JP2004109800A - Virtual three-dimensional map generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To generate a three-dimensional map which is as realistic as to be used for a city planning. <P>SOLUTION: The virtual three-dimensional map generation system is composed of a generation server 100 and a client CL. The generation server 100 generates a three-dimensional map three-dimensionally expressing buildings or the like in a virtual space. The three-dimensional map is generated on the basis of a two-dimensional map data base which defines the ground frame in which a building or the like is built. Such generating conditions to be satisfied when a building is built as regulations on the basis of the Building Standard Law and the Fire Protection Law or the like are set at every ground frame. The generation server 100 generates the three-dimensional map by arranging a prepared three-dimensional basic model and generating a columnar model by giving a height in the two-dimensional building frame to satisfy the generated conditions. A realistic three-dimensional map based on such regulations as the Building Standard Law is easily generated by taking the generating conditions into consideration. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional map generation system that generates a virtual three-dimensional electronic map.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, output of a map based on electronic map data has been used. A three-dimensional map expressing three-dimensional features on a map has also been proposed. Preparing a strict three-dimensional model for all features requires a great deal of effort and is difficult in practice, so it has been proposed to construct a three-dimensional map with a simplified model. (For example, a technique described in JP-A-11-149571). In this technique, columnar three-dimensional structure data having a house frame as a bottom surface included in two-dimensional map data is generated, and part of the data is converted into detailed three-dimensional structure data stored in advance according to a user's specification. By performing the replacement, a three-dimensional map having a high degree of reality can be generated with a light load.
[0003]
One practical application of a three-dimensional map is for use in city planning. By creating a virtual three-dimensional map when a new building is to be built or a building is to be built into an existing city, the validity of the plan can be examined. The three-dimensional map has an advantage that each building is represented by its height, so that the sunshine and the landscape can be easily grasped.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the prior art is not suitable for creating a virtual three-dimensional map used for such planning for the following reasons. First, it has been assumed that a two-dimensional map exists to generate a three-dimensional map. In the case of a city that is about to start anew, the land for construction is only divided at best, and the shape of the bottom area of the building has to be generated separately. Second, there are various regulations on the construction of buildings, such as regulations for ensuring sufficient sunshine on houses adjacent to the north side, depending on the surrounding conditions and the like. In the related art, since such restrictions are not sufficiently considered, an unrealistic virtual three-dimensional map may be generated.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to be able to generate a realistic virtual three-dimensional map that can be used for city planning.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Their Functions and Effects]
In order to solve at least a part of the above problems, in the present invention, a three-dimensional map generation system that generates a virtual three-dimensional electronic map is configured as follows. The system prepares electronic map data in which a plurality of positions and shapes of land frames where buildings are to be arranged are stored in a virtual space. In addition, a generation condition database is prepared which stores, in association with each other, the regulatory conditions to be satisfied by the building to be built for each land frame. The electronic map data and the generation condition database may be stored in the three-dimensional map generation system, may be provided on a CD-ROM or other media, or may be distributed via a network from an externally prepared server. You may. The three-dimensional map generation system generates a three-dimensional electronic map by generating three-dimensional model data of a building in each land frame within a range that satisfies the regulatory conditions with reference to the electronic map data and the generation condition database. .
[0007]
The electronic map data may be data representing an actual land frame or the like, or virtual map data representing a virtually set land frame or the like. The virtual map data also includes a map obtained by changing a real map in the near future. For example, a map that reflects mountain reclamation, sea reclamation and reclamation, land readjustment, new road construction, and the like correspond to such a map.
[0008]
According to the present invention, a three-dimensional model of a building can be generated for each land frame defined by the electronic map data while satisfying predetermined regulation conditions. Therefore, a realistic virtual three-dimensional map that can be used for city planning can be obtained. Use for city planning can take various forms. For example, the present invention can be used for a simulation for examining a disaster occurrence situation or an evacuation shelter at the time of rain, lightning, earthquake or other natural disaster. It can also be used to simulate the flow and volume of people and vehicles during commuting and other times. By performing a walk-through display as if walking on a virtual three-dimensional map, a virtual life simulation or the like may be performed.
