JP2004111079A - Metal separator for fuel cell and solid polymer type fuel cell using the same - Google Patents

Metal separator for fuel cell and solid polymer type fuel cell using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004111079A
JP2004111079A JP2002268451A JP2002268451A JP2004111079A JP 2004111079 A JP2004111079 A JP 2004111079A JP 2002268451 A JP2002268451 A JP 2002268451A JP 2002268451 A JP2002268451 A JP 2002268451A JP 2004111079 A JP2004111079 A JP 2004111079A
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Prior art keywords
metal
fuel cell
coating layer
based conductive
conductive coating
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koji Sato
佐藤 幸司
Yoshiaki Fukatsu
深津 佳昭
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Nissei Corp
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Nissei Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method for a metal separator for a fuel cell having sufficient corrosion resistance, conductivity and strength at low cost, and a fuel cell using this. <P>SOLUTION: This metal separator for a fuel cell provided with a metal base part made of Al, Mg or an alloy metal of them, a metal type conductive coating layer provided on it and a graphite type conductive coating layer provided on it further can be completed within the same process / device by realizing with coating based on the two layer surface coating using a resin or a rubber as a binder, and low cost can be realized.By sandwiching the metal type conductive coating layer with corrosion resistance between the base material and the graphite type conductive coating layer, the film thickness of the graphite type conductive coating layer can be made thin, and high conductivity is also achieved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は固体高分子型燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法及びそれを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池に関するものである。
【002】
【従来の技術】
固体高分子型燃料電池を構成するセパレータは、高分子電解質膜を両側から挟持する各電極又は各ガス拡散層に接触配置され、燃料ガス及び酸化ガスのガス供給流路を形成するとともに、ガスの不透過性、耐食性、電気伝導性に優れたものが要求される。
【003】
一般にセパレータには熱硬化性樹脂をバインドし成型するカーボン材料(従来例特開2001−143721参照)、又は金属材料(従来例特開H11−162478参照)が用いられる。
【004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
樹脂バインドしたカーボン材料は、金属製セパレータに比較し電気伝導性に劣り、燃料電池に用いた場合、エネルギー損失が増加する。
【005】
一方、金属材料を用いたセパレータは、高い電気伝導性を有する。しかしながら、燃料電池内の環境では耐食性に劣るために、金属イオンの溶出が発生し、高分子電解質膜のイオン伝導能を低下させる。
【006】
このため、前記金属材料に耐食性に優れる貴金属メッキ、または金属窒化物のイオンプレーティングを施す(従来例特開2001−68129参照)ことが検討されている。しかしながら、貴金属メッキや金属窒化物のイオンプレーティングは高価であり、コストの上昇を招く問題がある。
【007】
そこで金属材料の基材に、薄い貴金属メッキとカーボン材料の複合コーティングを施し、これにより貴金属の使用量を削減し、材料コストを低くする(従来例特開2002−63914参照)ことが検討されている。しかしながら、メッキ工程とカーボンコーティングの二工程であるため、加工コストの上昇を招く問題がある。
【008】
本発明はこれらの問題を解決したもので、低コストで充分な耐食性と導電性と強度を有する燃料電池用金属セパレータに関するものである。
【009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の燃料電池用金属セパレータは、金属製のセパレータ基材と、セパレータを燃料電池に組み込んだときに隣接する部材と接触する面に少なくとも形成され、金属系導電性塗料によって構成される第一塗装層と、黒鉛系導電性塗料によって前記金属系導電性塗装層上に少なくとも形成される第二塗装層を備えることを要旨とする。
【010】
そして、第一塗装層と第二塗装層はともに塗装で施すことができるため、同一工程で完成することが可能であり、加工コストを低く抑えることができる。さらに、両塗装層ともに、塗装方法はディッピング、スプレー、ハケ塗り及び電着の内のいずれか簡易な塗装方法で施すことが可能である。さらに、充分な耐食性と電気伝導性を維持しながら、高価な導電性粒子の使用量を減らすことができる。
【011】
金属系導電性塗料で形成される第一塗装層は、金属製のセパレータ基材と、少なくともセパレータを燃料電池に組み込んだときに隣接する部材と接触する面に膜厚5〜100μmの膜厚で形成されるため、金属基材が酸化されて不働態を形成し電気伝導性を低下させてしまうことを防止する。
【012】
上記金属系導電性塗料に含有される導電性粒子の一つ目は、イオン化傾向が小さく耐食性が高い貴金属であり、Au、Ag、Cu及びPtの内の少なくとも一種である。
【013】
上記金属系導電性塗料に含有される導電性粒子の二つ目は、強固な不働態を形成し耐食性が高く、さらに高い電気伝導性を有す、金属窒化物または金属炭化物であり、CrN、TiN、TiAlN及びTiCの内の少なくとも一種である。
【014】
黒鉛系導電性塗料は耐食性をさらに高めるために施されるが、第一塗装層の金属系導電性塗料自体が高い耐腐食性を有するため、膜厚は10〜100μmで達成される。このために、黒鉛系導電性塗料のみで耐食性を高める場合や、熱硬化性樹脂をバインドしたカーボンセパレータよりも高い電気伝導性を示す。
【015】
前記金属系導電層及び黒鉛系導電層のバインダーは、耐酸性に優れる樹脂またはゴムであり、樹脂ではフェノール、エポキシ、アクリル及びフッ素、ゴムではEPDM、クロロピレン、ニトリル及びフッ素の内の少なくとも1つである。
