜6)実施例1と同様にして、表1及び表2に示す配合を用いて導電性ペーストを作製し、その導電性ペーストを用い、実施例1と同様に、ポリイミドシートにプリント回路テストパターンを作製した。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 2004111168
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 2004111168
【0018】
(実施例1〜8、比較例1〜6)テスターを用いて、上記で作製したプリント回路テストパターンの抵抗値を4探針法もしくはテスターにて測定した。計測は、幅5mm、長さ3cmの直線状の回路を用いて行った。結果を抵抗率として表3に示す。表3の結果から、本発明における銅粉末と樹脂を主体とする導電性ペーストには不飽和脂肪酸と亜鉛粉末の両方が必要であることが明白である。即ち、不飽和脂肪酸が銅表面の銅酸化物から酸素を取り出し、共有結合をする。この結果電子不足となった銅粉末に亜鉛のイオン化による電子供給が行われるため、銅粉末表面が還元される。銅粉末は、電子供給によって表面の活性化が押さえられ、安定した導電性を維持する。また、使用する銅粉末の大きさにより、組み合わせ効果が変化し、銅粉末に平均径0.5μmを用いた実施例、比較例ではその効果がより明確になる。
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 2004111168
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明になる導電性ペーストは、大気中の酸化に耐え、且つ電気回路形成後にも導電性を維持できる良好な電気特性を有する、製造コストに見合った材料として好適である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a conductive paste mainly used for forming an electric circuit and for electrical connection, and further for shielding electromagnetic waves.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The conductive paste is used for forming electric circuits of electronic devices. In the past, copper foil was attached to a polyimide resin film or the like and an electric circuit was formed by pattern etching or the like. Recently, an electric circuit formed by screen printing using a conductive paste as ink has been used. In addition, health problems due to electromagnetic waves emitted from electronic devices have become a hot topic, and the use of conductive paste having an electromagnetic wave shielding effect in such devices has been increasing.
[0003]
In the past, the conductive paste used was for electrical connection using a conductive paste in which silver powder was mixed with a resin solution, but with the increase in applications, copper powder, nickel powder, etc. have come to be used. Was. Copper powder has good conductivity and is inexpensive as compared with silver powder, so it is convenient for mass production. However, copper powder has a phenomenon of lowering conductivity due to oxidation of the powder surface in air. Nickel powder is less susceptible to reduction in conductivity due to oxidation than copper powder, but the conductivity of the material itself is inferior to silver and copper, and is higher in price than copper powder.
In addition, silver is more likely to occur in migration than copper.
[0004]
For mass production, measures must be taken to prevent oxidation of the copper powder. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-146974 discloses an example in which a conductive paste made of a copper powder and a synthetic resin is added to a conductive paste made of a synthetic resin. A means for preventing oxidation of copper powder by adding a chain alkyl ester or a long chain alkyl ester of pyridoxine, a basic higher aliphatic amine and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is disclosed. It is not clear how these additives contribute to the prevention of oxidation of copper because there is no description.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-4-146974 (lower left column to lower right column on page 1, lower left column on page 2)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The copper powder in the conductive paste tends to become very fine in accordance with screen printing having a fine pattern along with miniaturization of an electric circuit. Such fine copper powder has a very large specific surface area and its surface is easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. Oxidation lowers the conductivity. To prevent oxidation, it is appropriate to add an additive for preventing oxidation of the copper powder surface into the conductive paste as disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document. However, in the long-term use of miniaturized electric circuits, means having a further antioxidant effect is required.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a conductive paste characterized by being mainly composed of a copper powder and a synthetic resin, and further including an unsaturated fatty acid and a metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper.
The reason why a metal powder having an unsaturated fatty acid and a higher ionization tendency than copper is used as an additive is as follows. Unsaturated bonds of unsaturated fatty acids combine with oxygen on the copper powder surface. Since this is a covalent bond, electrons required at that time are replenished with electrons emitted when the metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper ionizes in the paste containing unsaturated fatty acids.
[0008]
The metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper has the effect as the metal (Ca, Na, K, Al, etc.) having a large difference in the ionization tendency with copper has a long-term stability if the immediate effect is too large. Run out. In the case of a metal (Sn, Pb, etc.) having a small difference in ionization tendency from copper, although a long-term stability is obtained, a considerable amount of addition is required to obtain the effect. Preferably, zinc or an alloy containing zinc, which has a sufficient ionization tendency difference from copper, is relatively stable even in the air, and is inexpensive, is preferable.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As the copper powder used in the present invention, electrolytic copper powder or reduced copper powder is used. The shape of the particles may be any of a spherical shape, a flake shape, a needle shape, and a chain shape. The particle size is preferably one having an average diameter of 0.01 μm to 100 μm. Here, the average diameter is based on (major axis + minor axis) / 2 of the particles. The amount varies slightly depending on the intended use, but is preferably 70 to 95% by weight, more preferably 75 to 90% by weight of the entire conductive paste (not including the solvent).
[0010]
The synthetic resin is preferably selected from a saturated or unsaturated polyester resin, a phenol resin, a melamine resin, a xylene resin, a polyimide resin, and a urethane resin. In particular, a resin suitable for use temperature, environment and the like can be selected. In addition, a thermoplastic resin such as a polyolefin or a polyamide resin can also be used. However, in consideration of a use temperature and long-term stability, it is preferable to select from the above-described thermosetting resin group.
As the solvent for dissolving the resin, any solvent suitable for dissolving the resin can be used.However, it is more convenient to refrain from using a solvent having a large oxidizing property, and a good solvent and a diluent having good resin solubility are combined. May be used. It is also preferable to refrain from polar solvents containing sulfur and halogen. In the present invention, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, methyl carbitol acetate, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, isophorone, Terpineol, DMF, NMP, NM2P, cresol, γ-butyrolactone, cyclohexanone and the like are preferably used.
[0011]
The unsaturated fatty acid added as an additive to the present invention plays an important role in extracting oxygen from the copper oxide film formed on the surface of the copper powder. Saturated fatty acids are meaningless because the unsaturated double bond in unsaturated fatty acids plays a role. Any unsaturated fatty acid can be used, but oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and the like can be used. The amount of addition may vary depending on the intended use, but is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of copper powder for forming an electric circuit used for screen printing or the like. If the amount is less than 0.2 parts by weight, the reducing power of the copper surface is poor, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, the amount of the resin to be used is pressed, so that the fixing property (due to the reduction in the amount of the resin) is uneasy. More preferably, the amount is 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
[0012]
As described above, zinc or a zinc alloy is preferably used as the metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper. In terms of quantity, it is preferable to add 0.2 to 10 parts by weight in terms of zinc based on 100 parts by weight of copper powder. If the amount is less than 0.2 parts by weight, the amount of supplied electrons to copper tends to be insufficient. If it exceeds 10 parts by weight, the effect of providing electrons to copper tends to be saturated, and the presence thereof tends to lower the conductivity. More preferably, the content is 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
[0013]
The means for producing the conductive paste first dissolves the synthetic resin in a solvent. Heat and dissolve if necessary. When a solution is formed, copper powder is gradually added to this with stirring and mixed. An unsaturated fatty acid as an additive and a metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper may be mixed simultaneously or later. Since deaeration is necessary, it is preferable to perform deaeration by reduced pressure after mixing or mixing under reduced pressure.
[0014]
【Example】
Examples are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
(Example 1) Nawataro Nawataro (trade name) of Shinky Co., Ltd. was prepared in a mixer. 10 parts by weight of an unsaturated polyester as a synthetic resin was added thereto, and dissolved with 20 parts by weight of ethyl carbitol acetate to prepare a solution. This was mixed with 100 parts by weight of a spherical electrolytic copper powder having an average diameter of 1 μm. Further, 2 parts by weight of a blocked isocyanate, 2.5 parts by weight of linoleic acid as an unsaturated fatty acid, and 2 parts by weight of zinc powder (average particle size: 2 μm) were added as a curing agent for the resin, and stirred and mixed until uniform.
Using the completed conductive paste, screen printing was performed on a polyimide sheet to form an electric circuit. The electric circuit was a straight test pattern having a width of 5 mm. This sheet was cured by heating at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a printed circuit.
[0015]
(Examples 2 to 8, Comparative Examples 1 to 6) In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive paste was prepared by using the formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the conductive paste was used. Similarly, a printed circuit test pattern was formed on a polyimide sheet.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004111168
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004111168
[0018]
(Examples 1 to 8, Comparative Examples 1 to 6) Using a tester, the resistance value of the printed circuit test pattern prepared above was measured by a four-probe method or a tester. The measurement was performed using a linear circuit having a width of 5 mm and a length of 3 cm. The results are shown in Table 3 as resistivity. From the results in Table 3, it is clear that the conductive paste mainly containing copper powder and resin in the present invention requires both unsaturated fatty acids and zinc powder. That is, the unsaturated fatty acid extracts oxygen from the copper oxide on the copper surface and forms a covalent bond. As a result, electrons are supplied to the copper powder having a shortage of electrons by ionization of zinc, so that the surface of the copper powder is reduced. The activation of the surface of the copper powder is suppressed by the supply of electrons, and the copper powder maintains stable conductivity. Further, the combination effect changes depending on the size of the copper powder used, and the effect becomes clearer in Examples and Comparative Examples using an average diameter of 0.5 μm for the copper powder.
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004111168
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The conductive paste according to the present invention is suitable as a material that resists oxidation in the atmosphere and has good electric characteristics that can maintain conductivity even after forming an electric circuit, and is suitable for manufacturing costs.

