JP2004108598A - Control method for incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce an incineration time of incinerated substance without discharging toxic substance, and to automate an incineration process. <P>SOLUTION: This control method for an incinerator 1 having a primary combustion chamber 3 storing the incinerated substance 2, a secondary combustion chamber 4 for burning a dry distilled gas generated from the incinerated substance 2, a cooling means 5 cooling an exhaust gas, and an induction means 6 inducing the exhaust gas adjusts an air introduction amount for cooling the exhaust gas on the basis of an exhaust gas temperature after passing through the cooling means 5, and adjusts induction capacity of the induction means 6 on the basis of a pressure value inside the primary combustion chamber 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for controlling an incinerator that incinerates incinerated materials such as industrial waste. In particular, it relates to a method for controlling a relatively small incinerator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Incineration processing is frequently used for treating industrial waste and household waste (hereinafter, referred to as "incinerated matter"). In the incineration of these incinerated materials, the conventional incineration method burns the incinerated materials in a combustion chamber, and emits soot and smoke from a chimney. Further, when the incineration material contains a large amount of water, unburned residue is generated, and the unburned residue is incinerated, so that the incineration processing time is long. Therefore, in order to eliminate the unburned residue, soot and smoke, incineration of the incinerated material may be promoted by using an auxiliary fuel instead of burning by the incinerated material alone. In this case, although the incineration time varies depending on the type and weight of the incineration material, a longer incineration time may be set. In other words, a large amount is set so as to allow time for the incinerated material to burn out, and it has been difficult to automate the incineration process quickly. In a conventional incineration apparatus, an operator adjusts the incineration processing time (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In the conventional incineration method, during incineration, dioxins ("dioxins" prescribed in Article 2 of the Law No. 105 of the "Special Measures for Measures against Dioxins" in 1999, and "polychlorinated dibenzofuran" , Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxin, and coplanar-polychlorinated biphenyl. " In recent years, it has become necessary to suppress the emission of the dioxins, and it has become urgent to reduce the emission.
[0004]
Further, in a so-called secondary combustion type incineration method in which dioxins generated during incineration are heated to about 800 ° C. or more and thermally decomposed, the dioxins thermally decomposed in a flue after the secondary combustion are removed. There was resynthesis, and it was difficult to completely suppress the dioxins.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-240932 A
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the time for incineration of incinerated objects and to automate the incineration process without discharging harmful substances.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the invention according to claim 1 has a primary combustion chamber for accommodating an incinerated material, and a secondary combustion chamber for burning a carbonized gas generated from the incinerated material. A method for controlling an incinerator comprising a secondary combustion chamber, a cooling means for cooling exhaust gas, and an attraction means for attracting exhaust gas, comprising: introducing air for exhaust gas cooling based on exhaust gas temperature after passing through the cooling means. The amount is adjusted, and the attraction capability of the attraction means is adjusted based on the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber.
[0008]
In the invention according to claim 2, when the object to be incinerated is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber in a state of gasification and ignition, the amount of combustion air introduced by the attraction means in the state of the ignition is introduced. Is made larger than the amount of combustion air introduced in the dry distillation gasification.
[0009]
Furthermore, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the incineration time of the dry distillation gasification and the incineration time of the fire are adjusted based on the type and weight of the incineration material.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention is applicable to the control method of the incinerator which incinerates the incineration thing, such as industrial waste. First, the configuration of the incinerator to which the first embodiment is applied will be described. The incineration apparatus is basically an apparatus for incinerating the incinerated material by a dry distillation gasification method and a secondary combustion method. Specifically, the incinerator does not continuously incinerate the incinerated material, but incinerates it by batch processing in the following procedure. First, the object to be incinerated is ignited and incineration is started. At the time of this incineration, the incineration is performed while generating a carbonization gas from the incineration material by limiting the supply amount of the combustion air. Then, the carbonized gas is subjected to secondary combustion. Further, the incinerated material from which the carbonization gas is no longer generated is incinerated in an ignited state, that is, a so-called "Oki" state.