[0009]
Examples of the regulation condition include a distance from a road, a distance from a neighbor, a building ratio, a floor area ratio, and the like. Building data for specifying the type of building, and conditions for placement and size on land frames may be included. These conditions may include not only conditions stipulated by laws such as the Building Standard Law and the Fire Service Law, but also conditions that should be considered empirically during normal construction. As the latter condition, for example,
・ Set the shape of the building so as to secure a wide south face;
・ Consider the layout of buildings to secure parking on the side facing the road;
And the like.
[0010]
In the present invention, three-dimensional model data can be generated by various procedures. For example, first, a two-dimensional building frame representing a bottom surface of a building is generated in a land frame based on a regulation condition, and then columnar three-dimensional model data having the building frame as a bottom surface is generated. Procedures may be taken. This method has an advantage that once a two-dimensional building frame is set, three-dimensional model data can be easily generated. The columnar three-dimensional model data can be defined by, for example, moving the building frame in parallel in the height direction according to the height information of the building.
[0011]
In many cases, the shape and arrangement of the building frame cannot be unambiguously determined only by the above-described regulatory conditions. Therefore, in the above embodiment, a condition having a lower priority than the regulation condition may be provided as a setting rule to be considered when setting the building frame. For example,
・ Set the shape of the building frame so that the bottom area is maximized within the allowable range;
・ The shape of the building frame is rectangular;
And the like. Since these conditions have low priority, it is not always necessary to satisfy the conditions, and it is sufficient that the conditions are considered only in a case where the building frame cannot be set only by the regulation conditions.
[0012]
For the three-dimensional model data, three-dimensional model data (hereinafter, referred to as “basic model”) prepared in advance according to the type of building is prepared, and according to the type of building associated with each land frame. The basic model may be generated by arranging the basic model in a virtual space.
[0013]
By doing so, it is possible to easily generate various three-dimensional model data according to the type of the building, and it is possible to improve the reality of the three-dimensional map. Examples of the type of the building include a general house, a building, an apartment, a store, and the like. It is preferable that the basic model is arranged in a different direction so as to be suitable for the land frame. A setting rule for changing the direction may be separately provided. For example,
The walls of the building are parallel to the road;
・ Place the entrance on the side facing the road;
And the like.
[0014]
When using the basic model, it is preferable that the basic model is deformed and arranged so as to satisfy the regulation condition. Such deformation includes, for example, a size change and a shape change of the basic model. It is preferable to include a deformation that expands and contracts in one wall direction of the basic model or expands and contracts in a height direction. By doing so, it is possible to generate a three-dimensional map that satisfies the regulation conditions without preparing a large number of basic models having different sizes and shapes.
[0015]
When the deformation of the basic model is permitted as described above, it may be an unrealistic building depending on the degree of the deformation. In order to avoid such an adverse effect, it is preferable that an allowable range of the deformation is defined in the basic model in advance, and the deformation of the basic model is performed within the allowable range. The allowable range of the deformation can be set in various forms, such as the allowable ratio of expansion and contraction, and the dimension that can be expanded and contracted.
[0016]
In the generation of the three-dimensional model data using the basic model, if the orientation is defined in the virtual space, the allowable range of the direction to be arranged with respect to the basic model is specified, and the basic range is set within this allowable range. It is preferable to arrange the models. For example, for a basic model in which a layout is taken into consideration so that the entrance is to the south, an arrangement of about 45 degrees east to west centering on the south can be set as an allowable range. By doing so, a three-dimensional map can be generated based on the layout of the basic model, and the reality can be further improved.
[0017]
When a road is defined in the virtual space, it is preferable to further arrange the basic model in consideration of the positional relationship between the land frame and the road. For example, an entrance can be arranged on the side facing the road, or the arrangement of buildings can be changed depending on whether or not it is a corner lot. Such an arrangement can be realized, for example, by preliminarily defining a general arrangement rule that associates a positional relationship of a road with respect to a land frame and a method of arranging a building on the land frame, and referring to the arrangement rule. is there. Instead of using such an arrangement rule, the structure may be arranged so that the distance between the road and the structure is maximized within a range allowed in the land frame.