Claims (4)

銅粉末と合成樹脂溶液を主体とし、これに不飽和脂肪酸及びイオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末を含むことを特徴とする導電性ペースト。A conductive paste comprising a copper powder and a synthetic resin solution as main components, and an unsaturated fatty acid and a metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper. 前記イオン化傾向が銅よりも大きい金属粉末が、亜鉛又は亜鉛を含む合金である請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト。The conductive paste according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder having a higher ionization tendency than copper is zinc or an alloy containing zinc. 前記亜鉛又は亜鉛を含む合金が、銅粉末100重量部に対して亜鉛換算で0.5〜5重量部の範囲である請求項2に記載の導電性ペースト。The conductive paste according to claim 2, wherein the zinc or the alloy containing zinc is in a range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight in terms of zinc based on 100 parts by weight of the copper powder. 前記不飽和脂肪酸が、銅粉末100重量部に対して0.5〜5重量部の範囲である請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の導電性ペースト。The conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is in a range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the copper powder.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010032841A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 旭硝子株式会社 Conductive filler, conductive paste and article having conductive film
JP2015109195A (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 京都エレックス株式会社 Thermosetting type electroconductive paste composition
JP7447805B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2024-03-12 昭栄化学工業株式会社 Silver paste for forming internal electrodes of multilayer inductors
JP7447804B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2024-03-12 昭栄化学工業株式会社 Silver paste for forming internal electrodes of multilayer inductors

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010032841A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 旭硝子株式会社 Conductive filler, conductive paste and article having conductive film
JP2015109195A (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 京都エレックス株式会社 Thermosetting type electroconductive paste composition
JP7447805B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2024-03-12 昭栄化学工業株式会社 Silver paste for forming internal electrodes of multilayer inductors
JP7447804B2 (en) 2018-12-26 2024-03-12 昭栄化学工業株式会社 Silver paste for forming internal electrodes of multilayer inductors

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