[0011]
The incinerator includes a primary combustion chamber having a primary burner, a secondary combustion chamber having a secondary burner, and a cooling means having a cooling air introduction amount adjusting means for adjusting an air introduction amount for exhaust gas cooling. The cooling means is provided with a means for attracting exhaust gas provided downstream of the cooling means, and a controller for controlling the incinerator.
[0012]
The primary combustion chamber is for storing the incinerated material and burning auxiliary fuel to generate a carbonized gas from the incinerated material and store the carbonized gas. The primary combustion chamber is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape so as to accommodate the incineration material, and includes the primary burner that burns auxiliary fuel. The primary burner is not provided with a blowing means, and is configured to supply combustion air by the attraction of the attraction means. The primary combustion chamber is provided with pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure in the primary combustion chamber.
[0013]
The secondary combustion chamber thermally decomposes dioxins generated during the incineration of the incineration material in the primary combustion chamber and burns the carbonized gas generated in the primary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber is formed, for example, in a square shape and has a predetermined volume, is provided with the secondary burner for burning auxiliary fuel, and is connected to the cooling means. The secondary burner has a configuration similar to that of the primary burner, does not include a blowing unit, and is configured to supply combustion air by the attraction of the attraction unit.
[0014]
The cooling means prevents the dioxins from being thermally decomposed in the primary combustion chamber and then recombined in the flue. The cooling means is provided on a cooling air duct for introducing cooling air, the cooling air introduction amount adjusting means provided in the cooling air duct, and provided on the downstream side of the cooling air introduction amount adjusting means. A mixing section for mixing the cooling air and the exhaust gas. The cooling air introduction amount adjusting means includes, for example, a damper and a damper motor for adjusting an opening degree of the damper. Downstream of the cooling means, a gas temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas after passing through the cooling means (hereinafter referred to as "cold exhaust gas") is provided.
[0015]
The attraction means supplies combustion air to the two combustion chambers and makes the inside of the cooling means negative by bringing the primary combustion chamber into a state at or below atmospheric pressure (hereinafter referred to as "negative pressure"). Air for cooling exhaust gas is introduced into the cooling means as pressure. The attracting means includes an attracting drive source, for example, an attracting fan, and a motor for rotating the attracting fan.
[0016]
Here, as a modification of the attraction means, attraction of exhaust gas by an ejector method is also suitable.
[0017]
The controller controls the operation of the incinerator according to a predetermined program. In particular, the controller controls the amount of air introduced for cooling the exhaust gas based on the temperature detected by the gas temperature detector, for example, the opening degree of the damper. And an attraction-capacity adjusting unit that outputs a signal that adjusts the attraction capability of the attraction unit based on the detected pressure value of the pressure detection unit, for example, an inverter. .
[0018]
The operation of the incinerator having such a configuration will be described. First, the attraction means is operated, and then the primary burner is operated to start incineration of the incinerated material. At the time of this incineration, as a carbonization step, the amount of combustion air supplied is restricted and supplied, so that the carbonized gas is incinerated while generating the carbonized gas from the incinerated material, and the carbonized gas is subjected to secondary combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. Activate the burner to perform secondary combustion. Then, the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber is cooled by the cooling means. Further, as an ignition process, the incinerated material in which the carbonization gas is no longer generated in the primary combustion chamber is incinerated in an ignited state, that is, in a so-called "Oki" state. Then, also in this firing step, the secondary burner is operated, and the exhaust gas is cooled by the cooling means.
[0019]
In this incineration process, the control method according to the first embodiment controls the cooling air introduction amount adjusting means based on the exhaust gas temperature after passing through the cooling means to adjust the air introduction amount for exhaust gas cooling. In addition, the attraction capability of the attraction means is adjusted based on the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber.
[0020]
This control method will be described in detail. First, the introduction amount adjustment unit measures the temperature of the cold exhaust gas. Next, the introduction amount adjusting section outputs a signal that the temperature of the cold exhaust gas reaches a predetermined temperature, that is, a signal that causes the damper to have a predetermined opening degree, to the damper motor. Then, the exhaust gas is cooled by the cooling air in the mixing section so as to become a cold exhaust gas having a predetermined target temperature, for example, 160 ° C. In this case, the target temperature of 160 ° C. may have an upper and lower temperature range. Thereafter, the introduction amount adjustment unit adjusts the opening degree of the damper such that the temperature of the cold exhaust gas is kept substantially within the temperature range.