[0018]
In the generation of the three-dimensional model data, it is not necessary to use either the columnar model or the basic model alternatively, and the two may be used in combination. For example, after a columnar model is generated, the model may be appropriately replaced with a basic model according to an instruction from an operator. Further, after arranging the basic model, a columnar model may be generated for a land frame for which no suitable basic model exists.
[0019]
The present invention can be configured in various modes other than the three-dimensional map generation system. It may be configured as a three-dimensional map generation method for generating three-dimensional map data by a computer, a computer program for causing a computer to realize a function for generating a three-dimensional map, and a computer readable recording such a computer program It may be configured as a simple recording medium. In this case, as a recording medium, a flexible disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, a magneto-optical disk, an IC card, a ROM cartridge, a punched card, a printed matter on which a code such as a barcode is printed, a computer internal storage device (RAM or ROM) Various types of computer-readable media can be used, such as a memory (e.g., memory) and an external storage device.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order.
A. System configuration:
B. 2D map database:
C. Generation condition database:
D. Basic model database:
E. FIG. Frame generation rules:
F. Virtual 3D map generation processing:
[0021]
A. System configuration:
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a virtual three-dimensional map generation system as an embodiment. The virtual three-dimensional generation system is a system that constructs a three-dimensional map that represents a building or other features in a virtual three-dimensional space configured as electronic data. The virtual three-dimensional generation system according to the present embodiment does not generate a three-dimensional map that accurately represents a real cityscape. This is to generate a three-dimensional map representing an imaginary cityscape such as an emerging city in a planning stage. It is also possible to generate a three-dimensional map based on a two-dimensional map representing an existing cityscape. In this case, the overall appearance of the three-dimensional map is close to the existing cityscape, but individual buildings are not It represents a fictitious cityscape to the extent that it is different.
[0022]
The virtual three-dimensional map generation system includes a generation server 100 connected to the Internet INT and a client CL. The client CL is a general-purpose personal computer having a network communication function, and functions as a terminal device that performs command transmission, result output, and the like. Software and a browser for browsing an HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language) file and the like are installed in the client CL. The client displays an interface screen provided from the generation server 100 in the form of an HTML file or the like through a browser, inputs a command, and the like, and realizes a function as a terminal device. Depending on the data format of the virtual three-dimensional map provided from the generation server 100, browsing software may be plugged into the browser.
[0023]
The configuration shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the virtual three-dimensional map generation system is not limited to this. For example, the client CL and the generation server 100 may be integrally configured. The function of the generation server 100 may be realized by distributed processing of many servers. Instead of the Internet INT, the connection between the generation server 100 and the client CL may be performed using a limited network such as an intranet and a LAN (Local Area Network) or other communication lines.
[0024]
FIG. 1 also shows functional blocks of the generation server 100. Since the generation server 100 is a kind of computer, the functional blocks of the present embodiment are configured as software by installing a predetermined computer program. At least a part of these functional blocks may be configured in hardware by a dedicated circuit or the like.
[0025]
The communication unit 102 manages communication via a network. When the client CL is configured integrally with the generation server 100, the communication unit 102 may be omitted.
[0026]
The interface providing unit 104 provides an interface screen to be displayed on the client CL for command input, output of a three-dimensional map, and the like. These interface screens are stored in the interface providing unit 104 in advance in a format such as an HTML file.
[0027]
The virtual map generation unit 140 generates a three-dimensional map according to an instruction from the client CL. The generated three-dimensional map is provided to the client CL via the communication unit 102. In the present embodiment, a method of arranging a basic three-dimensional model (hereinafter, referred to as a basic model) prepared in advance (hereinafter, referred to as a “basic model arranging method”) and a method of generating two-dimensional map data are described. Generates a three-dimensional map using both methods of generating a columnar model based on the bottom shape of a building (hereinafter, referred to as “building frame”) (hereinafter, referred to as “automatic generation method”) I do.