【016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明のセパレータで使用する金属基材は、形状を鋳造もしくはダイカスト成型する場合は、Al、Mgまたはそれらの合金系金属が適している。尚、形状をプレス成型する場合は、ステンレス鋼、チタン、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル及び鋼からなる鋼板で製造することもできる。また、本発明のセパレータで使用する金属基材は、金属系導電性塗料で形成される第一塗装層の形成前に、金属基材の不働態皮膜を除去するために、エッチングや下地メッキ処理を施してもよい。
【017】
金属系導電性塗料と黒鉛系導電性塗料に用いるバインダーは、耐食性に優れる樹脂またはゴムであり、樹脂ではフェノール、エポキシ、アクリル及びフッ素、ゴムではEPDM、クロロピレン、ニトリル及びフッ素の内の少なくとも1つである。
【018】
金属系導電性塗料の導電性粒子の一つ目は、イオン化傾向の小さい耐食性の高い貴金属であり、 Au、Ag、Cu及びPtの内の少なくとも1つである。また、導電性粒子のコストと耐食性からAgが好ましい。
【019】
金属系導電性塗料の導電性粒子の二つ目は、強固な不働態を形成し、さらに高い電気伝導性を有す、金属窒化物と金属炭化物であり、CrN、TiN、TiAlN及びTiCの内の少なくとも1つである。
【020】
金属系導電性塗料の混合比率は、20〜80重量%であることが好ましい。また、体積抵抗率は貴金属導電性粒子で1x10↑−3〜−4Ω・cm程度が望ましい。
【021】
黒鉛系導電性塗料の混合比率は、20〜80重量%であることが好ましい。また、体積抵抗率は1x10↑−1〜−2Ω・cm程度が望ましい。
【022】
第一塗装層と第二塗装層はともに、ディッピング、スプレー、ハケ塗り及び電着のいずれか簡易な塗装方法で施すことが可能である。また、焼付条件はゴム系バインダーでは120℃で20分間、樹脂系バインダーでは120〜150℃で30分間程度にて行なうことができる。
【023】
【発明の効果】
上述したように、本発明の燃料電池用金属セパレータは、低コストで充分な耐食性と導電性及び強度を有し、固体高分子型燃料電池用として利用できる。
[0101]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell separator and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same.
[0092]
[Prior art]
The separator constituting the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is disposed in contact with each electrode or each gas diffusion layer sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane from both sides, and forms a gas supply flow path for the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas. A material having excellent impermeability, corrosion resistance, and electric conductivity is required.
[0093]
Generally, a carbon material (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-143721) or a metal material (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-162478) in which a thermosetting resin is bound and molded is used for the separator.
[0093]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Resin-bound carbon materials are inferior in electrical conductivity to metal separators, and increase energy loss when used in fuel cells.
[0056]
On the other hand, a separator using a metal material has high electric conductivity. However, in an environment in a fuel cell, corrosion resistance is inferior, so metal ions are eluted and the ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane is reduced.
[0086]
For this reason, it has been studied to apply noble metal plating or metal nitride ion plating having excellent corrosion resistance to the metal material (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-68129). However, noble metal plating and ion plating of metal nitride are expensive and have a problem of increasing the cost.
007
Therefore, it has been studied to apply a composite coating of a thin noble metal plating and a carbon material to a base material made of a metal material, thereby reducing the amount of noble metal used and lowering the material cost (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-63914). I have. However, since there are two steps, a plating step and a carbon coating, there is a problem that the processing cost is increased.
[0098]
The present invention solves these problems, and relates to a metal separator for a fuel cell which has sufficient corrosion resistance, conductivity and strength at low cost.
[0099]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The metal separator for a fuel cell of the present invention is a metal separator base material, and at least formed on a surface that comes into contact with an adjacent member when the separator is incorporated in a fuel cell, and is formed of a metal-based conductive paint. The gist of the present invention is to include a coating layer and a second coating layer formed at least on the metal-based conductive coating layer with a graphite-based conductive paint.