[0021]
Here, the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber fluctuates by adjusting the opening degree of the damper. The pressure value in the primary combustion chamber may be constant for introducing air used for combustion of auxiliary fuel by the primary burner and for introducing primary combustion air for generating carbonized gas from the incineration material. preferable. Therefore, the attraction ability adjusting unit adjusts the attraction means so that the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber is set to a predetermined pressure value. Specifically, based on the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber, for example, the rotation speed of the induction fan is adjusted by the inverter.
[0022]
Thereby, while the exhaust gas is cooled properly, the pressure adjustment in the primary combustion chamber is automated, and the combustion of the primary burner can be performed stably. Further, since the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber, and the cooling means communicate with each other, the pressure in the secondary combustion chamber is automatically adjusted, and the combustion of the secondary burner can be stably performed.
[0023]
Here, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber communicate with each other, and the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber and the pressure value in the secondary combustion chamber are close to each other. Instead of the pressure detecting means, a pressure detecting means may be provided in the secondary combustion chamber, and the pressure detecting means in the secondary combustion chamber may be substituted.
[0024]
Next, a control method of the second embodiment using the incinerator of the first embodiment will be described. In the control method according to the second embodiment, when the incinerated material is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber in the carbonization step and the igniting step, the combustion air in the igniting step introduced by the attraction means. Is controlled to be larger than the amount of combustion air introduced in the carbonization step. More specifically, the amount of combustion air supplied from the primary combustion chamber air introduction means for uniformly introducing combustion air to the floor surface of the primary combustion chamber is adjusted to be large during the ignition step. . Thereby, the incineration processing time in the fire setting step can be shortened.
[0025]
Further, a third embodiment, which is a modification of the second embodiment, will be described. In the control method according to the third embodiment, in order to easily automate the operation of the incineration apparatus, the incineration processing time for the dry distillation gasification and the storage time are set based on the type and weight of the incineration material. Adjust the incineration time of the fire. More specifically, as a basic program, a standard carbonization process time and a standard ignition process time corresponding to the type and weight of the incineration material are set in advance and input to the controller. For example, the types of the incinerated materials are classified into paper, plastics, garbage, grasses, and the like, and the standard carbonization process time and the standard ignition process time at the respective standard weights correspond to each other. Are set and input to the controller.
[0026]
Then, at the time of incineration processing, the type and weight of the incineration material to be put into the incineration apparatus are input to the controller. Then, the controller calculates a weight ratio between the standard weight set in advance and the actually input weight, and operates and carbonizes the operation and carbonization process time corresponding to the type and weight of the input incineration material. Determine the firing time. Thereby, even if the type and the weight of the incinerated material to be charged are different for each incineration process, the controller only needs to re-enter the type and the weight of the incinerated material, and the controller causes the operation carbonization process time and the operation to be performed. Since the firing process time is determined, the operation of the incineration process can be automated.
[0027]
Here, in determining the two operation times more strictly in the third embodiment, taking into account the heat value of the incinerated material and based on the product of the heat value and the weight, the two operation times are determined. It is also preferable to determine
[0028]
As described above, according to these embodiments, the incineration process can be automated and the incineration time of the incinerated material can be reduced without discharging harmful substances.
[0029]
Further, in order to more reliably suppress the discharge of the dioxins, it is preferable to provide a harmful substance removing means for removing the dioxins and the like downstream of the attraction fan as a final treatment of the incinerator. The harmful substance removing means includes, for example, an adsorbing member having a function of adsorbing the dioxins. The cold exhaust gas discharged by the attraction fan is pushed into the harmful substance removing means, and is brought into contact with the adsorption member filled therein. Thereby, the emission of the dioxins can be further suppressed.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an incinerator to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 1, an incinerator 1 for incineration by a dry distillation gasification system and a secondary combustion system includes a primary combustion chamber 3 for accommodating an incineration object 2 and the incineration object 2 accommodated in the primary combustion chamber 3. Secondary combustion chamber 4 for burning the generated carbonized gas, cooling means 5 for cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 4, and attraction for attracting the exhaust gas provided downstream of the cooling means 5 The incinerator 1 includes a means 6, a harmful substance removing means 7 provided on the downstream side of the attracting means 6 for removing dioxins and the like, and a controller 8 for controlling the incinerator 1.