[0028]
Although both methods can be used in various ways, in this embodiment, in order to enhance the reality of the three-dimensional map, the basic model layout method is preferentially used, and the land frame that cannot be modeled by the basic model layout method is used. The automatic generation method was applied to. Conversely, modeling may be prioritized by an automatic generation method, and the columnar model may be replaced with a basic model according to a user's instruction or the like. Further, any of the basic model arrangement method and the automatic generation method may be selectively used according to a user's instruction.
[0029]
In order to generate a three-dimensional map, the generation server 100 is provided with three types of databases: a two-dimensional map database 110, a generation condition database 120, and a basic model database 130. The two-dimensional map database 110 stores two-dimensional map data for a district where a three-dimensional map is to be generated. In this map data, at least a land shape (hereinafter, referred to as a “land frame”) for arranging a building is defined. The building frame may be defined together. The two-dimensional map data may be prepared in the generation server 100 in advance, or may be provided from the client CL. The map data management unit 111 controls access to the two-dimensional map database 110.
[0030]
The generation condition database 120 records generation conditions to be satisfied when generating a three-dimensional model of a building for each land frame. This condition will be described later. The generation condition management unit 121 adds a condition to the generation condition database 120 and extracts a generation condition from the generation condition database 120.
[0031]
The basic model database 130 records a basic three-dimensional model of a building. For example, a model representing a typical shape for a house, a model for a building, and the like are recorded. The basic model database 130 may be provided from an external server by a house maker or the like. The basic model deforming unit 131 extracts and deforms a basic model from the basic model database 130.
[0032]
The basic model arranging unit 150 realizes the modeling by the basic model arranging method described above with reference to the three databases. Modeling is performed by arranging a basic model in a land frame given as a two-dimensional map so as to satisfy generation conditions. If the arrangement on the land frame cannot be unambiguously determined solely by the generation conditions, the basic model arranging unit 150 arranges the basic model in consideration of the arrangement rule 151 prepared in advance. Further, since the basic model does not always fit all land frames, the basic model deforming unit 131 appropriately deforms the basic model such as size.
[0033]
The columnar model generation unit 162 and the building frame generation unit 160 implement modeling by the automatic generation method described above with reference to the two-dimensional map database 110 and the generation condition database 120. First, the building frame generation unit 160 generates a building frame for a land frame given as a two-dimensional map with reference to the generation conditions. When a building frame cannot be uniquely defined only by generation conditions, a frame generation rule 161 prepared in advance is also considered. In the two-dimensional map data, the processing of the building frame generation unit 160 may be omitted for a land frame in which a building frame is already defined. When the building frame is defined in this way, the columnar model generation unit 162 generates a columnar three-dimensional model having the building frame as the bottom surface while referring to the generation conditions.
[0034]
B. 2D map database:
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of the two-dimensional map database 110. The upper part of the figure shows an image of a two-dimensional map, and the lower part exemplifies a data structure. As shown in the figure, in the two-dimensional map, the shapes of polygons representing land frames PL1 to PL9, roads R1, R2, and the like are defined by latitude and longitude. By using the latitude and longitude, the directions of north, south, east and west are also defined in the virtual space.
[0035]
Due to the data structure, the land frame polygon and the road polygon are recorded in separate layers, that is, the land frame layer and the road layer. In the land frame layer, data such as the shape and the surrounding roads are recorded in association with each land frame ID assigned to each land frame. The shape data is a set of the latitude and longitude of each vertex constituting the land frame. For example, with regard to the land frame PL1, the latitude Lat1 and the longitude Lon1 of the vertex P1; the latitude and the longitude of the vertex P2 are recorded up to the vertex P4. As the data of the peripheral road, the ID of the road adjacent to the land frame is recorded. In the land frame layer, for each land frame, information such as an address and an owner may be recorded together as attribute data.
[0036]
In the road layer, data such as a shape and a surrounding land frame is recorded in association with each road ID assigned to each road. The shape data is a set of latitudes and longitudes of the vertices constituting the road polygon, similarly to the shape data of the land frame. For example, for the road R1, the latitude and longitude of each vertex of the rectangle indicated by hatching in the figure are sequentially recorded. In the surrounding land frame data, the ID of the land frame adjacent to the road is recorded. In the road layer, for each road, the type of road, traffic regulation, and other information may be recorded together as attribute data.