[0102]
And since both the first coating layer and the second coating layer can be applied by coating, they can be completed in the same process, and the processing cost can be reduced. Further, both coating layers can be applied by a simple coating method of dipping, spraying, brush coating, and electrodeposition. Further, the amount of expensive conductive particles used can be reduced while maintaining sufficient corrosion resistance and electric conductivity.
[0111]
The first coating layer formed of a metal-based conductive paint has a thickness of 5 to 100 μm on a metal separator base material and at least a surface that comes into contact with an adjacent member when the separator is incorporated in a fuel cell. Since it is formed, it is possible to prevent the metal base material from being oxidized to form a passive state and lower the electric conductivity.
[0122]
The first conductive particles contained in the metal-based conductive paint are precious metals having a low ionization tendency and high corrosion resistance, and are at least one of Au, Ag, Cu and Pt.
[0113]
The second of the conductive particles contained in the metal-based conductive paint is a metal nitride or metal carbide, which forms a strong passive state, has high corrosion resistance, and has high electric conductivity, and is a metal nitride or a metal carbide. It is at least one of TiN, TiAlN and TiC.
[0141]
The graphite-based conductive paint is applied to further increase the corrosion resistance. However, since the metal-based conductive paint itself of the first coating layer has high corrosion resistance, a film thickness of 10 to 100 μm is achieved. For this reason, it shows higher electrical conductivity than a case where the corrosion resistance is enhanced only by the graphite-based conductive paint or a carbon separator bound with a thermosetting resin.
[0151]
The binder of the metal-based conductive layer and the graphite-based conductive layer is a resin or rubber having excellent acid resistance, and the resin is phenol, epoxy, acrylic and fluorine, and the rubber is EPDM, chloropyrene, nitrile and fluorine. is there.
[0162]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
When casting or die-casting the shape of the metal substrate used in the separator of the present invention, Al, Mg, or an alloy metal thereof is suitable. When the shape is press-formed, it can be made of a steel plate made of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, copper, nickel and steel. Further, the metal substrate used in the separator of the present invention is subjected to an etching or base plating treatment to remove a passive film of the metal substrate before forming the first coating layer formed of the metal-based conductive paint. May be applied.
[0173]
The binder used for the metallic conductive paint and the graphite conductive paint is a resin or rubber having excellent corrosion resistance. For resin, phenol, epoxy, acrylic and fluorine, and for rubber, EPDM, chloropyrene, nitrile and at least one of fluorine. It is.
[0182]
The first of the conductive particles of the metal-based conductive paint is a noble metal having a low ionization tendency and high corrosion resistance, and is at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, and Pt. Ag is preferred from the viewpoint of cost and corrosion resistance of the conductive particles.
[0119]
The second of the conductive particles of the metal-based conductive paint is a metal nitride and a metal carbide which form a strong passivation and have a higher electric conductivity, and include CrN, TiN, TiAlN and TiC. At least one of
[0202]
The mixing ratio of the metallic conductive paint is preferably 20 to 80% by weight. The volume resistivity of the noble metal conductive particles is desirably about 1 × 10 3 −4 to −4 Ω · cm.
[0219]
The mixing ratio of the graphite conductive paint is preferably 20 to 80% by weight. The volume resistivity is desirably about 1 × 10 ↑ −1 to −2 Ω · cm.
[0222]
Both the first coating layer and the second coating layer can be applied by any of the simple coating methods of dipping, spraying, brush coating, and electrodeposition. The baking condition can be performed at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes for a rubber-based binder, and at about 120 to 150 ° C. for about 30 minutes for a resin-based binder.