[0031]
The primary combustion chamber 3 is formed in, for example, a first main body 9 having a rectangular shape so as to accommodate the incineration material 2. The first main body 9 seals the first inlet 10 provided on the left side wall (the left wall in FIG. 1) of the first main body 9 for charging the incinerated material 2 and the first inlet 10. Door (not shown), a primary burner 11 disposed on a right side wall (the right side wall in FIG. 1) of the first main body 9 to burn auxiliary fuel, and a floor surface 12 of the first main body 9 ( Hereinafter, referred to as "hearth 12"), the primary combustion chamber air introduction means 13 connected to the primary combustion chamber, and the secondary combustion of the exhaust gas from the primary burner 11 and the carbonization gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 3 are performed. A first outlet 14 for discharging into the chamber 4 and a pressure sensor 15 for detecting a pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 are provided. In this embodiment, the primary-combustion-chamber air introducing means 13 is constituted by a first primary-combustion-chamber air introducing means 16 and a second primary-combustion-chamber air introducing means 17.
[0032]
The first main body 9 is configured to have a space having a predetermined volume. In this space, the primary burner 11 burns the auxiliary fuel, and also converts the carbonized gas generated from the incinerated material 2 into a gas. To store. That is, the primary combustion chamber 3 is configured to have a capacity for accommodating the incineration material 2 and a predetermined capacity including the space.
[0033]
The first outlet 14 communicates with the secondary combustion chamber 4 via a communication portion 18 for discharging exhaust gas and carbonized gas. The communication portion 18 is provided with secondary combustion chamber air introduction means 19 for introducing secondary combustion chamber air required when burning the carbonization gas in the secondary combustion chamber 4.
[0034]
The secondary combustion chamber 4 is formed, for example, in a second main body 20 having a rectangular shape and a predetermined volume so as to burn the carbonized gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 3. The second main body 20 includes a second inlet 21 that is a dry distillation gas inlet that communicates with the communication unit 18, a secondary burner 22 that burns auxiliary fuel, and a second exhaust that discharges exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber 4. And two outlets 23. In this embodiment, the secondary burner 22 includes a first secondary burner 24 and a second secondary burner 25. The second outlet 23 is connected to the cooling means 5 via a first duct 26 for guiding exhaust gas.
[0035]
The cooling means 5 is a vertical cylindrical casing 27 and a third exhaust port that communicates with the first duct 26 at the upper left side (upper left side in FIG. 1) of the casing 27. An inlet 28, a cooling air duct 29 disposed above the casing 27 (upper side in FIG. 1) for introducing cooling air, and an amount of cooling air provided in the cooling air duct 29. A damper 30 serving as a cooling air introduction amount adjusting means to be adjusted, a damper motor 31 for driving the damper 30, a mixing unit 32 provided downstream of the damper 30 for mixing cooling air and exhaust gas, A third outlet 33 for discharging an exhaust gas mixed with cooling air (hereinafter, referred to as “cold exhaust gas”). The third outlet 33 is provided at the bottom (the lower side in FIG. 1) of the casing 27 and is connected to the attraction means 6 via a second duct 34 for discharging the cold exhaust gas. The second duct 34 is provided with a temperature sensor 35 for detecting the temperature of the cold exhaust gas.
[0036]
The attraction means 6 includes a fourth inlet 36 which is a suction port of the cold exhaust gas communicating with the second duct 34, an attraction drive source, for example, an attraction fan 37, a motor 38 for rotating the attraction fan 37, A fourth outlet 39 for discharging cold exhaust gas.