[0037]
C. Generation condition database:
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of the generation condition database 120. The generation condition database records a condition to be satisfied at the time of building a building as a generation condition as one record for each land frame. A land frame ID is used as a key for identifying each record.
[0038]
In the present embodiment, the generation conditions are roughly managed into legal restrictions and user settings. Legal regulations refer to regulations stipulated in laws that must be complied with when a building is constructed, such as the Building Standards Law and the Fire Service Law. Such regulations include, for example, land features, land area, occupancy rate, floor area ratio, building height restrictions, distance from roads, distance from neighbors, and the presence or absence of designation of fire prevention areas. The distance from the road and the distance to the neighboring house may be summarized as a wall retreat distance.
[0039]
The user setting conditions include the type of building, the height of the building, the road direction classification, the land shape classification, and the corner lot designation. The type of building is designated as a house, a building, a condominium, a store, a factory, and the like. Further, the house may include designation of one-family residence / two-family residence, designation of Japanese / Western style, designation of wooden / rebar, and the like. The height of the building may be specified by the number of floors or by the absolute value of the height. The road direction division is a condition referred to when arranging an entrance of a building, and means a direction of a road adjacent to a land frame. If there are a plurality of roads adjacent to the land frame, the directions of the main roads that should face the entrance or the directions of all the roads may be specified. The land shape classification is a condition referred to in the basic model placement method, and specifies a rectangle, trapezoid, pentagon, or the like. The corner lot designation is a designation of whether or not the land frame hits a corner lot. For the road direction division, land shape division and corner lot designation, the designation by the user may be omitted, and the generation server 100 may automatically designate by referring to the two-dimensional map data.
[0040]
The generation condition database 120 can be configured in various formats such as a relational database. In the present embodiment, the generation condition database 120 is configured using XML (extensible Mark-up Language). In a database using XML, each item can be defined by an XML tag, and the record of each land frame can be handled as one XML file. Therefore, the generation conditions can be presented to the client CL for each land frame, and the generation conditions can be easily added or changed.
[0041]
D. Basic model database:
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of the basic model database 130. A three-dimensional model is recorded according to the type, arrangement direction, and height of the building. The arrangement direction means the direction of the entrance. In the figure, model examples of “house, west facing, two stories” and “house, south facing, two stories” are shown. Although the case where one type of model is prepared is illustrated, a plurality of types of models may be prepared. In the present embodiment, the arrangement direction is considered for the following reason. In a house, a layout is usually configured so that a living room or a veranda comes to the south side. Therefore, the layout is often changed according to the direction of the entrance, and the appearance of the house is often different. In the present embodiment, by preparing a three-dimensional model in consideration of the arrangement direction of the building, it is possible to generate a highly realistic three-dimensional map based on such a difference in layout. In the basic model database 130, the arrangement directions are divided into representative directions such as west and south. However, the arrangement directions may be allowed with a certain range of deviation from these directions.
[0042]
Each model also records the allowable range of deformation. In the present embodiment, when arranging the basic model on the land frame, a deformation according to the shape of the land frame is performed, but if this deformation is allowed without limitation, there is a possibility that the shape of the basic model is impaired unrealistically. is there. The allowable range of the deformation is data for suppressing the deformation at the time of disposing the basic model within a realistic range. In the present embodiment, the deformable magnification is set as an allowable range. A deformable dimension value may be set as an allowable range.
[0043]
For example, in the case of a west-facing house (uppermost column), enlargement and reduction in the north-south direction in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 are allowed, and enlargement in the east-west direction in the range of 0.95 to 1.05. , Which means that reduction is allowed. The allowable range may be set more finely according to the shape of the house. For example, in the case of a south-facing house (second stage), the model is divided into two areas a and b in the north-south direction and three areas c, d, and e in the east-west direction, and each part is deformed. The allowable range was set. By doing so, it is also possible to realize the deformation of enlarging or reducing the other rooms (areas c and e) while keeping the size of the entrance (area d).