[0230]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the metal separator for a fuel cell of the present invention has sufficient corrosion resistance, conductivity, and strength at low cost, and can be used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Claims (9)

Al、Mgまたはそれらの合金系金属によるダイカスト製の金属セパレータ基材と、該セパレータ基材を燃料電池に組み込んだときに隣接する部材と接触する面に少なくとも形成され、金属系導電性塗料によって構成される第一塗装層(以下金属系導電性塗装層)と、黒鉛系導電性塗料によって前記第一塗装層上に少なくとも形成される第二塗装層(以下黒鉛系導電性塗装層)を備える燃料電池用金属セパレータ及びこれを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池。Die-cast metal separator base made of Al, Mg or their alloy metals, and formed at least on a surface that comes into contact with an adjacent member when the separator base is incorporated into a fuel cell, and is formed of a metal-based conductive paint. Comprising a first paint layer (hereinafter referred to as a metal-based conductive paint layer) and a second paint layer (hereinafter referred to as a graphite-based conductive paint layer) formed at least on the first paint layer with a graphite-based conductive paint A metal separator for a battery and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same. 前記金属系導電性塗装層の厚さが、5μmから100μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。2. The metal separator for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal-based conductive coating layer is in a range of 5 μm to 100 μm. 前記金属系導電性塗装層に含有される導電性粒子が、貴金属Au、Ag、Cu及びPtの内の少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。3. The metal separator for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the conductive particles contained in the metal-based conductive coating layer are at least one of noble metals Au, Ag, Cu, and Pt. 4. 前記金属系導電性塗装層に含有される導電性粒子が、金属窒化物CrN、TiN及びTiAlNまたは金属炭化物TiCの内の少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the conductive particles contained in the metal-based conductive coating layer are at least one of metal nitrides CrN, TiN, TiAlN, and metal carbide TiC. 4. For metal separator. 前記金属系導電性塗装層の塗装方法が、ディッピング、スプレー、ハケ塗り及び電着のいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4いずれか記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。The metal separator for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a coating method of the metal-based conductive coating layer is any one of dipping, spraying, brush coating, and electrodeposition. 前記黒鉛系導電性塗装層の厚さが、10μmから100μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。The metal separator for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thickness of the graphite-based conductive coating layer is in a range of 10 µm to 100 µm. 前記黒鉛系導電性塗装層の塗装方法が、ディッピング、スプレー、ハケ塗り及び電着のいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項1または6記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。The metal separator for a fuel cell according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the method of applying the graphite-based conductive coating layer is any one of dipping, spraying, brush coating, and electrodeposition. 前記金属系導電性塗装層及び黒鉛系導電性塗装層のバインダーが、樹脂(フェノール、エポキシ及びアクリルの内のいずれか)又はゴム(EPDM、クロロピレン及びニトリルの内のいずれか)であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7いずれか記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータ。The binder of the metal-based conductive coating layer and the graphite-based conductive coating layer is a resin (any of phenol, epoxy and acrylic) or a rubber (any of EPDM, chloropyrene and nitrile). The metal separator for a fuel cell according to claim 1. 請求項1〜8いずれか記載の燃料電池用金属セパレータを用いた、固体高分子型燃料電池。A polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the metal separator for a fuel cell according to claim 1.
JP2002268451A 2002-09-13 2002-09-13 Metal separator for fuel cell and solid polymer type fuel cell using the same Pending JP2004111079A (en)

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JP2004288419A (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-10-14 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Separator for fuel cell
JP2006156385A (en) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-15 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd Metal separator for fuel cell and manufacturing method of the same
JP2007311334A (en) * 2006-04-17 2007-11-29 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Separator for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same
JP2007537574A (en) * 2004-05-11 2007-12-20 ゼネラル・モーターズ・コーポレーション Laser welding of conductive coated metal bipolar plates.
WO2016080372A1 (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 株式会社プラズマイオンアシスト Separator for fuel cell or current collecting member for fuel cell, and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016195130A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-11-17 株式会社プラズマイオンアシスト Fuel cell separator or current collecting member, and manufacturing method thereof
WO2019082254A1 (en) 2017-10-24 2019-05-02 臼井国際産業株式会社 Metal material and method for producing same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004288419A (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-10-14 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Separator for fuel cell
JP2007537574A (en) * 2004-05-11 2007-12-20 ゼネラル・モーターズ・コーポレーション Laser welding of conductive coated metal bipolar plates.
JP2006156385A (en) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-15 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd Metal separator for fuel cell and manufacturing method of the same
JP4637007B2 (en) * 2004-11-25 2011-02-23 三星エスディアイ株式会社 Metal separator for fuel cell and manufacturing method thereof
JP2007311334A (en) * 2006-04-17 2007-11-29 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Separator for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same
WO2016080372A1 (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 株式会社プラズマイオンアシスト Separator for fuel cell or current collecting member for fuel cell, and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016100177A (en) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-30 株式会社プラズマイオンアシスト Fuel cell separator or current collecting member, and manufacturing method thereof
US10693169B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2020-06-23 Plasma Ion Assist Co., Ltd. Separator for fuel cell or current collecting member for fuel cell, and manufacturing method thereof
US11588168B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2023-02-21 Plasma Ion Assist Co., Ltd. Separator for fuel cell or current collecting member for fuel cell, and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP2016195130A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-11-17 株式会社プラズマイオンアシスト Fuel cell separator or current collecting member, and manufacturing method thereof
WO2019082254A1 (en) 2017-10-24 2019-05-02 臼井国際産業株式会社 Metal material and method for producing same
KR20200096217A (en) 2017-10-24 2020-08-11 우수이 고쿠사이 산교 가부시키가이샤 Metal material and its manufacturing method

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