[0037]
The harmful substance removing means 7 includes an adsorbing member (not shown) having a function of adsorbing the dioxins. That is, the emission of dioxins is more reliably suppressed. More specifically, the harmful substance removing means 7 is connected to the fourth outlet 39 on the downstream side of the attraction fan 37 as a final treatment of the incinerator 1. The harmful substance removing means 7 is for bringing the cold exhaust gas discharged from the attraction fan 37 into contact with the adsorption member. Then, the cold exhaust gas after the treatment is discharged from the fifth outlet 40 into the atmosphere.
[0038]
The controller 8 controls the operation of the incinerator 1 according to a predetermined program. In particular, based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 35, a signal for adjusting the amount of air introduced for cooling the exhaust gas, for example, the signal of the damper 30 is controlled. An introduction amount adjustment unit 41 that outputs a signal for adjusting the opening degree, and an inverter 42 that is an attraction capacity adjustment unit that outputs a signal for adjusting the attraction ability of the attraction fan 37 based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 15. And The introduction amount adjusting section 41 is connected to the temperature sensor 35 via a first line 43, and is connected to the damper motor 31 via a second line 44. The inverter 42 is connected to the pressure sensor 15 via a third line 45, and is connected to the motor 38 via a fourth line 46. Further, the controller 8 is connected to the primary burner 11, the primary combustion chamber air introducing means 13, the secondary combustion chamber air introducing means 19, the secondary burner 22, and the harmful substance removing means 7, respectively. (Not shown).
[0039]
Here, it is also preferable that a plurality of the primary burners 11, the air introduction means 19 for the secondary combustion chamber, the dampers 30, and the attraction fans 37 are appropriately provided in accordance with the scale of the incinerator 1.
[0040]
The operation of the incinerator 1 having such a configuration will be described. First, when the operation of the incinerator 1 is started, the incinerated material 2 is accommodated in the primary combustion chamber 3. Next, the controller 8 operates the attraction fan 37 according to a predetermined program. Thereafter, during the operation of the incinerator 1, the induction fan 37 is basically operated continuously.
[0041]
By operating the attraction fan 37, the insides of the two combustion chambers 3 and 4 are brought to a state below atmospheric pressure (hereinafter referred to as "negative pressure"), and the inside of the cooling means 5 is also set to a negative pressure. That is, based on the operation of the attraction fan 37 corresponding to the opening of the damper 30 at a predetermined opening, the inside of both the combustion chambers 3 and 4 is set to a negative pressure, so that the combustion of the burners 11 and 22 is performed. Air for use is supplied via respective air inlets of the burners 11 and 22 (in FIG. 1, provided at positions indicated by white arrows indicating a state in which air is supplied; reference numerals are omitted). You. At the same time, the cooling air of the cooling means 5 is supplied by making the inside of the cooling means 5 a negative pressure based on the operation of the attraction fan 37 and the damper 30. Further, the cold exhaust gas is introduced into the harmful substance removing means 7 by the attraction fan 37.
[0042]
Next, a basic incineration operation of the incinerator 1 will be described. This basic incineration operation is a batch process, and the batch process includes a preparation process, a preheating process, a carbonization process, an ignition process, and a purge process. Then, the induction fan 37 and the cooling means 5 operate basically continuously in all the steps.
[0043]
The preparation step is a step of operating the attraction fan 37, and by operating the attraction fan 37, the inside of the combustion chambers 3 and 4 is brought into a predetermined negative pressure state, and the operation of the cooling means 5 is started. It is. Then, after a lapse of time during which the insides of the combustion chambers 3 and 4 and the inside of the cooling means 5 are in a negative pressure state of minus 0.3 kPa, the preheating step is started.
[0044]
The preheating step is a step of operating the secondary burner 22, that is, burning the auxiliary fuel, so that the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 becomes approximately 820 ° C. or higher. That is, before the dioxins and the carbonization gas are introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 4, the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 is preheated to a temperature at which the dioxins can be decomposed.