[0044]
E. FIG. Frame generation rules:
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of the frame generation rule 161. The frame generation rule 161 is referred to in the process of generating a building frame on a land frame in the automatic generation method described above. In the present embodiment, the generation conditions are defined for each land frame (see FIG. 3), but the degree of freedom is left in the setting of the building frame, and the generation condition alone defines the building frame. May not be able to be defined dynamically. The frame generation rule is a rule set based on experience in order to set a realistic building frame in such a case. In the present embodiment, the frame generation rule is defined using XML.
[0045]
In this embodiment, as shown, the application priority and the frame generation rule are recorded in association with each other. The highest priority is associated with the “generation condition” stored in the generation condition database 120. By doing so, the frame generation rule 161 functions as information for controlling the priority of the condition to be considered when setting the building frame, including the generation condition. Therefore, even if a condition having a higher priority than the generation condition is added later, there is an advantage that it can be easily reflected by changing the priority of the frame generation rule 161.
[0046]
The rule corresponding to the following priority can be set arbitrarily. In the present embodiment, as an example, the illustrated rules and priorities are set. Each rule may include conditions for applying it. For example, in the rule of priority 2, an application condition of “if it is a house” is added.
[0047]
Whether or not the “main building shape” at the priority level 5 is a rectangle can be determined as follows. Consider the building frame shown in the figure. A rectangle B1 having the largest area in the building frame is determined. An area B2 obtained by removing the rectangle B1 from the building frame corresponds to a difference between the building frame and the rectangle. Therefore, whether or not the “main shape of the building” is rectangular can be evaluated by parameters such as “area of area B2 / area of rectangle B1”, “area of building frame / area of rectangle B1”. . According to the rule of priority 5, the building frame is set so that these parameters are as small as possible.
[0048]
In the basic model placement method, a rule in the same position as the frame generation rule 161 in the automatic generation method is a placement rule 151. The arrangement rule 151 is referred to when the basic model is arranged on the land frame. The arrangement rule 151 can be set in the same format and content as the frame generation rule 161. The frame generation rule 161 may also serve as the placement rule 151.
[0049]
F. Virtual 3D map generation processing:
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the virtual three-dimensional map generation process. The process on the client CL is shown on the left side, and the process on the generation server 100 is shown on the right side. The generation of the virtual three-dimensional map is started when the user operates the browser of the client CL to access a Web page provided by the generation server 100 (step S10). The generation server 100 provides the interface screen to the client CL in response to the access (Step S20).
[0050]
Through this interface screen, the user specifies generation conditions for generating a virtual three-dimensional map and a two-dimensional map (step S12). As the generation condition, a condition prepared in advance in the generation server 100 may be used as it is, or a condition prepared in advance may be edited by a user to generate a user-specific condition. May be transmitted to the generation server 100. Similarly, the two-dimensional map may be specified based on a database prepared in advance in the generation server 100, and may be used to specify a district for which a map is to be created. A unique map may be generated, or a map generated by a user may be transmitted to the generation server 100. In the same manner as these designations, designation of a frame generation rule, an arrangement rule, and the like may be performed.
[0051]
The generation server 100 receives a designation from the user and starts generating a virtual three-dimensional map. First, a virtual three-dimensional space to be a map output destination is defined (step S30), and modeling is performed by a basic model layout method (step S40). Next, for the land frame that could not be modeled by the basic model placement method, a columnar model is generated by an automatic generation method (step S60). The procedure of each modeling process will be described later. When the generation server 100 outputs the generated three-dimensional map to the client CL (Step S80), the client CL can display the map on the monitor screen (Step S14).
[0052]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the basic model arrangement processing. This is a detailed description of the processing of step S40 described above. When this process is started, the generation server 100 first selects a land frame to be processed from unprocessed land frames (step 41). Then, the generation condition for this land frame is acquired (step S42).
[0053]
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the basic model arrangement processing. As shown, land frames PL1 to PL3 and generation condition data 120A corresponding thereto are prepared. In the above process, when PL2 is selected as an unprocessed land frame, a condition corresponding to the land frame PL2 is extracted from the generation condition data 120A as illustrated.