[0045]
Next, when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 becomes 820 ° C. or higher, the preheating step is finished and the process shifts to the carbonization step. In the carbonization step, in the primary combustion chamber 3, the primary burner 11 burns the auxiliary fuel to ignite the incinerated material 2. When the ignition starts, the operation of the primary burner 11 is stopped. Next, by restricting and supplying the supply amount of combustion air into the primary combustion chamber 3, the incinerated material 2 is brought into a steamed state, and a combustion component, that is, a carbonization gas is generated from the incinerated material 2. Let it. Thereafter, the primary burner 11 resumes its operation when it is necessary to promote the generation of the carbonized gas. In the carbonization step, while the carbonized gas is generated in the primary combustion chamber 3, the generated carbonized gas is burned in the secondary combustion chamber 4, and then the exhaust gas is cooled by the cooling means 5. And a step of removing the dioxins by the harmful substance removing means 7.
[0046]
In this carbonization step, the primary burner 11 is stopped after operating at the time of ignition. However, when the carbonization gas generation is reduced and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 becomes 800 ° C. or less, the primary burner 11 is turned off. Reference numeral 11 appropriately restarts the operation and heats the incinerated material 2 to promote the generation of the carbonization gas. When the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 reaches 820 ° C., the operation is stopped. The secondary burner 22 starts operating when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 becomes 820 ° C. or lower. Then, the combustion of the carbonization gas itself introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 4 is added, and when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 exceeds, for example, 980 ° C., the combustion continues only with the carbonization gas. The secondary burner 22 is stopped because it is not necessary to burn the auxiliary fuel.
[0047]
Here, the operation of the carbonization step will be described in detail. In this dry distillation step, the incinerated material 2 is incinerated by a dry distillation gasification method in which the generation of dioxins is small, and the dioxins generated in the primary combustion chamber 3 are reduced in the secondary combustion chamber 4. Decomposes thermally. At the same time, the dioxins generated in the combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 4 are also thermally decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber 4 by setting the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 to approximately 820 ° C. or higher. Then, the exhaust gas of 820 ° C. or higher, which has been burned and decomposed in the secondary combustion chamber 4, is introduced into the cooling unit 5, and is cooled rapidly by mixing with cooling air in the mixing unit 32. Cool to 200 ° C or less. This prevents re-synthesis of the dioxins, which is likely to occur in a temperature range around 320 ° C. Then, the air is discharged into the atmosphere from the fifth outlet 40 as more securely treated exhaust gas from the attraction fan 37 through the harmful substance removing means 7.
[0048]
Here, it is also preferable that the dry distillation step is performed in a plurality of stages according to the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4. For example, in the initial stage, when the generation of dry distillation gas is small and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 is low, both of the two secondary burners 22, that is, both of the two secondary burners 24 and 25 are burned. Let it. In the latter stage, when the amount of dry distillation gas is large and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 is high, only one secondary burner 22, for example, only the first secondary burner 24 is burned. Thus, the incineration process is performed in a short time and energy is saved.
[0049]
Next, after the dry distillation step for a predetermined time has elapsed, the process proceeds to the fire setting step. This firing step is a step of burning the remaining incinerated object 2 in which the carbonization gas has been generated, that is, the carbonized incinerated object 2 in an ignition state, that is, in a so-called "Oki" state. In this fire setting step, when it is necessary to promote the incineration of the incinerated object 2 in the “other” state in the primary combustion chamber 3, the primary burner 11 restarts combustion with the auxiliary fuel. Then, the secondary burner 22 burns the auxiliary fuel so as to maintain the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 4 from 820 ° C. to 980 ° C.
[0050]
Also in this firing step, the exhaust gas of 820 ° C. or more from the secondary combustion chamber 4 is introduced into the cooling means 5 as in the case of the dry distillation step. That is, it is mixed with cooling air and rapidly cooled, for example, cooled to 200 ° C. or less. Thus, also in the firing step, as in the dry distillation step, resynthesis of the dioxins is prevented. Then, the air is discharged into the atmosphere from the fifth outlet 40 as more reliably treated exhaust gas from the attraction fan 37 through the harmful substance removing means 7.
[0051]
Next, after the ignition step, when the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 3 becomes a predetermined temperature, for example, 320 ° C. or less, no exhaust gas is generated from the primary combustion chamber 3 and it is not necessary to perform secondary combustion. Then, the secondary burner 22 is stopped, and the process proceeds to the purge step. This purge step is a step of cooling the combustion chambers 3 and 4 and the cooling means 5. In this purging step, both the burners 11 and 22 are stopped, and only the attraction fan 37 is operated to introduce air, thereby cooling the combustion chambers 3 and 4 and the cooling means 5. Then, when the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 3 becomes approximately 280 ° C. or lower, or when the purging process over a predetermined time is completed, the unburned matter remaining in the primary combustion chamber 3 is taken out, and the incineration process is completed. .
[0052]
In this incineration process, the control method of the first embodiment will be described first. In the control method of the first embodiment, the damper 30 is operated based on the temperature of the exhaust gas after passing through the cooling means 5 to adjust the amount of air introduced for cooling the exhaust gas, and the pressure in the primary combustion chamber 3 is controlled. The attraction ability of the attraction fan 37 is adjusted based on the value.
[0053]
This control method will be described in detail. First, the introduction amount adjusting unit 41 measures the temperature of the cold exhaust gas using the temperature sensor 37. Next, the introduction amount adjusting section 41 outputs to the damper motor 31 a signal that causes the temperature of the cold exhaust gas to reach a predetermined temperature, that is, a signal that causes the damper 30 to reach a predetermined opening. Then, the damper motor 31 changes the opening degree of the damper 30 so that the exhaust gas is cooled by the cooling air into a predetermined temperature range, for example, a cold exhaust gas within a temperature range of 160 ° C. ± 20 ° C. It is cooled to become. Thereafter, the introduction amount adjusting unit 41 adjusts the opening degree of the damper 30 so that the temperature of the cold exhaust gas becomes approximately 160 ° C. continuously.
[0054]
Here, the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 fluctuates by adjusting the opening degree of the damper 30. The pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 is constant for introducing air used for combustion of auxiliary fuel by the primary burner 11 and for introducing primary combustion air for generating carbonized gas from the incineration material 2. It is preferable that Therefore, the inverter 42 changes the rotation speed of the motor 38 based on the detection value of the pressure sensor 15 so that the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 becomes a predetermined pressure value. And the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 is maintained substantially constant.
[0055]
As a result, the exhaust gas is properly cooled, the pressure in the primary combustion chamber 3 is automatically adjusted, the combustion of the primary burner 11 can be performed stably, and the carbonization gasification is also performed stably. be able to. Further, since the primary combustion chamber 3, the secondary combustion chamber 4, and the cooling means 5 are connected, the pressure inside the secondary combustion chamber 4 is automatically adjusted, and the combustion of the secondary burner 22 is also stabilized. Can be done.
[0056]
Next, a control method of the second embodiment will be described. In the control method of the second embodiment, when the incinerated material 2 is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber 3 in the carbonization step and the fire step, the combustion in the fire step introduced by the induction fan 37 is performed. The introduction amount of the combustion air is controlled to be larger than the introduction amount of the combustion air in the carbonization step. More specifically, the amount of combustion air supplied from the primary combustion chamber air introduction means 13 which is arranged so as to uniformly introduce combustion air to the floor surface 12 is increased during the ignition step. Adjust to Thereby, the incineration processing time in the fire setting step can be shortened.
[0057]
Further, a third embodiment which is a modification of the second embodiment will be described. In the control method of the third embodiment, two patterns will be described. First, as a first pattern, in order to easily automate the operation of the incineration apparatus 1, based on the type and weight of the incineration object 2, the incineration processing time of the dry distillation gasification and the state of the ignition Adjust the incineration time. More specifically, the above-mentioned carbonization step time and the fire step time are set as basic programs in advance and input to the controller 8. For example, the types of the incinerated material 2 are classified into papers, plastics, kitchen garbage, grasses, and the like, and a standard carbonization process time and a standard ignition process time are set according to their respective standard weights. It is input to the controller 8. As a specific example, in the case of the paper, when the weight is 100 kg, the standard carbonization step time is set to 90 minutes, and the standard ignition step time is set to 60 minutes.