[0054]
Next, the generation server 100 searches for a basic model in consideration of the generation conditions (Step S43). Since the type of building, the height, the classification of the road direction, and the like are recorded in the generation conditions, a basic model suitable for these conditions is searched. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when a condition such as “house, two-story, westward” is specified as the generation condition of the land frame PL2, the basic model shown in the top column of FIG. 4 is extracted. Will be done. There may be more than one basic model that meets the conditions.
[0055]
If there is no model that satisfies the condition (step S44), it means that modeling by the basic model method is impossible, so that the "placement impossible flag" corresponding to the land frame is turned on. This flag is a flag that is referred to at the time of processing of the automatic generation method. Although it may be recorded as attribute information in a generation condition database, a two-dimensional map database, or the like, in the present embodiment, a flag is configured as separate data that is temporarily stored in the process.
[0056]
If there is a compatible model (step S44), the base model is deformed and arranged based on the arrangement rule (step S46). In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the basic model is deformed and arranged by successive approximation by repeatedly executing the arrangement and the deformation. For example, when the model in the uppermost column in FIG. 4 is extracted, as a first step, a margin corresponding to a parking space is provided from the west road, and the basic model is arranged so that the entrance to the west comes. I do. Next, as a second step, it is confirmed whether or not generation conditions such as a building ratio, a floor area ratio, and a distance to a neighbor are satisfied in this arrangement state. If these conditions are not satisfied, as a third step, the basic model is deformed within an allowable range. Regarding the deformation method, it is preferable to provide a rule such as “the surface having no entrance is deformed preferentially”. When the transformation is completed, it is similarly evaluated whether or not the generation condition is satisfied, and the transformation is performed again as needed.
[0057]
Depending on the basic model, it may not be possible to place it on land. For example, even if the deformation is performed up to the allowable range limit or the deformation is repeated a preset upper limit number of times, an arrangement that does not satisfy the generation condition is obtained. With respect to such a basic model, it is determined that the basic model cannot be arranged (step S47), and the generation server 100 proceeds to search (step S43) and evaluation (steps S44, S46) of the next basic model. When it is determined that all the basic models extracted from the basic model database 130 cannot be arranged, an arrangement impossible flag is added (step S45).
[0058]
The generation server 100 executes the above processing for all the land frames existing in the two-dimensional map data (step S48), and completes the basic model arrangement processing.
[0059]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the automatic generation process. 7 details the process of step S60 in FIG. In the present embodiment, modeling by the automatic generation method is performed on land frames that have not been modeled by the basic model placement method.
[0060]
When this processing is started, the generation server 100 selects a land frame to be processed (step S61). If the unplaceable flag is not turned on for the selected land frame (step S62), it is determined that modeling has already been performed by the basic model layout method, and the process proceeds to the next land frame. (Step S66).
[0061]
When the arrangement impossible flag is on (step S62), the generation server 100 acquires the generation condition (step S63), and generates a building frame based on the frame generation rule (step S64). An example of generation of a building frame for the land frame PL8 is shown in the figure. In the figure, the building frame is a hatched area, and is defined by a combination of two rectangular areas Ba and Bb. This building frame is generated by the following procedure based on the frame generation rule of FIG.
[0062]
First, the generation condition which is the highest priority condition is considered. The maximum area of the building frame is determined from the area of the land frame PL8 and the building coverage. As an example, when it is considered that a building is designated to be built in the land frame PL8, the condition of priority 2 does not need to be considered, so the condition of priority 3 "the maximum bottom area" and the condition of priority 4 Consider “parallel wall to road”. In the example in the figure, the shape is set such that the northern surface having the longer wall surface length is parallel to the road R8 and the bottom area is maximized. At this time, in consideration of the condition of the priority level 5, it is preferable that the shape of the building is close to a rectangle. First, a rectangle Ba having one side parallel to the road R8 and having the maximum area is obtained. Next, the protruding portion Bb from the rectangle Ba is obtained so as to secure the bottom area within the range of the maximum area obtained from the building ratio. In the figure, an example is shown in which Bb is installed on the east side, but it may be installed on the south side.