[0058]
Then, in the incineration process, the type of the incinerated material 2 and the weight of the incinerated material 2 to be charged into the primary combustion chamber 3 are input to the controller 8. The controller 8 compares the preset weight with the actually input weight to determine the operation carbonization process time and the operation ignition process time corresponding to the type of the incineration material 2. For example, when the input weight is 80 kilograms during the incineration of the papers, the controller 8 calculates the weight ratio with respect to the standard weight. Is set to 72 minutes, and the operation ignition step time is determined to be 48 minutes. Thereby, even if the type and the weight of the incinerated material 2 to be charged are different for each incineration process, the controller 8 only needs to re-input the type and the weight of the incinerated material 2, and Since the operation ignition process time is determined, the operation of the incineration process can be automated.
[0059]
Next, the second pattern will be described. This second pattern is for more strict control than the first pattern. That is, the control is performed in consideration of the calorific value of the incinerated material. In order to easily automate the operation of the incinerator 1, the incineration time for the dry distillation gasification and the incineration time for the fired state are based on the type, calorific value and weight of the incineration material 2. Adjust More specifically, the above-mentioned carbonization step time and the fire step time are set as basic programs in advance and input to the controller 8. For example, the types of the incinerated material 2 are classified into papers, plastics, kitchen garbage, grasses, and the like, and the standard carbonization process time and the standard fire process time are calculated based on the respective standard calorific values and weights. It is set and input to the controller 8. As a specific example, in the case of the papers, when the calorific value is 18900 kJ / kg and the weight is 100 kg, the standard carbonization step time is 90 minutes and the standard ignition step time is 60 minutes. Set it.
[0060]
Then, in the incineration process, the type of the incinerated material 2 and the calorific value and the weight of the incinerated material 2 to be charged into the primary combustion chamber 3 are input to the controller 8. The controller 8 compares the calorific value and the weight of the standard incinerated material 2 set in advance with the calorific value and the weight of the actually incinerated material 2 to be added, and The operation carbonization process time and the operation ignition process time corresponding to the type are determined. For example, when the paper is incinerated, the paper is in a wet state, the calorific value is 17010 kJ / kg, and the input weight is 80 kg, the controller 8 sets the standard calorific value and weight. In this case, since the calorific value is 90% and the weight is 80%, it is determined that the operation dry distillation step time is about 65 minutes and the operation ignition step time is about 43 minutes. Thus, even if the type, the heat value and the weight of the incinerated material 2 to be charged are different for each incineration process, the controller 8 can be re-input by simply re-inputting the type, the heat value and the weight of the incinerated material 2. Determines the operation carbonization process time and the operation ignition process time, respectively, so that the operation of the incineration process can be automated.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the incineration time can be reduced and the incineration process can be automated without discharging harmful substances.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an incinerator to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Incinerator
2 Incineration
3 Primary combustion chamber
4 Secondary combustion chamber
5 Cooling means
6 means of attraction

Claims (3)

A primary combustion chamber 3 for accommodating the incineration material 2, a secondary combustion chamber 4 for burning the carbonized gas generated from the incineration material 2, a cooling means 5 for cooling the exhaust gas, and an attraction means 6 for inducing the exhaust gas A method of controlling the incinerator 1 comprising: adjusting the amount of air introduced for cooling the exhaust gas based on the temperature of the exhaust gas after passing through the cooling means 5; and controlling the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3 based on the pressure value in the primary combustion chamber 3. And adjusting the attraction capability of the attraction means 6. When the incinerated material 2 is incinerated in the primary combustion chamber 3 in the state of gasification and ignition, the amount of the combustion air introduced by the attraction means 6 in the state of ignition is determined by the gasification in the primary combustion chamber 3. The control method for an incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the amount of combustion air introduced is made larger than the amount of combustion air introduced in (1). The method for controlling an incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the incineration time of the dry distillation gasification and the incineration time of the fire are adjusted based on the type and weight of the incineration material 2. .

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