[0063]
When the building frame is set in this way, the generation server 100 generates a columnar model (Step S65). The columnar model can be defined by translating the building frame in the height direction (H direction) by the height specified by the generation condition. In the present embodiment, the case where the protruding portion Bb is moved by one floor so as to satisfy the volume ratio is exemplified. As described above, the height may be changed depending on the part of the building frame.
[0064]
The generation server 100 executes the above processing for all land frames existing in the two-dimensional map data (step S66), and completes the automatic generation processing.
[0065]
According to the virtual three-dimensional map generation system of the embodiment described above, a three-dimensional model of a building can be generated for each land frame while satisfying the generation conditions. Therefore, a realistic virtual three-dimensional map that can be used for city planning and the like can be obtained.
[0066]
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and it goes without saying that various configurations can be adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a virtual three-dimensional map generation system as an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of a two-dimensional map database 110.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of a generation condition database 120;
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of a basic model database 130.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of a frame generation rule 161.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a virtual three-dimensional map generation process.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a basic model arrangement process.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an outline of a basic model arrangement process.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an automatic generation process.
[Explanation of symbols]
100 ... generation server
102 ... communication unit
104 interface providing unit
110 ... 2D map database
111 ... Map data management unit
120, 120A ... generation condition database
121: generation condition management unit
130 ... Basic model database
131: Deformation part of basic model
140 ... Virtual map generator
150 ... Basic model placement part
151 ... placement rules
160: Building frame generation unit
161: Frame generation rule
162: Columnar model generation unit

Claims (10)

A three-dimensional map generation system that generates a virtual three-dimensional electronic map,
In the virtual space, a map reference unit that refers to electronic map data that stores a plurality of positions and shapes of land frames where buildings should be placed,
A generation condition reference unit that refers to a generation condition database that stores, in association with each land frame, a regulation condition to be satisfied by a building to be built,
A map generation unit that generates the three-dimensional electronic map by generating three-dimensional model data of the building in each land frame within a range that satisfies the regulation condition. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 1,
The generation condition database associates, for each land frame, building data specifying a type of a building to be built, and a regulation condition to be satisfied by the building regarding the arrangement and size of the land frame. 3D map generation system to store. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 1,
The map generator,
A building frame generating unit that generates a two-dimensional building frame representing a bottom surface of the building in the land frame based on the regulation condition;
A columnar model generating unit for generating columnar three-dimensional model data having the building frame as a bottom surface. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 1,
A basic model storage unit for storing, as a basic model, three-dimensional model data prepared in advance according to the type of the building;
The three-dimensional map generation system, wherein the map generation unit generates the three-dimensional electronic map by arranging the basic model in the virtual space according to a type of a building corresponding to each land frame. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 4,
The three-dimensional map generation system, comprising: a model deformation unit configured to deform the basic model so as to satisfy the regulation condition. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 5,
In the basic model, the allowable range of the deformation is defined in advance,
The three-dimensional map generation system, wherein the model deformation unit deforms the basic model within the allowable range. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 4,
An orientation is defined in the virtual space,
In the basic model, an allowable range of the orientation to be arranged is defined,
The three-dimensional map generation system, wherein the map generation unit arranges the basic model within the allowable range. The three-dimensional map generation system according to claim 4,
Roads are further defined in the virtual space,
The three-dimensional map generation system, wherein the map generation unit performs the arrangement in consideration of a positional relationship between the land frame and the road. A three-dimensional map generation method for generating a virtual three-dimensional electronic map by a computer,
In the virtual space, a step of preparing electronic map data that stores a plurality of positions and shapes of land frames where buildings should be arranged,
A step of preparing generation condition data for storing in association with a regulation condition to be satisfied by a building to be built for each land frame,
Generating the three-dimensional electronic map by generating three-dimensional model data of the building in each land frame within a range satisfying the regulation condition. A computer program for generating a virtual three-dimensional electronic map by a computer,
In the virtual space, a function of referring to electronic map data that stores a plurality of positions and shapes of land frames where buildings should be arranged,
A function of referring to the generation condition data stored in association with the regulation conditions to be satisfied by the building to be built for each land frame,
A computer program for causing a computer to realize a function of generating the three-dimensional electronic map by generating three-dimensional model data of the building in each land frame within a range satisfying the regulation condition.

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